Renault FT, T-26 and others. Early history of Turkish armored forces

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Renault FT tank of the French army. The Turkish army began with such machines. Photo of the National Library of France

During the First World War, a certain number of armored vehicles were in service with the Ottoman Empire, but Tanks were absent. In the twenties, the newly formed Republic of Turkey began building a modern army in general and tank forces in particular. With the help of foreign countries, it was planned to create a fundamentally new type of military with special capabilities.

French basics


The Turkish army received its first tanks in the twenties, and different sources give different dates. According to some sources, the Ottoman Empire signed a treaty with France in 1921, literally a year before its final collapse. Other sources cite 1928, and the customer was the authorities of the new Republic.



The subject of the Turkish-French treaty was a company set of Renault FT light tanks. By French standards, the company consisted of three platoons of five tanks each - three cannon platoons, incl. one commander and two machine-gun. There was also a reserve of five tanks and support platoons. Thus, Turkey received only 20 imported tanks.

Some of these vehicles (according to other sources, all) were transferred to the Infantry Artillery School in Maltepe near Istanbul. Its specialists were to study armored vehicles, master its operation, and also develop methods of combat use. In the future, all this experience was to be used when choosing new tanks and the formation of full-fledged combat units.

Renault FT, T-26 and others. Early history of Turkish armored forces
Imported Carden Loyd wedges. Photo Tankfront.ru

In the twenties, the Kurds organized several uprisings in different parts of Turkey, and the authorities brutally suppressed them with the army. All available means were used, but not tanks. As far as is known, Renault armored vehicles remained at the infantry school as training and were not involved in combat operations.

British products


At the turn of the decades, Turkey was developing relations with the UK, which, among other things, led to fruitful cooperation in the military-technical sphere. In the early thirties, supplies of various weapons and equipment started, incl. a certain number of British-made tanks.

At the very beginning of the decade, the Turkish army received approx. 30 Carden Loyd tankettes. In 1933, at least 10 Vickers 6-ton light tanks were delivered to the customer. After that, an order appeared for a number of Vickers-Carden-Loyd floating tankettes, and by the end of the decade, at least 12 light Vickers Mk VIs were purchased.


T-26 at the parade. Photo Tankfront.ru

Several dozen light tanks and tankettes of British production were distributed among the combat units of the ground forces to strengthen the infantry and cavalry. The technique was regularly involved in exercises to gain experience. Apparently, some of the tanks and tankettes took part in the suppression of the Kurdish uprisings. However, despite all efforts, up to a certain time the potential of such tank forces was limited for a number of reasons.

1st tank battalion


In the early thirties, Turkey again began to move closer to the USSR, which led to mutually beneficial agreements. The Turkish army wished to purchase a large batch of several types of Soviet armored vehicles. In 1934, tests and negotiations took place, after which an agreement appeared. Deliveries began the following year and didn't take long.

The Turkish army received 2 light T-26 tanks in a two-turret configuration and 64 single-turret vehicles. For each tank, depending on the modification, the customer paid from 61 to 72 thousand rubles. Turkey also purchased 60 BA-6 armored vehicles, which had the same armament as the single-turret T-26. It is noteworthy that the Soviet T-26 for several years became the most massive tank of the Turkish army, in the BA-6 it turned out to be its only modern armored car.

Some sources claim that not BA-6, but similar BA-3s, went to Turkey. In this context, there are still discrepancies, and the truth has not yet been established. Foreign literature mentions the delivery of several light tanks BT-2, a pair of medium T-28. However, this information is not confirmed by Russian documents - such equipment was not sold to a foreign army.


Armored car BA-6. Photo Tankfront.ru

The 26st Tank Battalion was formed specifically for the operation of the new T-3s as part of the 1rd Army, based in the city of Luleburgaz near Istanbul. The first commander of the unit was Major Takhsin Yazidzhy. The battalion received all the purchased Soviet tanks and a number of armored vehicles. The remaining BA-6s were distributed among the cavalry divisions.

Construction continues


In 1937, in addition to the 1st tank battalion, the 1st armored brigade was formed as part of the 1st army, based in the Istanbul region. She was given a significant part of the available armored vehicles of various types. In addition, new purchases of foreign equipment were planned.

In the same year, military-technical cooperation with Czechoslovakia began. The countries have agreed to supply more than 500 tractors and artillery tractors of various models. Czechoslovak tanks, considered one of the best in the world, did not interest the Turkish military. It is curious that the execution of this contract lasted until 1942-43. Having occupied Czechoslovakia, Hitlerite Germany did not interfere with factories from earning money for it.

At the very end of the thirties, the army began to form a new unit. The 1st separate tank regiment began service in 1940. It was for this regiment that British Vickers Mk VI tanks were intended. In addition, 100 Renault R-35 tanks were bought from France. Two lots of 50 pcs. each arrived to the customer in February and March 1940, and known further events did not interfere with deliveries.


