Dragon jump into the ocean. China's modern navy

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In general, historically, China with fleet always unlucky, built with great difficulty at the end of the 19th century, the steam fleet was destroyed by the Japanese, and attempts to revive it rested on money that was not there. Then there was the second Sino-Japanese war, where the Chinese fleet fought purely nominally. Yes, and in the PRC, things were not going very well - there was, of course, a successful landing on Hainan, but the fleet of the 40s-70s of the 20th century is a set of American (trophies from the Kuomintang), Soviet (seven destroyers reached until the 80s) and replicas of Soviet ships. And the TKA with medium diesel submarines, which looked good in the 50s, could have caused a pitiful smile by the year 1980. The navies of the USA and the USSR reigned on the seas, and the Pacific Fleet could defeat not only the Chinese fleet, but also China as a whole.

But everything flows, everything changes, and the collapse of the Land of Soviets and its fleet was the start for the Chinese Navy. The newest diesel submarines, Project 956 destroyers, the Varyag aircraft carrier, Su-33 carrier-based aircraft, communications, detection and weapons systems were exported by a wide river, and the Chinese, not suffering from the desire to get rid of the legacy of the damned past in the form of high-tech weapons and a unique design school , scooped up from this river as much as they could. And now it is quite interesting to compare the Chinese and Russian navies. Comparing the Pacific Fleet separately, reduced to a flotilla in terms of the number and serviceability of ships, is perhaps not worth it.



And we will start with the aircraft carriers, of which we have exactly one piece, and the piece is rather unfortunate and is under repair. The Chinese have a similar situation - both of their aircraft carriers are brothers of our "Kuznetsov", the only difference is that "Liaolin" (ex-Varyag, unlucky for our fleet with this name) is a twin brother, and "Shandong" is also a brother, but slightly improved. Their planes, the J-15 are also clones, but of unknown quality, in the hands of the Chinese there was only a prototype of the Su-33 from Nikolaev. The Chinese are still building, in total, according to the plans, they envisage the construction of six ships, and from the third - equipped with electromagnetic catapults, but how it will be in practice, no one knows. It is possible that all the rest will also be improved copies of project 1143.5. In the meantime, the PRC plans to use them in conjunction with the base aviation, which, as it were, hints at the absence of global plans at all. Whatever it was, against one "Kuzi" - two in the ranks, two in the building. In all of Europe, by the way, there are three full-fledged aircraft carriers.


The Chinese also have their own missile submarine, surrounded by a veil of secrecy. SSBNs of project 094 "Jin" are armed with solid-propellant ballistic missiles in the amount of 12-16 pieces, depending on the modification, there are six of them in service. Ships are controversial, especially of the first series, but, having a range of application weapons up to 8000 km, can operate quite comfortably near the coast of the country, covered by a surface fleet and coastal aviation. In addition to them, the construction of SSBNs of project 096 "Teng" with 24 ICBMs of a new type in service is underway. There is really no data, the secrecy in the PLA Navy is at the level of the best Soviet times. In any case, with the Yom Kippur weapon, the Russian Federation is better, so far better, in the case of the construction of six new SSBNs while maintaining the existing ones, the PRC, not bound by strategic arms limitation treaties, will receive a naval component of the strategic nuclear forces comparable to the Russian Federation and the United States. And this matter, taking into account the speed of Chinese shipbuilders, a maximum of ten years.

It is more difficult with multipurpose nuclear submarines - project 093 "Shan" submarines, designed with the help of Rubin engineers and carrying cruise missiles, there is, it is not clear how many there are in pieces, according to plans ten, six are reliably known. In addition, project 095 is being designed or built, again in an unknown quantity and with incomprehensible characteristics. We can cautiously assume that in the end the Chinese expect to have 20-30 multipurpose boats in service. Just for reference - the US is planning 32 Virginias, Russia is planning eight Ash trees. In terms of quality, of course, the Chinese will be inferior, especially in matters of noise and weapons, but the very fact of building a nuclear submarine fleet equal to the United States and soon surpassing the Russian one says a lot. And the quality of the PRC will improve, the shipbuilding school is a matter of time.

