Heraldry: insignia and minor lines of the genus

248
Heraldry: insignia and minor lines of the genus
The coat of arms of "disinherited". A still from the 1982 movie "Ivanhoe". But the book says that the inscription is below?

“He wore a steel carapace with a rich gold notch: the motto on his shield depicted a young oak, uprooted; beneath it was an inscription in Spanish: "Desdichado", which means "Uninherited." He rode on an excellent black horse. Driving along the galleries, he bowed his spear with a graceful movement, greeting the prince and the ladies. "
("Ivanhoe" W. Scott)

Coats of arms and heraldry. Many of the readers of VO, who turned their attention to the "stamp series" of articles, asked questions about how exactly the coats of arms of the sons and daughters of the armigers differed if they received them while their father was still alive. And after his death, were there any changes to their coats of arms?

It is believed that "raison d'etre", that is, the way heraldry survive for centuries, is associated with its ability to glorify the personality of any individual with such visual means and in such a way that its coat of arms can be considered as a kind of passport of the bearer or even its pictographic characteristic.



For example, a red palm sign painted on a warrior's shield or on his body meant that he had killed an enemy in hand-to-hand combat. A horizontal line - made a ku, a horseshoe - stole a horse. And in the same way, during the heyday of chivalry, the sovereign lords did the same, putting their coat of arms on the shield, and on the surcoat, and on the horse blanket. And they also had them on the helmet, saddle, pennant, and even on the dresses of their wife and daughter.


Reconstruction of Sir Geoffrey Lutrell's coat of arms from the famous Lutrell Psalter.
Illustration from the book D. Nicolle Medieval Knights, p. 14 / fig. Angus McBride

Interestingly, we find something similar in the culture of the Indians of North America.

At the same time, each country had its own heraldic rules and institutions. So, for example, in Poland, one coat of arms could be used by many families, and not directly related to blood, since it was permissible for the entire clan to use it.

In some countries, personal coats of arms differ only when it comes to the coats of arms of the branches of royal houses. In Scotland, families amend their coats of arms through the court of Lord Lyon. And there are special distinctive emblems known as "line of the younger generation" or "decals".

Some "moments" in heraldry may well become a pretext for accusations of the most blatant gender discrimination. For example, daughters are not considered as significant in her as their brothers. In the same England, very little attention has been paid to them in heraldry until now. Except when only they became heraldic heirs.

Even when the family had several daughters, and there were no sons, they did not have any special distinctive symbols of the younger generation in their coats of arms, and everyone received the coat of arms of their father.

In the Iberian Peninsula, however, the situation is completely different. There, the female part of the family is as important as the male part. And in Portugal, any family member has the right to choose the surname and coat of arms of any side of the family he likes at will, and the system of distinctive signs indicates from the parents or great-grandfathers this coat of arms was received (or rather, chosen).


Samples of coats of arms with a lambel, denoting the eldest son in the family, and coat of arms for the tournament: 1. Antoine de Toulonjon. Four-part coat of arms; in the 1st and 4th quarters on the red field there are three wavy golden belts; in the 2nd and 3rd quarters on the red field there are three double narrow belts. 2. Jean de la Tremoville. In a gold field with a red border, a red rafter is accompanied by three blue eagles with red beaks and paws. 3. Gilbert de Lannoy. In the silver field there are three green lions in golden crowns with red teeth and tongues. Shield with scalloped red border. An azure lambel is imposed on top of the shield. 4. Jean de Luxembourg. In a silver field, a red rebellious lion with a double tail, facing right, with gold claws and a crown. An azure lambel is superimposed on the lion's figure. 5. Jean de Villiers de l'Isle-Adam. In a field of gold there is a blue head, burdened with an ermine hand with the same pennon hanging down. 6. Antoine de Croix. Four-part coat of arms; in the 1st and 4th quarters, in a silver field, there are three red hatchets; in the 2nd and 3rd quarters on the silver field there are three red belts. 7. Robert de Mamin. In a blue field, a golden lion with red claws and tongue and the same lily on its shoulder. 8. Jacques de Brimaud. In the silver field there are three red eagles with blue paws and beaks, and in the heart is a red born lion. 9. Pierre de Boffremont. The coat of arms is four-part; in the 1st and 4th parts, a field of squirrel gold with red (coat of arms of the Boffremons); in 2 and 3 in a red field there are three gold five-leaf leaves (Verzhi's coat of arms), on top of everything in the heart there is a red shield with three silver shields. 10. Philippe de Ternand. Checkered field gold with red. The top of the helmet is in the shape of a lady with folded hands.
Illustration from the book by Liliana and Fred Funkenov “Encyclopedia of weapons and military clothing. Middle Ages. VIII-XV centuries: Armor and weapons. Fortresses and siege machines. Knightly tournaments and emblems. M .: Astrel, 2002, p. 105

The Heraldic College of Canada in this regard went further than the British one. And gives distinctive signs for the coat of arms of each daughter in the same way as for the coat of arms of sons.

It is clear that all this comes from the past, when the feudal lord, as the owner of lands and estates, tried (since it was in his power) to give birth to as many sons as possible. And the daughters were considered then as an "object" undesirable, because they had to be given a dowry for them.

True, through the marriage of daughters it was possible to profitably become related with the "senior in rank." That is, the baron could marry his daughter to the count or duke. And, although this business was expensive for the wallet, from the point of view of "patronage", having a son-in-law of an older and wealthy senor was very profitable. The main thing here is that the daughter is a beauty. Because beauty is also capital. But for the ugly one, both land and castles had to be given more ...

And so in England a set of emblems was created in the form of small signs that were placed on the coat of arms of the father, which became the coat of arms of male children up to the ninth son.

In the book "Heraldry" by John Gillim (1724), it was indicated that the emblem of the first son could be "lambel". The second son in the qualifiers was assigned a crescent with horns up, the third - a star, the fourth - a merlet, the fifth - a ring and the sixth - a lily. And traditions, again, were different here.

For example, in Boulogne, the count himself meant the image of the sun, which could be placed in the upper left corner ("free part"), the crescent symbolized his second son, the star - the third, and the bird - the fourth.


Coat of arms of the Dukes of Orleans from the House of Valois

The most important and most often used to designate the coat of arms of the eldest son and heir, however, was the so-called "lambel" or "tournament collar".

This detail was characteristic of many English families. For example, for members of the Courtenay family from Devon. It was also used in heraldry in Scotland, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Italy.

A simple silver lambel was also placed on the coat of arms of the heir to the throne. Foster children could take the coat of arms of their parents, but in England this required permission from the king.


Insignia of the Courtenay family of Devon

The origin of the lambel has long been a mystery.

Until he was found on the shield carved into stone by an English knight of the XNUMXth century (probably Sir Alexander Giffard) in Boyton (Wiltshire).

The Giffard coat of arms depicted three silver leopard lions walking on a scarlet field. Lambel on it looked like a rope stretched over the top heraldic figure. Ribbons are attached to the rope. And at this early stage, it seems that their number does not really matter (there are five such ribbons on Sir Alexander's shield).

That is, the lambel could initially represent a restrictive rope on the tournament field with ribbons hanging from it. And already later in the image, its thickness was equal to the width of these ribbons.


The effigy of Sir Alexander Giffard 1262

However, at the end of the XNUMXth century, the number of ribbons in lambel was already fixed. And only three ribbons (or "points") are depicted on it. This is exactly what is carefully engraved on the tombstone at Boyton, and the contrasting roughness of the lambel clearly indicates the conscious temporality of this figure. Apparently, the eldest son had to remove this lambel, becoming the head of the family.


Another effigy with lambel: Richard de Croupe 1278

As for the seniority of the other sons (from the second to the ninth), each of them had their own signs. However, there was no specific rule for their use, other than their location: usually in the center of the head of the shield. It was possible for great-great-grandchildren to place their own signs on another sign of the previous younger generation, and so on.

But since the sign became less and less each time and therefore more useless, then we can say that historically it happened so that these signs were limited to one family and no more.

And we can speak in a very definite way about the absence of any common sense in the need to have signs of the younger generations in the family coat of arms.


The coat of arms of Charles, Duke of Orleans, Comte de Blois, de Dreux and de Courtenay, a participant in the Battle of Agincourt, is very interesting. This coat of arms is a typical consequence of the diplomatic alliance and the corresponding marriage: the Visconti dragon in it is adjacent to the royal lilies of France and the lambel of the eldest son.



Coats of arms and coat of arms for the tournament: 1. Friedrich, Count of Mer. Four-part coat of arms; in the 1st and 4th quarters, on a black field, there is a silver two-headed eagle with a golden beak and claws; in the 2nd and 3rd quarters on a gold field, a black belt. 2. Simon de Lalen. On a red field there are ten silver rhombuses, the first one is encumbered by a red lion cub. 3. Jean de Melun. A blue field with a gold head and seven gold bezants - three in the top row, three in the middle and one in the bottom. 4. Jacques Crevecourt. There are three golden rafters on the red field. 5. Jean de Vergy. On a red field with a silver border, there are three gold five-leaf leaves with an empty center. 6. Guy de Pontaye. On the red field is a golden lion, rebelling with red claws and tongue. 7. Bodo de Noyel. On the red field there are three doubled silver belts, broken in three by a silver lambel. 8. Jean de Luxembourg, bastard of Ofeurden. In a silver field, a red lion, rising with a double oblique tail, a golden crown and claws, and a blue tongue, a narrow band of an azure side line. 9. Charles of Burgundy, Count of Charolais. The large Burgundian coat of arms is complemented by a lambel of the eldest son with three “points”. 10. Thibaut de Neuchâtel. On the red field there is a silver sling to the right.
Illustration from the book by Liliana and Fred Funkenov “Encyclopedia of weapons and military clothing. Middle Ages. VIII-XV centuries: Armor and weapons. Fortresses and siege machines. Knightly tournaments and emblems. M .: Astrel, 2002, p. 107

Today, married English women may well (if they want) use their own coat of arms, instead of, as before, be sure to take the marriage one. But to show that it is her own coat of arms, a small blank shield is included.