Soviet equipment and Turkish soldiers. Photo Tankfront.ru

Thus, by the middle of 1940, the Turkish army had three armored formations - 1st battalion, 1st regiment and 1st tank brigade. A separate battalion at that time operated only 16 T-26 tanks and the same number of BA-6 armored cars. The 1st Panzer Regiment used Vickers Mk VI and R-35 tanks, and the brigade had almost all types of equipment in service.

Against the background of the war


During World War II, Turkey adhered to neutrality, which did not prevent her from cooperating with the belligerent countries. Using their position, the Turkish authorities tried to get the greatest benefit, incl. in the military-technical sphere. At the same time, the organizational and staffing structure of tank units was being improved.

In 1942, the tank brigade was transferred to Istanbul. Soon after, the equipment was revised, and the oldest samples were written off. During this period, Soviet T-26s were removed from service, which were considered morally obsolete. Then they formed two new brigades, and they received the numbers "1" and "2", and the existing one was renamed into the 3rd.

1943 holds a special place in the early stories Turkish tank forces. During this period, two coalitions fought for Turkey's attention, incl. due to the supply of materiel. So, Germany handed over to a potential ally more than 50-55 Pz.Kpfw.III medium tanks, 15 Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.G tanks and other equipment. Britain and the United States responded by supplying their own armored vehicles. In the shortest possible time, the Turkish army sent 220 light tanks M3, 180 infantry Valentine, 150 light Mk VI and 25 medium M4. Together with them, 60 Universal Carrier armored personnel carriers, self-propelled guns, etc. were transferred.


British tank Valentine, 1942. Such vehicles will soon be handed over to Turkey. Photo Imperial War Museum

Hundreds of new imported armored vehicles of a number of basic classes made it possible to fully equip two newly created tank brigades, as well as partially re-equip already existing formations and units. All this led to the quantitative and qualitative growth of the Turkish tank forces.

On the eve of a new era


By the end of World War II, the Turkish army had three armored brigades using modern foreign technology. The total number of tanks exceeded 650-700 units. Just two decades earlier, in the late twenties, Turkey had only a couple of dozen obsolete tanks used as training tanks. Thus, significant progress has been made. However, such results would have been impossible without foreign aid.

Against the background of the outbreak of the Cold War between the United States and the USSR, the Turkish leadership chose its own political course, which had a noticeable impact on the further development of the armed forces. Army building, incl. tank troops continued through supplies from abroad. Soon, Turkey switched to American tanks that were relevant for that time, some of which are still in service today.
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  1. +4
    19 December 2020 05: 57
    Interesting article! And yesterday, according to my notes, for myself! - I started sampling the Turkish Air Force during WW2! I did it several times before, but not completely and did not save the results
  2. -4
    19 December 2020 06: 17
    Erdogan wants to restore Turkey within the borders of the Ottoman Empire. It is necessary to help the Turks return Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, the countries of the former Yugoslavia, Georgia, Armenia and the entire Middle East back to Ankara. Such a revived Ottoman Empire will become a bogeyman for the EU, and they will be forced to lift sanctions against Russia and tame their Tribaltic and Polish-Czech mongrels.
    1. +4
      19 December 2020 08: 30
      You flog nonsense. Even if we assume that Erdogan will be able to revive the neo-Ottoman Empire, the West will immediately cajole him (albeit gritting his teeth), and all the power of this empire, instead of with NATO forces, will be thrown on Russia.
      Or have you forgotten how many Russian-Turkish wars were? We and Turkey are old geopolitical adversaries, whatever one may say. Most of the wars we had only with the Swedes.
      PS And what about the scarecrow - you rightly said it should be. Just let the Turks remember this scarecrow more often:
      Feat of the brig "Mercury", Aivazovsky
      1. -3
        19 December 2020 08: 41
        Don't write nonsense. Turkey and Russia have long ceased to be enemies, since they overthrew the monarchy, and Russia has ceased to rave about the dream of planting an Orthodox cross on the Hagia Sophia mosque.
        1. +5
          19 December 2020 08: 45
          Quote: Kot_Kuzya
          Don't write nonsense. Turkey and Russia are no longer enemies

          Yah? Well, who's writing nonsense here, we'll figure it out. When the results of the investigation into the downed Mi-24 in Karabakh appear. Aliyev has been silent for more than a month. So there is something to hide.
          And our Su-24 in Syria, so a bird flew into the engine?

          And do not forget that Erdogan dreams of chopping off the Crimea too. It's just that the teeth have not grown for this. Are you offering to help him? Forward.
          1. +2
            19 December 2020 09: 10
            In 1783, Turkey recognized the Crimea as Russian. Turkey had a legitimate chance to seize Crimea to itself only when Crimea was part of Ukraine, since no one in Turkey ever recognized Crimea as Ukrainian, it was either independent, or part of Turkey, or part of Russia, the fourth was not given.
            Quote: Kuroneko
            It's just that the teeth have not grown for this

            And they will never grow up. As long as Russia has the Strategic Missile Forces, Turkey will do the most minor nasty things like shooting down a Russian plane, no more. Turkey can take Crimea to itself only as a result of the collapse of Russia, then Turkey can already legally, on the basis of an agreement of 1783, recognize Crimea as its territory, and even in the event of the collapse of Russia, no one will be able to repulse it by armed means. And even if no one recognizes Crimea as Turkish, Turkey will not give a damn about it, as an example is Northern Cyprus, a formally independent republic, in fact, a territory completely controlled by Turkey.
            1. +6
              19 December 2020 09: 20
              Quote: Kot_Kuzya
              As long as Russia has the Strategic Missile Forces, Turkey will do the most minor nasty things like shooting down a Russian plane, no more.

