Modern Japanese radar airspace control and air defense control system of Japan

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Modern Japanese radar airspace control and air defense control system of Japan

Unlike a number of European countries, after the end of the Cold War, Japan has not lost its positions in terms of preserving the radar field over the entire territory of the country and adjacent sea areas. Moreover, new radar stations are regularly built, and the existing ones are being modernized and undergoing major repairs.

Japan's modern air defense control system


The entire territory of Japan is divided into four air defense zones. The central command post is located at Yokota airbase, the headquarters of the Northern Air Defense Forces is at the Misawa airbase, the headquarters of the Central Air Defense Forces is at the Iruma airbase, the headquarters of the Western Air Defense Forces is at the Kasuga base, the headquarters of the Southwest Air Defense Forces is at the Naha airbase.



The headquarters of the 5th US Air Force is also located on the territory of Yokota Airbase. In real time, the parties exchange data received from the air monitoring posts and actively cooperate in the event of a crisis.


Diagram of air defense sectors and command post locations

The Japanese air defense system is controlled by a new generation high-performance automated control system JADGE (Japan Aerospace Defense Ground Environment), which was launched in 2009.


JADGE ACS operating room

Compared to the decommissioned BADGE Kai automated control system, the new JADGE combat control system is capable of processing many times larger amounts of information and responding more quickly to emerging threats. In addition to aerodynamic targets, the system is capable of working with ballistic missiles and directing existing missile defense systems at them. The Japanese media have repeatedly published statements that the communication and information components of Japan's air defense are the best in the world. However, no details were provided to reveal the actual characteristics of the system.


Japan Air Defense Identification Zone

It is known that the JADGE ACS, in standby mode, automatically processes information about the course of all aircraft flying in and around Japan's airspace, tracks approaching aircraft of unknown nationality, makes a request and directs interceptor fighters at them. All actions are maximally visualized and documented on several independent media.


Operations hall of the air defense command center at Naha airbase

When ballistic targets are detected, their trajectory is calculated, with the determination of the predicted place of impact. In the event of a threat to objects located on Japanese territory, target designation is issued to the existing ground-based air defense / missile defense systems: Patriot PAC-3, Type 03 (Chu-SAM), as well as naval SM-3 Block IB and SM-3 Block IIA.

Detection means (ground-based radar posts, AWACS aircraft, airborne radars of fighters, radars of warships) and means of fire destruction (anti-aircraft and anti-missile systems of land and sea-based, fighter-interceptors) are linked into a single information network of the JADGE ACS. Through external channels, information is received from American AWACS aircraft based in Japan, and from American AN / FPS-117 ground radars deployed at Kadena airbase.

Tactical Data Exchange System (TDS) provides real-time communication between the main elements connected to the JADGE system.


Stationary antennas of radio relay communication equipment

In peacetime, fiber-optic lines, high-frequency radio relay equipment and HF / VHF radio networks are used to transfer information between ground points. In case of suppression and failure of traditional communication means, it is supposed to use satellite channels and mobile multichannel communication terminals J / TRQ-504 and J / TRQ-506.


Equipment of the mobile multichannel communication terminal J / TRQ-504

In the opinion of the Japanese leadership, in light of the existing territorial disputes with neighbors and the aggravation of the international situation, the control system of Japan's air defense forces needs to be improved. So, according to Japanese data, in 2008, 31 Chinese aircraft and 193 Russian aircraft approached the air borders of Japan. In 2018, this figure increased to 638 Chinese and 343 Russian aircraft.

Modern Japanese radar airspace control


Currently, all Japanese airspace and surrounding areas are monitored by radars at high and medium altitudes to a depth of 400 km. In total, there are 28 permanent radar posts.


Layout of Japanese radar posts

Until recently, the most numerous stationary radars deployed in Japan were the J / FPS-2 / 2A (three-coordinate radars of this type, commissioned in 1982, were considered in the publication Japan's air defense system during the Cold War). Currently, six such stations remain in service, and in the next 2-3 years they will be replaced with new generation radars.


Radar J / FPS-2 in Omaezaki

In March 1992, in Kyoto prefecture near Cape Kyogamisaki, on the site where the American AN / FPS-20B and AN / FPS-6 radars were previously located, the first stationary three-coordinate radar with AFAR J / FPS-3 was built. After debugging work, the station was commissioned at the end of 1992. According to information available in the public domain, the detection range of air targets flying at high altitude exceeded 450 km. The station, located 451 m from sea level, could see low-altitude targets at a distance of 70 km.


Satellite image of Google Earth: J / FPS-3 radar station near Cape Kyogamisaki

Already in the 1960s, the Japanese came to the conclusion that, taking into account the local climate, it was necessary to protect the antenna devices of the radars with plastic radio-transparent fairings. It turned out to be more profitable to invest in the construction of protective structures than to regularly repair the elements of stations that are exposed to the destructive effects of unfavorable meteorological factors.


Active phased array radar J / FPS-3

Trial operation of the J / FPS-3 radar at Cape Kyogamisaki continued until 1995. After making a number of improvements to the design, Mitsubishi Electric built 1999 more such stations by 6.


Radar antenna J / FPS-3 under a protective dome

By 2009, all available radars were brought to the level of J / FPS-3 Kai, after which operational reliability improved and the ability to sustainably detect and track ballistic missiles appeared. The station, known as the J / FPS-3ME, is the latest modification.

The J / FPS-4 three-axis radar, developed by Toshiba, was intended to finally replace the J / FPS-20S radar rangefinders and J / FPS-6S altimeters, which were built in Japan under an American license. The detection range of high-altitude targets is up to 400 km.


