V.S.Baranovsky's quick-shooters

89

2,5-inch cannon of Baranovsky in the Artillery Museum of St. Petersburg

History weapons. And it so happened that in the mid-60s, European armies decided to acquire new types of artillery pieces. Unlike the previous rifled, but still muzzle-loaded guns, breech-loading systems with rifled barrels made of steel were adopted. The reason is simple: the experience of the war between the North and the South and the spread of new metalworking technologies, which made it possible to establish the production of fairly cheap and durable steel. All this taken together gave a sharp leap in the development of artillery weapons.

After all, steel has a much greater strength than bronze, from which gun barrels were made before, and it is less susceptible to corrosion than, say, cast iron and iron. By adding various alloying additives, they began to obtain alloys with high toughness and elasticity, which were well suited for the manufacture of new gun barrels.



So in Russia at the end of the 60s of the XIX century, systems of several calibers with steel rifled barrels, wedge locks and iron carriages entered the artillery. Accordingly, new ammunition was also adopted for them, in which not gunpowder was used as a filling, but pyroxylin or melinite. Naturally, the destructive power of such shells has increased significantly. But the range and accuracy of artillery fire also increased.


Breech and piston bolt. 2,5-inch cannon of Baranovsky in the Artillery Museum of St. Petersburg


The inscription on the breech of Baranovsky's landing cannon. Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg, August 22, 2021. Photo by N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin

And only the rate of fire of the new guns remained, as before, low: 1,5–2 rounds per minute and no more.

The reason was that the old, separate loading was used in the new types of guns. First, the barrel of the gun was transferred to a horizontal position and the bolt was opened. After that, a projectile was first put into the charging chamber, and then a charge that looked like a bag of gunpowder. Then came the pallet with the primer. And only after all these manipulations with loading, it was possible to close the bolt (while the percussion mechanism was cocked), direct the gun at the target and fire a shot. All these operations took time, and each time after a shot it was necessary to correct the sight.


Piston valve close-up. 2,5-inch cannon of Baranovsky in the Artillery Museum of St. Petersburg


Piston breech of Baranovsky's 2,5-inch airborne gun in a closed state. Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg, August 22, 2021. Photo by N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin

It would seem, what is simpler: to enlarge the sleeve of hand-held small arms (fortunately, such ammunition has already been used), attach a projectile to it, and load the gun “in one fell swoop”. Shotguns firing unitary cartridges clearly showed that this path was correct. However, it was so easy to take and enlarge the rifle case and insert it into the gun barrel - for a long time it did not work.

First of all, it was necessary to establish the production of such ammunition, and with very high dimensional accuracy in order to ensure good obturation. During the shot, the gas pressure expanded the sleeve, and it was difficult to remove it from the charging chamber. In addition, the very design of a unitary cartridge for an artillery gun required the solution of a number of very specific problems.


Explanatory lettering in four languages ​​is luxurious!

And so one of the first artillerymen who managed to successfully solve all these problems was V.S.Baranovsky, a talented engineer and inventor.

V.S.Baranovsky's quick-shooters

Illustration for the article "Baranovsky, Vladimir Stepanovich". A page from the "Military Encyclopedia of I. D. Sytin". Volume 4 (St. Petersburg, 1911)

And so, in 1871, tests began on his first two-inch (50-mm) rapid-fire cannon with cartridge loading.

It is interesting that it was arranged "in a rifle" style. To load the gun, the projectile was placed in a special tray on the bolt, then it was turned 180 degrees and sent to the charging chamber. At the same time, the cocking of the percussion mechanism took place at the same time.

But tests have shown that this design does not provide reliable obturation, although it is convenient in that the spent cartridges can be removed from the breech very easily.


Experienced two-inch cannon and a unitary shot next to it. Rice. the author

A year later, a new weapon was delivered to the test site.