              It's already good that you begin to understand that there is no smell of friendship or at least neutrality between us. The old enmity has not gone anywhere - from Turkey, at least.
              But once again I point out that if you follow your amazing offer to help Turkey revive the Ottoman Empire - it will be Russia, not the EU. Erdogan of the EU has long been holding by the balls of the threat of releasing millions of refugees - for which the EU regularly unfastens an annual tribute to the Sultan. Moreover, Turkey does not need to fight the EU at all. In Germany, for example, very soon (after 20 years maximum), while maintaining such a social policy, there will be more Turks than ethnic Germans. There are already almost a third of them. And that's a fact. There are so many of them that TV series have already been filmed about Turkish-German families. ZHYZNINNA!
              1. -4
                19 December 2020 09: 38
                The population of Turkey is 82 million people, which is already equal to the population of Germany, the largest country in Europe in terms of population, while the population of Turkey is growing rapidly, about a million a year. So if Turkey is restored within the Ottoman Empire, then its population will be about half the population of all of Europe, and there will be a lot of Arabs who organically hate Europe. I repeat once again: Russia benefits from Turkey's strengthening.
                1. +6
                  19 December 2020 09: 43
                  Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                  I repeat once again: Russia benefits from Turkey's strengthening.

                  Until now, I have not seen any intelligible arguments for this. Apart from the tales about the "scarecrow for the EU". Why fairy tales, I have already said above. Moreover, we will get rid of the problems in the Caucasus and Crimea in full - even without a war.
                  It's your turn to counter-reason. Why is it so beneficial to us. More Turkish Resorts to Come?
                  1. -2
                    19 December 2020 09: 57
                    Turkey is the historical enemy of Europe. And weakening the enemy by the hands of another enemy is the greatest art in politics. Russia will not get any problems in the Crimea and the Caucasus, on the contrary, it will punish Georgians and Armenians for their Russophobic policies by the hands of the Turks.
                    1. +1
                      19 December 2020 10: 20
                      Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                      Turkey is the historical enemy of Europe. And weakening the enemy by the hands of another enemy is the greatest art in politics. Russia will not get any problems in the Crimea and the Caucasus, on the contrary, it will punish Georgians and Armenians for their Russophobic policies by the hands of the Turks.

                      What the hell is this? The same Russian-Turkish wars. Unchanging help to Turkey from the Brits and Europeans. Full love and understanding. World War I - close cooperation with Germany. Okay, after Ataturk and the reform of the state for the Second World War, Turkey became smarter, and at least learned to observe neutrality.
                      When was Turkey the HISTORICAL enemy of Europe? Maybe it captured (or tried) Berlin, Paris, Copenhagen? Or are you Slavs - do you count any Serbs, Bulgarians and Little Russians in Europe? So Europe itself did not and does not look at them as Europeans. How was the HISTORICAL enemy generally accepted into NATO, another question? Geographically, Turkey is not at all sided with the NORTH Atlantic alliance. And the HISTORICAL enemy was somehow taken and accepted without any problems. And for many decades they generally turned a blind eye to what kind of territorial harassment happened to the Greeks - ALSO NATO members. Do you want to say that in Europe there are only imbeciles?
                      I don't even want to write anything on Crimea and the Caucasus. Well, what's the point in me scribbling a sheet on obvious heresy?

                      Your project to help Erdogan build the Neo-Ottoman Empire is ... well, there are simply no words. History probably teaches you nothing. The West also diligently pumped up one Austrian artist with finance, technology, and weapons. With a clear purpose. And it will be the same if Erdogan manages to suddenly become stronger. The West will momentarily replace anger with mercy with the same purpose, feeding another dog, which will drag chestnuts out of the fire for him. It is not a fact that it would have happened this time, but that they would have made every effort - that's for sure.

                      Okay, I'm somehow tired of pouring from empty to empty. Well, you love Turkey - to your health. I have nothing against the Turks either. I just remember very well that on the world stage and in geopolitics we are absolute enemies. That, of course, does not interfere with temporary tactical alliances in certain situations. And that the strengthening of Turkey will most painfully backfire on Russia.
                      1. +4
                        19 December 2020 10: 56
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        World War I - close cooperation with Germany

                        Again you demonstrate complete ignorance of history. The Ottoman Empire was not an ally of Germany, and therefore did not declare war on the enemies of Germany in the summer of 1914. Turkey declared war on Britain after they threw the Turks by requisitioning two brand new battleships built for Turkey for the needs of their Royal Navy, arguing that a war with Germany began, and that these battleships of England will be much more needed than Turkey. Especially humiliating for the Turks was the fact that the whole country collected money for the construction of these two battleships, a lot of Turks donated their money for the construction of these two battleships. And naturally, the Turks could not endure such an insult in silence.