With diesel boats, the PRC is also not lagging behind. In addition to 12 Russian diesel-electric submarines of projects 877 (two pieces) and 636 (10 pieces), there are their own diesel-electric submarines of pr. 039 "Sun" in the amount of 13 pieces and NNS of project 041 in the amount of 20 pieces. At the exit, we have 45 diesel submarines, of which 20 are equipped with air-independent units, with which we have a complete zero. Six diesel submarines of the 636 project are planned for the Pacific Fleet. Taking into account the development by the Chinese of a replica of the Caliber and anti-ship missiles for submarines, it is a formidable force and capable of destroying any aggressor in the near sea zone, or striking the Kyrgyz Republic according to the type of our actions in Syria.


China's airborne forces are not big, they are just huge. So, it is planned to eight UDC with a displacement of up to 40 thousand tons, of which two are already in service. They do not carry airplanes, the Soviet Yak-38 VTOL aircraft are unlikely to interest the Chinese, and they did not get access to the Harriers, apart from a copy purchased from a collector. Work is underway there, but at what stage and how successfully ... China keeps its secrets. But helicopters, including those armed with light anti-ship missiles and UAVs, have a place to be. While we are PLANNING in 2027 (and the plans and reality are somewhat different in our country) to hand over two UDCs, the Chinese have passed a couple already, the rest are on the way. And the UDC is the very projection of power that the PRC is already capable of, we are not. And the Chinese still have a smaller UDC, project 071, in the amount of eight pieces. Four helicopters, two air-cushion vehicles and 800 Marines. Eight are already in the ranks. This is complemented by 30 TDK and 11 SDK. It is possible to compare the landing fleet of China ... with the US Navy, Russia will not have such a level in the foreseeable future.


China officially does not have cruisers, but the destroyers of Project 055 with a displacement of 13 tons and 000 airborne bombers are anything but destroyers. Eight, by the way. To them it is necessary to add 112 destroyers (25 + 17) 8D of 052 tons each and 7500 UVP cells and 64 older destroyers, including four of our 15, which for some reason the Chinese turned out to be quite suitable for operation and modernization. As a result, we have - 956 URO cruisers and 8 destroyers. Of course, the air defense system is a replica of the S-40 and the French Crotal, of course, the anti-ship missiles are not ideal, but every time they do it better and better ... they are already an order of magnitude ahead of our fleet.


In what China is especially strong, so in the light forces, given the fact that the PLA Navy emerged and developed as a coastal fleet. 32 Project 054 frigates each carrying 40 missiles (8 anti-ship missiles 32 missiles), 6 old frigates and 72 project 056 corvettes. Unlike us, sinners, the Chinese made a cheap and angry ship with 1300 tons of displacement, modular design and sharpened for anti-submarine defense ... It turned out well, a lot, affordable and effective. Looking at our torment with the concept of a corvette and the construction of ships, which are still rather light frigates, without closing the niche of the corvette, one can only use foul language.

And the cherry on top of the PLA Navy's cake is Project 901 ocean support ships, while two more, it seems to me, are actively building, according to the number of aircraft carriers. They are complemented by 8 supply ships and three reconnaissance ships. And two more hospital ships, ten weapons transports, 5 ocean and 8 sea tugs, four icebreaker reconnaissance ships.

The Chinese are also working on strategic UAVs, both reconnaissance and strike. In general, it is controversial with aviation there - for example, the Chinese still keep in service the modernized Tu-16s, which they called Xian H-6. But at the same time, we have our own AWACS aircraft, including the study of deck and its own fleet of tankers. It's just a matter of time, the country that created the nuclear submarine and aircraft carrier fleets will cope.