Radar antenna J / FPS-4

At the design stage of the J / FPS-4 radar, while maintaining the characteristics of detecting air targets at the level of a radar complex consisting of J / FPS-20S and J / FPS-6S, the new station was required to reduce operating costs and increase the operating time by several times. renouncement. For this, a significant part of the electronic units was redundant, with the possibility of their remote switching.


J / FPS-4 radar on Mount Takao, Shimane Prefecture

Like other stationary Japanese airspace control radars, the elements of the J / FPS-4 station were located on a concrete base, and the antenna post was covered with a radio-transparent dome.

Thanks to the use of technical solutions, components and element base, widely used in serial products manufactured by Toshiba, the purchase cost of the J / FPS-4 equipment set has become much cheaper compared to the J / FPS-3. From the very beginning, measures were considered to reduce the sensitivity of the station to organized interference, and active simulators of the radar operation were developed, designed to distract anti-radar missiles.


Satellite image of Google Earth: J / FPS-4 radar on Mount Takao

The first station, located on Mount Takao, in Shimane Prefecture, began trial operation in 2002. Already in January 2003, experts came to the conclusion that the J / FPS-4 radar meets the requirements and is suitable for adoption. After that, in the period from 2006 to 2008, 5 more such radars were built in different parts of Japan. Three stations were delivered in an improved version of the J / FPS-4A.

Air defense experts have noted in the past that the Japanese Air Self-Defense Forces have had very limited use of mobile radars and relied heavily on powerful radar systems located in fixed positions. This approach reduced operating costs and made the radar network less weather-dependent. However, given that the coordinates of all Japanese stationary radar posts are well known, they can be quickly destroyed by air attack.

In this regard, in the early 1980s, NEC was awarded a contract to develop a mobile radar. The antenna post of the J / TPS-102 three-coordinate station outwardly resembles the antenna of the J / FPS-1 stationary radar. All elements of the radar complex are located on the Type 73 cargo chassis.


Elements of the J / TPS-102 radar at the Kasuga military base, where the headquarters of the Western Air Defense Forces is located

The radar uses a cylindrical AFAR that does not require mechanical rotation. A second omnidirectional antenna (a small cylinder on the roof of a large cylinder) is used to suppress spurious signals. The J / TPS-102 radar operates in the 1,5-2 GHz frequency range. The detection range of the F-4ЕJ fighter flying at an altitude of 8000 m is 370 km. The maximum detection range for large high-altitude targets is about 500 km.


Antenna post of the mobile radar J / TPS-102 in the stowed position

The J / TPS-102 radar was put into service in 1992, deliveries of the stations were carried out until 2000. Currently, the Air Self-Defense Forces has 7 J / TPS-102 radars, but they are not on constant duty and are considered as a supplement and a mobile reserve in crisis situations, in case of failure of stationary radar posts.


Satellite image of Google Earth: elements of the J / TPS-102 radar in the stowed position at the Kasuga base

J / TPS-102 mobile radars are distributed between the regional command posts of the Japanese air defense system, where they are periodically deployed.


Satellite image of Google Earth: elements of the J / TPS-102 radar in combat position at the Kasuga base

It is reported that on the westernmost island of the Japanese archipelago Yonaguni is planned to build a modernized stationary radar J / TPS-102A.

Modern Japanese AWACS aircraft


Currently, the Air Self-Defense Forces continue to actively operate the E-2C Hawkeye AWACS aircraft, acquired in the 1980s. These vehicles are assigned to the Air Surveillance Group of 601 Squadron (Misawa Air Base, Aomori Prefecture) and 603 Squadron (Naha Air Base, Okinawa Island).


In order to extend the service life, all Japanese E-2C aircraft underwent refurbishment and modernization at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries facility in the city of Gifu. According to information published in the Japanese media, some of the aircraft have been brought to the level of E-2C Hawkeye 2000.


Satellite image of Google Earth: aircraft AWACS E-2C and military transport C-130N at the factory parking in Gifu

In 2014, the command of the Air Self-Defense Forces announced a desire to replace the worn-out E-2C Hawkeye AWACS aircraft with new E-2D Advanced Hawkeye. The first E-2D was delivered to Japan in March 2019. The Air Defense Forces currently have three E-2D aircraft. In total, Japan has ordered nine E-2D Advanced Hawkeyes worth $ 3,14 billion. It is stated that these AWACS aircraft will interact with the recently received F-35A fighters.

E-2D is by far the most advanced modification in the Hawkeye AWACS aircraft family. In addition to the new communication, navigation and data display and processing equipment, the most notable innovation was the installation of the AN / APY-9 radar with AFAR. According to officially unconfirmed information, this station is capable of detecting high-altitude air targets at a distance of more than 600 km, due to its high energy potential, and effectively control flights of aircraft made using low-visibility technology.

It is noted that the existing Japanese AWACS aircraft, upgraded to the E-2C Hawkeye 2000 level, fully met the requirements, and the acquisition of the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye is primarily associated with the appearance of the 5th generation fighters in Russia and China.

In early 1991, the Japanese government announced its intention to acquire heavy AWACS E-3 Sentry aircraft. But due to the fact that by that time the production of the base Boeing 707 had already been discontinued, it was decided to build a flying radar picket for Japan on the basis of a new generation Boeing 767-200ER passenger aircraft. When creating a new AWACS aircraft, the equipment of the latest versions of the E-3 Sentry was used.


E-2C Hawkeye and E-767 Air Defense Forces radar patrol aircraft

Created by order of Japan, the E-767 AWACS is more consistent with modern realities and has significant modernization potential. In general, the characteristics of the radar and radio systems of the Japanese aircraft are similar to those of the E-3C aircraft.
At the same time, the Japanese E-767 is a faster and more modern aircraft with a cabin twice as large, which makes it possible to rationally accommodate the crew and equipment. Most of the electronics are installed in the front of the aircraft, and the radar dish is closer to the tail end.