He already had a piston bolt with an automatically cocked drummer. There was also a new screw lift and slewing gear. The barrel was installed on the gun carriage of P.V. Baranovsky, the inventor's cousin. Moreover, to reduce the rollback, the carriage received a hydraulic brake and a spring reel, which, after firing, returned the barrel to its original position. That is, now this tool, in principle, no longer differed from modern ones, where all these devices are also available.

And also V.S.Baranovsky increased the caliber of his gun to 2,5 inches (63,5 mm), since the two-inch shells were too weak.


Mountain and horse cannons. Rice. the author

Horse artillery was the first branch of service to be armed with VS Baranovsky's rapid-fire cannons on a carriage of the simplest design in the Russian Imperial Army. The carriage had to withstand heavy loads, which is why the first thing that was paid attention to when creating it was strength. And it was the high strength of the new carriage that made it possible to adopt the 2,5-inch cannon for equestrian artillery.

But already in 1875 for the field 2,5-inch guns and on the landing 2,5-inch ship guns for fleet new, more advanced gun carriages began to be used.

Simultaneously with the work on the field and landing guns, V.S.Baranovsky began to create a mountain cannon.

This weapon was to be disassembled and transported on horseback. Therefore, it was decided to put a carriage for a 2,5-inch landing cannon on a collapsible iron carriage. Now, four horses were required to transport the new gun, and the gun itself could be easily assembled and disassembled.

In 1877, the gun went to part of the Russian army that fought in the Caucasus.


2,5-inch amphibious and field guns. Rice. the author

V.S.Baranovsky's innovation was also reflected in the fact that he installed SK Kaminsky's optical sights on his cannons, which helped to sharply increase the accuracy of direct fire.


A shipborne assault weapon designed by Baranovsky. Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg, August 22, 2021. Photo by N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin

Nevertheless, the rapid-fire guns of V.S.Baranovsky, which gave five rounds per minute, which was a very high rate for that time, did not become the main type of field artillery of the Russian Imperial Army.

Their caliber was too small. Meanwhile, by the beginning of the twentieth century, both in our army and abroad, guns of much larger calibers and, accordingly, with a more powerful projectile were adopted.

First of all, the caliber 76,2 mm (3 inches) was used. In France, the famous Schneider 75-mm cannon (1897) was adopted. In Germany, the basis was the 77-mm Krupp gun (1896). In Austria-Hungary - Skoda gun, caliber 76,5 mm (1905).

And only in Great Britain the caliber was chosen more - 18 pounds or 83,8 mm (1903). The fact is that with an increase in the caliber of the projectile by only 20%, its mass almost doubled, and the firing range increased by 2,5-3 times. These guns could already fight not only the enemy's manpower, but also hit his fortifications, fire at rear targets.

And 2,5-inch guns could do none of this ...


The card holder. Rice. the author

V.S.Baranovsky also designed a six-barrel canister of 4,2 line (10,68 mm) caliber - more advanced than the Gatling mitrailleus. The shooter rotated the handle, a block of six barrels began to rotate, and the canister began to shoot. The magazine for 25 unitary cartridges was inserted from above. The cartridge, when turning the block of barrels by 1 step (1/6 of the circle), was sent to the chamber, while the percussion mechanism was cocked, and since the block continued to rotate, a shot followed. When turning one more step, the spent cartridge case was thrown away, and the bolt itself retreated back to the extreme position. Such a device made it possible to achieve a rate of fire of 250 rounds per minute, but, again, this depended on the physical capabilities of the shooter, who simply could not turn the handle for a long time.

That is why mechanical grape-shots were completely supplanted by machine guns, which did not have such problems in principle.


A spring-loaded knurler under the amphibious gun barrel. A shipborne assault weapon designed by Baranovsky. Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg, August 22, 2021. Photo by N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin

And although VS Baranovsky's "quick-fighters" did not play a special role in the wars of the Russian Empire, it was the design decisions that he put into these guns that had a huge impact on all subsequent field guns in Russia for many years to come. And not only in Russia.

