The "third" side of the coin

79

"Dust of the Ages"


Military awards have existed for a very long time, they were most clearly identified among the Romans, especially after the reform of Guy Mary. Roman "dona militaria" included a variety of distinctions: wreaths of various degrees (coronae), flags (vexilla), honorary spears not used in combat (hasta pura), necklaces (torques), bracelets (armillae) and medals (phalerae).

Roman phalerae (phalerae, phalera) are large and small plates of a round or oval shape. In ancient Rome, they were originally used to decorate horse harness, and later - as a military award, which can be considered the ancient forerunner of modern medals.




Speaking about the appearance of orders, we must again remember historywhere the word "order" came from the knights. All modern orders, one way or another, owe their appearance to the medieval communities of knights.

The Warriors of Christ (milites Christi) are the knights of the countries of medieval Europe.

The first such knightly orders appeared at the end of the early Middle Ages, from the beginning of the Crusades, which united knight-monks. Initially, the concept of "order" and meant a group of people bound by a common vow and common goal.

The organizations of the knights of the period of the Crusades (XI-XIII centuries) were under the leadership of the Catholic Church. The main task was to control the borders of the Christian world, protect the pilgrims on the way to the Holy Land, the crusades themselves and other campaigns in the interests of the church.

For example, the Order of Bethlehem, the Teutonic Order, the Order of Alcantara, the Order of Calatrava, the Order of the Johannites, the Templars and others belonged to the spiritual and knightly orders. Knightly orders had their own rituals and symbols.

The figure shows the Knights of Malta, known as the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem (John of Jerusalem), and photos of modern representatives of the order.

The "third" side of the coin


It is interesting that the knightly order of the Johannites was connected with Russia by Emperor Paul I, who received the title of Protector of the Order of Malta and the insignia. In addition to the emperor, a number of high-ranking officials in Russia were awarded the order, including the sons of Paul, Nikolai Pavlovich and Konstantin Pavlovich. To this we can add that after the capture of Malta by the French and the expulsion of the representatives of the order from it, Emperor Paul was even elected Grand Master of the order.

After the assassination of Emperor Paul I by the conspirators, the order will remain part of the Russian award system, taking a special place in it - this order in importance will stand behind the Order of St. Anne of the first degree.

In the photo, the cross of the Order of Malta of St. John of Jerusalem, Empress Maria Feodorovna.


Birth of orders in Russia


Orders, as a reward, began to be approved and awarded for special services in most countries of the world.

The main differences between the orders are in the history of their origin, in purpose and in the way they are motivated. What all orders have in common is that the order grants its owner certain privileges and an honorable position in society.

The following elements were mainly used: the sign of the order, the star, the ribbon and the order's clothes.

Each order had its own charter and motto, representing the organization of the knights of the order. The head of the order, as a rule, was the highest official of the state. The order established official ceremonies and a holiday of the day of the order.

I would like to consider the birth of Russian orders in more detail.

The era of Peter I gave Russia the first two domestic orders: Andrew the First-Called (1698) and St. Catherine (1714).

The third - the Order of Alexander Nevsky (1725), was established by Empress Catherine I after the death of her husband. The order became an award one step lower than the order of St. Andrew the First-Called.

The fourth - the military order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George (1769) was established by Catherine II, becoming an order that could only be obtained for military exploits.

Fifth - the Imperial Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir (1782), Catherine II approved for the 20th anniversary of her reign.

The rest of the orders were supplemented by Russian awards later, mainly borrowed awards (the already mentioned Maltese Cross, the dynastic award of the Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp - St. Anne, Polish - the White Eagle, St. Stanislaus and Virtuti militari).

In total, ten different orders in the Russian Empire will actually be used, including the early awards of the Maltese cross and occasionally Virtuti militari (for suppressing the uprising in Poland in 1831).

These orders were enough for all distinctions in the service of Russia.

The orders had their own status and rank, highlighting the recipient.

In addition, the awarding of one order or another gave various privileges, for example, the appropriation of the nobility.

So, in Russia (until 1826), the assignment of an order of any degree gave the right to receive hereditary nobility.

However, starting in 1845, only those who were awarded the Orders of St. Vladimir and St. George (of any degree) received the right of hereditary nobility, while other orders required the award of the highest first degree.

In the future (decree of May 28, 1900), those awarded the order of the fourth degree of St. Vladimir already received the rights of only personal, and not hereditary nobility.

For example - the image of the Order of St. Vladimir from IV to I degree and the star of the order. The star was worn in the presence of the first degree of the order (the Order of St. George had a star for the second degree).


The order of the first degree is depicted on the shoulder ribbon on the left (while the star of the order replaced the order on the chest), the second and third degree - on the neck ribbon (the order of the third degree is smaller and lower), the fourth degree - on the last, was worn on the chest (bottom right) ... For military merits, crossed swords were added to the order (the same was done for the orders of St. Anne and St. Stanislav).

With the subsequent awarding of the same order of a higher degree, if not for military merits, then the swords were located in the upper part of the order, emphasizing the previous award. As a rule, more often only the senior degree of the order was worn.

