Arabat arrow and Genichesk - almost Crimea, almost Russia?

Found a scythe on the sea

"Arabat arrow" - this narrow waterless spit, separating the Sivash from the Sea of ​​Azov, literally wedges into the Crimea. It is no coincidence that in 1920, the divisions of the Red Army marched along it to the peninsula, and during the Great Patriotic War, both the Germans and we used it during the offensive.

The length of the arrow that cut through the Azov, forming the so-called Rotten Sea, is about 120 km. The arrow has always been considered part of the Crimea, specifically the Azov region, but it is divided into two almost equal parts - now Ukrainian and Russian.

It is because of the “arrow” that Crimea, from the northeast, is literally in a kind of semi-embrace of “independent” Ukraine. Exactly half the length of the arrow - its northern and almost the entire central part (Strelkovsky and Schastlivtsevsky districts) - belong to Ukraine.

A direct consequence of the division, already very long ago, has become the current maximum strategic vulnerability of Crimea. In case of various kinds of conflicts with Kiev, it remains a serious problem.

Although everything happened quite a long time ago, more precisely, exactly one year after the transfer of the Crimean region from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR - in March 1955. Before that, the entire territory of the arrow was quite logically part of the administrative structure of the peninsula.

Now it may well be that the "circumcision" was carried out with a distant aim: what if the region will return to Russia? In this case, Ukraine was given the opportunity to secure low-vulnerable borders near the remote eastern Crimean coast.

We were unable to obtain any original copy of the legal decision on the arrow of those years, but its text is given in a number of books and magazines. Therefore, we will simply quote here the key lines from the corresponding decree:

"Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR" On the transfer of the Strelkovsky and Schastlivtsevsky village councils of the Crimean region to the Kherson region. "

List the Strelkovsky and Schastlivtsevsky village councils of the Dzhankoy district of the Crimean region as part of the Genichesky district of the Kherson region.

D. Korotchenko
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR

V. Nizhnik
Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR

Kiev, March 3, 1955 ".

Arrow on the map

Agree, a very peculiar term was used for such serious territorial changes - "list". What is more characteristic: back in November 1952, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, on the "recommendation" of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, prepared a draft resolution on the transfer of the city and port of Genichesk to the Crimean region of the RSFSR.

At that time, they understood its inextricable connection with the peninsula and made sure that it was in the Crimea. In Moscow, it was quite objectively believed that, firstly, Genichesk was historically focused on economic and cultural ties with the Crimea, and not with the Kherson region.

In addition, the Azov Crimea had to have its own port, otherwise the entire east of the peninsula is doomed to long-term vegetation. But ... Stalin soon died, the issue was hushed up, and Genichesk remained and still remains a part of the Kherson region of Ukraine.

The city and its environs - fertile and very beautiful lands are separated by a narrow strait from the Arabat spit. The length of this strait is only about 4 km, and the width is no more than 135 m.

The need to “write down” and not “list” Genichesk to Crimea is even confirmed historically. For example, by the fact that Genichesk is designated as part of the Crimea on the "Map of the Crimean Khanate and the Waters Washing It", compiled in 1562 by the Briton Anthony Jenkinson.

In addition, Genichesk - with its transfer to the Crimean region of the RSFSR - was planned to be renamed into Ust-Azovsk. Since in translation from Turkic and Nogai, the former name means, respectively, “thin water” and “new thin (...)”: in both versions, it means a fortress or port in a narrow strait between the Sivash and the Sea of ​​Azov.

But the Ukrainian authorities were able to ignore the Stalinist project to unite Genichesk with Crimea. Moreover, since the second half of 1953, the Crimean region began to prepare for the re-subordination of the Ukrainian SSR. That is why the Ukrainian Crimea did not "need" Ust-Azovsk ...

This map in 1590 was included in the first global geographic atlas "The Spectacle of the Earthly World" by the Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius. The same was indicated in 1687 by the map of the Crimean Khanate of the German geographer Yokhim Sandrart.

As for the Arabat arrow, from March 15 to December 2014 inclusive - a part of this arrow (northern and 70% central), not part of the Crimea, it was controlled by Russia. Which, of course, strengthened the security of the Crimea.

In a broader context, the position of “Genichesk and the entire arrow in Crimea” would allow the restoration of a legally legitimate and natural geographically border in the northeast of Russian Crimea. And within this border there has always been - both in the Crimean Khanate, and before its creation - exactly the entire Arabat arrow.