                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        When was Turkey the HISTORICAL enemy of Europe? Maybe it captured (or tried) Berlin, Paris, Copenhagen?

                        Yes, against the same Germans, for example. Or have you already forgotten how the Turks twice besieged Vienna, the capital of the then brilliant Austria, the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation? Or how did the Turks slaughter their entire history with the same Venetians, Hungarians and Poles?
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        Geographically, Turkey is not at all sideways to the NORTH-Atlantic Alliance

                        Well, actually, Turkey is washed by the waters of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, which belong to the North Atlantic. Or Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy are not geographically part of the North Atlantic?
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        And the HISTORICAL enemy was somehow taken and accepted without any problems. And for many decades they generally turned a blind eye to what kind of territorial harassment happened to the Greeks - ALSO NATO members. Do you want to say that in Europe there are only imbeciles?

                        Turkey was taken into NATO under pressure from the United States, since during the Soviet era it was Turkey that was an extremely convenient springboard for the deployment of missiles and aircraft of mattress mats against the entire south of the USSR, again, do not forget about the straits. If Turkey had not been admitted to NATO, then you see, the USSR would have been able to involve Turkey in the Internal Affairs Directorate, and then the Soviet fleet would have free access to the Mediterranean Sea.
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        History probably teaches you nothing. The West also diligently pumped up one Austrian artist with finance, technology, and weapons. With a clear purpose. And it will be the same if Erdogan manages to suddenly become stronger. The West will momentarily replace anger with mercy with the same purpose, feeding another dog, which will drag chestnuts out of the fire for him.

                        What nonsense! Hand face! Hitler openly demonstrated his views to the Anglo-Saxons, back in 1923 he wrote his book "My Struggle". Hitler was an Anglophile and admired the British, the same Germanic people who conquered the whole world, became the world hegemon, the British were an example and model of the fortitude and spirit of the Nordic race for him. Hitler despised the Slavs and considered them Untermensch, it was not for nothing that, being a citizen of Austria-Hungary, he enlisted in the German army, since he did not want to serve in the same ranks with the Slavs. Erdogan is not like that, he is more like Franco, who, although he was considered a friend of Hitler, did not fight on his side and did not share his Nazi views.
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        I just remember very well that on the world stage and in geopolitics we are absolute enemies. That, of course, does not prevent temporary tactical alliances in certain situations. And that the strengthening of Turkey will most painfully backfire on Russia.

                        Nonsense again. There are no permanent enemies and permanent allies. As an example, we can cite the United States and Britain, which until the beginning of the 20th century could not tolerate each other, but then nevertheless united to eliminate their main geopolitical enemies - Germany and Russia.
                      2. +2
                        19 December 2020 11: 16
                        Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                        Again you demonstrate complete ignorance of history. The Ottoman Empire was not Germany's ally, and therefore did not declare war on Germany's enemies in the summer of 1914.

                        I'm afraid you don't know her. Or they have thought of something for themselves for me. I was talking about close cooperation. Although, in fact, it was Turkey that fought with Russia on the Black Sea in WWI:
                        Turkey, having declared its neutrality, according to the existing international treaties, did not have the right to let the ships of the warring parties into the straits. However, Germany managed to persuade Turkey's Minister of War, Enver Pasha, and permission was given. In order to overcome legal difficulties, the German cruisers were formally incorporated into the Turkish fleet under the names Yavuz Sultan Selim and Midilli, while the crews remained German. On August 3 (16), the cruisers approached Constantinople. On September 10 (23), Rear Admiral Sushon was appointed commander-in-chief of the Turkish fleet. On October 11 (24), Minister of War Enver Pasha gave Souchon an order to start hostilities against the Russian fleet.

                        Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                        Turkey was taken into NATO under pressure from the United States, since during the Soviet era it was Turkey that was an extremely convenient springboard for the deployment of missiles and aircraft of mattress mats against the entire south of the USSR, again, do not forget about the straits. If Turkey had not been admitted to NATO, then you see, the USSR would have been able to involve Turkey in the Internal Affairs Directorate, and then the Soviet fleet would have free access to the Mediterranean Sea.

                        Then you will decide who is the more HISTORICAL enemy for Europe: Russia, or Turkey. The USSR, I will note, applied to join NATO. When this was refused, then he created his own police department.
                        Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                        Erdogan is not like that, he is more like Franco, who, although he was considered a friend of Hitler, did not fight on his side and did not share his Nazi views.