The orders of St. George, St. Anne and St. Stanislaus also had degrees from the fourth to the first (after 1839 this order had only three degrees). Together with the Order of St. Vladimir, this was the prevalence of the main orders of the Russian Empire, with similar proportions of the sizes of orders and the way they were worn (on the chest, neck, shoulder strap).

It is interesting to note that the Order of St. Anne of the fourth degree differed from other orders, it was often located on weapons (premium Anninsky weapon).


There was one more nuance in the award system - on orders for non-Christians, the image of saints was replaced by a two-headed eagle.

The photo shows the collectible stylization of orders and order stars of the Russian Empire (they were included in the collection, on the bottom right - the insignia of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga (1913) and the White Guard Order of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (1920)).


Great and funny


In the USSR, as in the countries that emerged as a result of revolutions and wars for independence, orders of a new type are characteristic. This type of orders is distinguished by its democratic awarding and free from monarchical elitism, nevertheless having common origins.

The first order of the USSR was the Order of the Red Banner (1924), which inherited its origins from the Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR (1918). The second was the Order of Lenin (1930), which became the highest award of the USSR along with the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union medal.

In total, 20 orders and two gold medals of Heroes were used in the USSR, plus 55 medals, 19 honorary titles. The photo shows a collectible stylization of Soviet orders and two stars of Heroes.


The most decorated man of the Soviet Union was Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev: four times the Hero of the Soviet Union and twice the Hero of Socialist Labor, eight Orders of Lenin, the Order of Victory, two Orders of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner and many other Soviet and foreign awards.


Our North Korean friends had someone to take an example from here.


How great can become funny and ridiculous? Probably so…

Awards are a mirror of achievements and deeds. When rewards are devalued, making them an adornment, a fetish, the idea itself is devalued. Is it about the number of awards and, if not, then what?

We look at the old images. Here is General Brusilov.


Head Captain Nesterov.


Russian sergeant major, full Knight of St. George of the First World War.


Are they all lesser heroes than our dear Leonid Ilyich was?

Ever since the Roman legions, great importance in the army was acquired not by the material value of the award itself, but by the very assessment of military merits. And really deserved. And the importance of the assessment was determined not so much by civil society as a whole, but by the colleagues themselves and the command. In the view of legionnaires, the respect of comrades - the prestigious value of military awards, far exceeded their monetary value.

In this, we also need a well-thought-out system of awards and incentives, from the highest orders to badges and honorary fasteners, sleeve patches, award ribbons, even honorary army bracelets. Plus award-winning weapons, the privilege of wearing a certain uniform or additional parts in it.

This should ensure distinction in awards without allowing devaluation of the highest awards. In addition, the orders themselves could have additions that increase their status, excluding repeated awards.

For example: the German Knight's Cross assumed only supplementary pendants like oak leaves, oak leaves with swords and oak leaves with swords and diamonds. At the same time, there was one wearable order, only the pendants changed.

In the photo there is a pendant "Oak Leaves with Swords and Diamonds" to the order.

The order was attached to the pendant from below, a neck ribbon was threaded through the pendant from the back, like through a ring.


It was also not easy to receive the Russian Order of St. George. In the photo - the Order of St. George III degree on a neck ribbon threaded through the ring.


In general, no one wore two identical orders around their necks, twice the same degree was not awarded. An exception can be considered "soldier George", but this is already a reward of a different status and a phenomenon that was more manifested at the very end of the degrading empire.

Awards of modern Russia


It is gratifying that among the awards of the Russian Federation, in fact, there are revived orders, for example, the Order of St. George (since August 8, 2000), but at the same time it is a pity that the real military order of the Red Star has sunk into oblivion. They could have kept it, if only for the fact that many of our soldiers and officers received it, both during the war years and after. This order has been washed in the blood of heroic deeds, and there should not be anything for the sake of bourgeois ideology.

Now in the Russian Federation there are 16 main orders, plus the Star of the Hero of the Russian Federation and the Star of the Hero of Labor of the Russian Federation, to which there are about 63 medals. To all this - a lot of departmental and religious awards. In the photo there are stamps with images of all orders and stars of the Russian Federation.


We even have comic awards that you can buy in the store.


At the same time, one should not be surprised at such an appearance of awards and distinctions among those who are popularly called "mummers", with a constant "iconostasis" on their chest, for beauty and solidity from "everything that was" and did not exist.


One should not be surprised at such a well-known phenomenon that the army endlessly gave birth to the work of its weary "old-time heroes" awaiting the cherished demobilization.


Such individuals not only dishonor themselves, even without realizing it, but also discredit their commanders, the armed forces themselves.

The abundance of various commemorative medals and the appearance of "gift" awards also hardly strengthens the reputation of the award system and the government itself.


Probably, one can rejoice for the "king" of pop music (Order of Honor), as well as the decree of the President of the Russian Federation (of March 24, 2014), according to which the head of Gazprom Miller and the head of Sberbank Gref were awarded the Orders of Alexander Nevsky ...

Apparently, one must believe that worthy people were given well-deserved awards.

Like a maroon beret


Is it possible, instead of the well-known "creativity" of our fighters in anticipation of demobilization, to make sure that there is a legitimate incentive, both to the elements of prestige in clothing and to a special status?