But it did not happen: it seems that under external pressure, since January 2015, the Russian-Ukrainian border on the same isthmus has been restored the same as it has become here - between the “fraternal” republics since March 3, 1955.

Past and people

Genichesk historically, since the times of the Crimean Khanate (XIII-XVIII centuries), is closely connected with the economy of the Crimea. For centuries, the Genichesky port accounted for about a third of the Crimean foreign trade. And then, and later, Genichesk, due to its location, was considered an outpost blocking the Crimean Sivash and northeastern Crimea from external aggression.

Such a role of Genichesk during the Soviet period was manifested, for example, in the fact that freight traffic between the Crimea and the Ukrainian SSR in the 30s and in 1946-1955. more than a quarter were carried out through Genichesk. It is also characteristic that Genichesk, from the 60s to the present, is supplied with gas from the north of Crimea.

Is it any wonder that in 2016–2017. due to the “gas famine” in the Kherson region of Ukraine, supplies of this gas to Genichesk were increased by almost half. Unofficial trade between Ukraine and Crimea continues today, despite barriers, bans and provocations. And these deliveries are carried out mainly through Genichesk.

In the second half of the 45th century, the Transkrym post tract was built on the Arabat Spit - from Feodosia to Genichesk, with five post stations along the route. And shortly before the onset of the XNUMXth century, a single-track railway was built from the Arabat Spit to Genichesk with a length of XNUMX km.

Is it worth it to prove that this was done to strengthen both internal and external economic ties of the peninsula. But later, after about a hundred years, this road was abandoned by the authorities of the Ukrainian SSR, and at the end of the 90s of the last century, in general, they were dismantled. Not otherwise - to "distance" Genichesk from the Crimea.

The proposals of Ukrainian experts to extend this artery along the Arabat Spit to the Vladislavovka-Kerch railway were rejected by the authorities for the same reason. And with the same purpose: the northern part of the arrow adjacent to Genichesk was transferred from the Crimea to the Kherson region on March 3, 1955 ...

PS

And today Genichesk, not paying attention to the constant reminders of the occupation, gravitates towards the Crimea - there is nowhere to go. Only in Crimea can you earn good money by selling what is grown and produced in Genichesk and its Ukrainian environs. But this is a completely separate topic.

Comments

[210ox]

The previous administrative-territorial division now reverberates in full.

[Stas157]

Quote: 210ox

The previous administrative division is now backfires in full.

Always shared as they could and as convenient. Before РјРѕРіР »Ryo share as you like. And apparently it was conveniently, since such a division did not create any problems within the USSR. But now they see a huge problem in such a division. But share and take yours back already can not... So is it worth blaming ancestors?

[Nyrobsky]

Quote: Stas157

Previously, they could share as they liked. And apparently it was convenient, since such a division did not create any problems within the USSR. But now they see a huge problem in such a division. But they can no longer divide and take back what is theirs.

So, after the collapse of the USSR, the procedure for demarcating the borders between the Russian Federation and Ukraine has not been completed, and accordingly there is no legally formalized, interstate agreement on the recognition of existing borders, and therefore not everything is lost.

[Stas157]

Quote: Nyrobsky

and therefore not all is lost

If they wanted and could (and this was at the time of 2014 more than possible), then not only Genichesk would be Russian, but also Donbass and the entire South-East of Ukraine. Crimea was able to, but Donbass after the arrival of the Swiss messenger had already changed their minds. Genichesk - legal relations get in the way ... This is nothing more than an excuse.

[Nyrobsky]

Quote: Stas157

Quote: Nyrobsky

and therefore not all is lost

If they wanted and could (and this was at the time of 2014 more than possible), then not only Genichesk would be Russian, but also Donbass and the entire South-East of Ukraine. Crimea was able to, but Donbass after the arrival of the Swiss messenger had already changed their minds. Genichesk - legal relations get in the way ... This is nothing more than an excuse.

You are talking about the prevailing wilds, and I am talking about the existing international legal and legal structure, which is such that there is no signed bilateral agreement between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on the final recognition of the existing borders, as well as on the absence of territorial claims on the fact of their solution.
After the end of the Second World War, the West recognized the borders of the USSR, but not every single republic that was part of it, the administrative-territorial boundaries of which were determined by its internal acts.

[For example]

The Turks simply entered Syria saying that it was ours.
Turks came to Azerbaijanis and said we are one people.

And who chews snot, he will chew them.

[Nyrobsky]

Quote: For example

The Turks simply entered Syria saying that it was ours. The Turks came to the Azerbaijanis and said we were one people.

