The Yenisei radar has been put into service. New opportunities for air defense missile defense

Radar "Yenisei" at the exercises in 2018

The promising multifunctional radar station "Yenisei" has been adopted by the Russian army. Due to high performance and new features, this product will be able to increase the overall potential of air defense. In addition, in the near future, this radar will become part of the S-500 anti-aircraft missile system.

Secret Project

Not much is known about the promising Yenisei radar so far. There are only fragmentary official reports, information from unnamed sources and various estimates. This allows you to create an approximate picture and understand the general prospects of the project, but imposes certain limitations.

The first open reports on the development work of the Yenisei date back to the mid-2014s. This R&D was mentioned in the annual reports of enterprises from the Almaz-Antey Concern. According to these documents, in XNUMX Lianozovsky Electromechanical Plant completed the stages of development of working design documentation. No details were given, however.

In April 2018, the Rossiya 1 TV channel showed a report on air defense exercises at the Ashuluk training ground. A number of already familiar samples that were in service fell into the camera lens. In addition, for the first time they openly showed and named the promising Yenisei radar. Also revealed the main characteristics of this product, but without unnecessary details.

Finally, on May 13, 2021, Gazeta.ru, citing its sources in the military-industrial complex, reports that the Yenisei has been adopted by the air defense and missile defense forces of the aerospace forces. The issues of organizing mass production and the supply of new equipment in part have not yet been disclosed. At the same time, some technical details are given and the prospects for a new development are revealed.

Technical appearance

The appearance of the new radar has so far been shown only once, in a 2018 report. The station was shown in working position along with other components of the radar complex. The shooting was carried out only from one angle, but even this allows us to consider the main features of the product.

Outwardly, the new Yenisei radar resembles the well-known 96L6E All-Altitude Detector station. It is also built on a four-axle MZKT chassis and has a similar layout. A full-rotation antenna device and a container with equipment are placed on the cargo platform. At the same time, the two stations even outwardly differ from each other - they use different antennas. During the 2018 exercise, two van trailers of unclear purpose were located near the radar. Whether they are included in the station's kit is unknown.

"Yenisei" is equipped with an active phased antenna array. In the stowed position, it is laid horizontally, above the cab. When deployed, the AFAR rises to the required angle. The antenna device is capable of rotating to provide a circular view or work in a given sector

The antenna device is larger

Outwardly, the Yenisei AFAR is similar to the devices from the 96L6E composition, but there are significant differences. So, the main fabric of the antenna is divided into two sections of different sizes, at the top there is an additional block of unknown purpose, and the lower part is equipped not with an open lattice antenna, but with closed blocks. All this makes it possible to distinguish between two modern types of radars.

Main Features

According to known data, the Yenisei radar is a multifunctional system capable of detecting and tracking aerodynamic and ballistic targets at ranges up to 600 km and altitudes up to 100 km. Target data is issued to the command post for further use by other air defense components. It is reported that there are several modes of operation with different capabilities.

The main mode is radar with the transmission of probing signals. Declared high characteristics of the range and accuracy of detection. It also provides resistance to electronic warfare. At the same time, new technical solutions make it possible to improve the accuracy of target designation in the presence of interference.

A passive mode is provided, in which the radar operates on the principle of an electronic intelligence station. In this case, the Yenisei receives and processes other people's signals, but does not give itself away with its own radiation. In this mode, the possibility of issuing target designation to air defense fire weapons remains.

Back side of AFAR

Unlike the All-Altitude Detector, the new Yenisei can operate not only in a circular view mode, but also in a narrow sector. This provides an increase in performance in the detection of ballistic targets. In addition, long-term operation in combat duty mode is provided, exceeding the capabilities of older systems.

All modern domestic radars operate in automatic mode, due to which the maximum speed of the station and the air defense system as a whole is achieved, and the load on calculations is also reduced. The new Yenisei is no exception and includes high-performance computing facilities.

Applications

In 2018, the Yenisei station was used during the exercises of the air defense and missile defense forces. Together with other radars, this product ensured the operation of the S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems. It follows from this that the "Yenisei" is compatible with modern systems and can complement their regular facilities, increasing the overall performance.