For example, here is how it is done in the coat of arms of Margaret Thatcher. The bearers of the coat of arms are the figures of the Royal Admiral fleet (symbol of the victory in the Falklands War, which happened during her premiership) and Sir Isaac Newton, as a person who recognizes her early scientific career.

The images of the key and the two royal lions speak of her tenure as prime minister and first lord of the British Treasury. The Golden Tower is a sign of her tenure at Westminster Palace as a Member of Parliament.

At first, the shield was diamond-shaped (traditional for women), but then changed and surrounded by the hoop of the Order of the Garter (which she was awarded in 1995). Below is the insignia of the Order of Merit and the motto on the ribbon:

"Treasured by Freedom".


Coat of arms of Margaret Thatcher, Baroness

PS


The author and administration of the site express deep gratitude to the British organization "The Medieval Combat Society" for the photos of the effigy provided.

To be continued ...
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  1. +17
    23 January 2021 06: 06
    Gorgeous! Margaret Thatcher was not shy about ambition laughing Newton and Admiral in holders - modestly and tastefully !!!
    After today's reading, I had a desire to "stir up" the coat of arms, only the problem with the holders !!! Who should "stick" cats at the call of the soul or penguins because it's cold today !!! laughing
    Vyacheslav Olegovich - respect for continuing the cycle!
    1. +7
      23 January 2021 06: 26
      Margaret Thatcher has a cool coat of arms. At a cursory glance, it seems that two vigorous lions are digging the fortress tower with one shovel from the mound. laughing
      I attach myself to your respect to Vyacheslav Olegovich and look forward to continuing. smile hi
    2. +10
      23 January 2021 07: 32
      Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
      Whom to "stick" cats at the call of the soul

      There are coats of arms with supportive cats. But with Siberian (Russian) cats, fluffy and cute - no!
      1. +3
        23 January 2021 20: 17
        Fix it urgently! Otherwise the cat mafia will take care of us.
        The only hope is for Anton with his dog, perhaps V.V. will continue 2 dogs
        If no jokes, V. Oh, you do not have materials on Russian arrestocracy: the Velyaminovs, Dolgoruky, Khovansky? In short, to the Petrine boyars. And it is also true that Pushkin, on the female side, was related to the Rurikovichs, and some argue with the Romanovs. Such publications flicker periodically.
        1. 0
          25 January 2021 15: 23
          If no jokes, V. Oh, you do not have materials on Russian arrestocracy: the Velyaminovs, Dolgoruky, Khovansky?

          If according to medieval Russian princes of the 10-13th centuries, it is better to Michael (the Master of Trilobite). He's in the subject! drinks But the Khovanskys and the Velyaminovs ... This is a later period. request I will not even venture to advise someone from the interlocutors, except for Viktor Nikolaevich Undecim. This certainly will find any material - it is not just that they give the title of "best commentator"! good
          1. +1
            25 January 2021 16: 24
            I agree. Vic. Nick100% _deserved: "best commentator"
            1. 0
              25 January 2021 17: 21
              I agree. Vic. Nick100% _deserved: "Best Commentator

              I would have left this title to Mikhail. We would then have three best commentators in our company! drinks
    3. +3
      23 January 2021 08: 33
      I join your words. And I also thought - that would make a medieval artist paint such a coat of arms!
      1. +6
        23 January 2021 10: 42
        So the master appeared! love ))))
        To the master from me - Kniksen, to the rest - wishes of health and good morning! ))) The master got sick of his, hehe ...
        Most of all in the first drawing I liked the heraldry of Philippe de Ternand, N10. He was a smart guy, a chess player.
        On the penultimate one is the heraldry of Friedrich, Count of Mer. Black belt is cool. The comrade was fond of oriental martial arts. No wonder he goes under N1 in the picture - he pushed everyone aside!
        And the coat of arms of Margaret Thatcher ... I did not know about her acquaintance with Sir Isaac Newton. However, he was an alchemist, a sorcerer, he could appear in our time personally, on the occasion of the adoption of the coat of arms, so that his body would not be very redundant. In general, this, of course, is unlikely. It's about Margaret ... How convenient it is to prop up their authority for a long-dead - a colleague in the main profession.
        1. +9
          23 January 2021 10: 49
          It is unlikely that Newton would have been delighted with such an honor, he was a misogynist.
          1. +6
            23 January 2021 11: 14
            How easy it is for me to live! It is not burdened with so many knowledge, which means there is also sadness aside)))
            1. +7
              23 January 2021 11: 22
              It has been a long time since they called me a scoundrel so gracefully! laughing
              1. +9
                23 January 2021 11: 32
                - Yes, that's enough, Anton!
                And in pursuit, gracefully fanning himself, languidly:
                - You are unbearable!
                But after some thought, if such is available in the absence of a brain:
                - Oh! What did you say?!?
                1. +6
                  23 January 2021 18: 13
                  And in pursuit, gracefully fanning himself, languidly:
                  - You are unbearable!

                  And then, half-turning to the intrigued interlocutor, folded in a fan, in the face! In the face! And a couple more times.
                  Mysterious women.
                  1. +5
                    23 January 2021 18: 45
                    Not me! Do not slander, sir! Otherwise, gossip will go on, multiplied by the word, that I beat men. I only hit the power - huge, stoose and bark, well, or meowing greedily. She can be beaten, her pain threshold is transcendental and there is no reaction to beating. Sometimes she appears to me in the form of a giant cat, which, upon seeing the meat, firmly grabs it with its teeth, and no one is able to tear that power from a piece - neither a man nor a dog. How much there is on Zen about cats!
                    1. +3
                      23 January 2021 19: 14
                      And what is power, Lyudmila Yakovlevna?
                      Just let’s not put on feminism, which you are not obviously flaunting, excuse me for the rude frankness.
                      1. +4
                        23 January 2021 19: 51
                        For me, power is expressed by two payments for a communal apartment and the possibility of being homeless under the new law N494-FZ, according to which each of the tenants of my old Khrushchev can be charged to go home, thrusting payment for the withdrawn housing into their teeth, according to the BTI. Mine costs 111 thousand rubles, that is, life under the bridge. Therefore, Anton, I have nothing to flaunt. And let's leave this conversation - not the right platform.
                    2. +5
                      23 January 2021 19: 54
                      Quote: depressant
                      Sometimes she appears to me in the form of a giant cat, which, upon seeing the meat, firmly grabs it with its teeth, and no one is able to tear that power from a piece - neither a man nor a dog. How much there is on Zen about cats!

                      Well, no! Absolutely not! All this mosquito reminds me of .... rats! This is a more accurate definition.
                    3. +3
                      23 January 2021 21: 03
                      - huge, stoose and bark, well, or meowing greedily.

                      Dear Lyudmila Yakovlevna! The original source says "The monster is bastard, huge, hundred-fold and layay! "And you are simplifying. Again, is it possible to beat a" greedy meowing "creature? It usually meows plaintively. Do not offend cats. You need to explain everything to them, and they will agree with your arguments, if you state them correctly.
                      1. +3
                        23 January 2021 21: 50
                        I beg your pardon, I forgot about "oblo" (fat). I don’t remember when I read “Telemachida”, not all the characteristics of Cerberus were retained in my memory (((
                        And the persuasion of seals clinging to raw meat, according to the testimony of grandfather Krylov, are useless. Persuading Cerberus is just as counterproductive.
                      2. +2
                        23 January 2021 22: 06
                        I have not read the Telemachiada at all, but Trediakovsky's monster is "three-zoned", "hundred-zoned" - this is in Radishchev's epigraph "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow". By the way, this "Journey" was subjected to pejorative criticism by Pushkin, in his academic edition it is. About cats and meat - well, your cat still has the costs of upbringing.
                  2. +5
                    23 January 2021 20: 23
                    "Mysterious Women" Anton, this is our charm
    4. +9
      23 January 2021 12: 25
      Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
      cats at the call of the soul or penguins because it is cold today !!!

      Hedgehogs, Vlad, hedgehogs!
      So that not a single infection of such a coat of arms could touch. And the cat can be placed in the center of the shield.
      1. +9
        23 January 2021 15: 10
        Viscount Montgomery probably has hedgehogs on the coat of arms, and most likely anti-tank ones, as a tribute to the restless "Fox of the Desert".))

        Hi Mikhail, and best wishes. drinks
    5. +6
      23 January 2021 20: 21
      Penguins are more convincing. To the east of the Ural Mountains, the coat of arms without a penguin is nonsense.
      Only in Yakutia can there be a replacement for mammoths,
      1. +4
        23 January 2021 21: 31
        Quote from Korsar4
        Penguins are more convincing. To the east of the Ural Mountains, the coat of arms without a penguin is nonsense.
        Only in Yakutia can there be a replacement for mammoths,

        Yeah, in shoals, both of them fly south along the Ural ridge in the summer!
        1. +4
          23 January 2021 21: 40
          "But it is difficult to live only with a horse without Heaven" (c).
  2. +18
    23 January 2021 06: 06
    Thanks for the pleasant reading Saturday morning! Good morning everyone and have a nice day!
    1. +15
      23 January 2021 06: 13
      Quote: Crowe
      Good morning everyone and have a nice day!