                        Erdogan simply wants to see himself as a person who has united the entire Muslim world (and yes, to remind you how many Muslims are there in Russia?). But this does not mean that they cannot be manipulated in the same way. Views are actually very similar to Hitler's - he just suffered from megalomania of the Aryan race
                        Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                        Nonsense again. There are no permanent enemies and permanent allies. As an example, we can cite the United States and Britain, which until the beginning of the 20th century could not tolerate each other,

                        You misunderstand their temporary discord. Then they just measured eggs - who in fact will be cooler. Simple competition. And yes, already at the first stage of World War II, Roosevelt outright beat Churchill. Well, the story is well known - about their agreement and terms of assistance. Roosevelt's son wrote about this in his memoirs, I remember. Well, how did it decide who daddy is - peace and harmony. The goals are the same in geopolitics.
                      3. +2
                        19 December 2020 11: 57
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        I'm afraid you don't know her. Or they have thought of something for themselves for me. I was talking about close cooperation. Although, in fact, it was Turkey that fought with Russia on the Black Sea in WWI:

                        I repeat to you once again - Turkey was not Germany's ally BEFORE IT'S DECLARATION OF THE WAR OF BRITAIN. And naturally, by declaring war on Britain, she automatically became an ally of Germany and an enemy of France and Russia. No wonder in 1939 England and France, which declared war on Germany in response to its attack on Poland, did not declare war on the USSR in response to its invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939, as this automatically made the USSR and Germany allies against a common enemy. Although the act of the USSR was absolutely no different from the act of Germany. No one declared war on anyone, everyone pretended that no one noticed anything. Although the loud and absolutely Russophobic Polish Government in exile in London, would not fail to scatter the whole world about the USSR attack on Poland, but you see, the London masters of the Polish government forbade stinking towards the USSR laughing
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        Then you will decide who is the more HISTORICAL enemy for Europe: Russia, or Turkey

                        There are no historical enemies for Europe, but there are historical interests and traditions. Historically, it was a tradition for Europe to jointly beat a state that was becoming too strong and could threaten neighboring countries. In the 16th century they beat Spain together, in the 17th century they beat Turkey together, in the 18th century they jointly beat France, and they captured a piece of the early 19th century - the period of the Napoleonic wars. At the beginning of the 20th century, they jointly beat Germany, in the middle of the 20th century, they jointly beat the USSR. But they failed, the USSR won and became even stronger, even now, after the collapse of the USSR, Russia in terms of population and military potential far surpasses any European country, so they continue the tradition of collectively beating the most powerful state in Europe. If the Yankes continued the collapse of Russia in the early 90s, and in place of Russia there would now be "independent" Muscovy, Ingermanlandia, Pomorie, Tatarstan, the Ural Republic, Don Cossacks, Kuban Cossacks, etc., then Europe would not stand on ceremony with Erdogan, would impose sanctions on Turkey at the very least, having now appointed Turkey as the main enemy of Europe, not Russia.
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        Erdogan simply wants to see himself as a person who has united the entire Muslim world (and yes, to remind you how many Muslims are there in Russia?). But this does not mean that they cannot be manipulated in the same way.

                        Will the Iranians want to unite with Turkey too? And the Pakistanis? And the Saudis? To unite all Muslims is the same crazy idea as to unite all Catholics, or all Orthodox, or all Protestants.
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        Views are actually very similar to Hitler's - he just suffered from megalomania of the Aryan race

                        Are Kurds in Turkey poisoned in gas chambers and burned in ovens?
                        Quote: Kuroneko
                        You misunderstand their temporary discord. Then they just measured eggs - who in fact will be cooler. Simple competition. And yes, already at the first stage of World War II, Roosevelt outright beat Churchill. Well, the story is well known - about their agreement and terms of assistance. Roosevelt's son wrote about this in his memoirs, I remember. Well, how did it decide who daddy is - peace and harmony. The goals are the same in geopolitics.

                        The FRS was created in 1913, right before the start of WWI, I think that the bankers of the Bank of England, the leading bank of that time, played a significant role in the creation of the FRS. And by creating the FRS, the British bankers joined with the US bankers and became allies to establish the world dominance of the dollar and pound. Great Britain includes Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Falklands, Gibraltar, Bahamas, Virginia and dozens of other territories around the world. So Britain is not a small island, but quite a huge country, by the way, the largest in territory, exceeds the territory of Russia, is located in all key points of the planet, and is extremely rich in natural resources. So in terms of its military potential, it comes second after the United States.
                      4. +3
                        19 December 2020 13: 42
                        What the hell is this? The same Russian-Turkish wars.

                        We have fought with everyone. This means nothing. We have not officially fought with the United States, are they friends with us now?

                        You need to understand that we are historically pitched against Turkey, playing on the straits, territorial and mental contradictions.
                        For the union of Turkey and Russia is a nightmare of the West.
                      5. 0
                        19 December 2020 17: 05
                        Quote: Arzt
                        We have fought with everyone.

                        Here, firstly, it would be necessary to understand - we are with them, or they are with us. To start.
                        Quote: Arzt
                        We have not officially fought with the United States, are they friends with us now?