Compared to the E-3 Sentry, the E-767 has more free space, potentially allowing additional hardware to be installed. In order to protect the crew from high-frequency radiation, the windows along the side of the aircraft have been eliminated. On the upper part of the fuselage there are numerous antennas of radio engineering systems. Despite the large internal volumes, the number of operators, thanks to the use of automated workstations and high-performance computers, has been reduced to 10 people. Information received from the radar and the passive radio intelligence station is displayed on 14 monitors.


DRLO E-767 aircraft

Japan paid approximately $ 4 billion for the four E-767s. An additional $ 3 million was spent in 108 on improved radars and new software.


The basis of the radar system of the Japanese aircraft AWACS E-767 is the pulse-Doppler radar AN / APY-2, combined with the 4PiCC-2 onboard computer. This station is capable of seeing low-flying small-sized targets at a distance of up to 400 km, targets flying with an excess of up to 650 km. The upgraded radar can detect objects with a RCS of 1 m² at a range of up to 425 km. At the same time, stable tracking of up to 100 targets at the same time is provided.


The first E-767 aircraft, fully equipped with the necessary equipment, was handed over to the Air Self-Defense Forces in April 1998. The achievement of the operational readiness of this aircraft was announced in January 2000.


Satellite image of Google Earth: E-767 AWACS aircraft at Hamamatsu airbase

Currently, four E-767 aircraft available in Japan are brought together in the 602nd radar patrol squadron of the Radar Warning and Flight Control Corps, which is headquartered at Hamamatsu airbase.

Approximately every 5-6 years, E-767 AWACS aircraft are undergoing repair and modernization at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries facility in Gifu. Toshiba is responsible for updating the electronic filling.


Satellite image of Google Earth: AWACS aircraft E-767 in Gifu

By 2011, all E-767 aircraft were equipped with Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) equipment operating in the Link 16 data transmission format.

In 2013, the Japanese government allocated $ 950 million to upgrade the on-board computer complex, state recognition systems, and cryptographic protection of information transmission channels. Also, new navigation and electronic warfare equipment was installed.

Improvement of avionics, maintaining the airframe and general on-board systems of the E-767 in good technical condition allows achieving a high degree of combat readiness and operating the existing AWACS aircraft for another 15 years. As of 2020, two E-767 aircraft were constantly in operational readiness for departure: one was on patrol, and another was undergoing maintenance.

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  1. +4
    20 2021 June
    We had powerful air defense radar domes on Krillon ... There were ... Although, something remained.
    1. +6
      20 2021 June
      Thank you Sergey for continuing the cycle!
      Interestingly, and the modern developments of the domestic air defense suggest the location of the radar on the hills ?.
      1. +8
        20 2021 June
        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
        Interestingly, and the modern developments of the domestic air defense suggest the location of the radar on the hills ?.

        Do you think that something in this regard can change?
        The observation point, even a radar one, even a lookout sailor, is always located as high as possible, on the mast, on a hillock, on an airplane, on a satellite.
        The earth is round, and no amount of groundwork will change this ..
        1. +5
          20 2021 June
          Quote: Jacket in stock
          The observation point, even a radar one, even a lookout sailor, is always located as high as possible, on the mast, on a hillock, on an airplane, on a satellite.
          The earth is round, and no amount of groundwork will change this ..

          We understand that. The question is different, I know about various astrological and other structures in the "mountains", but I can't remember about the modern complexes of the Russian Air Defense Forces on the mountain peaks. If you take what's next to me. Maximum 270-30 meters above sea level. And this despite the fact that there are peaks of 500-700 meters nearby. I don't think anyone is a fool. Just wondering whether the altitude value for the radar is so critical.
          1. +4
            20 2021 June
            Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
            ... Just wondering whether the altitude value for the radar is so critical.

            Absolutely critical.
            Higher you stand - you see further.
            Another thing is that not every peak can be piled up.
            There are still all sorts of other circumstances. Technical, organizational, legal ...
          2. +3
            20 2021 June
            Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
            Just wondering whether the altitude value for the radar is so critical.

            It depends on what and what purpose this radar has.
            Antenna height primarily affects the range of the radio horizon and the minimum target detection height. Also on the radio shade, behind the hills and mountains, dead zones are formed.
            For example, the theoretical detection range of a tomahawk flying at an altitude of 50 meters with an antenna located at an altitude of 30, 270, 6000 meters is 52, 97, 348 kilometers, respectively.

            But this does not apply to over-the-horizon and over-the-horizon radars, where the height is no longer important.
            1. +1
              21 2021 June
              Who knows what it is:

              The cottage is nearby, I know that everything works.
              1. +5
                21 2021 June
                This is OVIDIOPOL-2
                In the Ovidiopol district of the Odessa region there is a classified military facility called "Ovidiopol-2", where in the old days the 8th separate radio center of the special service of the KGB of the USSR was stationed.

                It was built during the Soviet era to monitor space processes, bodies, satellites. Today, the foreign military is investing money in the facility - they are putting it in order, fencing it, capturing additional territory.

                Under the Soviet Union, a closed-type military town was built specifically for this military unit, known as the Akkarzha station.
                1. +2
                  21 2021 June
                  Quote: OgnennyiKotik
                  This is OVIDIOPOL-2
                  In the Ovidiopol district of the Odessa region there is a classified military facility called "Ovidiopol-2", where in the old days the 8th separate radio center of the special service of the KGB of the USSR was stationed.

                  It was built during the Soviet era to monitor space processes, bodies, satellites. Today, the foreign military is investing money in the facility - they are putting it in order, fencing it, capturing additional territory.

                  Under the Soviet Union, a closed-type military town was built specifically for this military unit, known as the Akkarzha station.