      Thank you too!
    2. +15
      23 January 2021 07: 36
      Our greetings to the great leader! Just change your dress! The Crow had a crow made of feathers, and on the avatar was the leader of the Dakota, enemies of the Crow!
      1. +14
        23 January 2021 09: 17
        Quote: kalibr
        Our greetings to the great leader! Just change your dress! The Crow had a crow made of feathers, and on the avatar was the leader of the Dakota, enemies of the Crow!

        Uh-huh shave bald and roll around in feathers with tar !!! laughing
        No, Vyacheslav Olegovich, we are categorically against it. Let our Crow remain Crow !!! For five years we somehow got used to it. Let's assume that on the head of our leader is a trophy taken from the Supreme Leader from the Dakota tribe !!! fellow
        1. +5
          23 January 2021 16: 56
          "Fill in feathers with tar", something reminds me of Mark Twain. "Adventures of Haeckel Berefin"
          1. +6
            23 January 2021 17: 19
            Quote: vladcub
            "Fill in feathers with tar", something reminds me of Mark Twain. "Adventures of Haeckel Berefin"

            Me too, but different - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn laughing Although maybe the difference is small drinks
            1. +5
              23 January 2021 17: 33
              Just a different reading, and so ..
              1. +4
                23 January 2021 18: 01
                Quote: vladcub
                Just a different reading, and so ..

                If only the content matches laughing
                1. +5
                  23 January 2021 20: 25
                  I agree with you
        2. +2
          25 January 2021 15: 31
          and wallow in feathers with tar !!!

          This is a recipe for "how to make the mother-in-law become white and fluffy"? wink Joke. lol Ladies forgive me. love And yes, Vlad - hang cats on the coat of arms. You can even do them in a circle.
          By the way, laughter laughter ... A couple of years ago I bought furniture. The name of the seller was Natalia. She had 21 (21, Karl!) Cats ... belay
          1. +1
            25 January 2021 17: 53
            The name of the seller was Natalia. She had 21 (21, Karl!) Cats ...
            I hate this female with all my heart as a professional builder!
            1. +1
              26 January 2021 09: 58
              I hate this female with all my heart as a professional builder!

              You shouldn't be so ... The girl is pretty enough. By the way, she advised that "apron".
              1. +1
                26 January 2021 10: 08
                Yeah, and a bunch of sockets on the ventilation register! fool
                1. +1
                  26 January 2021 10: 10
                  Yeah, and a bunch of sockets on the ventilation register!

                  These are subtleties, you can't foresee everything.
                  1. +1
                    26 January 2021 10: 15
                    These are not subtleties, this is unprofessionalism.
                    1. +1
                      26 January 2021 10: 17
                      These are not subtleties, this is unprofessionalism.

                      No, I had to invite her home first, and personally let her feel everything. lol
                      1. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 21
                        Naturally! My furniture maker does just that, and in my presence. Otherwise, shoals are inevitable, which is what happened.
                      2. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 22
                        Nothing happened. Everything is great.
                      3. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 26
                        Except for one point: I had to "farm", and I really do not like to do this.
                      4. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 30
                        Except for one point: I had to "farm", and I really do not like to do this.

                        When I buy the Negresco Hotel, I promise there will be no collective farm there. Only farms, huts and individual gardening. stop
                      5. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 34
                        And slash and burn farming.
                      6. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 45
                        And slash and burn farming.

                        And for cleaning - we'll get serfs with the right of the first night and other buns. Whoever does not agree - that flog to the stable. You, as a steward, will receive the honorary title of satrap.
                      7. +1
                        26 January 2021 10: 53
                        Uh-huh.
                        "I will rot in the casemates!"
                      8. +1
                        26 January 2021 11: 05
                        "I will rot in the casemates!"

                        - Your Majesty, I am a nobleman ...
                        - There was a nobleman! There was a nobleman! .. angry (film "Poor, Poor Pavel").
      2. +14
        23 January 2021 09: 20
        Yes, here I irresponsibly approached the question - the first I came across I pasted a picture with an Indian. That is why I am not writing here (although my hands have been itching for a long time), I will definitely confuse something somewhere and burn out of shame later when people will point to the jambs. It will turn out as in that joke
        The Chukchi comes to the publishing house and presents his book. The editor looks and sees, instead of letters, unknown squiggles. He's asking:
        - Chukchi, do you even know how to read?
        - Chukchi, however, is not a reader. Chukchi is a writer.
        No, what a writer I am, I remain a grateful reader!
        1. +14
          23 January 2021 09: 39
          Quote: Crowe
          No, which one of me is a writer, I remain a grateful reader

          Do not be pity, as a commentator you are interesting and informative enough to read!
          Regards, Vlad!
          P.a. An intuitively chosen avatar is like Freud's - tackle should be so, period.
        2. +12
          23 January 2021 11: 37
          Quote: Crowe
          No, what a writer I am, I remain a grateful reader!

          All my life and professional experience says that an educated person who has lived in this world can always write 1-2 interesting articles on a topic that is close or interesting to him. Tested many times !. Writing an article every day is quite difficult. And one - ugh - and you're done! In fact, it is already spinning in your head, there is simply a fear of a "blank sheet of paper".
          1. +5
            23 January 2021 14: 25
            ... there is simply a fear of a blank sheet of paper.

            I don't know who - how, I'm just lazy. Mom said that my laziness was born before me.))

            Vyacheslav, hello and thanks for the excellent article. good

            PS Interestingly, and the dude in the admiral's uniform on the coat of arms of Madame, is this, by chance, not for the "heroic and epoch-making" battle of the British fleet near the Falklands? laughing
            1. +3
              23 January 2021 15: 20
              Quote: Sea Cat
              is this, by any chance, not for the "heroic and epoch-making" battle of the British fleet at the Falklands?

              Yes, exactly there!
          2. +3
            23 January 2021 18: 05
            "fear of a" blank sheet of paper "Vyacheslav Olegovich, if I were 17, I would have written to you a lot, but now I am complex. More precisely, a devil lives in me now, but his aunt, scared by life, does not give free rein to him. Sometimes I want to get away from this aunt and throw out something like that
            1. +2
              23 January 2021 18: 20
              Quote: Astra wild2
              I would write you a lot, but now I am complex.

              Write three stories, essays or essays (no shape matters) on the topic: The Fifth Season, The Four Colors of Time, The World of Four Horizons. The maximum volume is 5 thousand characters. The minimum is not limited. Send by PM. I will write you a lot of interesting things in return. You will not regret!
              1. +2
                23 January 2021 20: 29
                Q. Oh, do you only offer this to the ladies or to everyone who wants it? Joke
                1. +1
                  23 January 2021 21: 24
                  I offered this to men in a couple of comments. But ... among all those who have read, and I think that many, no one dared. Either fear, or some other problems prevented ... A pity!
              2. +1
                23 January 2021 21: 35
                Quote: kalibr
                Quote: Astra wild2
                I would write you a lot, but now I am complex.

                Write three stories, essays or essays (no shape matters) on the topic: The Fifth Season, The Four Colors of Time, The World of Four Horizons. The maximum volume is 5 thousand characters. The minimum is not limited. Send by PM. I will write you a lot of interesting things in return. You will not regret!

                No Better Review "On Business Travel Effectiveness in 2020" laughing
                1. +1
                  24 January 2021 08: 21
                  Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
                  No Better Review "On Business Travel Effectiveness in 2020"

                  How people are still afraid to learn the truth about themselves ...
                  1. 0
                    24 January 2021 09: 37
                    Vyacheslav Olegovich - it's not about “being afraid to learn the truth about yourself”, but about not doing your job !!! laughing
                    1. 0
                      24 January 2021 10: 02
                      I would do it out of curiosity!
  3. +13
    23 January 2021 06: 21
    I join, all have a good day and have a great weekend!
    The article is, as always, on the level, thanks!
  4. +13
    23 January 2021 07: 04
    Gorgeous! Bravo to the Author!
  5. +12
    23 January 2021 09: 39
    Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich!
    I would like to add that in the French heraldic tradition, lambel was very important, because it designated the younger branches of the monarch's house.
  6. +8
    23 January 2021 09: 57
    All health. The topic will be interesting questions, but now there is no time: I run to the store.
    But one question for Vyacheslav Olegovich: "a horizontal line - made ku", but "ku" is a victory won, one feather?
    1. +5
      23 January 2021 11: 38
      Quote: Astra wild2
      but "ku" is a victory won, one feather?