It was also reported that the Yenisei will be part of the promising S-500 Triumfator / Prometheus air defense system. Again, we are talking about the use of several radars for different purposes, between which the tasks of searching for various targets with certain features will be divided. In such a system, the Yenisei can become the main means of searching for air targets and target designation.

Station 96L6E "All-altitude detector"

From the available data it follows that the new radar has important advantages over existing models. So, the standard 91N6E early warning station from the S-400 air defense system has a detection range of up to 570 km (for large targets), and the 96L6E product monitors objects at ranges up to 300-400 km at altitudes up to 100 km. It is easy to see that the Yenisei, with a range of 600 km and an altitude of 100 km, is capable of replacing both of these models. The increased speed and other features of this station will allow such a replacement without loss.

Obviously, the introduction of the "Yenisei" in the troops will not be associated with serious difficulties. The ability of such a radar to operate as part of existing anti-aircraft systems has been confirmed by tests and exercises. Accordingly, serial stations expected in the near future can be immediately included in the S-400 and put on duty.

The situation with the S-500 complex also gives reasons for optimism. Earlier it was reported that the design and development of all its components have been successfully completed. This year, the first contract for the construction and delivery of the Triumfator to the troops is expected. Together with new missiles, launchers, etc. the army can also order Yenisei radar stations. The timing of putting the S-500 on duty is still unknown, but the prospects for the new radar in this context are quite clear.

Radar Perspectives

Thus, the process of creating new radio-electronic systems for the air defense and anti-missile defense forces does not stop. A new station "Yenisei" has been created, which now has to go into a large series and enter full-fledged operation. It should be expected that the appearance of such a sample, characterized by high performance and wide capabilities, will positively affect both existing and future anti-aircraft systems.

In addition, we can count on the fact that now the army and industry will reveal detailed information about the new domestic development. It is quite possible that currently available data and estimates do not fully correspond to the real state of affairs - and Yenisei is more effective than it is believed.

Comments

[Orange bigg]

Thing!!!

The Yenisei radar station, which entered service with the Russian army, is designed for continuous operation for a long time. For example, the S-400 Triumph radar equipment (a radar complex of a command post and a multifunctional radar of an anti-aircraft missile division) was not originally intended to operate for such a long period, since anti-aircraft battles and battles do not take place for long hours and days.

It is this feature of the "Yenisei" that allows you to receive intelligence information for a long time, which is important for the means of conducting radar reconnaissance. At the same time, the operator's error factor is practically excluded - the radar works, as they say, in full automatic mode.

"Yenisei" is a fully digital locator, its antenna is an active phased array. In addition, the radar is an active-passive tool that can conduct reconnaissance and carry out the detection of air targets and the issuance of target designations to air defense fire weapons even without going on the air. That is, "Yenisei" has the functions of conducting electronic intelligence.

In particular, information about targets from the "Yenisei" is issued to the multifunctional radars of the S-400 and S-500 anti-aircraft missile systems.
This year, a contract will be signed for the supply of S-500 air defense systems, since all the components of the system are already ready. As for the S-400 air defense system, the Yenisei (along with the 96L6 all-altitude detector) is already included in this system.

The Yenisei locator is equipped with remote posts, which allows it to successfully deal with jammers. For example, the success of the US Air Force in many local conflicts was ensured by the fact that almost all air defense systems of Washington's opponents were suppressed by powerful and well-organized interference.

But this does not apply to the "Yenisei". The higher the intensity of interference, the better the locator ties up target routes and more accurately gives target designations to air defense fire weapons. So, with the adoption of the Yenisei by the Russian Aerospace Forces, the United States, one might say, lost this trump card of its own.

In addition, the "Yenisei" well "sees" and accompanies its launched anti-aircraft guided missiles and can very accurately determine whether the target is hit in the event of a meeting. This feature of the locator really liked the leadership of the VKS anti-aircraft missile forces. Now, with the help of the Yenisei, they can assess the effectiveness of the anti-aircraft missile units.

And this system has another remarkable feature. For example, a missile of the Iskander-M operational-tactical complex first rises to a great height (about 100 km). Then, on the descending part of the trajectory, it begins to actively maneuver. This makes it almost impossible to intercept it.

Moreover, on the way to the target, the Iskander rocket releases carbon filaments, which leads to complete illumination of the enemy radar indicator screens, that is, such an abundance of false targets appears that any effective operation of the enemy’s anti-aircraft missile systems on such missiles becomes simply unrealistic . In the United States, no effective method of confrontation with the missiles of this complex has been developed.