                  Thanks for the answer. But, this is a known fact. And technically, something can be learned. The object is still Soviet, there must be data.
                  PS. All personnel from Odessa, foreigners are not observed.
                  PPP. By the way, "they are capturing additional territory" is not true. The Ministry of Defense only returns back what was illegally taken from the military in the 90s. I know this process, since a number of summer residents suffered from the scam of realtors. Sold them the land of the Moscow region.
          3. ANB
            +2
            20 2021 June
            ... If you take what's next to me. Maximum 270-30 meters above sea level. And this despite the fact that there are peaks of 500-700 meters nearby.

            In Kamchatka, Rybachy's cover balls stood on a hill near the ocean. Probably still standing.
            Do they work? Cable diggers in the 90s dug everything.
      2. I join your words of gratitude in relation to the series of articles by Sergey.
        In essence, I can only state that the Americans have "brought up" a reliable and high-tech ally for themselves.
        1. +3
          21 2021 June
          Quote: Leader of the Redskins
          I join your words of gratitude in relation to the series of articles by Sergey.
          In essence, I can only state that the Americans have "brought up" a reliable and high-tech ally for themselves.

          I completely agree. An excellent series of articles. I always compare the content of the VO with the Soviet ZVO (I subscribed once). This article is quite worthy.
      3. +7
        20 2021 June
        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
        Thank you Sergey for continuing the cycle!

        drinks
        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
        Interestingly, and the modern developments of the domestic air defense suggest the location of the radar on the hills?

        Certainly! Moreover, the antennas of the stations of mobile complexes are raised on special masts to improve the ability to work on low-altitude targets.
        1. +5
          20 2021 June
          Once again, but personally, thank you Sergey for the cycle!
          The question, I asked not with a pantolek. In my understanding, radar systems should cling to the dead to the peaks of the Ural mountains. For me local, but not one regional on the peaks of 500-1000 meters can not name. Unlike TV and cellular companies, the military does not go in. Although God himself ordered to have efficient roads to the peaks of the local Volchikh, Shunutov or Sholm - from where, in addition to the gorgeous appearance, there are exceptional opportunities for creating an umbrella for the air defense of the region.
          Well, somewhere like that.
          1. +5
            20 2021 June
            Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
            Once again, but personally, thank you Sergey for the cycle!

            You are welcome! Glad I liked it!
            Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
            The question, I asked not with a pantolek. In my understanding, radar systems should cling to the dead to the peaks of the Ural mountains. For me local, but not one regional on the peaks of 500-1000 meters can not name. Unlike TV and cellular companies, the military does not go in. Although God himself ordered to have efficient roads to the peaks of the local Volchikh, Shunutov or Sholm - from where, in addition to the gorgeous appearance, there are exceptional opportunities for creating an umbrella for the air defense of the region.

            Vladislav, the fact is that our leadership does not consider it necessary now to cover your region from air strikes. In Soviet times, from Magnitogorsk to Nizhny Tagil, there was an air defense chain consisting of four dozen S-75 and S-200 air defense systems.
            Where do you live? I can say that there is an air defense system next to you.
            1. +3
              20 2021 June
              My Homeland Nizhnie Sergi (380 m above sea level).
              Sergei, I don’t argue. There is air defense nearby, but the ability to pull equipment is only available to secondary or even tertiary heights. For example, a modern radar station cannot be dragged onto the 700-meter Shungut I mentioned. Although it was logical to have deployment points precisely on the dominant ridges and ridges.
              1. +2
                21 2021 June
                Earlier, not far from you, in the area of ​​the village of Soldatka, an S-300PS regiment was deployed. And there was a radar 36D6. Now the closest air defense systems to you are two air defense systems covering Yekaterinburg.

                There is nothing else within a radius of 1500 km ... request
        2. Life story:
          I was still a student with an assistant professor of architecture. He remembered his service.
          It means that I got to the Far East in the air defense with a "jacket". The command did not know where to attach it and decided to "bend" in front of Moscow - to prepare a colorful poster about how the radar station covers the Far Eastern borders of the Motherland.
          And they put those locators, almost according to Yuri Dolgoruky - the general went to the GAZik on the hill, looked around from under the palm of his hand, and if there was any place, then he gave the go-ahead for the installation of the radar.
          Well, the architect begged for assistants, a level, transport and got down to business.
          After some time, the map with the "overlap" schemes for the flights was ready and the command grabbed their heads! The relief of the Far East played a cruel joke - if at a height everything was overlapped many times, then at low level, between the hills it was possible to fly unnoticed!
          They urgently began to install additional radars.
          So the relief in air defense is very important!
          1. +3
            21 2021 June
            Quote: Leader of the Redskins
            Life story:
            I was still a student with an assistant professor of architecture. He remembered his service.
            It means that I got to the Far East in the air defense with a "jacket". The command did not know where to attach it and decided to "bend" in front of Moscow - to prepare a colorful poster about how the radar station covers the Far Eastern borders of the Motherland.
            And they put those locators, almost according to Yuri Dolgoruky - the general went to the GAZik on the hill, looked around from under the palm of his hand, and if there was any place, then he gave the go-ahead for the installation of the radar.
            Well, the architect begged for assistants, a level, transport and got down to business.
            After some time, the map with the "overlap" schemes for the flights was ready and the command grabbed their heads! The relief of the Far East played a cruel joke - if at a height everything was overlapped many times, then at low level, between the hills it was possible to fly unnoticed!
            They urgently began to install additional radars.
            So the relief in air defense is very important!