TTX cannon Baranovsky
Caliber - 2,5 inches (63,5 mm).
Barrel length - 1260 / 19,8 mm / clb.
Barrel bore length - 1070 / 16,8 mm / cb.
The length of the threaded part is 778 mm.
The number of grooves is 20.
The steepness of the grooves - 30 calibers.
The depth of the grooves is 0,635 mm.
The initial velocity of the projectile - 427 m / s.
Tabular firing range - 1830 m.
Maximum firing range - 2800 m.
The weight of the lock is 8,4 kg.
Barrel weight with lock - 106 kg (96,6 kg - mountain gun).
The mass of the gun in the firing position is 272 kg.
Rate of fire - 5 shots / min.

Baranovsky also developed unitary shells for his guns.

So, the ammunition of the mountain gun of the gun included: a double-walled grenade made of cast iron with two copper belts, having a length of 3,5 klb and weighing 4 kg. The weight of the explosive was 72,5 g. Fuse: shock tube designed by Baranovsky; shrapnel, which had iron walls and a cast-iron screw-in bottom, also with two copper belts and a length of 3,5 clb. The weight of the explosive was 30 g. And its filling consisted of 88 bullets, 10,7 g each, with a diameter of 12,7 mm. The distance tube was calculated for 10 seconds of maximum burning.

Buckshot was not relied on for Baranovsky's mountain guns. If necessary, the shrapnel was simply set for 0,1 s. The cartridge for all types of guns consisted of an iron pan and a tin sleeve.


I feel like stroking, isn't it? A shipborne assault weapon designed by Baranovsky. Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg, August 22, 2021. Photo by N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin

A cast-iron grenade weighing 2,55 kg, 2,6 clb in length and a charge of 90 g of gunpowder was relied on for the landing cannon. The shrapnel had a weight of 2,4 kg and a length of 2,9 klb. The buckshot was in a tin shell, had a weight of 3,35 kg, a length of 3,9 klb and contained 96 bullets with a diameter of 19 mm and a mass of 25,6 g. The casings and tubes were the same for all types of shells for Baranovsky's cannons. The cartridge case was composite: a steel pallet and a body rolled up from tin-plated sheet metal.


A sailor next to Baranovsky's landing gun. Photo of that distant time ...

All the warships of the Russian Imperial Navy were armed with Baranovsky's landing guns, and as such they were actively used in the battles of the Russo-Japanese War and in the suppression of the uprising of the "Boxers" in China.

PS


The author and the administration of the site express their sincere gratitude to N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin for the photographic materials they provided from the Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg.
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  1. +21
    29 August 2021 04: 06
    I remember very well the article in the "Technology of Youth", dedicated to this weapon (and not only him) as well.
    Thanks to the author - I refreshed my memory and gave a more detailed description!
    1. +21
      29 August 2021 10: 50
      Quote: Leader of the Redskins
      I remember very well the article in "Technology of Youth"

      Well. f. "Technology for youth" is "something"! It's almost sacred! How many wonderful, beautifully illustrated "series" on various topics were there! Of course, the artillery, tank and aviation "series" should be especially noted!
      1. +6
        29 August 2021 13: 14
        Quote: Nikolaevich I
        Well. f. "Technology for youth" is "something"! It's almost sacred!
        http://technicamolodezhi.ru/magazin/
        1. +6
          29 August 2021 17: 15
          Unfortunately, the success of this publication is a thing of the past.
          1. +7
            29 August 2021 20: 17
            Congratulations to the entire Authors of this article, the work was a success! And for the glory !!!
            1. +5
              29 August 2021 20: 23
              Thank you, Vlad! Only I am superfluous here.
              1. +4
                29 August 2021 20: 47
                ... The author and the administration of the site express their sincere gratitude to N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin for the photographic materials they provided from the Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg.

                Don’t be poor Anton!
                With all Respect, Vlad!
                1. +7
                  29 August 2021 21: 06
                  I didn't even think! I photographed something else:

                  What is this, in your opinion?
                  1. +5
                    30 August 2021 01: 03
                    Two-handed sword, late high middle ages. Great for a bastard. Claymore and Slasher have a different type of blade. Flamberge and Landsknecht swords have stops and rings. Perhaps the executioner's weapon. I can't figure out the tip of the sword is broken or it should be.
                    1. +7
                      30 August 2021 05: 11
                      I can't figure out the tip of the sword is broken or it should be.