This could be given not by tastelessly invented decorations of the form, but, again, legalized stripes, chevrons, aiguillettes, the right to wear which would have to be earned, such as, for example, a maroon beret.


Starting with small things, you can strive to ensure that the military or civil awards themselves are a real achievement in serving the Fatherland, and not a semblance of gifts, decoration or formal attention to merit.

And yet, without in the least belittling the feats of our people, their labor and military merits, it’s hard for me personally to understand how you can be a hero of your country more than once? In this, how is it that “four times a hero” is more a hero than three times? So, theoretically, with such an approach, a “hundredfold hero” may appear ... In fact, this is “blurring” the very meaning of the heroic deed. You are either a hero or you are not. You are either a man or you are not.

Naturally, no one should be left without a well-deserved reward, but rewards should be differentiated. We need a clear line between duty and heroism, professional duty and something that requires special distinction.

Maybe you shouldn't distribute orders for various anniversaries or cover up the mistakes of the command to comfort widows and mothers, but have strict norms and principles that separate selfless courage from self-preservation, material assistance or bonus rewards from the very awarding of the order, military, civil or political?

Rewards are a very important question, when we deal with all this - I suppose it will be easier to deal with everything else.
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  1. +11
    24 June 2021 11: 08
    The abundance of various commemorative medals and the appearance of "gift" awards also hardly strengthens the reputation of the award system and the government itself.
    This is not the greatest harm to the reputation of the authorities, but sometimes, looking at the screen, you want to spit.
    1. +17
      24 June 2021 11: 21
      Yeltsin began this lewdness when he awarded the tennis player Chesnokov with the Order of Courage for winning a match (the Kremlin Cup seems to be). All the officers were spitting then.
      1. NKT
        0
        25 June 2021 12: 12
        You are mistaken, it all began after the Second World War, when for the length of service they began to give both KZ and BKZ, then our leaders began to hang the Star of the Hero and other orders for each other on anniversaries. So it started.
    2. BAI
      +11
      24 June 2021 11: 28
      Anniversary medals - figs with them. What would the child not amuse himself. But when military awards are given for the anniversary, it does not go into any gate.
      1. +18
        24 June 2021 11: 32
        Quote: BAI
        But when military awards are given on the occasion of the anniversary, this does not go into any gate.


        I absolutely agree.

        In the article, a claim was made against Brezhnev, but Leonid Ilyich fought without fools, but on what fronts did the head of the Russian Guard, for example, fight?
        1. BAI
          +16
          24 June 2021 11: 40
          But Patrushev and his children are just a family dynasty of holders of the Order of Honor.
        2. +14
          24 June 2021 13: 15
          He is "devoted to the Tsar-Emperor without flattery." (C) And that was quite enough. request
          1. +12
            24 June 2021 16: 26
            He is "devoted to the Tsar-Emperor without flattery." (C) And that was quite enough.

            The one who really historically received this title, was, for all its flaws, extremely honest ... what If Pavel had managed not to quarrel with the faithful Arakcheev, he would have lived much longer. sad
            And now, Uncle Kostya, look at the famous portrait of Arakcheev by Dow's workshop.



            What's on his neck? This is a portrait of Tsar Alexander Palych, a la order. So, the emperor awarded him with his portrait in a setting of precious stones. Arakcheev he took out the stones and returned them to the treasury. stop And the portrait - yes, I wore it with pleasure. Yes
            A plus. The dynasty was the only baron at first, then Count Arakcheev did not leave. And his exemplary Gruzino estate was transferred to the treasury, and was given to the Novgorod Cadet Corps.
            Here is such a ... "learned for copper pennies" figure! drinks
            By the way, the description of Alexei Andreevich as "looking like a big monkey in a uniform" is definitely from Sablukov, who wrote his memoirs much later, and in English. This epithet wanders from one work to another. Either he came to literature precisely after the translations of Sablukov's notes (late 19th century), or Arakcheev was often called so behind the back even under Alexander. request
          2. +11
            24 June 2021 16: 49
            And there is another case ... wink
            At the recently opened personally by the President of the monument to Alexander III in Gatchina ... the "peacemaker" instead of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was "awarded" the Star of David (my Israeli colleagues, please do not be offended for humor!). drinks I don't even know whether to cry or laugh .. wassat

            The error was noticed, ridiculed and corrected ... lol
            https://iz.ru/1174958/2021-06-06/ispravlena-oshibka-na-pamiatnike-aleksandru-iii-v-gatchine
            Now the tsar has a "correct order". Yes
            1. +6
              24 June 2021 18: 20
              Funny, I didn't know. smile drinks
        3. +17
          24 June 2021 13: 48
          But on what fronts did the head of the Russian Guard, for example, fight?
          And in general, of course, they devalued the awards in the eyes of the people - we see who they are given out to for no reason ..
        4. +10
          24 June 2021 13: 52
          I rely so on the internal ones.
        5. +6
          24 June 2021 14: 45
          Brezhnev, of course, fought, but the Order of Victory to Major General ???
        6. +4
          24 June 2021 17: 46
          In the article, a claim was made against Brezhnev, but Leonid Ilyich fought without fools

          The bulk of the orders fell on Brezhnev from the mid-70s, when he was already ill and was thinking less and less. And no one stopped this lewdness until his death.
          1. +1
            26 June 2021 23: 11
            Quote: Aviator_
            And no one stopped this lewdness until his death.