China also has a good base - 12 bases in different regions of the Indian Ocean. In Tikhiy, for obvious reasons, the interests of the PRC do not extend very far, but this is fixable if there is money, political will and ships. In the Pacific and Indian oceans, the PRC is already capable of butting with the US Navy, I'm not talking about Russia, we are hopelessly behind the PLA Navy. The paradox is that our individual weapons systems are better, the school is stronger, and there are few ships. So the 21st century will be marked by the naval confrontation between China and the United States, and in this fight (God forbid, cold) we can only join one of the parties. The most offensive thing is that the Chinese fleet grew out of the Soviet fleet, the very one that we happily sawed, because it is ineffective and useless.
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  1. +3
    6 July 2021 06: 25
    But we have a larger fleet of oligarchs' yachts.
    1. -1
      10 July 2021 11: 58
      There is no need to rock these same yachts and loosen the clamps.)
  2. +1
    6 July 2021 06: 46
    Empires die and are born.
    Their fleet, rightly said, should be compared with the United States, but not with ours. We don't even have anything more than 22350 in our plans.
    22350 is a good frigate, but 6–8 are planned. The main focus of domestic shipbuilding is on vessels mrk 21631, 22800, corvette 20380. Although probably our military doctrine does not provide for the construction of cruisers and destroyers.
  3. -1
    6 July 2021 07: 14
    ... and the thing is pretty unfortunate ...

    And who decided this?
    Quite a worthy ship for its time. And with proper operation and timely modernization, it would confidently sail the seas to this day.
    ... and under renovation.

    What does the ship or the project have to do with it?
    In all of Europe, by the way, there are three full-fledged aircraft carriers.

    A full-fledged one.
    The British castrated their own on the stocks ...
    In any case, the Russian Federation has a better weapon of the Yom Kippur, while it's better ...

    And it will be better for a long time.
    ... in the case of the construction of six new SSBNs while maintaining the existing ones, the PRC, not bound by strategic arms limitation treaties, will receive a naval component of the strategic nuclear forces comparable to the Russian Federation

    If only quantitatively ...
    Harder with multipurpose nuclear submarines

    Nuclear submarines and aircraft engines are two "main Chinese pains" ...
    It is possible to compare the landing fleet of China ... with the US Navy, Russia will not have such a level in the foreseeable future.

    And Russia doesn't need him like that.
    First you need to triple the population and increase the economy tenfold ...
    In the Pacific and Indian oceans, the PRC is already capable of butting with the US Navy

    Oh ...
    If only in dreams ...
    If they do not stop, then in 15 years, maybe.
    1. +4
      6 July 2021 08: 24
      Premier League


      China's nuclear submarine problems were based on a bottleneck - a nuclear shipyard from the late Mao era. However, in 2019, the second stage was commissioned, and the third is under construction.




      Nobody knows what is being built at the new plant and will not know for another year or two. Here, for comparison, their forge of the nuclear fleet - Old Facility.
      1. 0
        6 July 2021 08: 43
        Quote: donavi49
        China's problems with nuclear submarines were based on a narrow neck - a nuclear shipyard from the time of late Mao ...

        The problems are not only where to build, but what to build and how. It seems that China has enough technical problems in nuclear shipbuilding ...
        1. +6
          6 July 2021 09: 00
          Well, they couldn't use their 1000-step strategy before. That is, we take a ship - put it on a series, and gradually improve it.

          Now they can apply this strategy. They will start rolling out 2-3 nuclear-powered ships a year, albeit weak ones. And there in 10 years, not so weak, but lagging behind 4 generations. But in terms of quantity, like Virginiek.

          The same can be traced in the surface fleet. Here is a destroyer from 2000. The most powerful ship built in China at the time. 16 RCC Exocet + SAM Krotal - almost Iranian level. And then China mastered it 1 piece.


          But the modern destroyer 055 - 20 years have passed. And a series of 16 ships at a wild rate at 2 shipyards.

          1. +4
            6 July 2021 09: 29
            Quote: donavi49
            They will start rolling out 2-3 nuclear-powered ships a year, albeit weak ones. And there after 10 years, not so weak ...

            This is yes. And the Americans knew about this, which is why modern PLO aircraft are spreading around the world "like hot cakes" ...

            Quote: donavi49
            But the modern destroyer 055 - 20 years have passed ...