                      It should be so.
                      Perhaps the executioner's weapon

                      Exactly.
                      This is the executioner's sword - an execution sword. In Europe, these were widely used in the XNUMXth century.
                    2. +5
                      30 August 2021 05: 59
                      It is too small for a bastard, the length of the blade is about 90 cm. This is the executioner's sword. But what he does in the Naval Museum remains a mystery to me.
                      1. +4
                        30 August 2021 09: 54
                        It is too small for a bastard, the length of the blade is about 90 cm. This is the executioner's sword. But what he does in the Naval Museum remains a mystery to me.

                        Hello everybody. Don't you remember the signature to it?
                      2. +3
                        30 August 2021 10: 11
                        I have her photographed.
                      3. +5
                        30 August 2021 10: 14
                        I have her photographed.

                        Briefly - "Swedish sword, 1657".
                      4. +4
                        30 August 2021 10: 31
                        Another "top of the Sarmatian sword"
                      5. +5
                        30 August 2021 11: 04
                        Another "top of the Sarmatian sword"

                        In Kingisepp, in the local history museum, there is a rusty "Zweichender" blade. Signed, EMNIP, "knight's sword". Although, you know, with such a contraption it is easier to imagine some dashing landsknecht-lawless "on a double salary." fellow
                      6. +3
                        30 August 2021 11: 11
                        By the way, please look for pictures from the Art Museum, you seemed to be filming the executioner's "equipment".
                      7. +3
                        30 August 2021 11: 40
                        By the way, please look for pictures from the Art Museum, you seemed to be filming the executioner's "equipment".

                        They are on the home computer. And the quality, I must say, is not the best.
                      8. +4
                        30 August 2021 11: 59
                        I'm in the collection, I don't know why yet. If necessary, I will send Lena so that Serega takes photoshop.
                      9. +3
                        30 August 2021 14: 47
                        But what he does in the Naval Museum remains a mystery to me.

                        This question interested me too. So far, it has only been possible to find out that VIMAIViVS has a whole collection of such swords and that this sword was made in Saxony in 1687. I even found the inventory number.
                        Alas, I am deprived of the opportunity to communicate with the administration of the museum, so I have to process a large amount of all kinds of information, which takes time. Can Vyacheslav Olegovich sign a letter to the museum? And I already have the material for an article on the swords of justice.
                      10. +2
                        30 August 2021 15: 12
                        You can also try. Contact Shpakovsky yourself, or should I do it? However, he is also an interested person, you will publish from under his account.
                      11. +3
                        30 August 2021 15: 22
                        We will not talk about "publishing" yet, but I will write to him. Maybe he will be interested himself.
                      12. +4
                        30 August 2021 14: 50
                        Quote: 3x3zsave
                        This is the executioner's sword. But what he does in the Naval Museum remains a mystery to me.

                        Good afternoon Anton,
                        I suppose it "represents" a weapon: there are many such swords, but few in combat.
                        They say they stayed in the courts of Germany until the 19th century. And in the Victorian era, when there was an antique demand for medieval weapons, they began to be successfully "pushed" to lovers of antiquities, since there were enough of them and their condition was usually good. hi
                      13. +4
                        30 August 2021 15: 14
                        Sergei! hi
                        You are probably right, but the plate itself and the place of placement froze me.
                      14. +3
                        30 August 2021 15: 23
                        Quote: 3x3zsave
                        You are probably right, but the plate itself and the place of placement froze me.