      Yes!
  7. +5
    23 January 2021 11: 32
    Horizontal bar - made ku
    I just can't determine what the action "ku" means in relation to the owner of the coat of arms?
    1. +6
      23 January 2021 11: 39
      Symbols! The Indians have it, the Europeans have it ... but the essence is the same - to tell about yourself!
      1. +7
        23 January 2021 11: 41
        It is clear that the goal is to convey information. But what is "ku"? How is it done and with what?
        At the time of the knights, the Kin-Dza-Dza galaxy was still unknown.
        1. +7
          23 January 2021 12: 49
          They do ku simply - you approach a living enemy and touch him with your hand in front of everyone. Or with a special stick for "ku" - it's easier. And everyone screams - he did "ku"! And an extra line appears on the shield and on the pen ...
          1. +9
            23 January 2021 13: 03
            Quote: kalibr
            extra line on the shield

            Good afternoon Vyacheslav Olegovich! Good afternoon friends! I don’t know about you knights. But in the photo is goalkeeper Jerry Chivers, and according to legend, as soon as the puck * flew * into his mask, after the game he painted a scar on it. mask. laughing
            1. +4
              23 January 2021 14: 37
              Yes, I remembered Terry Savchuk
              1. +6
                23 January 2021 14: 50
                Quote: mr.ZinGer
                Terry Savchuk

                Greetings, honestly, scary!
                1. +2
                  23 January 2021 17: 15
                  I don't remember such a goalkeeper at all, but I loved to watch and now I love to watch hockey
                  1. +2
                    23 January 2021 17: 51
                    Quote: vladcub
                    I don't remember such a goalkeeper

                    His last club - * New York Rangers *, 1970 Tragic fate - died after a fight with teammate Ron Stewart on May 31, 1970.
                  2. 0
                    23 January 2021 19: 17
                    Quote: vladcub
                    now I like to watch hockey

                    And it is beautiful! hi By the way! In a few minutes, on * Zvezda *, they will show the second match of the Canada Cup-87 final. Names ?! Good God! What were those names !!!! good
            2. +3
              23 January 2021 17: 08
              I remember a goalkeeper with such a mask. Ozerov (?) Also said something like this: "to intimidate the attacker"
              1. +2
                23 January 2021 17: 27
                Quote: vladcub
                intimidate the attacker "

                And then there was Harry Bromley from * Vancouver * and * Buffalo *.

                Of course, he is less well known, but thanks to the mask he entered ... well, let's call it the media space. laughing
          2. +7
            23 January 2021 13: 08
            I have never met any mention of the fact that the knights practiced the military customs of the Indians of the Great Plains. Or did the Indians borrow them from the knights? Then America was discovered exactly before Columbus.
    2. +3
      23 January 2021 18: 18
      Let's put it bluntly. I can write more comments to this article than the article itself.
  8. +10
    23 January 2021 12: 18
    Once Vyacheslav Olegovich offered me a scientific coat of arms. And now I thought: I should make it myself - the way I see myself. In two versions. One for internal consumption, to hang on the wall. The second is for the outside.
    Interior.
    The background is black as a sign of a depressive state. A stack of unwashed dishes as a symbol of mental laziness. A mouse mink in a plinth is a designation of a life position. A group of cockroaches as the contents of the head.
    External.
    The main thing here is not to die of modesty.
    Scarlet background, sprinkled with gold stars. Icarus flying towards the sun. Scovolla's hand over the flames. Bust of Socrates. And all this is crossed out crosswise with two black stripes as a symbol of the trampled down of life by damned CIA agents and any external circumstances, including bad weather, with which it is impossible to fight.
    1. +4
      23 January 2021 14: 43
      Well, now in my head the cockroaches are moving, or like Sasha Cherny
      "There are cockroaches in the dining room,
      leaving black bread
      thought a little "
      I will think about how my coat of arms and its illustrative part should have semantic fullness.
    2. +4
      23 January 2021 20: 25
      A cockroach covered with stars is magical.
      1. +2
        23 January 2021 20: 30
        Quote from Korsar4
        A cockroach covered with stars is magical.

        Hi Sergei, and if so?
        * Star covered with cockroaches * ?! Horror! And you won't want to live. laughing
        1. +2
          23 January 2021 20: 33
          Hello Seryozha!

          “She says: the lamp is on.
          And midges hover over her ”(c).
          1. +3
            23 January 2021 20: 40
            I noticed one thing. It’s worth an announcement on the entrance door about the persecution of cockroaches and other hmmm ... living creatures. And .... They appear! Appear and .... disappear! laughing
            1. +3
              23 January 2021 21: 25
              And we just ran into this. As the story of O'Henry with the shoes can not be remembered.
      2. +3
        23 January 2021 20: 32
        To this topic)))
        The other day, if I'm not mistaken, on January 21, a message appeared in the news on Yandex that cockroaches should return to us in mid-February. The very ones that completely disappeared many years ago. I can't even imagine what was meant))) But if the real Prussians, then we will have the opportunity to strew them with stars.
        1. +3
          23 January 2021 20: 52
          Quote: depressant
          sprinkle them with stars.

          Do they deserve it?
          laughing
        2. +2
          23 January 2021 20: 56
          Quote: depressant
          To this topic)))

          This is why I love the articles of Shpakovsky V.O.? The first is interesting. Second, I learn a lot of new and, again, interesting. And in many ways from the comments. The third is the possibility of communicating with nice, good people! On topics even far from the profile of the article What is important! For me, personally. Glad to communicate, damn glad.
          1. +2
            23 January 2021 21: 33
            Seryozha, you are glad, but I’m thinking, why such confidence of news agencies in the return of cockroaches, and even indicated the time of arrival. It turns out that someone will plant them on time? God forbid! It will be impossible to get rid of them. One thing is your home, another is a Khrushchev building with a basement in which cats live and people feed them. Here and so there is no reason to relax, and now - the coming attack, which is included in the category of "improper housing maintenance".
        3. +2
          23 January 2021 21: 26
          Obviously, another option for meeting the New Year.
          1. +3
            23 January 2021 22: 00
            Exactly! ))) Apparently, they are guessing for the Chinese calendar. White (metallic) Bull. In China, everyone eats insects. Chinese bulls, probably, too. As a treat.
            1. +3
              23 January 2021 22: 17
              If with beer, then everything is fine: both silkworm larvae and fried swimmers. Protein.
              1. +2
                23 January 2021 23: 08
                Here we are having fun, and I discovered that insects are actively present in heraldry. On shields, coats of arms - ants, bees, spiders, even crayfish. Flies - on the coat of arms of the invented, pardon the indecent expression, "Muhos-ka", the background, of course, is light brown. As for cockroaches, there are a lot of pictographic and caricature images, but not a single one on the coats of arms!
                At the same time, cockroaches were not so long ago popular in an unacceptable hypostasis for us. Moving to a new place of residence, the owners specially took their cockroaches with them, for the cockroach in Russia was a sign of well-being in the house. The appearance of redheads foreshadowed a quick, albeit small, profit. Large black ones are especially welcome guests, since the Slavs believed that they were heralds of future wealth. A question from an outsider to the owners about cockroaches in the house meant a desire to find out how well the family lives. If there are no insects, then the owners are doing badly. It was also believed that cockroaches warn owners about natural disasters. The flight of cockroaches from home is evidence of an imminent fire. In one of the Harry Potter films, spiders run from Hogwarts. Well, then the British.
                As for the nobles of the Tarakanovs, they have nothing to do with cockroaches, the coat of arms is blue leaves, falling golden against their background. The origin of those nobles is not Russian. The merchants were also cockroaches.
                1. +3
                  23 January 2021 23: 21
                  First associations: bees. And Tambov, and Simferopol, and Medyn.
                  1. +3
                    23 January 2021 23: 56
                    At Medyn, there are just bees lined up in rows, and at Medyn district, the coat of arms is crossed by a white stripe, on which there is a crown. And, by the way, the golden bee was the emblem of Napoleon)))
                    1. +3
                      24 January 2021 00: 04
                      And also the Vatican. Heraldic bees of the Barberini family.
                    2. +2
                      24 January 2021 00: 18
                      Quote: depressant
                      emblem of Napoleon

                      * In tank uniform, with shoulder straps. And he is no longer her fiancé. * And the card will gather dust against the background of yellowed walls.
                    3. +2
                      24 January 2021 00: 23
                      Quote: depressant
                      emblem of Napoleon

                      That's it, friends! SLEEP!
                      1. +2
                        24 January 2021 05: 40
                        A good wish, and even an order ...
                        And now, at 5 in the morning, I was awakened by the howling car alarm right in front of my window, 10 meters from the foundation of the house. She howled for a long time, in various ways, leaving no chance to take her howl for an element of a dream, now she is silent. From Friday to Saturday, the howl continued throughout the night. The car is standing still, not moving. He's a foreign car, but old. Nobody protests. This is Russia. Any protest is futile and dear to itself.
                      2. +1
                        24 January 2021 09: 09
                        Lord! Lyudmila Yakovlevna! Where do you live? Yes, with a bottle, or whatever lay on the roof under his arm! So that he wouldn't howl, cursed! And then the owner, in the face! laughing
                      3. +1
                        24 January 2021 14: 30
                        And where to get the owner? Call the traffic police?
                        By the way, this scum does not howl during the day. Doesn't leave anywhere and is silent, encrypted. And ... Seryozha, about beating muzzles. You are exaggerating my possibilities, obviously identifying them with yours.
  9. +8
    23 January 2021 12: 57
    That is, the lambel could initially represent a restrictive rope on the tournament field with ribbons hanging from it. And already later in the image, its thickness was equal to the width of these
    tapes

    Initially, a lambel is a belt that covers the front of a knight's horse and thus protects the saddle from slipping to the croup when riding on uneven terrain, in particular on the rise.
    This element of the harness is called a props or bib.

