Development trends of self-propelled artillery and promising samples
Self-propelled cannon artillery is capable of solving a wide range of combat missions and, thanks to this, remains the most important element of the ground forces. At the same time, there is a need for its further improvement - and the leading countries are searching for the necessary ideas and solutions for this. In the near future, fundamentally new self-propelled guns will enter service with their armies, and it is already clear how they will differ from the current technology.
Perspective development
The development of new projects is carried out in a number of countries, and the most famous are projects in Russia, the USA and Germany. This is not least due to the expected increase in the characteristics and combat qualities of the new technology. Russian, American and German projects of a new generation of self-propelled guns provide for an increase in the range and accuracy of fire, improved mobility, etc. In addition, several other interesting ideas are suggested.
The main domestic novelty in the field of self-propelled guns is the 2S35 "Coalition-SV" combat vehicle, which is already completing tests. This is a traditional self-propelled gun with a completely new 152-mm artillery unit, an automatic fighting compartment and a developed electronic control complex, using original shots. The growth of all main characteristics is declared in comparison with the existing ACS. It is possible to build an installation on a tracked or wheel base.
No less interesting is the Sketch project, within the framework of which several combat vehicles of different shapes are being developed. In the field of howitzer artillery, this family represents the CAO 2S43 "Malva". It was made on a wheeled chassis and equipped with an open-type cannon system. The family also includes self-propelled guns "Magnolia" and "Phlox" with weapons of the "gun-shot" system.
In the United States, over the past few years, the ERCA project has been developed, the result of which has already become an experienced 155-mm howitzer XM907 and an ACS based on it, called the XM1299. The main feature of this complex is the barrel length increased to 58 klb, which should provide a significant increase in the firing range. A new generation of projectiles is also being developed, designed to further increase the range. Until recently, there was a project of an ultra-long-range SLRC complex capable of shooting 1000 miles, but it was abandoned.
Simplified self-propelled guns are being developed in parallel. So, at one of the last competitions of the US Army, self-propelled guns based on trucks with an open mounting of a gun and manual loading, but with a developed fire control system were presented. One of these samples is the Brutus product from AM General. Lighter artillery systems are also being developed on other chassis, starting with the HMMWV.
For several years, the German company KMW has been promoting the AGM artillery weapon station, suitable for installation on different chassis. It is equipped with an L155 52mm howitzer, carries an automatic loader and has a highly efficient FCS. Several variants of ACS with such a module are presented; the last one shown is called the RCH-155 and is built on a Boxer chassis.
In 2019, it became known that Rheinmetall was developing a completely new 155 mm gun. It will receive a 60 clb barrel with an enlarged chamber. The estimated firing range will reach the level of 75-83 km. It is not known how soon such a howitzer will be tested and when it will be possible to build the first experimental self-propelled gun.
Range issue
A common feature of almost all modern and promising ACS / SAO projects is the desire to increase the firing range - this will allow attacking targets at a greater depth of defense, and will also make it more difficult to retaliate. In all cases, the same solutions are proposed for this problem.
To improve the energy performance of guns, elongated barrels are being developed. So, on the ACS 2S35, a gun with a barrel length of 52 clb is used. With the use of a new 152-mm guided active-rocket projectile (ARS), a firing range of 80 km was achieved.
Meanwhile, the American ERCA project has resulted in a 58-clb barrel, while German gunsmiths are working on a 60-caliber one. During the tests, the XM907 gun was able to send the serial M982 Excalibur projectile 70 km - almost twice as far as the M109 ACS. To date, an additional increase in the range and accuracy of fire has been obtained with the use of standard gun ammunition.
The energy characteristics of the howitzer have their limits, and to further increase the firing range, it is necessary to use special ammunition. Recent records have been set with controlled APCs and new growth is expected in the future.