                        Well, what to do: as you rightly noted - "one more pommel of the Sarmatian sword".
                        The sword is beautiful, at one time, apparently, they prepared an exposition and put it to represent a "Swedish sword". Perhaps he came to us from the former Swedish territories.
                        Personally, I was sincerely amused by the signature to this chain mail in the Velikiye Luki Museum of Local Lore:

                        "Russian chain mail of the XII century".
                        Of course, I am not a great expert in weapons, but I strongly doubt that at least one Russian chain mail of the 12th century will survive (I mean not from the excavation site). hi
                      15. +3
                        30 August 2021 15: 34
                        Well, we already discussed this chain mail not so long ago.
                  2. +3
                    1 September 2021 10: 47
                    Swedish boarding sword from the Navy Museum in Peter
                    1. +3
                      1 September 2021 17: 52
                      Yes, Dmitry, you are right. Although not boarding, but ceremonial.
    2. +12
      29 August 2021 16: 07
      Igor, hello! smile
      I join your gratitude to the Author. good
      A small illustrative addition to an excellent article.

      1. +2
        29 August 2021 16: 56
        Bravo! Great addition!
  2. +15
    29 August 2021 06: 06
    Thanks to the author for an interesting and well-illustrated article!
  3. +9
    29 August 2021 08: 29
    After all, steel has a much greater strength than bronze, from which gun barrels were made before, and it is less susceptible to corrosion than, say, cast iron and iron.

    An explanation is needed here. In the XNUMXth and early XNUMXth centuries, low-carbon steel was called iron.
    1. +6
      29 August 2021 11: 02
      Quote: Undecim
      In the XNUMXth and early XNUMXth centuries, low-carbon steel was called iron.

      Duc, anyway (!) ... iron is low-carbon steel! Whatever you call it! laughing
      1. +2
        29 August 2021 11: 11
        Duc, anyway (!) ... iron is low-carbon steel!

        Iron (lat. Ferrum), Fe, a chemical element of group VIII of Mendeleev's periodic system; atomic number 26, atomic mass 55,847; shiny silver-white metal.
        1. +4
          29 August 2021 11: 56
          Quote: Undecim
          Iron (lat. Ferrum), Fe, a chemical element of group VIII of Mendeleev's periodic system; atomic number 26, atomic mass 55,847; shiny silver-white metal.

          So what? Why confuse a "fork with a bottle"; What about the chemical element of the "Mendeleev's table" with practically obtained material? request
          1. +1
            29 August 2021 12: 51
            Why confuse a "fork with a bottle"; What about the chemical element of the "Mendeleev's table" with practically obtained material?


            Here is a practically obtained material. 0,001 percent impurities in total. Will you insist that it is a low carbon steel with a carbon content of 0,00016 percent?
            1. +5
              29 August 2021 13: 18
              In what year did you get this "material" and by what method?
              1. +2
                29 August 2021 13: 46
                I don't know exactly the beginning of production, but at least twenty years ago. As far as technology is concerned, the process is rather complicated and multi-stage.
                Does it have any fundamental significance in this case?
                1. +5
                  29 August 2021 17: 19
                  Quote: Undecim
                  Does it have any fundamental significance in this case?

                  Generally speaking it does. At the beginning of the 19th century, the main technical process was puddling and the output was just iron. Quite clean in terms of carbon. Steel was obtained by additional carburizing in forges using forging. With the advent of the first converters, steel immediately appeared at the output. Although quite poor quality due to air purging (nitriding).

                  The production of steel cannons is directly related to the ability to make liquid steel. Until they learned nothing but cast iron and bronze cannons, it was impossible to do.
                  1. 0
                    29 August 2021 22: 08
                    At the beginning of the 19th century, the main technical process was puddling and the output was just iron. Quite clean in terms of carbon.

                    We are not discussing the beginning, but the middle of the century. It was in 1850 that mild steel began to be produced in puddling furnaces (Lohage, Bremme & Co in Westphalia).
                    And then.

                    1. +1
                      29 August 2021 23: 24
                      0,3–0,5% C are already medium-carbon steels. It is difficult to obtain such puddling, let me remind you that this is the process of crystallization of iron in the molten cast iron around the embryo (scrap iron)

                      Quote: Undecim
                      And then.