    This illustration from the Codex Manes depicts the Margrave of Meissen, Henry III. The back of the Margrave's horse is very clearly visible.
  10. +8
    23 January 2021 13: 09
    The funny thing is heraldry. I read about other people's coats of arms and the first thing you think about is what coat of arms I would have? And then half of us will begin to invent such a coat of arms. smile
    During my life I have invented for myself five different emblems, no less. The first one is ten years old, the last one is seventeen years old. laughing
    I gave up the idea of ​​inventing a coat of arms for myself when I realized that the image of a bookworm in an academic cap, digging in the manure with a magnifying glass, would suit me best. laughing
    No, colleagues, we don't need coats of arms. Pampering is. smile
    But as for the shield holders, it is interesting how Thatcher herself would have reacted to the fact that someone would appoint her as the shield holder of their coat of arms. On one side is a unicorn, and on the other is Margaret Thatcher. Why, Newton, like, you can, but she herself is not allowed? Discrimination and double standards.
    And I would take Jen Psaki on my coat of arms as shield holders. I like her. smile
    1. +9
      23 January 2021 13: 28
      Quote: Trilobite Master
      Jen Psaki.

      Greetings Michael! Yes ... Psaki is ... Psaki! Jennifer!
      laughing
      1. +9
        23 January 2021 14: 24
        Psaki - sheer charm! Here and again she is with us)))
        And on the street in our suburbs - minus one, the people are cheerful, healthy and happy, full of energy, cheerfully overcomes the snowy mishmash on the sidewalks, carefully avoiding places where a layer of snow can fall on their heads. In the distance, somewhere between the trees, the crafty spring hides and only occasionally shows its muzzle.
        "Old man Romualdych came out ..." Well, I will not continue)))
        In a mask - I am alone, I feel exotic, I want to take off, but something stops me.
        1. +6
          23 January 2021 14: 30
          Quote: depressant

          And on the street with us, in the suburbs, - minus one, the people are cheerful,

          Oh, Lyudmila Yakovlevna. And there is slush in Moscow. After wonderful, truly winter frosts / cold weather / she came ... slush. Overboard somewhere in the area of ​​zero. Today I work.
          1. +5
            23 January 2021 14: 50
            Quote: Phil77
            Quote: depressant

            And on the street with us, in the suburbs, - minus one, the people are cheerful,

            Oh, Lyudmila Yakovlevna. And there is slush in Moscow. After wonderful, truly winter frosts / cold weather / she came ... slush. Overboard somewhere in the area of ​​zero. Today I work.

            I have minus 30 plus, the car won't start! I charge the battery and I am glad that I didn’t "pulled" to work!
            1. +6
              23 January 2021 15: 08
              Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
              not "pulled" to work!

              How is it that they are piled up there?
              1. +3
                23 January 2021 16: 16
                Quote: Trilobite Master
                do not they buzz?

                About four thousand gathered at Pushkinskaya. There are arrests, as it is written in RIA Novosti *, for snowballs and plastic bottles thrown into the ranks of * law enforcement *.
              2. +5
                23 January 2021 17: 30
                Dead - two and a half thousand piled up.
            2. +2
              23 January 2021 15: 19
              Minus 30 means ... Vladislav, are you on Mars?!? I didn't know that ours were already flying there. And then everything is Rogozin, such a Rogozin, and that's how it all turned out! )))
            3. +4
              23 January 2021 17: 43
              Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
              Quote: Phil77
              Quote: depressant

              And on the street with us, in the suburbs, - minus one, the people are cheerful,

              Oh, Lyudmila Yakovlevna. And there is slush in Moscow. After wonderful, truly winter frosts / cold weather / she came ... slush. Overboard somewhere in the area of ​​zero. Today I work.

              I have minus 30 plus, the car won't start! I charge the battery and I am glad that I didn’t "pulled" to work!

              Buddy hi , and how old is your battery? Mine is 8. And since it was -33 in the morning, I did not even go to the car. And a friend recently bought a Lada Cross - both the battery and the oil are fresh, but not started. I wanted to take the battery home for a couple of days, but it turns out that then the car cannot be closed. Now I'm waiting for Monday - they promise almost a positive one.
              1. +1
                23 January 2021 18: 37
                how old is your battery? Mine is 8.
                How can you not love yourself like that?
                1. 0
                  24 January 2021 17: 29
                  Quote: Undecim
                  how old is your battery? Mine is 8.
                  How can you not love yourself like that?

                  But the car loves him - dear! laughing And I am a compassionate person, so I indulge. Because when I buy a new one, it will obviously be without a GM label.
              2. +2
                23 January 2021 20: 22
                Quote: Doliva63
                Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
                Quote: Phil77
                Quote: depressant

                And on the street with us, in the suburbs, - minus one, the people are cheerful,

                Oh, Lyudmila Yakovlevna. And there is slush in Moscow. After wonderful, truly winter frosts / cold weather / she came ... slush. Overboard somewhere in the area of ​​zero. Today I work.

                I have minus 30 plus, the car won't start! I charge the battery and I am glad that I didn’t "pulled" to work!

                Buddy hi , and how old is your battery? Mine is 8. And since it was -33 in the morning, I did not even go to the car. And a friend recently bought a Lada Cross - both the battery and the oil are fresh, but not started. I wanted to take the battery home for a couple of days, but it turns out that then the car cannot be closed. Now I'm waiting for Monday - they promise almost a positive one.

                Diesel, the second time a week could not start! On the first day, the burdock itself, today my friend is frost!
                1. 0
                  24 January 2021 17: 38
                  Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
                  Quote: Doliva63
                  Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
                  Quote: Phil77
                  Quote: depressant

                  And on the street with us, in the suburbs, - minus one, the people are cheerful,

                  Oh, Lyudmila Yakovlevna. And there is slush in Moscow. After wonderful, truly winter frosts / cold weather / she came ... slush. Overboard somewhere in the area of ​​zero. Today I work.

                  I have minus 30 plus, the car won't start! I charge the battery and I am glad that I didn’t "pulled" to work!

                  Buddy hi , and how old is your battery? Mine is 8. And since it was -33 in the morning, I did not even go to the car. And a friend recently bought a Lada Cross - both the battery and the oil are fresh, but not started. I wanted to take the battery home for a couple of days, but it turns out that then the car cannot be closed. Now I'm waiting for Monday - they promise almost a positive one.

                  Diesel, the second time a week could not start! On the first day, the burdock itself, today my friend is frost!

                  Diesel is great, it's powerful! Have you tried to put an air cylinder? Like a tank. Guaranteed launch in any weather! Where is the thread in the trunk, imperceptibly. The idea is not mine, because it's free laughing drinks
          2. +5
            23 January 2021 15: 22
            Hello, a lover of winter cold and snow drifts, come to me "with a shovel" to clean the snow, so much that even on a lowered quad it sits on its belly, only the winch helps out.
            Special thanks for Psaku, I love this masterpiece and d and t to u. laughing drinks
            1. +4
              23 January 2021 15: 48
              Hello Konstantin! Until today everything was wonderful. Snow, frost, snowdrifts and ... the heady vigor of a real Russian winter. And today, bam! And a cyclone, and * plus * on the thermometer. Now I looked - * + 2 *. Well, and accordingly * porridge * on the sidewalk, * stains * on shoes, cloudy sky. Poorly. And according to the forecast, the whole week with such a temperature. No, I don't like it. negative
              1. +4
                23 January 2021 15: 53
                Today or tomorrow a familiar man will drive up to me on a bulldozer, remove this fucking snow from the garden and from the road and ... "we will go out to sea again", and the freezing temperature is very favorable for this, we will go on business and for guests. drinks
                1. +4
                  23 January 2021 15: 57
                  Quote: Sea Cat
                  familiar guy on a bulldozer,

                  Well, it is clear that the love of winter is the lot of .... citizens! laughing No?
                  1. +7
                    23 January 2021 16: 14
                    Winter is a phenomenon unnatural to human nature. We come to this world completely naked, and not in a fur sheepskin coat weighing under ten kilos. And in the summer we put on a minimum of clothes, solely for the sake of observing our own invented d u r a c k
                    and x conventions, or, at best, for their own convenience, such as pants with pockets, so that there is where to put money and cigarettes. And in winter, all living things freeze, well, except for Christmas trees, of course. Since childhood, I hate winter, although I have a second category in skiing, I passed in the army, as well as in freestyle swimming. And how the armor gets cold in the cold ... go for a drive in a tank at minus twenty, at once you will want to go to the warm sea on white sand, this is not for you to roll in the snow.
                    1. +6
                      23 January 2021 16: 21
                      Quote: Sea Cat
                      on white sand, it's not for you to roll in the snow.

                      No, tank, it's not mine! laughing
                      1. +4
                        23 January 2021 16: 31
                        So I'm not suggesting that the tank is secondary, and the gentle sea and warm sand are primary. By the way, who do you think has a better chance of surviving when the tank is destroyed, a tanker on this sand, or a poor fellow in the frosty snow?
                      2. +3
                        23 January 2021 16: 45
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        chances of surviving when the tank is destroyed

                        How did Pavlov's hero / Shcherbak / say?
                        soldier
                      3. +3
                        23 January 2021 18: 00
                        To be honest, I don't remember what he said.
                      4. +3
                        23 January 2021 18: 04
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        What did he say.

                        As for the shell in the chassis, the car is under repair, but the crew is intact. So in the film, when they * self-propelled gun * are preparing for the transition.
                    2. +6
                      23 January 2021 18: 45
                      Quote: Sea Cat
                      Winter is a phenomenon unnatural to human nature.