The American industry continues to work on a new 155mm APC called the XM1113ER. According to unconfirmed reports, it has already been fired at 100 km with sufficient accuracy - and this is not the limit. At the same time, there are other, no less interesting developments. So, in Italy, a shipborne artillery system was developed with a 64-caliber 127-mm gun, which can send a VULCANO projectile to 120 km. In other countries, they talk about the possibility of achieving even greater ranges.
Speed and automation
To protect against retaliation, a modern self-propelled gun must be able to quickly complete a firing mission and leave a position, which, among other things, makes high demands on the rate of fire. For this reason, almost all advanced self-propelled guns are equipped with automatic loaders. The only exceptions are lightweight systems with open mounting of guns.
According to known data, the Russian "Coalition-SV" has an automatic combat module with mechanized stacking for 70 modular rounds. Automation provides a combat rate of fire from 11 to 16 rds / min. The German AGM module is built according to the same scheme. However, due to its smaller size, it carries only 30 projectiles and 144 propellant modules; rate of fire - up to 10 rds / min. The American self-propelled gun XM1299 received a manned turret with an automatic loader. Its rate of fire is at the AGM level.
Also, transport-loading vehicles are being developed, capable of transporting shots and transferring them to self-propelled guns. A unified TZM type 2F66-1 will be used with promising Russian self-propelled guns. The truck-based vehicle can automatically handle ammunition in calibers from 120 to 152 mm. It will probably be able to serve Malva as well.
Accuracy problem
For promising ACS, highly efficient FCS with a number of characteristic features and capabilities are being developed. First of all, they are required to have high-speed performance and the ability to collect initial information in the shortest possible time, generate data for firing, control the aiming of the gun and enter the task into the ammunition. In accordance with this, all new ACS receive full-fledged control computers with all the necessary functions.
Communication and integration into the contours of command and control are of particular importance. Due to this, the time for transferring data from the command or reconnaissance means to self-propelled guns is sharply reduced. In addition, new opportunities are emerging. In recent years, the interaction of artillery with tactical UAVs has been actively developed and used. The latter provide real-time reconnaissance and correction, incl. in hard-to-reach areas.
A decisive contribution to the accuracy of fire of new systems will be made by promising guided ARS. Moreover, when firing at a long range, only they allow you to obtain acceptable accuracy and flow rates. Modern samples of this, Russian and foreign, for the most part use satellite guidance and have a CEP of no more than a few meters.
At the same time, unusual ideas are being introduced. So, several years ago it was reported about a Russian project of a guidance module compatible with conventional shells. Such a product will dramatically reduce the cost of manufacturing guided munitions and further improve the economy of an artillery strike. In addition, compatibility with older artillery systems will be ensured.
Two directions
It is easy to see that the development of self-propelled howitzer artillery is now divided into two directions. The first proposes the use of the most daring ideas and solutions to achieve the maximum possible tactical and technical characteristics. This category includes the Russian project "Coalition-SV", the American ERCA program and some other projects. For obvious reasons, such developments are gaining major attention.
Within the framework of the second direction, the issue of increasing mobility and some combat characteristics is being worked out - without the use of fundamental innovations that can lead to a significant complication and increase in the cost of the design. This logic is followed by the projects Brutus, Malva and others. Despite the lack of significant breakthroughs, this concept is also of interest to potential customers and is being developed.
Most likely, over the next few years, ready-made self-propelled guns of these two classes, developed in our country and abroad, will reach the point of adoption. They will be operated in parallel in different units and used to solve different combat missions. So, self-propelled guns of "limiting parameters" will take upon themselves the defeat of remote targets inaccessible to other barreled artillery, and simplified "trucks with howitzers" will complement the existing self-propelled guns in their role.
Thus, the simultaneous development of the two directions will make it possible to obtain weapons systems with an advantageous ratio of combat, technical and economic characteristics. However, all promising projects are still at the stage of development work, and the appearance of new equipment in the armies is expected only in a few years. And then it will become clear whether it will start in stories self-propelled artillery installations a new era with new capabilities.
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