            This is normal. Projects 627 "Kit" and 941 "Shark" were also 20 years apart ... But the difference was even more stunning, and there was no place to wait for help to Soviet designers, to copy and buy - too ... So, if you figure it out, then The PRC is now even in more "greenhouse" conditions than the USSR once was. Competent leadership and many years of hard work - this is what the Chinese cannot refuse. They go to their dream, and woe to all of us if they come to it ...
  4. +8
    6 July 2021 08: 54
    J-15 are also clones, but of unknown quality


    They carry a new avionics package, a radar approximately equal to Barsik (and AFAR on fresh prototypes), two anti-ship missiles similar to Exoset. This is something that the Su-33 cannot, does not have.


    It is possible that all the others will also be improved copies of project 1143.5


    Excluded, because 3 aircraft carrier without a springboard and 3 catapults. Well, for the second month now, photos from him have been published every week.


    If you circulate rumors, then the fourth will be built according to the A (improved) project in Dalian already in 22 year (in fact, 001A still allowed China to have 2 shipyards with competencies for the construction of aircraft carriers), but the fifth will be built in 22-24 in Shanghai already atomic.

    So, it is planned eight UDC with a displacement of up to 40 thousand tons, of which two are already in service


    Instead of the fourth, they laid down 071E for Thailand, and the second part was packed with a pack of frigates. Probably the rumors about the finalization of the UDC / UAV project of the aircraft carrier are true.

    smaller, project 071, in the amount of eight pieces


    Here are 3 UDCs and a mortgage set (in a nearby dock with a bunch of frigates) 9 - 071, although it is unique, according to the 071E project and is being built for Thailand. The first Chinese large warship of this size from scratch (and not from stock) for export.


    But the movie about the UDC is not bad, like a Chinese Star.


    Eight pieces, by the way


    Not. If we talk about included in the composition, then 3 - Nanchang, Lhasa and Dalian. If we talk about plans, then it's already 16 officially.

    French Crotal


    They are actively being uprooted from old destroyers 051/052 in refit. Crotal went down in history. Air defense of ships is provided by the following air defense systems:
    - HHQ-9, they made their missiles there, using their own fuel (but for solid fuel they are very much even in the top, especially when compared with the USSR in the 80s), a whole family. Including attempts to make your own Standard-3. Actually, this is the destroyer air defense system. Like the old ones with drums. And new ones with universal cells.
    - HHQ-16. Calm-1 in the WPU. The main caliber of refined destroyers (956 and 051/052 from Krotal), the main caliber of frigates (on 11356 - 24 missiles, but on 054A - 32).
    - HHQ-10. Dostrel, Chinese version of RIM-116. Made on the basis of their ultra-light airborne missile system for helicopters. Which, in turn, is a cross between MANPADS and a smaller Chinese Sayda. Unfortunately, the Russian Navy does not have such a complex. And you have to put either a heavy expensive Armor or Flexible with conventional MANPADS. The main caliber of corvettes 056 and completed on destroyers (24 missiles are quite good, so something)

    ocean support ships of project 901


    Yes, each AUG will have a dedicated integrated high-speed gas-gas turbine (in terms of power, identical to destroyers 055) supply.
  5. +6
    6 July 2021 09: 01
    When they talk and show about China, then you understand - mediocrities rule here!
  6. -4
    6 July 2021 11: 12
    Someone went on ships of Chinese construction, how they are in operation. Even my friends do not speak happily about them. I mean mechanics. In terms of quantity, yes, they are ahead of the rest.
    1. 0
      6 July 2021 11: 25
      We have Chinese-built vessels in our company. And yet - yes, frankly bad steel of Chinese quality. The engine room requires mechanics with "2 meter long arms and three elbows" to service the mechanisms.
      But everything depends on the price - the ships of the same project, made at the shipyards of Europe and China, do not differ from the outside. And the price of the "Chinese" is noticeably lower. On closer inspection, it turns out that "the devil is in the details." As an example - Chinese jili and tiggo on our roads, made in the likeness of Volkswagen, Toyota and WWII. Cheaper than the originals from which they were copied, but just as unreliable.
      1. -2
        6 July 2021 11: 36
        Here I am about the same, I went to a Soviet fisherman. The designer of the refrigeration department, in the afterlife, was spinning like a fan for his miracle. The Europeans made ships for the crew. The Chinese adopted this culture when building their ships for the Navy. The Americans first make a full-size compartment (layout). there a team and until the team says everything is convenient, they don't produce it in metal, although when the norg dived near Bergen, every eerie looking like PVC pipes sticking out of the hole. This is how the Spaniards built.
        1. +2
          6 July 2021 11: 42
          Quote: tralflot1832
          Even though when the norg dived near Bergen, every eerie looking like PVC pipes protruded from the hole.