            My uncle served during the Soviet Union at the command post of the 19th Air Defense Army in Tbilisi. "Between ourselves" said that there were air defense breakthroughs from Turkey. At low altitudes, in mountainous areas.
        3. +1
          August 20 2021
          Thank you for your work, the article is super. I will add a little. FPS-3 radar dual-band, L and S. TPS-102 is more likely S range. TPS-102A is not a hospital, the same mobile only with air cooling. It has been deployed on yoganuni for a long time, a little further than the coastal radar.
  2. 517
    -6
    20 2021 June
    The author, what was the point of placing the layout of the radar of the Japs, if in fact it is completely different?
    For reference - I had the opportunity to observe their real placement in real time many times.
    1. +4
      20 2021 June
      Quote: 517
      The author, what was the point of placing the layout of the radar of the Japs, if in fact it is completely different?
      For reference - I had the opportunity to observe their real placement in real time many times.

      I am not the author, but it would be extremely curious to take a look at your option for the placement of Japanese radars.
      1. 517
        -6
        20 2021 June
        Quote: Tucan
        to your option for the placement of Japanese radars.

        This is not "my" option.
        And the results of the work acc. systems.
        The "hokai" in the air (working) were also very clearly visible
        1. +1
          21 2021 June
          That is, you are not able to provide evidence of your own innocence. No.
          1. 517
            -6
            21 2021 June
            Quote: Tucan
            That is, you are not able to provide evidence of your own innocence.

            You just can't understand what is written.
            There is a video on the network where a similar picture was observed, incl. in Japan it is normal to spin (according to this system for "another country"). Who understands - he will find (by correct search queries). Despite the fact that there is no real regime for these facts, this is why the people still receive "additional payments", so that "directly" you can really stick on "formal circumstances"
            1. +3
              21 2021 June
              I understand everything, you are just a balabol ... and you do not answer for your words. negative
              1. The comment was deleted.
    2. +6
      20 2021 June
      Quote: 517
      The author, what was the point of placing the layout of the radar of the Japs, if in fact it is completely different?
      For reference - I had the opportunity to observe their real placement in real time many times.

      Do I understand you correctly, you want to say that I am misinforming readers, and the layout of Japanese stationary radar posts does not correspond to reality?
      1. 517
        -5
        20 2021 June
        Quote: Bongo
        that I'm misinforming readers,

        HZ
        Quote: Bongo
        the layout of the Japanese stationary radar posts is not true?

        Yes
        The real "pictures" of their work (there are many of them) have nothing to do with the one given in the article
        1. +3
          20 2021 June
          Quote: 517
          Yes
          The real "pictures" of their work (there are many of them) have nothing to do with the one given in the article

          In this case, I suggest that you argue for, say, 10 rubles, if I cannot provide irrefutable evidence that the scheme is correct, they will become yours.
          1. The comment was deleted.
            1. +2
              21 2021 June
              Quote: 517
              You're a funny author. This dispute in fact is not about your funny "10 thousand" and "a few YEARS".
              As they say - by the FOLLOWED ORDER.

              I have not heard that the disclosure of military secrets of the unfriendly Russian Federation states would lead to a term for the citizens of the Russian Federation.
              Damantsev \ Operator \ other clones, re-login!
              1. 517
                -4
                21 2021 June
                Quote: KKND
                I have not heard that the disclosure of military secrets of the unfriendly Russian Federation states would lead to a term for the citizens of the Russian Federation.

                Have you read the corresponding order (on the basics of organizing the regime)?
                There it is just about that directly and separately written - and completely different than what you are saying!
                Incl. because it allows us to uncover the capabilities of our intelligence assets.
                By the way, different requirements for this part in different departments led, for example, to the fact that the ZVO level was much weaker than the "Rumb's" shipbuilding abroad
                1. 0
                  21 2021 June
                  Quote: 517
                  Have you read the corresponding order (on the basics of organizing the regime)?
                  There it is just about that directly and separately written - and completely different than what you are saying!

                  Where can this order be read? A link please.
                  Quote: 517
                  Incl. because it allows us to uncover the capabilities of our intelligence assets.

                  Well, something like that I have heard out of the corner of my ear, but I would like to read and not hear.
                  1. 517
                    -4
                    21 2021 June
                    Quote: KKND
                    Where can this order be read?

                    not on the internet for sure
                    and "established order"
                    (closed document)
                    echoes of this are very clearly visible when comparing articles on a similar topic in the ZVO and SZR
              2. +1
                21 2021 June
                This is just a troll who decided to make a shit. After he did not pass the "lice test" arranged by the author, it became finally clear
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    3. +2
      21 2021 June
      Quote: 517
      For reference - I had the opportunity to observe their real placement in real time many times.

      With the help of what devices / instruments by what method is it possible to observe the radar of Japs in real time?
      1. 517
        -5
        21 2021 June
        Quote: KKND
        With the help of what devices / instruments by what method is it possible to observe the radar of Japs in real time?

        The answer is really simple.
        And it is massively available on the network.
        Moreover, there is also a video (including on YouTube) of real work in real time of these systems (with screens).
        Finding is not difficult. But personally I will refrain from "poking my finger" in them. Despite the fact that there really is nothing "like that" there, you can stick "on formal grounds"
        1. +1
          21 2021 June
          Quote: 517
          The answer is really simple.
          And it is massively available on the network.
          Moreover, there is also a video (including on YouTube) of real work in real time of these systems (with screens).

          That is, there are massive opportunities to observe this on the network, moreover, there is a video on YouTube (a very censored platform, where it is easy for our government to delete a "bad" video along with a channel) and no one came to "talk" for the authors of these secret data, none of them does not block (hello Roskomnadzor) and you are afraid for secret reasons to poke a link on them?
          Okay, maybe you are very careful, okay, just describe how, due to what it turns out to observe in real time the radar of Japs in the internet. In general terms, the principle of operation of these sites, videos and so on. For this, they will definitely not go to jail, or did they manage to classify physics as well?
          1. 517
            -5
            21 2021 June
            Quote: KKND
            no one came to "talk" for the authors of these secret data, no one is blocking them (hello Roskomnadzor) and you are afraid to poke a link on them for secret reasons?