            My grandfather served from May 1941 to 1943, injured his leg on the anti-infantry-commissary. Was awarded ZO and ZBZ ..
            When in 1985 they handed out to everyone the "Patriotic War" also gave ..
            He spat and never put on his own.
            Never.....
      2. +15
        24 June 2021 11: 37
        Quote: BAI
        Anniversary medals - figs with them. What would the child not amuse himself. But when military awards are given for the anniversary, it does not go into any gate.

        And the labor? Rotenberg is a labor hero! Someone has no conscience!
        1. +4
          24 June 2021 12: 28
          Immediately I remembered the verse:
          "The Cossack was walking somewhere into the distance ..."
          laughing
    3. 0
      24 June 2021 11: 29
      Looking at the photo of this "demobilization" I remember the SA, they also adorned the demobilization uniform, but it never came to such idiocy. Yes, and the first patrol would have brought this demobilization into good shape.
      Putin can be respected or not, everyone has their own opinion. But he himself does not bear any awards, although I think he does. For this one thing to him. +
      And there was a joke about Brezhnev.
      He had an operation to expand his breasts.
      1. +12
        24 June 2021 12: 12
        Maybe there is no need to touch Leonid Ilyich, or do you think the political instructors were sitting out in the rear? The fact that the last years began, so simply no one wanted to change the government.
        As for the luggage carrier, are you serious about the awards?
        1. 0
          24 June 2021 12: 54
          Not about the war years Brezhnev had in mind, but about the last years of his life, this was no longer a normal person could not understand.
          Maybe I'm a little weak in my mind, or I don't understand humor well, but explain to the wretched one what carriers of suitcases are we talking about?
      2. +4
        24 June 2021 17: 55
        Quote: Blacksmith 55
        Putin can be respected or not, everyone has their own opinion. But he himself does not bear any awards, although I think he does.

        State awards of V.V. Putin:
        Soviet and Russian:
        • Order of Honor (March 12, 1996) - for services to the state and great contribution to the arrangement of the customs border with the Baltic states [1]
        • Order "Badge of Honor" [2]
        • Order of Merit for the Republic of Dagestan (September 13, 2014) [3]
        Foreign:
        Bronze Medal "For Merit" of the National People's Army of the GDR (Bronzene Verdienstmedaille der Nationalen Volksarmee; 1988)
        • Order of Ho Chi Minh (Huân chương Hồ Chí Minh; 2001, Vietnam) [4]
        • Gold Medal of the Parliament of Greece (2001) [5]
        • Order "Altyn Kyran" (Altyn Kyran Order; 2004, Kazakhstan)
        • Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honor (Grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur; 2006, France) [6], [7]
        • Gold medals of the Senate and the Congress of the General Cortes (2006, Spain) [8]
        • Order of King Abdelaziz (2007, Saudi Arabia) [9]
        • Order of Ismoili Somoni first degree (2007, Tajikistan) [10]
        • Order of Zayed (2007, UAE)
        • Order "Buyuk xizmatlari uchun" (Buyuk xizmatlari uchun; 2008, Uzbekistan) [11]
        • Saxon "Order of Gratitude" (German "Dankesorden", January 16, 2009, Saxony) [12]
        • Order of the Precious Rod with Pearls (Mong. "Erdenein Ochir", 2009, Mongolia) [13] [14] [15] [16]
        • Grand Chain of the Order of the Liberator (April 2, 2010, Venezuela) [17]
        • Large chain of the Order of the Republic of Serbia (25 February 2013 [18] [19]
        • Order of Friendship of Peoples (March 15, 2013, Belarus) [20]
        • Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Charles (October 4, 2013, Monaco) [21] [22].
        • Order of Jose Marti (July 11, 2014, Cuba) [23].
        • Order of the Republic of Serbia I degree (October 16, 2014) [24].
        • Commemorative medal in honor of the 75th anniversary of the victory at Khalkhin Gol. (September 3, 2014) [25]
        Departmental:
        • medals "For impeccable service" of the KGB of the USSR, II and III degrees
        • Commemorative medal "To the participant of the march-throw on June 12, 1999 Bosnia-Kosovo" made of silver (Ministry of Defense of Russia, 2000) [26]
        • Commemorative medal of A. M. Gorchakov (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, 2001)
        Religious:
        • Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Grand Duke Vladimir I degree (2002, ROC)
        • Order "Holy Tsar Boris" (2003, Bulgarian Orthodox Church) [27]
        • Order "Sheikh ul-Islam" (2006, Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Caucasus) [28]
        • Order of Glory and Honor (2007, ROC) [29]
        • Order of St. Sergius of Radonezh I degree (ROC) [30]
        • Order of Saint Sava I degree (2011, SOC) [31] [32]
        Public:
        • Medal "Salvation" (2005, Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia) [33].
        • Medal "Russian-Kyrgyz friendship" (2011, Coordinating Council of the Russian Unification Union of Compatriots (ROSS) in Kyrgyzstan) [34].
        1. +5
          24 June 2021 20: 34
          Quote: Captain45
          Commemorative medal "To the participant of the march-throw on June 12, 1999 Bosnia-Kosovo" made of silver (Ministry of Defense of Russia, 2000) [26]