                      Well, I don’t know, Uncle Kostya, I’ll probably disagree.
                      Winter is the engine of progress, it is a kaleidoscope of nature that provides movement and life on the planet in general. These are winds and sea currents, migratory birds, "transitional" animals and "swimming" fish, this is an incentive to work in the summer, so as not to starve later. Thanks to the fact that we have winter, every year we remember that there are difficulties ahead and prepare for them, clearly knowing that what we do not do today will be too late tomorrow.
                      If it were not for winter, the planet would be suitable for habitation only in narrow strips between tropical and arctic deserts, people would not go anywhere, would not master fire, would not invent a wheel, and at best would remain at the level of the Stone Age, huddled on narrow strips of habitable sushi defenseless against hunger from overpopulation and epidemics.
                      But what can I say - time would not exist. Every day is a copy of the previous one, so why count them? Eternal Groundhog Day. No New Year, Victory Day, no holidays at all.
                      There are places on our planet where everything is approximately the same. Equatorial jungle. You can compare our life and the life of the natives there. To be honest, I wouldn't change. smile
                      So long live Winter! Down with eternal summer! Snow to the people!
                      1. +4
                        23 January 2021 18: 55
                        "Hello, Santa Claus, a beard made of cotton wool ..." (c)

                        Misha, hello. hi
                        But I only talked about my personal attitude to winter, and you developed a whole theory, which, by the way, is very, very controversial, in addition to the equatorial jungle, there is a huge number of territories with very comfortable weather and climate. So I'd rather stay with my opinion. smile
                    3. +3
                      23 January 2021 20: 31
                      Winter is a phenomenon unnatural to human nature.
                      This is a typical delusion of people who have never lived in the countries of "eternal summer".
                      1. +4
                        23 January 2021 20: 41
                        I would agree to live there, the shovel has already taken out - to remove the snow, but there is no money for my own bulldozer. So I'm not mistaken, but regular power outages ... and all the heating on this network is tied. No, better eternal summer than six months of winter in our God-saved. But these are dreams, but in reality it is the same shovel and the expectation of another failure with the light, there is a generator, but this is not an option. If I had money, "I would buy plywood, build an eroplane, and fly away from here to my mother." laughing
                      2. +6
                        23 January 2021 20: 55
                        I would agree to live there
                        Nothing is impossible. I can make a patronage. Are you going to Burkina Faso?
                      3. +5
                        23 January 2021 21: 05
                        Quote: Undecim
                        Are you going to Burkina Faso?

                        Good evening Victor Nikolaevich!
                        God! There are negros! Everywhere and everywhere! Better the snow and frost of Russia! laughing
                      4. +6
                        23 January 2021 21: 09
                        The fact is that most of the countries of "eternal summer" have an indigenous population that differs from the usual for a resident of Russia, both in coloring, and in mentality and way of life.
                      5. +2
                        23 January 2021 21: 21
                        Quote: Undecim
                        mentality and lifestyle.

                        Yes. And the appearance of people of the * Russian world * in the countries of South America is surprising. Not the USA, not Canada, but Argentina, Brazil and other equally respected states. Although we went to the North with great pleasure.
                      6. +5
                        23 January 2021 21: 22
                        I have the opportunity to go to Latin America, I have someone, but I have no money, and my age is not the same. So, thanks for the "patronage", I would not have refused twenty years ago, but now I will live out here. It's not meant to be.))
                      7. +4
                        23 January 2021 21: 41
                        I have the opportunity to travel to Latin America,
                        Also for an amateur. For some reason, I was drawn home all the time. And from Latin America, and from New Zealand, and from Japan with South Korea, and even from the Pyakupur River.
                      8. +3
                        23 January 2021 21: 50
                        Well, you, Vic, rode around the world, but I've spent my whole life in Russia, though I have traveled far and wide. And, well, yes, all three Baltic republics plus Ukraine and the Jewish Autonomous Region, well, who would call it abroad.
                      9. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 03
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        across

                        GSVG.
                      10. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 05
                        The fucking occupier. laughing (kergudu - shyutka)
                      11. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 02
                        Quote: Undecim
                        felt like home

                        And now?
                      12. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 09
                        And now I'm at home. And it doesn't pull anywhere.
                      13. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 01
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Thank you, I would not have refused twenty years ago, but now I will live here. It's not meant to be.))

                        I would have dumped, but .... I don’t know any languages. Yes, and twenty years ago ... Well, what? I know English. Girl-dude.

                        But seriously, we are going into darkness. On a global scale. * Legend number any * ??? Film!
                      14. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 03
                        What movie? Give me the details.
                      15. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 06
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Give the details

                        What are the details? Film * I Am Legend *. They injected the vaccine and ..., ... kirdyk! Everyone and forever! Gloomy? Yes. And now?
                      16. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 08
                        Ahh ... I saw this, I liked the city, during the day not a single human face, only tigers at the newsstands. Dream... laughing
                      17. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 15
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Ahh ... I saw this, I liked the city, during the day not a single human face, only tigers at the newsstands. Dream... laughing

                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        human face,

                        Aha, aha! And now these .... masks! Instead of normal human faces !!!!
                      18. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 41
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        I saw, I liked the city, during the day not a single human face, only tigers at the newsstands. Dream...

                        Bone! God forbid! Live ... before this, huh? No?
                      19. +2
                        23 January 2021 23: 28
                        May God somehow survive. laughing To what exactly, I will keep silent, you yourself will guess.
                      20. +3
                        23 January 2021 21: 26
                        Something it reminds. Painfully familiar. You know that. Russian. Moscow region. wink
                      21. +5
                        23 January 2021 21: 33
                        Something it reminds. Painfully familiar. You know that. Russian. Moscow region.

                        Well, you have compared, too. The poorest country in the world and the richest dacha cooperative in Russia.
                        I was there and there. They live much better on Rublevka. Even in winter.
                      22. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 11
                        Viktor Nikolaevich, dear! Don't you know that the notorious * Rublevka * is * Rublevka *. This is not Russia, this is .... the rat track and the place of residence of these. Russia is those who live in spite of their * president * and * government * .When will the people wake up? I don’t know, really, but ... the trends are expected. For .. boiling!
                      23. +6
                        23 January 2021 22: 26
                        For .. boiled!
                        Judging by today's comments under the "protest" news, the vast majority are happy with everything. "Those who woke up" are stigmatized and recorded as mercenaries of the State Department and the world behind the scenes, and demand to take the most stringent disciplinary measures against them.
                        Surprisingly, no one has yet petitioned for corporal punishment such as rods.
                      24. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 50
                        What to say? What to answer? Well ... And you know Viktor Nikolaevich, there are still, thank God, more or less understanding people. Yes! And there are a lot of them, but their voice is weak / for now /. The main understanding is that yesterday was Grudinin, today-Navalny, tomorrow-? Where is the guarantee that they will not come for you? It’s already becoming unpleasant for me to be a citizen of this country. Putin? Who is this grayness that attracts the country to power * black *? Don Rab? The same, no !!!
                        Confused? Excuse me!
                      25. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 53
                        Okay, let's not talk about sad things on social networks.
                      26. +2
                        23 January 2021 23: 03
                        Quote: Undecim
                        social networks.
                        Reply

                        Why not? It's very, very unpleasant that the people who defeated fascism / Nazism / so easily fell under this * ruler *, under this WHO, under everything that was only proposed. And ... after that we declare ourselves as great power? No, really? Yes, look, you guys are hockey! How did we play when we were a power! And now, when we have become ... Rothenberg Putin is a power? Who we are ... are, then, eh? the Russian people?
                      27. +4
                        23 January 2021 23: 14
                        How we played when we were a power!
                        Soviet sport is a unique phenomenon that will never be repeated.
                        Today, for the money that I received in one of the strongest clubs in the USSR championship, no one will even play in the Musokhransk championship.
                      28. +3
                        23 January 2021 23: 41
                        Quote: Undecim
                        in the championship of Musohransk

                        Sorry, but ... Soviet sport. This is .. Hockey. Makarov. Krutov. Kasatatonov. Especially I am silent about Fetisov and Larionov / I do not respect /. Yes, a lot of surnames !! ¡!!
                        .
                      29. +2
                        23 January 2021 23: 47
                        Quote: Undecim
                        USSR championship, no one will play even in the championship

                        * Sokol ** Kiev?
                      30. +1
                        24 January 2021 02: 06
                        ZII, Zaporozhye.
                      31. +1
                        23 January 2021 23: 58
                        Quote: Undecim
                        will not even play in the Musokhransk championship

                        Didn't answer n question.
                      32. +2
                        24 January 2021 02: 08
                        Answered with a comment above.
            2. +5
              23 January 2021 20: 51
              Kostya, good evening. Psaki is a walking anecdote. Or does it not reach Biden that her antielect will be reflected on him or up to his waist?
              1. +4
                23 January 2021 21: 26
                Glory, hello! At least Psaki does not threaten, sitting on all fours under the table, to engage in oral sex with Biden, he has long been "released into circulation."
                1. +3
                  23 January 2021 21: 29
                  Quote: Sea Cat
                  sitting on all fours under the table,

                  And, damn, not that! At the corporate party, huh?!?