                        You may not believe it, but the United States owed much of its independence to the position and fleet of the Russian Empire - study history. Truthful ..
                        You need to understand that we are historically pitched against Turkey, playing on the straits, territorial and mental contradictions.
                        For the union of Turkey and Russia is a nightmare of the West.

                        It will never be. Above, I have repeatedly said why. We have opposite geopolitical interests. And this is not cured in any way. With China - yes, so far we are on the way (besides, China well remembers the kindness of the USSR, in spite of everything - the Chinese themselves love Russians). With Turkey - never. Only temporary alliances with a bunch of mutual situational concessions.
                      6. +1
                        19 December 2020 17: 14
                        Here, firstly, it would be necessary to understand - we are with them, or they are with us. To start.

                        Yes, no difference.

                        You may not believe it, but the United States owed much of its independence to the position and fleet of the Russian Empire - study history. Truthful ..

                        This is so.
                        But for the past 70 years, the United States is our main likely enemy. Again, although we did not fight with them.

                        It will never be. Above, I have repeatedly said why. We have opposite geopolitical interests. And this is not cured in any way. With China - yes, so far we are on the way. With Turkey - never. Only temporary alliances with a bunch of mutual situational concessions.

                        Turkey, like China, is our southern neighbor. Think how much easier life would be if we were true allies.
                        Can't believe it? And this happened.
                        Ushakov took Corfu together with Kadyr-bey. wink
      2. +1
        19 December 2020 08: 54
        Most of the wars we had only with the Swedes.
        - Well, you would have remembered the Polovtsians, you have not fought with the Swedes for more than two hundred years.
        1. +3
          19 December 2020 08: 59
          Quote: faiver
          - Well, you would have remembered the Polovtsians, you have not fought with the Swedes for more than two hundred years.

          We did not fight the Turks (officially) for a long time either, but so what? Geopolitics is an eternal lady. The confrontation of geopolitical interests does not depend on time, only on opportunities. The Swedes simply no longer have such opportunities, they were crushed. The Turks - hypothetically - have. And gradually they are already trying to spoil something.
      3. +6
        19 December 2020 10: 08
        I read all your pick with Kuzya, and I completely agree with you. Even with the Germans, with whom we had the two bloodiest world wars, Russia has much more positive contacts (no matter what) than with Muslim Turkey. And all the "charms" in relations with Erdogan are still ahead. hi
        1. +2
          19 December 2020 10: 23
          Quote: Sea Cat
          I read all your pick with Kuzya, and I completely agree with you. Even with the Germans, with whom we had two bloodiest world wars, Russia has far more positive contacts (no matter what) than with Muslim Turkey.

          Something we have some kind of "cat concert" turns out, is not it? Kuzya, me, you. = 3
          Well, yes, thanks for your kind words.
          1. +1
            19 December 2020 10: 25
            Yes, really funny. smile And all the cats are most likely garbage. drinks
            1. +3
              19 December 2020 10: 29
              Quote: Sea Cat
              And all the cats are most likely garbage.

              Well, at home I have about 6 pieces (of the total of almost 20) former garbage cans. Those. of course there were also domestic ones, just abandoned. Perhaps the most affectionate of all. Apparently, they remember well how they died on the street and how well they are now.
              1. +3
                19 December 2020 10: 38
                We have one, but also from the "trash heap". smile
                1. +2
                  19 December 2020 10: 48
                  Okay, off topic, but I will list my nicknames:
                  Musya, Lucky, Arnie, Liza, Tifa, Katya, Dina, Olya, Sonya, Timka, Mika, Vasya, Kuzya, Felix, Belka, Pusya, Lapa, Tsap.
                  1. +3
                    19 December 2020 10: 52
                    It's funny, our cat is also called Lucky, if completely, then Lucky Luciano for his pugnacious character and aggressive nature.
                    1. +3
                      19 December 2020 11: 00
                      Quote: Sea Cat
                      It's funny, our cat is also called Lucky, if completely, then Lucky Luciano for his pugnacious character and aggressive nature.

                      Mine is actually Lucky-2. Lucky-1 is dead. It was, on a hike, a kitten thrown from the balcony of a skyscraper. Not dropped, no. I picked it up in one yard, where there was a playground with gravel in the center. And he had all the pads of his paws broken. Those. it fell on the gravel. And in front of the skyscraper there is a sidewalk and a road. He was clearly thrown onto the site. It’s a pity, he didn’t survive. But then I found the second one. The poor fellow meowed desperately and hysterically - save, help. Also a kitten. Took it home. He turned out to be sick, he had to urgently treat, and then there was not enough money. Well, figly, I drove my smartphone. I don’t regret it. But now such a tiger - a dog twice as large, if desired, can lift. The king of the pack, everyone else is chasing every now and then.
                      Well, Lucky - because Lucky, yes.
                      1. +4
                        19 December 2020 11: 09
                        The mother-in-law in Moscow has a dozen cats and cats plus one dog, all from the street, of course. There is peace and harmony in the house. Yes, and everyone who was in my life before was picked up on the street, it’s a tradition to save the homeless ...
                2. +2
                  19 December 2020 17: 39
                  We have one, but also from the "trash heap". smile