          I did not hear that he was a participant in it - some kind of absurdity. It is not even clear who could have thought of giving him a medal with that name.
          1. 0
            24 June 2021 23: 40
            Quote: ccsr
            Quote: Captain45
            Commemorative medal "To the participant of the march-throw on June 12, 1999 Bosnia-Kosovo" made of silver (Ministry of Defense of Russia, 2000) [26]

            I did not hear that he was a participant in it - some kind of absurdity. It is not even clear who could have thought of giving him a medal with that name.

            Why not? Firstly ... as far as I remember (I am too lazy to go online) he was the prime minister (in the modern sense), and he made decisions! What and when will we know in years ...? And the medal already speaks!
            1. +1
              25 June 2021 11: 23
              Quote: non-primary
              Firstly ... as far as I remember (I am too lazy to go online) he was the prime minister (in the modern sense), and he made decisions!

              So if the birth rate of children increases in the country, then the prime minister should be given the title "Mother-heroine", because his actions led to an increase in this indicator?
              Quote: non-primary
              And the medal already speaks!

              This is just a profanation, and he fell for the words of various sycophants, and as a result, smart people immediately realized that he was framed, but he did not notice it.
  2. +7
    24 June 2021 11: 18
    Test article.
    Smiled at the title of Hero of Labor, what, capitalist?
    1. +3
      24 June 2021 12: 01
      I agree, the first name that came to mind was Abramovich, that's for sure - the absolute Hero of Labor. laughing
      1. -1
        24 June 2021 12: 06
        They would call something differently, such as a Badge of Honor (for discoveries in science), or better money laughing
        1. +6
          24 June 2021 12: 16
          Here Filya received the Order of Honor for unknown discoveries. Order bearer, his mother. laughing negative
          1. -1
            24 June 2021 12: 22
            I absolutely agree with you
          2. +2
            24 June 2021 13: 26
            "Honor" to him for "respect" ... crying
            All the rest "Horseradish canteen" from the campaign "Maheev" or "Sloboda", which is "live food".
            1. +9
              24 June 2021 13: 33
              You offend me, dear, they thought about us too. laughing
    2. 0
      24 June 2021 12: 06
      Do they not work under capitalism?
      1. +3
        24 June 2021 12: 26
        It is understood that under socialism the individual works for the common good and it should be noted, under capitalism for himself or the owner, for which he pays bonuses
        1. -7
          24 June 2021 14: 46
          About the state. enterprises have not heard, have not?)
          1. +4
            24 June 2021 14: 52
            And? All the difference is that the state acts as the owner (sometimes just a blocking block of shares) What kind of system is in the country? How are benefits distributed?
            1. -3
              24 June 2021 16: 11
              What do you want to say? laughing
              1. -3
                24 June 2021 16: 30
                No star needed Hero of Labor, a relic of the USSR, does not fit into the capital system
                1. -3
                  24 June 2021 16: 33
                  Do they not work under capitalism? About the state. enterprises have not heard, have not?)
            2. +6
              24 June 2021 17: 52
              The only difference is that the state acts as the owner (sometimes the entire blocking block of shares)

              There is such a godly organization as Sberbank
              The owner of 50% plus 1 share of Sberbank is the Russian National Welfare Fund, controlled by the Russian Government
              - this is from Wiki.
              And this organization, "controlled by the Russian Government" does not work in Crimea for some reason. Does the Government control it badly?
  3. +4
    24 June 2021 11: 21
    The Order of Alexander Nevsky is awarded to citizens of the Russian Federation who replace civil service positions, for special personal services to the Fatherland in state building, long-term conscientious service and high results achieved by them in the line of duty, in strengthening the international prestige of Russia, the country's defense, economic development , science, education, culture, art, health care and OTHER merits, as well as citizens of the Russian Federation for high personal achievements in various sectors of the economy, research, socio-cultural, educational and other socially useful activities.
    I wonder what OTHER merits were awarded to the Order of Gref and Miller.
    For the rest of the above is clearly not their concern.
  4. BAI
    +4
    24 June 2021 11: 24
    It is strange that, spreading his thoughts along the tree, the author ignored the very fact of the emergence of the reward system, in the sense in which it is understood now:
    Therefore, we can say that the beginning of the rewarding practice that exists today dates back to 1348.