                      This is the "and then" it is already the 1870s and later, when the opportunities provided by the converters appeared and began to be actively used. The first steel cannons of Krupp appeared at this time.
                      1. 0
                        30 August 2021 05: 03
                        To be honest, I did not understand what you wanted to "remind" me.
                      2. +1
                        30 August 2021 22: 46
                        Remember that puddling steel is almost pure, crystalline iron. And carbonizing it is not easy. laughing
                      3. 0
                        31 August 2021 00: 20
                        Although no, I'm lying. Not so easy, because the dough turned out there. From lumps of iron and interlayers of cast iron and slag. Therefore, they had to forge or press.
  4. +6
    29 August 2021 10: 39
    And it so happened that in the mid-60s, European armies decided to acquire new types of artillery pieces. Unlike the previous rifled, but still muzzle-loaded guns, breech-loading systems with rifled barrels made of steel were adopted. The reason is simple: the experience of the war between the North and the South and the spread of new metalworking technologies, which made it possible to establish the production of fairly cheap and durable steel. All this taken together gave a sharp leap in the development of artillery weapons.

    European armies decided to acquire new types of artillery in the mid-50s of the XNUMXth century, after the Crimean War.
    Here the British were ahead of all, who adopted the Armstrong system guns, developed three years earlier, into service in 1858.

    Armstrong no. 1 Gun. Discovery Museum, Newcastle.
    Another question is that the characteristics of the first guns, due to their design features (screw gates, loading system), did not impress the military, and the transition process lasted for almost two decades. The same British in 1865 abandoned breech-loading guns and returned to muzzle-loading ones. And the French entered the war with Prussia in 1870 with muzzle-loading artillery, although they already had a breech-loading Canon de 7 modèle 1867, though bronze.
    1. +3
      29 August 2021 12: 18
      Quote: Undecim
      The same British in 1865 abandoned breech-loading guns and returned to muzzle-loading ones. And the French entered the war with Prussia in 1870 with muzzle-loading artillery, although they already had a breech-loading Canon de 7 modèle 1867, though bronze.

      Well, well ... it happens! Hurry up with the "wunderwaves"! The preservation of muzzle-loading artillery was forced ... For the British, Armstrong's guns were simply "unfinished"! (the guns exploded ... unstabilized shells flew to the farm to catch butterflies ...) The French were "experiencing economic difficulties" ... so they left behind the "muzzle loading" ... they say, maybe it will cost! (It's like now .. .USA with "javelin"; and RF with "cornet" ...)
    2. +6
      29 August 2021 12: 21
      Quote: Undecim
      Canon de 7 modèle 1867, though bronze.

      hi sorry, I'm not strong in the Gali dialect, but it seems like 1873?
      https://www.fortiffsere.fr/artillerie/index_fichiers/Page826.htm
      What is interesting and remarkable, before the Franco-Prussian one, they managed to produce almost 2000 units, but they did not get into the troops. request
      1. +5
        29 August 2021 14: 56
        Le Canon de 7 modèle 1867 ou canon Trochu
        Made about 200 pieces, all were used in the defense of Paris. In 1870, production was discontinued. Canon Reffye de 85 mm from 1873 is the next model.

        "Le Canon de 7 modèle 1867", Colburn's United service magazine, mai 1872, p. 8-14.
  5. +10
    29 August 2021 11: 06
    Here in Russia at the end 60s of the XIX century the artillery received systems of several calibers with steel rifled barrels, wedge locks and iron carriages. Accordingly, new ammunition was also adopted for them, in which not gunpowder was used as a filling, but pyroxylin or melinite.

    Pyroxylin was put into service in 1875, but it became really widespread after 1891, when the first domestic plant for the production of this explosive was built.
    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stranitsy-istorii-porohodeliya-piroksilinovoe-porohodelie-pervye-shagi/viewer
    As for trinitrophenol (melinite), its production in Russia began in 1894, and before that it was used very limited. According to Shirokorad, the first batch of melinite shells hit the troops in 1889.
    In other words, in the 60s, neither pyroxylin nor melinite appeared in Russian shells. They got by with black powder.
    1. +3
      29 August 2021 12: 05
      Quote: Senior Sailor
      In other words, in the 60s, neither pyroxylin nor melinite appeared in Russian shells. They got by with black powder.