            This video does not say what happens "inside"
            They are generally called differently.
            "The screens just work."
            Corresponding if they come to me (for these posts) I'll stick in these videos.
            But I myself touch on this topic "carefully choosing the words" (I repeat, for the regime with these funds they paid and are paid doablo, therefore FORMALLY "mustache is buried" - even though it has long been a "secret of the Openwork")
            There is a clear example of a man (senior officer) who stuck on a product developed in the late 50s. (it was not declassified stupidly because they could not find an order for its adoption in service (and the corresponding installation of the neck)). Moreover, a modification of the same product of the late 60s. was normally and officially declassified, and books on it are now sold in second-hand bookstores.
            The chela was not imprisoned, but their career was ruined.
            On - "formal grounds"
            1. +2
              21 2021 June
              Quote: 517
              This video does not say what happens "inside"
              They are generally called differently.
              "The screens just work."

              That is, you saw some kind of video broadcasting the location of the radar japa on YouTube, which, apparently, are still not blocked, since you offer to find them on your own and the mechanisms for collecting information are absolutely not known to you and they are not explained there and you believed this video. And your thought has never slipped through that all this is a fake or a joke? Or do you have to believe everything that you see on the Internet? lol
              1. 517
                -5
                21 2021 June
                Quote: KKND
                video with the broadcast of the location of the radar of the Japs on YouTube

                I wrote in Russian - there are NOT japa on YouTube, - another neighboring country
                I observed (many times) incl. and Japs - NOT ON YUTUBE (BUT THE REAL WORK OF COMPLESSES)
                Quote: KKND
                You offer to find them yourself and the mechanisms of work

                What's the problem?
                A simple question - what complexes provided this? Where were they installed? etc.
                Quote: KKND
                Did you believe this video

                questions of "faith" - to theology
                in a specific case - KNOWLEDGE (real materiel) and its practical application
                1. +1
                  21 2021 June
                  Quote: 517
                  in a specific case - KNOWLEDGE (real materiel) and its practical application

                  Well, tell this materiel. In theory, tell us how it is possible to observe the location of the radar station in real time. By what methods, how does it work. After all, no one hides in general how the radars work, there are a lot of textbooks on the Internet, they hide the details of the operation of specific systems. Tell the theory like in a university
                  1. 517
                    -5
                    21 2021 June
                    Quote: KKND
                    Well, tell me this materiel.

                    ONCE AGAIN - I HAD AN ATTITUDE TO HER USE
                    with all the ensuing regime consequences
                    Quote: KKND
                    In theory, tell us how it is possible to observe the location of the radar station in real time. By what methods, how does it work.

                    They talk about the fact that the Earth is round already in the kindergarten.
                    Corresponding at the expense of those who are "high"
                    1. 0
                      21 2021 June
                      Quote: 517
                      They talk about the fact that the Earth is round already in the kindergarten.
                      Corresponding at the expense of those who are "high"

                      Hinting at satellites? Really top secret information wassat
                      1. 517
                        -7
                        21 2021 June
                        Quote: KKND
                        Really over

                        Once again - "the secret of Polichinelle"
                        But objectively I don't want to follow the officer who got "under the distribution" for the product of the 50s.
                      2. +3
                        22 2021 June
                        Quote: KKND
                        Hinting at satellites? Really top secret information

                        Yeah, just the same "Sov. Secret". lol It is very convenient to use secrecy to mask your own inconsistency.

                        This diagram is referenced with Google Earth coordinates. Below is a diagram taken from the Japan Self-Defense Forces website.
      2. +3
        21 2021 June
        Quote: KKND
        With the help of what devices / instruments by what method is it possible to observe the radar of Japs in real time?

        Inflamed imagination and exorbitant conceit ... wassat
        1. +1
          21 2021 June
          Quote: Bongo
          Inflamed imagination and exorbitant conceit ...

          Damn, Sergei, well, such a funny troll. I can't imagine how old it should be to be able to lie like that. Well, really, I would have 14, well, I would have given 16. Well, 18 at most, with a delay in development. Well, so confused and so naive to hope that everything can be covered up with secrecy.
          According to the idea, teenagers should not read VO. Here is a site for seniors mainly, well, or adults.
          So the conclusions about some of the trolls can be very sad.
          1. The comment was deleted.
          2. +4
            21 2021 June
            Quote: KKND
            Damn, Sergei, well, such a funny troll.

            Yes, for a long time I have not crossed paths with such characters on VO wassat I'm used to the fact that the people are mostly adequate.
            1. +1
              21 2021 June
              Listen, Sergei, I left a comment there below, what do you think about how to tell the principles of the operation of weapon systems? I understand that this is extremely difficult, but maybe on the sly? It is not clear, for example, even how the missiles maneuver. When the tail turns, the force acting on the tail or nose (duck) should form a pair of forces together with the center of mass of the rocket and it should begin to rotate and somersault in the air. Of course there is a stabilizer, but it is not clear why there is enough of it and there are missiles without a stabilizer (S-300). And such "elementary" questions are not known to 99% of the inhabitants. I would talk about some kind of weapon system and make insertions in the course of the story. What do you think?
              But of course these "simple" questions need to be understood in detail. In fact, I am certainly asking the unreal. recourse
        2. The comment was deleted.
  3. +7
    20 2021 June
    Hmm.
    Thanks for the detailed article. I knew that the Japanese are not easy pacifists, but I didn't think they were so serious.
    1. +6
      20 2021 June
      Quote: Cherry Nine
      but I didn’t think they were so serious.

      More than serious. They play pacifism with a very powerful military force. But every year it becomes more difficult for them to continue this game, I think in the coming years they will remove their official restrictions. China is militarizing too seriously, and South Korea continues to build up its forces.
      And so Japan and China "fight" for the title of the strongest navy after the United States, quantitatively China is ahead, qualitatively Japan.
    2. +3
      20 2021 June
      Quote: Cherry Nine
      Thanks for the detailed article. I knew that the Japanese are not easy pacifists, but I didn't think they were so serious.