    In this year, there was one very romantic story that gave rise to the first of the real, documented and still existing orders - the English Order of the Garter. Legend has it that at one of the balls of the maid of honor (they say that it was the Countess of Salisbury), she lost the blue garter - the one that was worn under the knee and supported the stocking. And naturally, in those days when even an ankle could not be shown, it was considered indecent. As usual at school, the children began to laugh at their fellow practitioner, who somehow misbehaved. In this case, these were not children, but the royal court, and then one of the prominent figures of the Middle Ages, King Edward III (the one who started the Hundred Years War) lifted this garter, put it on himself, also under his knee, and uttered the famous phrase, which is still since then is the motto of the Order of the Garter: "Let him be ashamed who thinks badly about it." And I must say that for 665 years now, getting such a cloth garter has been the dream of any person in the Anglo-Saxon world.
  5. +6
    24 June 2021 11: 34
    Everything is very interesting. But for some reason, having ridiculed the Soviet awards, the author treated the modern "heroes" gently.
    Republican awards, religious, party. Awards for participation in the parade. Well, there are a lot of people awarded for their trip to Syria. Of course I mean not the military, but different mouth openers.
  6. +9
    24 June 2021 11: 44
    Now there is no reward system as such. The abundance of state awards amazes confusion, and only departmental ... The lieutenant is graduated from the school with an iconostasis more than that of those who went through the whole war. Foresters, customs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, veteran organizations and others are also in trend. Moreover, not only ordinary people, but also many involved will never figure out what, for what, the main thing is that it would shine! The more rounds on the chest, the more merit.
    I remembered that in 20 years of service I met very few servicemen who correctly wore "sand", 99% got on all the degrees of "aging" in the troops. And on the contrary, I remember very much in one of the periods of the initial service one colonel who wore Courage and senior degree of service, and took all the Veteran trinkets (for participation, presence, strengthening) to the child to play with.
    1. +1
      24 June 2021 16: 35
      Quote: Gvardeetz77
      I remembered that in 20 years of service I met very few servicemen who correctly wore "sand", 99% got on all the degrees of "aging" in the troops.

      Well, do not invent it - at any inspection they could make a remark for the block if the officers placed the commemorative and sand medals incorrectly. How could a career officer not be able to understand awards, if from the first cadet years they were instilled in them respect? Moreover, I ordered the block in the atelier, so it was enough to name the available medals, and they certainly placed everything. I even ordered a block for my father, a participant in the war, so they even found a Korean tape, and placed everything as needed.
      1. +1
        24 June 2021 19: 12
        I’m not making it up, and it’s not written about the pads, read the orders (well, at least those times). In short: all degrees of sand are on the blocks, when the form is with metal, then the highest, the rest are at home.
        1. +1
          24 June 2021 20: 30
          Quote: Gvardeetz77
          on the blocks all degrees of sand, when the form is with metal, then the highest, the rest are at home.

          I can’t even imagine what you’re talking about, but the Soviet sand medals even had different ribbons, and they were supposed to be worn on a dress uniform by everyone, and not by the senior in service. Perhaps something has changed now, but in my time it was that way.
  7. +1
    24 June 2021 12: 04
    Though I am, but I also have a fool again, well gegoito "For courage"
  8. +8
    24 June 2021 12: 48
    Eh, and Tsar Nicholas 2 was not mentioned ...
    Dear Sergey. Didn't kings receive orders by birthright?
    And did you not present your favorites with state awards?
    You can laugh at Brezhnev or any other member of the Politburo as much as you like, but they did not receive any awards by birth.
    Many were jarred by the "distribution" of the orders of the "Patriotic War" in 40 to the 1985th anniversary of the Victory.
    But did the veterans themselves "beg" these orders. And was my wife's grandmother (deceased) worthy only of the medal "For Victory over Germany" after serving from 1942 to 1945 in airfield service units. Putting out fires after enemy raids, pulling out the bodies of the dead and guarding the airfields where her part served.
    Lots of "strange awards".
    There are many "order-bearers of leaf".
    And now, by paying money, you can become the owner of "badges" that were not conceivable in the days of the USSR.
    They are bullshit, but people who are greedy for "shiny spillikins and loud regalia" pay money. And then they boast about their "badges" in front of their own kind ...
    1. +2
      24 June 2021 17: 57
      Many were jarred by the "distribution" of the orders of the "Patriotic War" in 40 to the 1985th anniversary of the Victory.