"Yenisei" "sees" such targets, can steadily accompany them and issue accurate target designations on them.

https://m.gazeta.ru/army/2021/05/13/13591220.shtml

[MrFox]

The higher the intensity of interference, the better the locator ties target routes and more accurately gives target designations to air defense fire weapons.

What is this nonsense?

[mark1]

It is quite possible that currently available data and estimates do not fully correspond to the real state of affairs - and Yenisei is more effective than it is believed.

You have been deceived. You've been given much better fur...

This is just the case when it’s not a shame for cheating.

[And Us Rat]

"Yenisei" is equipped with an active phased antenna array.

With an initiative.
And where are the PFAR apologists who claimed that AFAR has no advantages over PFAR and is not needed at all? What will they say to that?

[Orange bigg]

What is the reason? Radars with AFAR also have S-400 and S-350, adopted for service.

[And Us Rat]

Quote: OrangeBigg

Radars with AFAR also have S-400

The 91H6E detection radar operates in a circular view mode, is three-coordinate, noise-proof. This radar has an important advantage in comparison with ground-based standby and combat radars, it is equipped with a phased array with two-dimensional beam scanning.

Went through dozens of sites and nowhere did not find confirmation that 91N6E is AFAR.

Quote: OrangeBigg

and S-350

According to the 50N6A radar - a similar picture.

[Grognag]

And you were looking in the wrong place, try to read about the IVO

[Hexenmeister]

Where are the benefits? Firstly, this is a combined system, and for passive direction finding, AFAR is certainly better because of the larger range, and for the classic active mode, that is, with radiation, a very controversial solution is presented. Mechanical rotation to ensure a circular view is the twenty-first century in the yard, although there may have been such a technical specification, but it means that not everything will be fine with autonomous operation in all azimuths. Sector view on a flat canvas - uneven detection range at different angles. Further, why is everyone attached to an altitude of 100 km? What is the difference between detection at altitudes of 100 and 200 km? And the most interesting, but what about low-altitude targets? Or will the "other uncle" keep an eye on them?

[DED_peer_DED]

AFAR is certainly better because of the larger range

Due to the larger range of WHAT, is AFAR better?
I would like to hear the opinion of a specialist about "a larger range of something there, that, that ..."

[Hexenmeister]

The operating frequency range is greater.

[DED_peer_DED]

Quote: Hexenmeister

More operating frequency range

On what basis?

[Hexenmeister]

And that the waveguide will pass any frequency through itself?

[DED_peer_DED]

Quote: Hexenmeister

And that the waveguide will pass any frequency through itself?

Answering a question with a question?
Clear.

[bk0010]

Quote: And Us Rat

and do not need it at all? What will they say to that?

Not "not needed", but you can do it. Which of the advantages of AFAR are critical here? Terrain mapping mode? Yeah, what about an air defense radar without it? The ability to block the direction from which they interfere? But excuse me, the enemy is right there, and there are remote posts (they remained even with AFAR). Possibility to interfere? Yeah, this is very important for the air defense radar, there are no other things to do. Yes, and there is a normal equipment for this. Continue to work when the antenna is damaged by shrapnel? This is not bad, but there is no air defense here, if a surface-to-air missile arrives, you are unlikely to get off with a few fragmentation hits.

[Herman 4223]

With a large antenna area, AFAR is better in the sense that there is no danger of breakdown of the waveguides due to high power. The area of ​​​​the antenna can be safely done more, and this matters.

[sivuch]

Nobody has ever claimed this. Only first you need to decide - what kind of radar are we talking about. , More precisely, land (sea) or air.

[spectr]

Each has its pros and cons. In PFAR, the antenna design is simpler (because there are no active elements in the antenna), respectively, there is less that breaks. But the further we want to see, the more powerful the klystron should be (which is not so easy to create). The failure of the klystron actually means the failure of the radar.
In AFAR, active elements are located in the antenna array and distributed, for example, in rows (this also allows you to create very powerful antennas). The failure of some of them does not mean the failure of the entire radar. Accuracy may fall, but it will work.
However, the design of the antenna turns out to be more complex and massive, which is why there are additional difficulties in operation (it breaks more often), as well as installation on high-altitude supports.