Well, Russia also entered Syria. Only if the Turks entered as occupiers, then ours legally. As for Azerbaijan, they went there by agreement with Baku. So what? They went to Azerbaijan, we went to Armenia.

Quote: For example

And who chews snot, he will chew them.

Unlike you, I am not so observant and do not know who you are writing about, and therefore, as a connoisseur of all those who are fond of this hobby, try to expand your idea wider - Who ?, Where ?, Why? and For what reason does he do it?

[Kronos]

Legal grounds worry those who are weak and are always ready to make excuses.

[Nyrobsky]

Quote: Kronos

Legal grounds worry those who are weak and are always ready to make excuses.

Yes, fullness to you. This is good for the courtyard punks, but as a rule, reckless nesses are shot first, and therefore there is an unshakable rule - Strength is in truth, and luck is on the side of the patient.

[Bad_gr]

Quote: Stas157

If they wanted and could (and this was at the time of 2014 more than possible), then not only Genichesk would be Russian, but also Donbass,

Crimea and Donbass are completely different situations. If the population of Crimea is almost completely in favor of joining Russia, then in the currently unrecognized republics there is no consensus on this matter.

[saigon]

Is that what is changing our Donbass and the entire South-East?
Luda the stub of Ukraine in non-Russia will be hostile to us, and talk about the border along the Dnieper and other places does not make sense!
Only all of Ukraine, other options, this is the current state only in a different form.

[Basarev]

And not only Khlamina. Ideally, the maximum western pre-Mongol border of Russia should be restored. Until the last piece is included in the composition, the lands will not be harvested. In my opinion, during the First World War, during the offensive on Austria, Russia briefly occupied that last piece.

[Krasnoyarsk]

Quote: Nyrobsky

So it would be, after the collapse of the USSR, the procedure for demarcating the borders between the Russian Federation and Ukraine is not completed, and accordingly there is no legal

= On January 28, 2003, in Kiev, presidents Vladimir Putin and Leonid Kuchma signed an agreement between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on the state border. The document was ratified by the parliaments of both countries in April 2004. The document defined only the border from Belarus to the Sea of ​​Azov. =
The border is not defined only along the Sea of ​​Azov. The rest is legalized.
But due to the fact that Ukraine has not extended the "Grand Treaty", Russia has some legal grounds to declare a revision of the borders.
Although the article is written chaotically, the hint is quite clear to myself.
But, in fairness, it should be noted that geographically Genichesk does not belong to Crimea. It is located on the mainland of Ukraine. And the Arabat arrow was profiled in the 14th year. But they could not profuse.

[Nyrobsky]

The agreement you mentioned did not provide for the demarcation of the borders, securing them in fact, until the completion of the preparation of work on the demarcation of the borders. As part of the agreement signed between VVP and Yushchenko, preparatory work on border demarcation was supposed to be carried out before 2009. As part of the implementation of this agreement, a joint demarcation commission was established on May 17, 2010. However, the joint work of the commission was thwarted by the Ukrainian side, whose commission worked unilaterally without the participation of the Russian side, which violates the procedure established by international norms, and therefore the result of their work is not legally binding for Russia. In this case, too, acting in defiance of Russia, Ukraine managed to play against itself, as well as in everything else from the annual New Year's whims and hysterics with gas transit, to the severing of economic ties in painful issues for itself. So, besides themselves, they have no one to blame.

[Krasnoyarsk]

Quote: Nyrobsky

So, besides themselves, they have no one to blame.

Nobody argues with this.

[antivirus]

to rename the Crimea to the Tauride province within the borders of 1917 .......................................... .........................

[sevryuk]

That's it. Administrative boundaries should not be confused with state ones - they are like partitions in an apartment and its walls. The root of the problem lies in the "collapse of the USSR", and it is necessary to return to it. ...

[Bad_gr]

Quote: sevryuk

The root of the problem lies in the "collapse of the USSR", and it is necessary to return to it. ...

The root of the problems appeared after the revolution, when the borders of the republics were drawn along ethnic lines.

[Basarev]

Not even on the national level - but tried to chop off as much as possible from the Russians, even from scratch they came up with non-existent ethnic groups like Belarusians and Ukrainians.

[Azzzwer]

210ox
7 May 2021 05: 25
The previous administrative division is now reversed in full

Well, the ancestors could not know that their descendants would turn out to be fools.

[Olgovich]

everything is true about Genichesk.

But is he the only one? And what about Mariupol, Berdyansk, Nikolaev, Odessa?

What sore head came to hand over the Russian Novorossia to Ukraine and carry out violent Ukrainization there?

