A land of unchanging paradigms?
What is permanent in this world?
How deceitful, shaky, perishable everything is,
How changeable and strange.
("The Book of Death" Igor Neveliky)
Paradoxes stories. How often do we like to repeat, demonstrating in front of others our importance and ability to think critically, that, they say, nothing has changed in our country, although the changes are clearly evident. For example, about the painful ...
In the old days free of charge, my teeth with pulpitis were treated without anesthesia. Therefore, I went to the dentists only as a last resort. Now ... first the injection site is anesthetized, and only then it is injected with a needle. A blood test and an ultrasound scan were done in just one hour, without any queue. Yes, the X-ray had to wait ... an hour - the influx of visitors was great and pay. But that's not so much. In a word, everything is as it has always been: for some, the soup is liquid, and for some, pearls are small.
But what happens if you also go to the archive? And look through old newspapers and magazines, say, for the last ¬¬50-100 years? Of course, this is a troublesome business and requires a lot of free time, but on the other hand, you will learn so many interesting things that it is clearly worth it.
Well, for example, you can make an amazing discovery that Russia is a country in which a lot has changed during all this time, except for the basic paradigms of its development. That is, the paradigms of social development are the directions in which it is going, what they were, and they remain so for many, many years.
"Niva" magazine about people's choices
How we love to criticize our Duma and our deputies, although ... we ourselves elect them there. Like, they broke away from the people, do not make up a whole with them, they pay themselves money on purpose ...
But here we have the magazine "Niva" No. 17 for 1916. And there is an article "The Decade of the State Duma". We open it and read:
What is the reason for such a strange phenomenon? It lies very deep, in the very depths of our cultural and social system. With different cultural backgrounds of the lower and upper strata of the population, it is quite difficult to achieve unity ... ideals. It is easier to be called a constitutional or parliamentary state than to really become one. "
We will open any modern edition - a magazine or a website devoted to socio-political issues. And we will find there all the same reproaches, only, perhaps, expressed in slightly different words. The only difference is that our Duma is already somewhat older than the one discussed in the article.
"Leadership" of the former sailor Blyudnikov
Well, who of us at VO did not meet praises in honor of Comrade Stalin and appeals,
However, even in the blessed 70s and 80s of the last century, there were also enough statements that we, they say, lack such a leader. Now they say that it would be nice to clone it using genetic engineering and we will be fine! But ... we dreamed of such "good leaders" that all our "sisters will receive earrings" before, and the same peasants. And not someday, but during the revolution of 1905-1906.
So, in the fall of 1906 the newspaper "Kharkovskie vedomosti" published a letter from the peasant K. Blyudnikov, who sailed as a sailor on the battleship "Retvizan", from the village of Belenkoye, Izyumsky district, Kharkov province. And this is what he wrote there, addressing the rebels:
However, this was a smart peasant Blyudnikov, you will not say anything, although he considered the tsar for the leader. Try to manage at least a couple of oil rigs ... Oh, how hard it is. And we again stand up for taking away and dividing. And who will lead the split - the “sofa experts” from the VO? Or will the genius of Comrade Grudinin be enough for the whole country? And he will punish all the bad ones, but will he reward the good ones who have retained the faith in "sicism" in their souls? It's not even funny to believe in such a thing.
That's how they shot then, and now they shoot
Today we are shocked by reports that something here and there is shooting. Either the policeman started firing in the supermarket, the husband shot his wife, and then he committed suicide, and for some reason we are loudly indignant:
But it was all the same before. For example, on January 4, 1918, the Penza newspaper "Our Way" reported that
So this is a kind of tradition for Russian police officers to get drunk and shoot at people. This happened, for sure, not only in the city of Penza. But it is necessary to look at this in the archives of the subjects of the Federation, and who will be doing this today? Even pensioners from VO to visit their regional archive cannot be convinced under any circumstances. Even those who do not work.
By the way, in the USSR, one pilot on an airplane decided to end his wife by crashing into her apartment in an An-2. It happened in Novosibirsk on September 26, 1976, and at the same time 11 people died, completely not involved in their family problems. But it is clear that nothing was reported in the media. Otherwise, it could have happened that someone would have decided to ram the unfaithful wife on a combat plane.
The fate of the "three-window wings"
It is interesting that all reforms to weaken state oppression in Russia, in general, always began in the same way.
Doctor Diatropov, in his article published in the newspaper "Penza Provincial News" in 1863 (that is, only two years after the abolition of serfdom), wrote:
But after 1991, didn't it all start with the same? Although there was a difference, yes. But only in the fact that instead of three-window outbuildings for the same one, apartments located on the first floors of high-rise buildings were used. They opened offices, hairdressers, but more often - snack bars, bars and pubs. Because what kind of reform is this if without drinking?
Three "cheapest" professions in Russia
Not everyone will answer the question about the cheapest professions in Russia. Although all the teachers and doctors will be named. And this is not surprising, because we have always been like this. True, “under Putin” the military salaries were finally raised to a decent level, but inflation has also substantially raised it today.
But in 1812, officers in the Russian imperial army received so little that they literally barely made ends meet. They, poor fellows, were forbidden to marry until they received the rank of captain, since they simply could not support their wife on an officer's salary (lower in rank). Moreover, the class lady in the gymnasium then received 30 rubles a month, and the warrant officer - 25.