      A very correct and timely note! I give you a plus, despite the fact that you are ahead of me! ("Who got up earlier, that and slippers!" request )
  6. YOU
    +6
    29 August 2021 11: 18
    Great article! Many thanks to the author!
  7. +11
    29 August 2021 13: 12
    All the warships of the Russian Imperial Navy were armed with Baranovsky's landing guns, and as such they were actively used in the battles of the Russo-Japanese War and in the suppression of the uprising of the "Boxers" in China.

    In addition to the wheeled carriage, Baranovsky's naval gun could also be installed on the ship's pillar machine.

    Baranovsky's cannon on a ship rig on the Admiral Kornilov cruise missile.
    Or on a regular wheeled carriage (with wheels removed) - on boats.

    The machine was installed on a special pedestal, attached with three bolts to the deck (in the form of an equilateral triangle). The height of the axle of the trunnions from the deck was 1068 mm. To move the swinging part of the cannon from the naval pedestal to the wheeled landing carriage, it was required to unscrew only one bolt. The height of the axle of the pins on the wheeled carriage was 864 mm. On boats, the gun was mounted on a wheeled carriage. At the same time, the wheels were removed, and the ends of the carriage axle were placed in the iron pods, available in the boat's gunwale, and were covered with iron slabs. The rear end of the carriage trunk was attached to the bank with a rope. Thus, the gun could fire from a boat in a small bow sector.
    1. +3
      29 August 2021 15: 32
      On the left in the picture - nothing else but a part of the naval political officer (priest) is captured. Sanctified the weapon?
      1. +5
        29 August 2021 20: 59
        Quote: Aviator_
        On the left in the picture - nothing else but a part of the naval political officer (priest) is captured. Sanctified the weapon?

        So the priest was photographed. smile But now, thanks to the holy father, we have a detailed photograph of Baranovsky's cannon on the ship's machine.
        Here, by the way, is another photo of this gun on a ship's machine - on the CD "Vladimir Monomakh" (thanks to SW. Humus)
  8. +5
    29 August 2021 14: 27
    Quote: Undecim
    Does it have any fundamental significance in this case?

    And what do you think? Your words: 1.In the ** XIX - early XX century ** low-carbon steel was called iron; 2.My words: Duc, anyway (!) ... iron is low-carbon steel! Whatever you call it!;
    Your answer: Here is a practically obtained material. 0,001 percent impurities in total. Are you going to insist that this is a low carbon steel with a carbon content of 0,00016 percent? I don’t know exactly the start of production, but at least twenty years ago... As for technology, then the process is quite complex, multi-stage. That is, the electrolytic method ....? Pyrophoric in vacuum, hydrogen ...? That began to spread from the second half of the twentieth century! We started a "conversation" about the 0,001th-early XNUMXth centuries, and you have an "argument" from the end of the XNUMXth-beginning of the XNUMXst ...! In fairness, it is worth mentioning the "iron" centuries, earlier than the XNUMXth century ... And even now, at the beginning of the XNUMXst century, we keep talking: iron barrels, an iron shovel ... You will not argue that this means "iron with percentage purity: XNUMX% impurities "?
    1. +2
      29 August 2021 15: 34

      - Go, disputants, they will make peace with you there. (with) drinks
    2. 0
      29 August 2021 16: 07
      And what do you think?

      I think that you traditionally persist in your delusion, because your statement
      "Iron is low carbon steel! Whatever you call it!;"
      erroneously at any time interval.
      1. +1
        29 August 2021 18: 39
        Quote: Undecim
        I think that you traditionally persist in your delusion

        The same thing, I can address you too ...
  9. +3
    29 August 2021 17: 26
    Despite some rough edges, the article turned out very well. Thanks to the author!