[tihonmarine]

Quote: Olgovich

What sore head came to hand over the Russian Novorossia to Ukraine and carry out violent Ukrainization there?

A sick head was at that time alone the northern part of the arrow adjacent to Genichesk was transferred from the Crimea to the Kherson region on March 3, 1955 ...
, This is N.S. Khrushchev.

[Humpty]

Quote: tihonmarine

A sick head was at that time one northern part of the arrow adjacent to Genichesk was transferred from the Crimea to the Kherson region on March 3, 1955 ...
, This is N.S. Khrushchev.

There are no fundamental objections, although for sure he was not the only one who rode foolishly. How then to evaluate the fact that with the quite dean Joseph Vissarionovich, in 1936 more than 3 square kilometers of territory were withdrawn from the RSFSR. On the part of which the Russians lived much longer than in the Crimea. Really, without such "broad gestures" the community - the Soviet people could not develop ...

[Olgovich]

Quote: Humpty

in 1936, over 3 square kilometers of territory were withdrawn from the RSFSR.

but in total after the formation of the USSR, after 1922, Russia lost 4 million km2.

In particular, the territory of the BSSR in 1924 and 1926 was increased TWO TIMES compared to 1922, at the expense of the Smolensk province.

From Russia, like a sack of potatoes, without the demand of people, they transferred Mogilev, Gomel, Vitebsk and so forth ...

[Sergej1972]

I will correct, not twice, but three times.

[parusnik]

It is there, in that direction, that sturgeon breeds go to winter, and in the spring, to spawn, to raise fat on the Russian side. But not all come back from there. They beat the sturgeon there in the so-called pits. And on the Russian side it is hard, there is practically nowhere to spawn. However, this also applies to other fish species.

[Alevil]

So it is necessary to put forward official territorial claims against Ukraine. An extra reason will appear if something is suddenly wrong.

[tihonmarine]

Quote: Alevil

So it is necessary to put forward official territorial claims against Ukraine. An extra reason will appear if something is suddenly wrong.

Official claims at the government level should have been made for a long time. Although after the Eltsin-Krvchuk-Shukhevech agreement, this is difficult to do.

[Orca]

Quote: tihonmarine

Quote: Alevil

So it is necessary to put forward official territorial claims against Ukraine. An extra reason will appear if something is suddenly wrong.

Official claims at the government level should have been made for a long time. Although after the Eltsin-Krvchuk-Shukhevech agreement, this is difficult to do.

Not hard - 2-3 hours for the entire operation, and "without a single shot", no more. True, after that honey agarics will screech - "Russia is the aggressor"; and the next throwing of all sorts of shit in our direction by "Western partners" will begin. Yes, we have a host of them. Well, let Genichesk stay in / on the outskirts ... for now.

[cniza]

But this is a completely separate topic.

But it must be solved, otherwise the problems will only grow ...

[Dym71]

It is also characteristic that Genichesk, from the 60s to the present, is supplied with gas from the north of Crimea.
Is it any wonder that in 2016–2017. due to the “gas famine” in the Kherson region of Ukraine, supplies of this gas to Genichesk were increased by almost half.

In the Genichesk region, they have their own gas, they have nowhere to store, so the produced gas was sent to the Crimea and fed from there by reverse as needed.

Quote: www.genichesk.com.ua 20.08.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX

The Strelkovskoye industrial grade gas field was discovered in 1963. Today, the Strelkovoye field (Arabatskaya Strelka) is being developed by Chernomornaftogaz JSC, gas is used to meet the needs of the city of Genichesk and villages on the Arabatskaya Strelka that are not connected with the main GTS of Ukraine.
In 2019, the company produced 8,9 million cubic meters. m of gas.

[Jacket in stock]

I never got it view the author.
Rather, it looks like history

[Dimka75]

The author's opinion is that he cares about everything. And this is important and correct.

today Genichesk, not paying attention to the constant reminders of the occupation, gravitates towards the Crimea - there is nowhere to go. Only in Crimea you can make good money

a huge country of Russia, millions of millions of square kilometers. Millions of people, resources, beauty, fields and rivers.
And find that Genichesk, try it at the Maloros?

if you open a map of the world, there is Russia, but Ukraine is not visible.
I will open a map of the USSR - there is Russia, and then Ukraine appeared, somewhere there is a tama marigold at the bottom left, Crimea is not visible anyway.
If you open the map of Ukraine, you can see the Arabatskaya arrow, a 500-meter-wide (!) Line of sand along the Crimea.
And then Genichesk is not visible.