      Here I was accused of disseminating false information in this publication. Are you ready to take on the role of arbiter?
      1. +2
        21 2021 June
        Thank you for your trust, but I am a sofa specialist. And here the role of Paris in the dispute between Hera, Athena and Artemis is proposed. As if not to rattle.
        1. +1
          21 2021 June
          Quote: Cherry Nine
          Thank you for your trust, but I am a sofa specialist. And here the role of Paris in the dispute between Hera, Athena and Artemis is proposed. As if not to rattle.

          Nothing supernatural is required of you. My opponent and I could transfer 10 rubles to your card, after which my counterpart and I provide proof of our innocence. Whoever wins gets the prize. Your 000% of the amount.
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  4. +7
    20 2021 June
    Great article as always! Thank you!
    1. +2
      20 2021 June
      Quote: OgnennyiKotik
      Great article as always! Thank you!

      Join us! good Moreover, I want to note that this article may well be used as a source of intelligence information.
      1. 517
        -2
        20 2021 June
        Quote: Tucan
        this article may well be used as a source of intelligence information.

        lol
        thanks for the charge of humor laughing
      2. -2
        21 2021 June
        Moreover, I want to note that this article may well be used as a source of intelligence information.

        Yes you are right. For the "Young Scout" circle of the Center for Children's Creativity in the city of Uryupinsk - quite.
        1. +2
          21 2021 June
          Quote: Undecim
          Yes you are right. For the "Young Scout" circle of the Center for Children's Creativity in the city of Uryupinsk - quite.

          And that he had to attach 100500 photographs to the article so that there was serious intelligence material? How long does it take to work on an article and how much will it take?
          And so that I suspect the writing of each article takes more time and effort than 90% of other authors on VO.
          In any case, you have the opportunity to write your article and send it for publication. Then show the article quality level unattainable for Sergey.
          There was already a Mi-24 navigator, a veteran Afghan, under the nickname "Shuravi", who actively criticized Sergei under each of his articles. But he himself published only one article on VO about his topic "helicopters" where there were such shoals that Damantsev would "envy" him.
          1. 517
            -3
            21 2021 June
            Quote: KKND
            And that he had to attach 100500 photos to the article so that there was serious intelligence material?

            Yes, at least not stupidly "pontorezit" out of the blue.
            The compiler - yes, the author is not bad.
            But your same "100500" would not have helped him in any way - stupidly due to his near-zero analytical abilities (which he is now demonstrating in the comments)
            1. +2
              21 2021 June
              Quote: 517
              Yes, at least not stupidly "pontorezit" out of the blue

              I almost did not notice the "pontoreson" behind this author, but there were several cases, but considering other authors who have "pontoreson" in comments and articles dozens if not hundreds of times more, I think you can "close your eyes" to this. In general, I noticed on VO it is not accepted to admit that I am wrong among the authors, unfortunately.
              Quote: 517
              The compiler - yes, the author is not bad.

              Go ahead, publish your article yourself, as it should.
              Quote: 517
              But your same "100500" would not have helped him in any way - stupidly due to his near-zero analytical abilities (which he is now demonstrating in the comments)

              Uh .... what are you talking about? Do you think I'm a "virtual" Bongo (Sergey)? wassat
              Well, he is definitely far from Damantsev's analytical skills. Damantsev's analysis is so analysis, all articles are in the most serious section after News and Opinions, Analytics! There, in almost every article, the word analysis sounds right away. I sincerely advise you to read Damantsev, I think he will "go" much more for you.
              1. 517
                -3
                21 2021 June
                Quote: KKND
                Go ahead, publish your article yourself, as it should.

                Sure, not a problem
                Quote: KKND
                what do you mean? Do you think I'm a "virtual" Bongo (Sergey)?

                Of course not, I don't think so
                Quote: KKND
                Well, he is definitely far from Damantsev's analytical skills.

                So why strive for it?
        2. 517
          -1
          21 2021 June
          Quote: Undecim
          Yes you are right. For the "Young Scout" circle of the Center for Children's Creativity in the city of Uryupinsk - quite.

          Yes you what belay ... You are now the "enemies of the people" (as well as the author, and (as it were "softer" laughing ) ... and his "apprentices") will determine laughing
        3. +6
          21 2021 June
          Quote: Undecim
          Yes you are right. For the "Young Scout" circle of the Center for Children's Creativity of the city of Uryupinsk - quite

          I am not responsible for the opinions of other readers, but if you have reasoned claims to the stated in the publication, I am ready to accept them. Otherwise, I will regard it as trolling, which, frankly, did not expect from you.
          1. +4
            21 2021 June
            Quote: Bongo
            Otherwise, I will regard it as trolling, which, frankly, did not expect from you.

            Sergey, this is the former Curios. At first, he liked your articles and he respected you, but then in some article of yours (from my memory, I don't want to look) about Soviet anti-tank infantry weapons in World War II, where you talked about the use of incendiary bottles by Soviet infantry against Hitler's tanks, he suddenly asked you to give a link to the statistics of the effectiveness of the use of these bottles. It is natural to get such statistics even with the help of the Internet, the task is not very real, if such statistics exist in nature at all and you politely left the answer. Looks like he's been holding a grudge against you ever since.
          2. -1
            21 2021 June
            Sergei, have I really expressed a complaint about the article somewhere?
            My comment concerned only a certain toucan and his intelligence knowledge.
            As for the article itself, I have no complaints about the cycle as a source of information (not intelligence), and I respect you, as an author, you know this and I always read your articles with interest in all my nicknames.
            Therefore, the comrades here about the "tooth" are trying in vain and twisting their legs in vain.
            In general, the hamsters, to be honest, are tired. Recently, they have become especially aggressive and get underfoot, interfering with normal communication.
            1. -3
              21 2021 June
              Recently, they have become especially aggressive and get underfoot, interfering with normal communication.
              "Beware of Stobors!" (FROM)
              1. -3
                21 2021 June
                Heinlein did not find the hamsters.
                1. -3
                  21 2021 June
                  But Russian militari lemming described the behavior of the population quite accurately.
                  1. -3
                    21 2021 June
                    Talented people are talented in everything.
            2. +4
              21 2021 June
              Quote: Undecim
              In general, the hamsters, to be honest, are tired. Recently, they have become especially aggressive and get underfoot, interfering with normal communication.