    However, I would like to add, the main ammunition in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for field guns was considered to be diaphragm shrapnel. It is equipped not with pyroxylin but with black powder, which does not interfere with mowing hundreds and thousands of opponents. It is believed that the refusal of the Russian army from the Gatling cannons, which were in service at that time, is associated precisely with the emergence of rapid-firing breech-loading cannons. With the same weight, the fire performance of the same Baranovsky cannon is an order of magnitude higher.
  10. +4
    29 August 2021 17: 39
    I feel like stroking, isn't it? A shipborne assault weapon designed by Baranovsky. Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM
    stroked a couple of times)))) Secretly of course. so as not to set a bad example feel
  11. +8
    29 August 2021 18: 19
    If only someone expressed gratitude to Nikolai Mikhailov! He rode around this gun for about 20 minutes, taking pictures ...
    1. +4
      30 August 2021 10: 00
      He rode around this gun for about 20 minutes, taking pictures ...

      Once again, I tell you - without you, our photos do not work. request The lighting is good, with a flash, however, it turns out better, but it cannot be there.
      If the author had said - I sent him a photo of a grape-shot, but I shot there in Artillery, and without a flash - it turned out a little dull.
      1. +2
        30 August 2021 10: 07
        Quote: Pane Kohanku
        I tell you once again

        Hi! drinks Where did you disappear, what did you see?
        1. +3
          30 August 2021 10: 15
          Hey! drinks Where did you disappear, what did you see?

          Hey! Working! drinks
    2. +3
      30 August 2021 12: 23
      3x3zsave (Anton)
      Yesterday, 18: 19
      +6
      If only someone expressed gratitude to Nikolai Mikhailov! He rode around this gun for about 20 minutes, taking pictures ...


      The author and the administration of the site express their sincere gratitude to N. Mikhailov and A. Bazhin for the photographic materials they provided from the Central Naval Museum named after Emperor Peter the Great (TsVMM), St. Petersburg.
      Is it not enough?
      1. +2
        30 August 2021 12: 54
        For me personally, Vyacheslav Olegovich, even over the edge! I meant the readers' gratitude to Nikolai.
        1. +3
          30 August 2021 13: 28
          Well, you know, that's enough for you (for us) in total that they read us!
          1. +2
            30 August 2021 13: 30
            They don't read me. Don't read it yet.
            1. +2
              30 August 2021 13: 31
              Quote: 3x3zsave
              Don't read it yet.
              !!!! I'm waiting ...
  12. +3
    29 August 2021 18: 56

    European armies decided to acquire new types of artillery pieces

    The reason is simple: the experience of the war between North and South

    North and South of what ???
    Europe ???
    1. +1
      29 August 2021 21: 01
      Quote: V.A. Sh.
      North and South of what ???
      Europe ???

      Context is a great thing. smile In the 60s of the XIX century. the war between North and South was one.
      1. +4
        29 August 2021 21: 11
        It is a great thing to present information in such a way that there is no understatement.
        1. +1
          30 August 2021 12: 20
          In the 60s of the XIX century. the war between North and South was one. Or am I writing for kindergarten?
          1. 0
            30 August 2021 14: 09
            Yes, hike, kindergarten and "writes" ...
            1. -1
              30 August 2021 15: 33
              Quote: V.A. Sh.
              Yes, hike, kindergarten and "writes" ...

              O-wise YOUR came and pointed out everything to everyone! Yes, hike ugh on you!
  13. 0
    15 September 2021 22: 56
    Nice article, thanks. We can say that Grabin stood on the shoulders of Baranovsky.
  14. 0
    20 October 2021 07: 13
    2 "is 50,8mm and 2,5" is 63,5mm. Trishshch Voroshilov argued that artillery is an exact science! The main reason for the low rate of fire of the first breech-loading guns was the wedge bolt. The inconveniences of cap loading are not in the first place here. Baranovsky distinguished himself precisely by the design of his high-speed piston valve.

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