                  After all, infections, they know that everything will emerge! And, what? Yes, no fig!
                  1. +4
                    23 January 2021 21: 39
                    Is that Clintons, or what? So there seems to be no sedition here. Thank God she is not dancing naked, otherwise her mummy, for sure, does not even represent archaeological value, not to mention sexual. laughing drinks
                    1. +6
                      23 January 2021 21: 52
                      Quote: Sea Cat
                      Clintons

                      Who ???? This is Zakharova, the talking head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs! On the Sabantui of one of the southern * Russian * republics.
                      1. +4
                        23 January 2021 21: 56
                        Who cares, they are all riveted from under the stamp.
                        And this is the one who showed her bare ass on the escalator to the whole world?
                      2. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 17
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        showed

                        Missed. Give details and photos. I love you know ... women. Part. Beautiful. laughing
                      3. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 20
                        For this to our Lexus, he sent me a video, I looked and threw it away. Here he comes out of the bath, you beacons to him in a personal.
                      4. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 28
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Lexus

                        Banned? Why?
                      5. +6
                        23 January 2021 22: 31
                        As always, he overlaid the patriotic hamsters with bad words and, according to tradition, the admins sent him to the bathhouse. Lyokha does not choose words and cuts the truth-uterus right in the forehead. good
                      6. +5
                        23 January 2021 22: 37
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        does not choose and cuts the truth-uterus right in the forehead.

                        Worthy of respect! Yes, sir! Well done !!!!!! Hey-hey, until then !!! / the cry of the fans /. laughing
                      7. +4
                        23 January 2021 23: 11
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Who cares, they all seem to be from under

                        If you take into account that the face of the Russian Foreign Ministry is dancing, where ... ?????? and at Caucasian evenings ?! This is the norm ????? Damn, this is the norm, huh? shut up, eh?
                      8. +3
                        23 January 2021 23: 26
                        Spit, what is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, such is the "face", the desire to worry about someone's bedding.
                2. +1
                  24 January 2021 09: 00
                  It would be fun to watch her try to lift the "dead"
                  1. 0
                    24 January 2021 15: 54
                    Fuck. Vomiting. negative
                    1. +1
                      24 January 2021 15: 56
                      Perhaps you are right. Let him do what he wants
          3. +4
            23 January 2021 20: 37
            We have: -2, and in the afternoon +10. Fine? There is still plenty of snow, and in some places there is a skating rink on the steps.
            1. +3
              23 January 2021 20: 47
              Quote: vladcub
              We have: -2, and in the afternoon +10.

              Wow! This is where such a miracle? hi
              1. +4
                23 January 2021 20: 57
                Kuban. And last night, or rather at dawn, +1.
                1. +3
                  23 January 2021 21: 00
                  Have fun, guys. Such differences between night and day temperatures. Wow. Horror.
                  1. +4
                    23 January 2021 21: 09
                    In principle, we have snowy winters and not a lot of frost.
                    1997, one night it was -30. Then there were 3 seasons: spring, summer and autumn. In 2002 it was snowy winter, 2006 -25, and this year maximum -16-17
                2. +4
                  23 January 2021 21: 12
                  Quote: vladcub
                  Kuban

                  All-Union granary.

                  We don’t watch hockey? wink It's worth it!
                  1. 0
                    24 January 2021 09: 08
                    Gaidai's comedy - an atomic bomb.
                    PS. If there is time, but the time is a commodity differential, I watch the championships now. If it fits into the song, then forever
              2. +3
                23 January 2021 21: 27
                We have here and now plus two, and it pours from the roof.
                1. +4
                  23 January 2021 21: 42
                  Quote: Sea Cat
                  and it pours.

                  What the hell is a bulldozer for you? With a tractor driver? Sober? laughing
                  1. +4
                    23 January 2021 21: 46
                    We have knee-deep snow, and now with a thaw it will also be compressed, so it's just a bulldozer. And the tractor driver is an excellent man and he has his own tractor, so he takes on his chest only in moderation.
                    1. +4
                      23 January 2021 21: 49
                      Quote: Sea Cat
                      it is also compressed

                      But he'll wait, he'll break up himself. Oh, woe to me, not a farmer. Not even once. Alas, miserable. laughing
                      1. +4
                        23 January 2021 21: 53
                        Yeah, wait ... And grub, smoke, booze, I'm not talking about the export of such banal crap as a trash heap. Seryoga, you don't understand in our village life, you are stuck in the Moscow slums.)))
                      2. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 19
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Moscow slums.)))

                        Biryulyovo, not Moscow! laughing
                      3. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 25
                        All the same - damned Moskal! You won't get rid of it! angry
                      4. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 25
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Moscow slums.)))

                        You know, Kost, I even feel like a kind of Irishman. Well, in the spirit of the latest changes. Got it, right?

                        Eh !!! About twenty years ago, eh ?????
                      5. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 28
                        No, I didn't understand. What "changes" do you mean? Is He really dead, and we don't know here? laughing
                      6. +4
                        23 January 2021 22: 32
                        He won't die. Never. He has receivers, all their rats. Changes? Got hot. Type-softening. Slightly Damn, why am I so old, huh?
                      7. +3
                        23 January 2021 22: 37
                        Still, I did not understand what kind of mitigations are being discussed.
        2. +3
          23 January 2021 15: 34
          In a mask - I am alone, I feel exotic, I want to take off, but something stops me.

          "Stop, moment, you are great!" (C) Somehow not very good, right? For the current situation, it would be more appropriate: "Stop the Earth, I need to get out." The world has gone crazy and is not going to come back. Well, to hell with him, the main thing is to live with a smile and do not care about all the negatives. smile
          Lyudmila love , good day and my very best wishes. drinks
          1. +4
            23 January 2021 17: 45
            Quote: Sea Cat
            "Stop Earth, I need to get out."

            Or as an option.
            * Mom! Give me back! *. bully
        3. +2
          23 January 2021 19: 28
          Quote: depressant
          In a mask - I am alone, I feel exotic, I want to take off, but something stops me.

          And what exactly, Lyudmila Yakovlevna? About me. At work, they can be fined. In the store, they can not serve / well, why argue, argue with the unfortunate cashier? Wife in trade * manager it *. So I represent their situation in the first person. / In her * protection * I do not believe from the word, at all! At the same time, there is absolutely no desire to participate in the enrichment of certain persons. Forgive me, but these persons do not cause either sympathy or trust. For all and forever. Yes! wink
          1. +1
            24 January 2021 14: 45
            Seryozha, it turned out that in cold weather the mask warms the face, especially since I wear two at once, fastened together.
        4. +3
          23 January 2021 21: 13
          "Old man Romualdych came out ..."

          The middle-aged poet from the "Steel Udder" association wrote "Sniffed old man Romualdych "...
          On the other side of Moscow from you, in the castle, also -1C, tomorrow I'm going to ski.
          1. +2
            23 January 2021 21: 45
            Quote: Aviator_
            also -1C

            Oops. Tomorrow? -2? At night? Skiing? Extreme? And on boots? From the entrance to the store / garage /? Do not be offended, really, just kidding! laughing
            1. +3
              23 January 2021 22: 13
              This is hell in Moscow, there are always 3-4 degrees more than in the castle. Come in large numbers, breathed. I don’t like Moscow, but I used to like it, Meadow began to spoil it, violating hydrogeology (the shopping center near Manezhnaya), everything around floated, even in the old building of Moscow State University, cracks began. Again, the so-called. "infill development", Luzhka is 10 years old, but the Reindeer breeder continues all this. It's still better near Moscow.
              1. +2
                23 January 2021 23: 15
                Quote: Aviator_
                The reindeer herder continues all this. It's still better near Moscow

                Eh !!! ¡My friend! When this * nullified * leaves, this ... Gauleiter will also leave!
              2. +2
                23 January 2021 23: 28
                Quote: Aviator_
                The meadow began to rot her, violating the hydrogeology (shopping center near Manezhnaya), everything floated around, even in the old building of Moscow State University, cracks began. Again, the so-called. "infill", Luzhka

                Friends! Luzhkov / the deceased / and the current one is not suitable for a spot! Did you find Luzhkov? Now multiply by * Kirghiz * everywhere and forever! As long as this Gauleiter is in power? Everywhere. Everywhere, Kirghiz! Why? Russians? Died? Everyone? Forever and ever?
              3. +2
                23 January 2021 23: 32
                This bastard, yes, yes, it is a bastard! Together with his reindeer herders will not leave! Who will help to leave? Yes, we, the people, are Russian !!!!!!!! Who else ?????
                1. +3
                  24 January 2021 15: 07
                  Seryozha, less pathos. Spiritual and even physical strength is wasted on pathos. Pathos is not needed to state a position. Real deeds are done in silence, and we do not do them. Generation Z makes them, but their naive, childish wave of Molotov cocktails is being swept away by the mighty wave of digital globalization raised by serious monetary uncles.
                  1. +1
                    24 January 2021 15: 16
                    Quote: depressant
                    less pathos.

                    Perhaps. I don’t deny. But ... The people married Navalny? Nope! He / the people / came out against this * rat * power. For? Yes, she got many! Who has a position! His own! Civil! No?
                    1. +2
                      24 January 2021 16: 03
                      Yes. But the angry townspeople, protesting under the slogan "Freedom to Navalny!", Thereby agreed to replace their demands with the alien demands of a well-built and well-functioning decorative opposition, of which Navalny is the flag. People agreed to be extras in a comedy, played out in full agreement with the Kremlin: here you have ferocious riot police in opaque visors, beaten up Protestants, and hysterical women, and police wagons, and children tied up. All this is a lie and a set-up, organized by the authorities in order to distract from the truly important, deep processes that are really happening in the country, are terrible and will really affect everyone. Nobody will leave uninjured! And this name is inevitability. We missed out on the 91st country. Now punishment is coming. For it was nefig.
                      1. +1
                        24 January 2021 16: 47
                        Quote: depressant
                        We missed out on the 91st country. Now punishment is coming. For it was nefig.