              Is that why I disturbed you so much? A few of your messages in a couple of months? How can they theoretically be prevented? Well, you probably need to tell the unpleasant truth? Does it really hurt your eyes?
              Then the hamsters from other authors on the VO, in fact, do not. It is Sergei who manages to collect hamsters and haters at the same time. The rest of the authors collect only the manipulators of their articles, or they laugh or just hate. All authors on the VO with hamsters "strained" except for Sergei. Or do not hesitate to name another author with hamsters on VO? Where else have hamsters tired you? Show the place.
              Quote: Undecim
              As for the article itself, I have no complaints about the cycle as a source of information (not intelligence), and I respect you, as an author, you know this and I always read your articles with interest in all my nicknames.
              Therefore, the comrades here about the "tooth" are trying in vain and twisting their legs in vain.

              Let's take your word for it. I will keep an eye on you from now on to check the veracity of what has been said. So let's see in the future whether I'm really about the "tooth" in vain or hit the spot. You understand, in that "through the looking glass". hi
              1. -1
                22 2021 June
                I will keep an eye on you from now on

                Do you send comments for approval or do you allow to publish without approval?
  5. +4
    20 2021 June
    Thanks to the author, interesting and informative
    1. 517
      -3
      21 2021 June
      Quote: tima_ga
      Thanks to the author, interesting and informative

      The compilation is not bad.
      But no more than that.
      And the attempts of the author and his hangers-on to pass it off as some kind of high-quality "intelligence" wassat The source is just a trash lol
  6. 0
    21 2021 June
    Radar J / FPS-4 on Mount Takao

    But where is this antenna with a dome ???
    1. +1
      21 2021 June
      Quote: Bogatyrev
      Radar J / FPS-4 on Mount Takao

      But where is this antenna with a dome ???

      On the satellite image presented in the article, isn't the dome visible?
      1. +2
        21 2021 June
        I saw everything, thanks)
  7. +2
    21 2021 June
    Sergey, an excellent article, as always, you have long had your own "style" and your "themes" like many authors on VO, only really serious and not clownish like the other 90%.
    But, personally, I would like to read about the basic physical principles of how and why one or another weapon system works. Why the main principle of missile guidance is "the method of direct proportional navigation", how does the missile fly in general, what forces and at what points of its structure are forces acting on it, at the expense of what forces and where applied it maneuvers, for what reasons they abandoned direct-flow air engines, how radar and heat direction finders specifically work, how stealth technology works, and so on.
    This would really be content unique to the Internet, but for this you need to have deep knowledge in various fields and for expert assumptions that are not far from the truth, you can really "sit down" about our weapons.
    1. 517
      -5
      21 2021 June
      Quote: KKND
      Sergey, excellent article, as always, you have had it for a long time

      "Why does the cockerel praise the cuckoo lol ? - For the fact that he praises the cockerel "- on the topic of Krylov
      lol
    2. +1
      22 2021 June
      Quote: KKND
      But, personally, I would like to read about the basic physical principles of how and why certain weapon systems work. Why the main principle of missile guidance is "the method of direct proportional navigation", how does the missile fly in general, what forces and at what points of its structure are forces acting on it, at the expense of what forces and where applied it maneuvers, for what reasons they abandoned direct-flow air engines, how radar and heat direction finders specifically work, how stealth technology works, and so on.

      Kirill, you can't dig deep here. But even the "tops" of most of the readers are not interesting. No.
  8. 517
    -5
    21 2021 June
    A bit of LIKBEZ for (lameness correction) the author Bongo:
    For combat purposes, RTSs are divided into three classes:
    - combat mode;
    - standby mode;
    - special.

    https://files.mai.ru/site/unit/institute-of-military-science/tvvs/data/g4/4-1-3.html
    If people do not understand (do not know) such basic things, but poses as Yksperta - tady oh lol
    1. +5
      21 2021 June
      Quote: 517
      https://files.mai.ru/site/unit/institute-of-military-science/tvvs/data/g4/4-1-3.html
      If a person does not understand (does not know) such basic things, but pretends to be YkspErta - tady oh

      Will you flood? Have you ever read what the link was given? How does this relate to this publication?
      1. 517
        -5
        21 2021 June
        Quote: zyablik.olga
        What does this have to do with this publication?

        To the dispute in the comments
        With a violent and inadequate reaction of the author - to the generally well-known and "elementary" truths of air defense
        1. +4
          21 2021 June
          Quote: 517
          To the dispute in the comments
          With a violent and inadequate reaction of the author - to the generally well-known and "elementary" truths of air defense

          You just litter the branch, I'm sure tomorrow you will no longer be on VO.
          1. 517
            -5
            21 2021 June
            Quote: zyablik.olga
            You're just littering the branch, I'm sure

            You litter the hike (flood) here you ...
            Well, about your "confidence" lol
            1. +4
              22 2021 June
              Quote: 517
              Well, about your "confidence"

              As predicted
  9. +1
    August 11 2021
    An excellent series of articles. Very informative and well-written. Thanks to the author.

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