      Yes, it devalued the order. And in the 50s they began to give "Krasnaya Zvezda" for length of service, Sergo Mikoyan wrote about this in his memoirs, and with a claim that they could have taken an order with a higher status for rewarding.
      1. +1
        24 June 2021 18: 21
        Who discounted that? Who decided that the order was "depreciated"?
        Certainly not the veterans who deserve this award by their actions !!!
        Ordinary people calmly accepted the award as an assessment of their actions 40 years ago!
        But various "balabols" marked with other awards and regalia probably started a "storm in a glass of alcohol".
        1. +3
          24 June 2021 19: 23
          You see, the order has a status. And it says nothing about the fact that they are being awarded for the 40th anniversary of the Victory. If I am not mistaken, they had to knock out a tank to be awarded. This is one of the actions, several are discussed there. Well, veterans are different. Of course, they took the order as a reward for deeds that were not honored at the time. And my father accepted this order as a sign that it was an award for his first front-line combat mission to photograph Kerch in the summer of 1943. This was the fifth sortie, four previous crews did not return. They took a photo of the city and port, but on the way back they were shot down and fell into the Kerch Strait, the film was taken out and handed over to the command, but there was no reward.
          And also something useful was done during the awarding ceremony for the 40th anniversary of the Victory - a Bandera soldier was discovered who led the burning of Khatyn. This quiet veteran also wanted to receive an award and turned to the military registration and enlistment office, why they are not awarded. I lived under someone else's documents. It was checked, he was discovered and it turned out what he was doing during the war. Received a well-deserved award at the wall.
          1. +1
            24 June 2021 21: 06
            It is a natural question to ask people who will no longer answer it.
            Why was this particular order chosen (guided by the name) and was it possible to make a good commemorative medal or a commemorative sign (order)?
            Statute by statute.
            But 40 years later, it could no longer carry the meaning that it carried from the moment of its establishment to May 9, 1945.
            It's my personal opinion.
            1. +1
              24 June 2021 21: 11
              This is the only order that was awarded precisely during the Great Patriotic War, or later, but for the deeds performed on it. And this was the only order that was not subject to surrender at the death of the recipient. All other orders were subject to surrender. I don’t know how in the 50s, but in the 60s this provision on the delivery of orders was no longer fulfilled.
  9. +9
    24 June 2021 13: 08
    Very good and very useful article, thank you Sergey! good
  10. +3
    24 June 2021 13: 13
    A good, solid, rather short article, both as an impetus to the study of faleristics, and as a reason for thinking about the significance of awards, and about putting things in order in the award business.
  11. +5
    24 June 2021 13: 13
    in my opinion, the more the country fights, the more valuable the awards are, and they are given out less
  12. +3
    24 June 2021 13: 26
    But I liked this medal of the tsarist time, modestly and tastefully. smile

    The Medal For Zeal (For Zeal) was established in December 1801 by Emperor Alexander I, which was initially awarded to civilians who provided various services to the government, later to lower military ranks for long-term service.
    Its a later version.
    1. +4
      24 June 2021 14: 10
      Well, you understand that if it is introduced now, then effective untouchable business people, a special pool, will be the first to receive it.
      1. +3
        24 June 2021 14: 46
        And I did not offer to introduce it, I just wrote that there was such a funny medal. And as for the "untouchable businessmen", I think they are of little interest in this cute costume jewelry.
    2. +1
      24 June 2021 21: 45
      They write that for the peasants such a medal was made octagonal.
      During the reign of Alexander I, there was a medal "For the useful"
      For the peasants, it is again octagonal.
  13. +3
    24 June 2021 13: 53
    Sergey, thanks for the great article!
  14. -7
    24 June 2021 15: 05
    For example: the German Knight's Cross assumed only supplementary pendants like oak leaves, oak leaves with swords and oak leaves with swords and diamonds. At the same time, there was one wearable order, only the pendants changed.
    Dear you are our author, this is a very, very good example.
    . Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) - the degree of the military order of the Iron Cross, the highest order of the Third Reich, recognition of special courage in battle or success in leading troops during the Second World War. Introduced September 1, 1939
    So it is drawn to the propaganda of Nazism.
    1. +3
      24 June 2021 18: 49
      yes, a normal example. we are not talking about the Nazis, but about the award system. before 1917 in the Russian Empire there were also orders that were awarded to both the military and civilians, but swords were also relied on for military merits. and everyone understood what the order was for. and now the devil break my leg.
  15. +2
    24 June 2021 16: 47
    Rewards are a very important question, when we deal with all this - I suppose it will be easier to deal with everything else.

    I would like to believe it, but I think that this is not a priority issue.
    In my opinion, various self-made "orders and medals", which fraudsters perform similar to state awards, and sell them to various crooks, cause great harm to our society. For this, it is necessary to punish in the most severe way, like all the offices that produce them, and those who speculate on the desires of narrow-minded people will stand out.
    In general, it is necessary to introduce strict control over the manufacture of such signs, so that they must be evaluated by heraldry experts, and only after that they can register them and begin production under a specific order. Otherwise, we will drown in self-made trinkets, and this is not good - people in other countries who understand the value of a state award will simply laugh at us.
    1. +4
      25 June 2021 00: 32
      Quote: ccsr
      ccsr (ccsr) Today, 16:47 PM New

      I absolutely agree! If 30 years ago, looking at the block, I knew what orders and medals a person was awarded ..., now I can say that these are just "candy wrappers"! Especially watching the Emergencies Ministry.
  16. +1
    24 June 2021 17: 34
    Sergey, thanks for the article!
    The illustrations are also very gorgeous !!!
  17. +3
    24 June 2021 17: 56
    Great article! I will add my 5 kopecks, somehow I subtracted it. The rarest order of the USSR - "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 1st degree, 13 awards in total! soldier
  18. +4
    24 June 2021 18: 43
    I am amazed at the criteria for the award. downed SU-24 in Syria, the pilot was killed, the hero of Russia, the navigator is alive - the Order of Courage. as well as the dead marine during his salvation. some kind of nonsense.
  19. +3
    24 June 2021 19: 56
    Quote: Fitter65
    For example: the German Knight's Cross assumed only supplementary pendants like oak leaves, oak leaves with swords and oak leaves with swords and diamonds. At the same time, there was one wearable order, only the pendants changed.
    Dear you are our author, this is a very, very good example.
    . Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) - the degree of the military order of the Iron Cross, the highest order of the Third Reich, recognition of special courage in battle or success in leading troops during the Second World War. Introduced September 1, 1939
    So it is drawn to the propaganda of Nazism.