                        Lyudmila Yakovlevna, my dear, how I agree with you, I agree with you, ah! You are right, right in everything. For our generation, born in the 60s, profiled / censored, I note! / Our entire wonderful country with the proud name of the USSR! What is the answer? Yes, the way we are now, no, we do not live, we survive !!! Money? From payday to payday! But ... ah! I will not talk about painful things. You know everything yourself. Good luck! In everything and always!
                      2. +2
                        24 January 2021 16: 52
                        "Good luck!" ... Have you, Seryozha, decided to relax in the evening before the working week? ))) Right! You can negotiate tomorrow)))
                      3. +2
                        24 January 2021 19: 20
                        Quote: depressant
                        You can negotiate tomorrow)))

                        Took a day off. Two. Well, .... did it happen? However, alas, me, alone, yes, sometimes, I grieve. For myself. Yes.
                      4. +1
                        24 January 2021 19: 36
                        Quote: Phil77
                        By itself.Yes

                        I'm going to Nirvana. Tvk worked. Alas, me;
                      5. +1
                        24 January 2021 19: 31
                        Quote: depressant
                        , Seryozha, decided

                        Lyudochka! You are just ... cute! Yes, sir! And ... adorable! It happens! Yes, sir!
                  2. +1
                    24 January 2021 19: 39
                    Lyudmila Yakovlevna, what do you understand by real deeds in this context?
                    1. +3
                      24 January 2021 21: 10
                      Study of laws. To all who are capable of this, and based on the study, the organization of counteraction ...
                      We are surrounded by monstrous laws, like a pack of wolves - flags, gradually narrowing the area of ​​taxation. Wolves do not see this, and only when the area accessible for movement is too small, they begin to smell danger, worry, but everything is in vain, they have been shot, they are corpses. So do we ...
                      Believe me, the incessant rumble around the US elections, Navalny, youngsters, and so on are the flags with which we are all driven into the area of ​​deprivation of private ownership of housing under the law N494-FZ, adopted on December 30, 2020, when the bells began to ring in some places New Year's glasses. The law is quiet, the law has not been discussed anywhere before, one that appeared as if from nowhere, but which begins to operate on January 1, 2021 - we already live in this law, not knowing about it! This is the area where we were driven, and from which there is no way out.
                      I never tire of repeating it, but no one hears me ...
                      Doesn't hear yet. Here, for example, a person has a privatized or purchased apartment or private house. This person sincerely believes that he is a homeowner. It was, but everything worked out. The law I mentioned provides for a lot of reasons to take away the property from the owner by paying the cadastral value according to the BTI passport in court, and this cost is negligible. Little of! Any region has the right to add to the list of these reasons. And this is a state law that will be strictly observed ...
                      The games are over, colleague.
                      For thirty years we lived in an atmosphere of finishing off the USSR, considering that he left us already in 91. And he was still alive all this time, he was waiting for us to nourish his vitality with our faith in him, and we only remembered him - who is good, who is bad. And all this time he was in agony! And now the certificate of his death is signed by the law I mentioned. Everlasting memory! We are all now homeless, literally and figuratively.

                      What remains? I do not know. How to resist this? I do not know. The public should raise a fuss about the savagery of the adopted document. But the public has no mind, it needs slogans. Learning and opposing laws is too difficult for linear thinking. The public believes that Putin will leave, Navalny or whoever will become there, and everyone will be good. Will not be. Because the law has been passed. And no one will cancel it. The construction of the feudal system has begun, and in a rigid digital format.
                      1. +1
                        24 January 2021 21: 14
                        They hear you. What I agree with: the digital world has come.
                        What else would I say: put Vysotsky on The Hunt for Wolves.

                        There is a way out of any system.
                        I believe. It's not that easy though.
                      2. +3
                        24 January 2021 21: 44
                        Yes, there is a way out. In the form of an open border. If you do not like it, they will say - go, we do not hold.
                      3. +1
                        24 January 2021 21: 53
                        Do you want to build a fortress?

                        As long as there is health, work saves.
                        And the wolf, as you know, feeds the legs.
        5. +3
          23 January 2021 21: 27
          Three or four frosty days, and the feeling that we have wintered. Not the Far East.
    2. +5
      23 January 2021 14: 48
      Hi Mikhail and Sergey!

      I have already been ill, though I have cut myself off a little with the motto! Translated from Latin "our hut"!
      1. +5
        23 January 2021 14: 53
        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
        motto

        Home soon. I will answer in more ... detail. wink
      2. +3
        23 January 2021 17: 44
        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
        "Our hut"!

        Greetings Vlad! Nothing * shalashik *. Impressive, that's the right word, impressive. hi
        1. +1
          23 January 2021 20: 34
          Sergey read Latin out loud! I'm a sad joke in this! feel
    3. +4
      23 January 2021 17: 26
      Misha, I fully support: the coat of arms is not ours, but an overseas toy
    4. +1
      23 January 2021 20: 27
      The main thing is that you live on. And new interests appear. For myself, I have defined a seven-year cycle.
      1. +3
        24 January 2021 15: 11
        The seven-year cycle is scientifically substantiated. The body is completely renewed, but ... it gets old! ))) Here's what to do to not grow old?
        1. +1
          24 January 2021 17: 11
          Movement, diet, peace of mind, and brain activity.
          1. +3
            24 January 2021 19: 31
            Yes, you are a dreamer, colleague! )))
            Peace of mind ...

            "And an eternal battle.
            Rest only in our dreams.
            And let nothing
            Do not disturb dreams.
            Gray night,
            and dormant birds
            swaying from the blue silence. "

            The nastiest thing is that there are no good dreams. Don't send them. The quality is worse than ever. Such a murky heresy. There is brain activity, movement is present, and all sorts of rubbish are dreaming. And there is nowhere to complain and no one.
            1. +1
              24 January 2021 19: 35
              Dreams can come true.

              “I have learned to live simply, wisely.
              Look at the sky and pray to God "(c).

              The city and the forest have their own beauties. Can you touch them?
            2. +1
              24 January 2021 20: 24
              Quote: depressant
              The nastiest thing is that there are no good dreams. Don't send them. Quality is worse

              Lyudmila! And I have good dreams? This is what ?? !! Heresy, come on, really! Everything depends on us, devils. Not everything, but ... a lot; !!!!!
              1. +2
                24 January 2021 21: 39
                Seryozha, just don't agree to a ban am
  11. AB
    +4
    23 January 2021 16: 03
    The iron old woman could have included the aviator instead of Newton in the coat of arms. And the tower must be drawn with a broken lattice. Then the motto would fully correspond to the coat of arms.
  12. +2
    23 January 2021 18: 43
    Antoine da Croix, where is Isabella da Croix? As soon as I read: "de Croix" I immediately remembered: "Quentin Dorward" and the main character - Isabella da Croix
    1. +1
      23 January 2021 21: 28
      The daughter has a rhombic coat of arms of her father. The newlywed has the coat of arms of her husband + the coat of arms of her father, then ... her children have a double and a quadruple, and if the husband dies earlier - a double and a diamond! So why do you need the coat of arms of Isabella? There is only a new shape - a rhombus!
  13. +1
    23 January 2021 21: 26
    "the fifth is the ring and the sixth is a lily" in that case, the founder of the Valois dynasty was the sixth son in the family?
    And then a request: tell me what these or other symbols, for example, are in the English coat of arms. Of the state emblems, it is probably the oldest
    1. 0
      24 January 2021 08: 23
      Quote: Astra wild2
      Of the state emblems, it is probably the oldest

      Look at us the coat of arms of the Black Prince, he also has a lambel.
      1. 0
        24 January 2021 16: 44
        Vyacheslav Olegovich, did I talk about the lambel?
        I said: "the founder of the Valois dynasty was the sixth son in the family" and tell about the meaning of the symbols of the British coat of arms
        1. 0
          24 January 2021 16: 48
          Quote: Astra wild2
          tell about the meaning of the symbols of the British coat of arms

          So I do not understand.
  14. +2
    23 January 2021 21: 29
    Quote: kalibr
    I offered this to men in a couple of comments. But ... among all those who have read, and I think that many, no one dared. Either fear, or some other problems prevented ... A pity!

    By the way. Your articles prompted me to act. Put on the avatar the coat of arms of the family on the female line .. Do you know? laughing
    1. +2
      24 January 2021 08: 24
      Quote: Shahno
      By the way. Your articles prompted me to act.

      Good idea. I also need ...
  15. +1
    23 January 2021 23: 59
    Quote: Undecim
    Musokhransk

    Controversial question: What money?
    1. +1
      24 January 2021 15: 12
      And also Ust-Pesievsk.
  16. Fat
    0
    27 January 2021 02: 57
    Notice, I didn’t say anything. Good text! Weighted illustrations. This is similar to the ACT encyclopedia. Yes indeed it is fragmentary. Class! I liked it very much. Not all of us will look through those books now. Great job. Thank you

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