Bunin, Kuprin, and Chekhov wrote with bitterness about the hardships of all these professions. Also, newspapers and magazines of those years reported on the heavy share of Russian officers and doctors constantly, and their pay was compared with the pay of officers in Germany, France and England. And everywhere it was not in favor of Russia.
Well, the peasants even considered the teachers of rural schools to be parasites and did not want to support them. In any case, this was the opinion of the peasants of the village of Tarkhova in the Penza province in 1918. The local newspaper reported that
Every third person committed crimes in Ingushetia
Today our media are very fond of painting the horrors of "the criminalization of our society" and that, they say, our crime is constantly growing. But in the patriarchal Russian Empire it was no better with this.
According to statistics, in 1914, every third citizen of the empire received criminal experience. Moreover, the growth rate of crime was 10 times higher than the growth rate of the country's population. And this is by no means the data of the Bolshevik agitators, but ... of the archive of the then Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Obviously, it was believed that there was nothing to hide - a matter of everyday life. However, and then, after the revolution, there was also enough crime ... *
Child prostitution. Alas, today we have a place. But this has already happened before. And to what extent? Thus, by the beginning of the First World War, child prostitution in Russia accounted for 23% of the total number of prostitutes of that time.
Was in Russia in 1914 and introduced the "dry law", but only it was also constantly violated. For example, in 1917, a shinkar in central Russia had to bring only a pood of flour and a garnet of potatoes, and from this he drove vodka, which was enough for eight bottles, and he took ... three for his work. And the price of a bottle of vodka at that time was from 3 to 7 rubles.
It was not done with prostitution in Soviet times **, about which there are a number of defended theses in history. And in them, too, everything is based on data from our archives.
Patriotic education: the problem a hundred years later
Many of us today grieve that
And most importantly, it is corrupted by modern cinema and the Internet. Damned foreign language filled everything, but she is not interested in reading about Pavlik Morozov and Zina Portnova. But you know, exactly the same problem existed 100 years ago.
We read the newspaper "Penza Gubernskiye Vesti" No. 6 for 1910:
Charskaya's books, when the highlanders are fighting for freedom - this is possible. But when Russia is fighting the Tatars ... it is harmful! From this dominance of foreignism, the child becomes a foreigner at heart, and there is nothing surprising that our children grow up as enemies of their homeland. "
Directly word for word from the speeches of some State Duma deputies and ... commentators on VO, only it was written 110 years earlier. That is, the vector of interests of young people has practically not undergone any changes, only books have replaced the Internet and cinema today.
By the way, when the 1914 war broke out, everyone went to fight. Regardless of who read what books. What is there to do? Summoned ...
But something very much has changed
True, there is a sphere in which the changes have even affected the very mentality of our entire Russian masses. For example, all researchers of our society at the beginning of the twentieth century unanimously noted that Russian prostitutes have a purely national lack of understanding of their craft as a profession, which ultimately became the cause of their tragedy. But with the prostitutes from abroad, who specially (!) Came to Russia to work, it was not at all like that.
Ours explained that they were engaged in "this" because they were seduced by the "son of the owner", "the owner himself", "the passing officer", in a word - they are victims! Foreign prostitutes looked at their occupation as a business, did not allow themselves too much, tried not to drink as much as possible, saved money, and then they came back, got married and then led a calm and righteous life. Ours, by virtue of their "sacrifice", began to abuse alcohol, they did not save money for the future, and therefore gradually sank lower and lower, and as a result, they died from drunkenness and consumption under the fence. And only now, "fortunately," they also look at "it" in the same way, although AIDS has been added to all other diseases.
As under the tsar, and under the general secretaries, reforms fall on our heads like the butt of an ax. Nobody discusses them in advance, work with the population on their approval is not carried out, their significance for the country is largely not explained. It is clear that referendums every month, as in Switzerland, are from the realm of fantasy. That is, this paradigm has remained unchanged.
So “to change Russia today” means, first of all, to go beyond these traditional for our society and already dilapidated paradigms. In the meantime, it turns out that the revolution, and the civil war, and all the other difficulties and hardships, our people experienced only in order to ... change the consciousness of our whores? In terms of social development, this "achievement", of course, has an epochal significance! Now the matter is small: raise the wages of all the lowest paid social groups to the foreign level, raise pensions, and then ... - yes, we will become a completely different country!
Additional scientific literature on the topic:
* Organizational and legal basis for combating crime in the RSFSR in 1921-1929. The topic of the dissertation and author's abstract for the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation 12.00.01, Candidate of Legal Sciences Zakhartsev, Sergey Nikolaevich, 2006, Tambov; The process of criminalization of Russian society and its impact on the deviant behavior of young people. The topic of the dissertation and the abstract of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation 22.00.04, candidate of sociological sciences Merzakanov, Sergey Aytechevich, 2003, Novocherkassk.
** Everyday life of Soviet cities - drunkenness, prostitution, crime and the fight against them in the 1920s: Based on materials from the Penza province. The topic of the dissertation and author's abstract on the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation 07.00.02, Candidate of Historical Sciences Panin, Stanislav Evgenievich, 2002, Penza; The main forms of deviant behavior of the population of the Samara province during the new economic policy: 1921–1929. The topic of the dissertation and the abstract for the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation 07.00.02, Candidate of Historical Sciences Mankevich, Alla Anatolyevna, 2007, Samara.
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