    What does Nazism have to do with it?
    In Germany, initially there were few orders, and the "iron cross" was quite old, a pre-Nazi award. Here the system of signs in the Wehrmacht was interesting, one could immediately understand how and where the soldier fought, and indeed whether he fought in general. Shield Narvik, Shield Demyansk, Taman, etc. Signs for a tank battle, for close combat, for an assault attack, and for sappers there was also for hand-to-hand combat.
    Now, of course, there is a complete degradation and discrediting of the reward system. Most of my relatives, including both grandfathers, did not return from the war. I kept in touch with my grandmother's brother, so on May 9 he hung only two Orders of Glory on his jacket, he didn’t wear others for cities, and he didn’t even go to the military registration and enlistment office for jubilee ones. And these orders were visible to everyone, in contrast to the convoyers, as he said about them, who cling to everything in a row, who looked like Brezhnev at the parade, who wanted to appear heroes behind the tinsel of the jubilee.
    1. 0
      24 June 2021 21: 52
      The badge "For close combat" could be received by anyone who met the award criteria. And not just sappers.
      Submariners had similar signs.
      The rest have the Kriegsmarines and the Luftwaffe.
      1. +1
        24 June 2021 22: 29
        The badge "For close combat" could be received by anyone who met the award criteria. And not just sappers.

        I actually wrote about the sign "for hand-to-hand combat", which was given only to sappers. Hand-to-hand combat was a forced measure and led to heavy mutual losses and the Germans tried to avoid it, with the exception of sappers operating in the neutral zone, when setting or clearing mines, silence must be observed and when meeting with our sappers, fights took place without shots, since the shooting provoked artillery shelling at both sides.
        1. 0
          25 June 2021 05: 19
          Give the figure.
          1. 0
            25 June 2021 07: 26
            Figure bring

            Perhaps you are right in translation from the German melee and hand-to-hand combat, but in the pre-Internet era I ended up in Omsk, being on a business trip, to an exhibition from the central army museum, it was called "Aggression", there on the window was a complete collection of signs and an oval sign with a rifle with a bayonet they called "for hand-to-hand combat".
            1. 0
              25 June 2021 07: 56
              And the oval sign with a grenade and a bayonet knife was not there?
              The badge "Assault infantry badge" described by you was really given, including for participation in hand-to-hand combat !!!
              But not only for her.
              And it was given not only to sappers!
  20. +6
    25 June 2021 00: 16
    My opinion may be subjective, but it seems to me how many awards to wear depends on the person. The constant wearing of a whole iconostasis on the chest, smacks of profanity, belittles the status of awards. For everyday wear, there are award bars that are less and less common. There are cases when a person is proud of a certain award, it is dear to him as a memory of merits to the Motherland, and he wears it all the time.
    I.V. Stalin, after the Second World War, always preferred to wear one gold star of the Hero of Socialist Labor, thereby emphasizing his contribution to the victory, although he had no less awards than Zhukov. An example worthy of respect.
  21. +2
    25 June 2021 01: 15
    In addition to Shoigu, the happy owners of the Knight's Cross of MALTIC in Russia are: B.A. Berezovsky, P.P. Borodin, G.E.Burbulis, M.S. Gorbachev, B.N. Yeltsin, V.V. Ilyushin, V.V. Kostikov, M.Yu. Lesin, S.F. Lisovskiy, E.M. Primakov, A.V. Rutskoy, S.A.Filatov, M.Sh. Shaimiev, S.M. Shakhrai, V.B. Yumashev , S.V. Yastrzhembsky.
  22. The comment was deleted.
  23. +1
    27 June 2021 08: 21
    Chtěl bych poděkovat redakci časopisu, ale hlavně autorovi článku, který dokázal jasně a srozumitelně napsat co to je faleristika a jaké má iv současné Rusku (Rusíká federace) postaven.
    Autor jako jeden z mála dokázal poukázat na řádovou problematiku od cara Pavla I. až do současné doby. Faleristice se věnuji více jak 40 let a byla to především faleristika carského Ruska, později SSSR. Kupodivu v bývalém Československu je tato problematika dobře známá, k nám ji přivezli legionáři. Mohu říci, že faleristice rozumím a jistě iz tohoto důvodu dokáži celý článek ocenit. Děkuji panu
    Sergey Vladimirov
  24. +1
    29 June 2021 23: 38
    And the fetish has not gone anywhere.

    2-3 awards for each class is more than enough. And, it is important that they do not overlap. The Order of the Warrior, the Order of the Thief, and the Order of Kirkorov do not have to be the same.
  25. 0
    3 July 2021 08: 12
    What's the problem with commemorative medals? And why such a srach in the nets of the sofa specialists? Well, he wears a type of Cossack iconostasis, and let him wear it. I have a bunch of different departmental and only one state award. And there's no point in her. If I’m retiring, then I’ll like to pay 50 percent for a communal apartment less.

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