                  Garbage cats are the smartest, not that the aristocratic Persians are different from the British.
                  1. +1
                    19 December 2020 17: 42
                    So life makes you have to survive. smile
                    1. +2
                      19 December 2020 17: 59
                      So life makes you have to survive. smile

                      Estessno. By the way, all our space dogs - Laika, Belka, Strelka and others - were mongrels, aristocrats in a serious situation have nothing to do. And the French had a space black and white cat Felix (or Felicetta the cat)

                      Name: Felix, Felicetta
                      Breed: mongrel
                      Color: tabby (Felix), black and white (Felicetta)

                      It is known for certain that not only dogs and monkeys conquered space: in the middle of the last century, French scientists launched a cat there. From the photo, it is clearly a cat, not a cat.
                      1. +3
                        19 December 2020 18: 02
                        Fathers! Well, one person is straight with the neighbor's Murka, I suspect that at one time he lived with their ancestors in Russia, in the year, that way, 1812. wink
                3. +1
                  19 December 2020 18: 28
                  "The Russian cat Ivan emigrated to England. Nobody knows how, with whom and when he got there, but everyone is very interested."
                  We drive in the title of the article and learn about the adventures of a cat from the Russian Federation in the vastness of Great Britain. hi
                  1. +2
                    19 December 2020 18: 34
                    No wonder, a French cat, and obviously with Russian roots, has been in space, why be surprised. smile
                    1. +1
                      19 December 2020 18: 38
                      And if we recall the adventures of the Traffic Light cat from the children's film "The Life and Adventures of Four Friends" - not a cat, but just a special forces soldier in disguise! However, like the dogs from the same movie!
                      1. 0
                        19 December 2020 18: 42
                        Alas, I did not see, somehow he passed by. request
                      2. 0
                        19 December 2020 18: 44
                        All is not lost yet. In our then komputer age ...
                        Bubrik - Airedale Terrier Chingiz
                        Fram-East evropean shepherd dog Yanko
                        Toshka-mongrel Toshka
                        Traffic light - cats Barsik and Vaska
        2. +4
          19 December 2020 10: 42
          Quote: Sea Cat
          Even with the Germans, with whom we had two bloodiest world wars, Russia has much more positive contacts.

          I also wanted to add about the "Aussie" - under the USSR (GDR) the majority lived much better. With confidence in the future (although I probably haven't seen two hundred varieties of sausage either). The older generation remembers this time with warmth. This is how the Russians "occupy" foreign countries - vilely developing infrastructure, social services, education.
          And in today's united Germany, the "Aussies" are secretly considered "second-class" people. Well, the Federal Republic of Germany has risen well from the plunder of the Soviet heritage of the GDR. This topic has always been interesting to me, I read and read a lot about it.
        3. -1
          19 December 2020 11: 00
          Quote: Sea Cat
          than with Muslim Turkey

          Don't write nonsense. Russians and Muslims have been living well together in the same country for 500 years, take the same Tatars and Bashkirs. Why would we be just as wonderful to live in the same country with the Turks? They are no different from the Azeris, Azerbaijanis and Turks are practically one people, like the Germans and the Dutch for example.
          1. +2
            19 December 2020 11: 11
            ... like the Germans and the Dutch for example.

            You tell the Germans this, they will explain everything to you about nonsense. And in general, keep an eye on the "bazaar", you don't communicate with children here.
            1. -1
              19 December 2020 11: 27
              Turks are normal people, my friend studied at a Turkish school, an acquaintance at the university for a master's degree also studied in Turkey, they can't say anything bad about the Turks, people are like people, as elsewhere. Or are you a nationalist and chauvinist? Don't like Caucasians and people of other confessions?
              1. +3
                19 December 2020 12: 59
                Denomination - denomination - strife. Remind me of the two Chechen wars?
                1. +2
                  19 December 2020 13: 10
                  Quote: Sea Cat
                  Remind me of the two Chechen wars?

                  Remind me of two World Wars? Remind me of the Ost plan? Remind about the genocide of the Russian population by the Germans? The Chechen Nazis were no different from the German Nazis, only their chimney was lower and the smoke was thinner. Chechen Nazis exterminated Russians in a relatively small area in the North Caucasus and blew up houses in Russian territory, while German Nazis exterminated Russians for millions of square kilometers and burned down Russian cities with carpet bombing.
                  For example, I don't see any difference between the Chechen Nazis and the German Nazis. But for some reason the Germans are good for you and the Chechens are bad. I now conclude that you are a chauvinist and a racist, and treat the Chechens badly only because they are of a different confession and people of a different race. Although for the German Nazis, you would be Untermensch and subject to destruction.
                  1. 0
                    19 December 2020 14: 03
                    Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                    For example, I don't see any difference between the Chechen Nazis and the German Nazis. But for some reason the Germans are good for you and the Chechens are bad.