But apples and cherries to local residents, according to the author, have nowhere to sell, except for the Crimea. This is the problematic of this article.
That's what people are interested in.

[Yuri Tverdokhleb]

In fact, at the time of the Crimean spring of 2014, polite guys were standing near Strelkovoye, and this is more than half of the arrow.

[Reiter]

At the UN, Ukraine did not register its borders, the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, ... between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, Ukraine since April 1, 2019, by the will of Ukraine, has already ceased to exist, the demarcation between the Russian Federation and Ukraine has not been completed, especially since Crimea has ceased to exist Ukrainian and became Russian, therefore, new border-territorial issues arose for this demarcation, and since Ukraine wanted to join NATO in 2008 and first get an action plan, it actually chose a side and lost legal neutrality, because the Budapest Memorandum is not rolling, Moreover, this is just a memorandum, and not even ratified by the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation has all the rights to territorial claims.

[Anachoret]

and the whole Kherson region gravitates towards the Crimea) it is better to accept it entirely or as part of the Tauride province within the borders of 1917 to the very Elizavetgrad
the whole problem is in two disasters in a hundred years: 1917 and 1991

[riwas]

I remember the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2003 over Tuzla.
How did history judge? The same will happen with the Arabat arrow.

[Yuri Tverdokhleb]

The collapse of the ukrokolonia is inevitable, and there is a high probability that the Russian regions will return.

[ccsr]

Author:
Alexey Chichkin, Alexey Podymov

A direct consequence of the division, already very long ago, has become the current maximum strategic vulnerability of Crimea. In case of various kinds of conflicts with Kiev, it remains a serious problem.

I think that the authors are too far from military affairs, otherwise they would have known that even the Black Sea Fleet, armed with tactical and operational nuclear weapons, is able to defeat Ukraine by inflicting nuclear strikes on the country's command centers, including the capital ... So, there is no strategic vulnerability of Crimea here, given that this is the territory of the Southern Military District, which means that there are enough forces and means to protect the peninsula from any attack, even from NATO countries located in the Black Sea region.

[svoit]

strange, but why not reunited with the Crimea within the borders of 1954? all subsequent conversions are illegal

[lazy]

do the second propose to annex Genichesk to the Crimea? but as? and if they wanted, why didn't they behave like people in Crimea? in the Donbass?

[sinoptic]

What kind of nonsense ?! "Having lost their head through their hair, they don't cry."
They took Crimea, that it was impossible to decide on these lands?
Anyway, everything was done the way we needed it. Why are they shy here?
International opposition will not be added,
no one will understand whether we grabbed this arrow for ourselves or not.

[SANITAR LESA]

why did you transfer it in January 2015? it was necessary to leave until the demarcation of the border and Ukraine's recognition of the LPR ...

[Irina77777]

Respect to the author for raising this topic! The Arabat arrow has always been an integral part of the Crimea. A small historical addition - Genichesk (the history of the settlement begins with the Decree of Catherine II dated 10.02.1874/1/1903 - see in detail V.M. Pihulya "Genichesk and Genichane" - https://www.genichesk.com.ua/other/genbook /1932.php) and the Arabat arrow were part of the Tauride province, but belonged to different counties. A.S. - Feodosia u., Genichesk (city status since 1944) - Melitopol u. (since XNUMX Genichesk became part of the Dnieper region, since XNUMX the Zaporozhye region).

The return of these lands to Crimea can be called historical justice. But from a practical point of view, we should talk about the return of the entire strip of Northern Tavria adjacent to the Crimea. Otherwise, residents of Genichesk and the settlements of the Arabat arrow
will be cut off from their regional center by the territory of a foreign state. Before the collapse of the USSR, a sandy road with an invariable "slate" ran along the Strelka. It was periodically leveled with graders. We drove along this "tract" mainly in off-road vehicles. After the separation of Ukraine, the road was completely abandoned. The railway line did not run along the entire Strelka, but only to the Razezd 77 km station (Dismantled railway along the Arabat Spit - https://tayni.su/243/), in the autumn-spring period it was washed away. Before the construction of the bridge over the Ravoina, even the automobile communication of the villages of the Arabat Spit with Genichesk was interrupted for a couple of weeks. Of course, with the will and sufficient funding, all problems are solvable. You can build a road along the Arabat arrow. It will only be a pity for the ruined piece of untouched nature. In Schastlivtsevo, for the sake of building a boarding house, salt lakes with an interesting fauna were destroyed (the boarding house was never completed).