          Norway makes good steamers. But - they turn out to be expensive.
          In recent years, the Turks have been actively building ships to anyone who asks. And they are good at it.
          1. 0
            6 July 2021 11: 49
            Yes, I heard that Norrebo the head with X ordered us from the Turks, it was successful. Many fishermen order firebrands in Turkey, and then sprinkle our grief of shipbuilders from the Turks it turned out as we want, and you whip us as you can. The program of quotas under the keel is under threat, bravura the speeches have subsided, and I am very upset and angry.
  7. The comment was deleted.
    1. -2
      6 July 2021 15: 57
      Quote: Serhi
      During the 20th century, how many times has the balance of power changed in the world and at sea?

      By the way, yes ... Britain, Germany, USA, Japan, USSR ...
  8. -1
    6 July 2021 15: 21
    The Japanese dragon has already jumped ...
  9. -1
    6 July 2021 23: 33
    I urge you not to sprinkle ashes on your heads and not get upset. All outstanding Russian naval commanders from the time of Ushakov to Gorshkov had an innovative approach to the military. business. They were creative in their approach to the problems. Now all over the world there is a tendency to increase the mobility of warships. Aircraft carriers and surface ships in the classic design are gradually becoming obsolete. Nowadays, the usual surface ships are being replaced by ships with dynamic means of supporting ships above the water. Russia has a decent start in this direction. Imagine if ekranoplanes appear instead of ordinary ships in Russia. The greater mobility of these ships will significantly increase the efficiency of the navy. The tactics of warfare at sea will also change. Ocean ekranoplanes will become the new masters of the ocean space and will blow to shreds all the fleets of the world with obsolete aircraft carriers that are the pride of the United States. Underwater and surface drones will greatly increase the autonomy and efficiency of warships. Now the fleet is on the verge of revolution, like a breakthrough into space. Due to the innovative approach of S.P. Korolev, the USSR overtook all the countries of the world in space. The use of ekranoplanes and non-aerial vehicles will allow Russia to save trillions of rubles and become a leader in the construction of a modern navy. Good luck everyone. Go for it, men!
  10. +1
    7 July 2021 16: 46
    All on the facts, do not find fault, only especially stubborn s will try to say something.
  11. 0
    10 July 2021 12: 45
    The author clearly does not understand such a simple thing as economics. In the 90s there was 0 money. Therefore, everything turned into scrap metal. and in any case would have turned. Indeed, on the enthusiasm of conscripts and a cheap slave of power, it would not have been possible to maintain clever teznologies. Now there is not as much money as the United States and China. If the author draws attention to the GDP of China and the United States, it is about 20 trillion. In Russia, I don't remember like 3 or less. Obviously, the costs are 7 times less. In the long term, China gets an even larger fleet from compound interest because it invests earlier in development and construction. And if we understand correctly how the economy works, then obviously we need to invest not in ships and airplanes, but in production. The more production facilities and sales markets are now set up, the more ships will be built in the future. And even more so why does Russia need so many transports? To make it beautiful), now obviously you just need ships of all zones for a layered defense. And support ships. Desirable minimum costs and the simplest construction
  12. 0
    21 August 2021 10: 46
    Do not scold Sarych, for his time he was quite at the level. And modernization. the potential is there.

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