[SHOPPING MALL]

Quote: spectr

Each has its pros and cons...

APAA works effectively in interference conditions, providing a dip in the directivity pattern in the direction of the interference source.

[Hexenmeister]

APAA works effectively in interference conditions, providing a dip in the directivity pattern in the direction of the interference source.

But it turns out that the author of "L" in his old article, talking about the "outdated" Su-30MKI, according to the Indian generalisimo, unexpectedly gave a description of a certain electronic warfare system:

The main purpose of the SAP-518 is the individual protection of the aircraft, military observer Alexei Leonkov said in 2018. - The system works on the principle of anti-radar. That is, it constantly gives distorted information to enemy locators: it reflects the signal with a delay, confuses distance measurement to an object, speed and angular position. This prevents the radar from detecting targets, determine their parameters and generate the necessary data for weapons systems

And it turns out that there are jammers that do not allow you to determine the angular coordinates, but there will be no angles, and there will be nowhere to "put" a dip in the DN. So what method of determining the angular coordinates of the jammer would you suggest, given the specified countermeasure method?

[spectr]

The failure is provided by an autocompensator.

[Hexenmeister]

In what way?

[spectr]

As far as I understand it, with the help of PBL channels, the presence of active interference is determined and additional signal suppression is introduced, which leads to a dip in the diagram.

[Hexenmeister]

The directivity pattern of the aPAR is changed by controlling the phase shifters and attenuators. Creating a RP with a dip for aPAR is a "common mathematical" task, and if it is possible to make a "dip" in this way, then it will certainly give a useful effect in all situations, but the problem is "in the corners". And all these "compensators", which seem to create a "failure", they have "conditional" effectiveness, since they give a lot of negative side effects, are applicable only for simple interference conditions, and in complex ones they are simply not effective. In addition, all these "PBL" are easily implemented on any type of antenna, and are characteristic not only of aPAR,

[Grognag]

I want to add that with high power, the afar elements need to be cooled, and again, with high air cooling power, liquid is not enough, which again will entail a greater complexity of the antenna and, therefore, low reliability

[petrol cutter]

It must be assumed that the machine is useful in the national economy.
Assemblers of the third / first workshop, as well as welders, approve of such initiatives.

[Serpet]

This machine has another advantage - it was not exported. Yes, and with Ukraine, the paths in the development of the radar diverged a long time ago - we already have our own path

[rocket757]

The Yenisei radar has been put into service. New opportunities for air defense missile defense

. There is no invisible, in our reality YET. They just didn't look at it.

[Stepan S]

In addition, the "Yenisei" well "sees" and accompanies its launched anti-aircraft guided missiles and can very accurately determine whether the target is hit in the event of a meeting. This feature of the locator really liked the leadership of the VKS anti-aircraft missile forces.

And before that time, as in air defense, they learned that the target was hit. After all, we have always seen on TV how air defense crews look at the radar screen and report that the target has been hit.

[spectr]

In the past, people used to do it with their eyes. And so, in principle, it is not difficult to do. The main operator (or connected air defense system) must indicate which of the targets is a missile, and then analyze this missile for rendezvous with other targets. If, after approaching, the missile and the target are no longer detected, then it can be assumed that the target was shot down.

[123456789]

Russian weapons of the future.

[Herman 4223]

Judging by the picture, there are two different radars on the same installation. And they work at different frequencies as I understand it. The attack solution is like that of our fighters.

[UA3QHP]

So, the main antenna canvas is divided into two sections of different sizes, at the top there is an additional block of unknown purpose,

The additional block is most likely a 1030/1090 MHz interrogator.
Dividing the canvas into two parts - perhaps a smaller part - transmitting modules, the lower one - receiving.

[UA3QHP]

Unlike the All-Altitude Detector, the new Yenisei can operate not only in a circular view mode, but also in a narrow sector.

Why did it happen?
96L6E works quite well in the sector view mode.
http://militaryarticle.ru/zemlya/rls-reb-i-t-p-sredstva/20243-radiolokacionnaja-stancija-96l6e

[Zaurbek]

Khodarenok Mikhail told in the "hour of the Militarist" that the Yenisei is not sensitive to interference, and the PP itself improves guidance on itself with its interference.