                    And surely there were no militants from Turkey in Chechnya? Infa 146%?
                    1. -1
                      19 December 2020 23: 09
                      For your information, a lot of garbage fought in the Caucasus: from the Baltic states, from Ukraine, Poland, the Near and Middle East. In fact, Jihad was declared to Russia at that time.
                  2. +3
                    19 December 2020 14: 29
                    I now conclude that you are a chauvinist and a racist, and treat the Chechens badly only because they are of a different confession and people of a different race.


                    Is labeling your everything? Black and white, you don't see any other shades. You can draw whatever conclusions you want, it doesn't bother me much. There is no desire to continue this conversation with you, because I have long since come out of childhood. This is your level, not mine. hi
                    1. -2
                      19 December 2020 18: 36
                      Clear. Merged. There is no reasoned answer. This is the lot of the Nazis.
                      1. +1
                        19 December 2020 18: 41
                        There would be something to merge with and with whom to talk. Arguably proving to Ivan that he is a fool will still fail, and for this very reason.
              2. +3
                19 December 2020 17: 46
                Turks are normal people

                I completely agree, I talked the year before last, when they wanted to conclude a contract for the supply of our equipment to them. Competent, grasp everything on the fly. But here is Sultan Erdogan ... In general, I am glad that our cooperation did not take place, despite the fact that our office suffered financially. I don't need that kind of money.
              3. +2
                19 December 2020 17: 49
                Quote: Kot_Kuzya
                Or are you a nationalist and chauvinist?

                Question. Do you yourself accurately and correctly understand the meaning of the label "chauvinist"? And yes, to judge Turkish politics based on acquaintances - THIS IS FIVE!
                Let me remind you once again that any peoples in general are people like people (only Americans WELL STUPID (c) Zadornov =). This is not about them, not about individual good people, but about states and their policies. Don't mix flies with cutlets. The flies will not care, but the cutlets will become slightly edible.
            2. 0
              20 December 2020 11: 57
              You watch the bazaar yourself. I am not a bazaar seller, and there is no need to follow me. But demanding politeness from people, while calling people bazaar traders, is the height of indecency. I demand satisfaction from you!
              1. +1
                20 December 2020 20: 56
                I demand satisfaction from you!


                I'm sorry, but apart from what is in italics, I have nothing more to offer. request

                "satis-FAK - tsion". laughing
          2. +1
            19 December 2020 11: 32
            Quote: Kot_Kuzya
            Russians and Muslims have been living well together in the same country for 500 years, take the same Tatars and Bashkirs. Why would it be just as great for us to live in the same country with the Turks?

            Doesn't the fact that separatist sentiments have sharply increased in the same Bashkortostan in the last few years, with suspicious synchronicity, doesn't you personally worry? No? Fine. Let's live together in one country with the Turks. Just mind, without me. Russia is enough for me. Well, I hope that But Father will be finished and Belarus will finally join. Although the hell is there.

            PS And "we will live well when we do this and that" - almost the first page of the State Department's manual on fooling sheep already. "We will reduce the army and the navy - we will give the money to poor grandmothers and we will live fine!" is one example. The main mantra of the national liberal grant-eater.
            1. -1
              19 December 2020 12: 31
              Quote: Kuroneko
              Doesn't the fact that separatist sentiments have sharply increased in the same Bashkortostan in the last few years, with suspicious synchronicity, doesn't you personally worry?

              Don't write nonsense. Bashkortostan will be able to become a separate state only with the complete collapse of Russia. Bashkortostan has no outlet to the sea, and if suddenly, let's say, it becomes a separate state, then it is completely surrounded by Russia, it will simply suffocate, it will be enough to close the border around the perimeter with a lock, and that's all - comedy. And the analogy with West Berlin does not work, no one will feed 4 million hungry mouths by air transportation of food, now the end of the 40s are not rich in resources, when there was an abundance of resources and no one thought about saving, and the US economy was at its peak. And the distance is much greater from Riga to Ufa than from Hamburg to Berlin, every 10 times.
              Quote: Kuroneko
              PS And "we will live well when we do this and that" - almost the first page of the State Department's manual on fooling sheep already. "We will reduce the army and the navy - we will give the money to poor grandmothers and we will live fine!" is one example. The main mantra of the national liberal grant-eater.

              We will live perfectly well when we cleanse the Government of liberals and nationalize the Central Bank.
              1. +1
                19 December 2020 14: 09
                You are stuck on the word "nonsense", apparently. But this is me, I'm not finding fault.
                Bashkortostan will not be able to become independent, this is true. But only BEFORE. If Kazakhstan also becomes completely unfriendly (and all attempts are being made to this, and the Russians are being squeezed out of there at an increased pace) - then yes, variki will appear. I live in the neighborhood, in Severe, so the topic is close. And they did not answer the question - why is there such a synchronicity in the surge of nationalism in Bashkortostan in recent years? Coincidence?
                We can recall a recent statement, I don't remember any Muslim spiritual committee (there are several of them), that, they say, a devout Muslim cannot marry a woman of another faith. What is this if not an attempt to split the unity of the peoples of Russia? And everything - I emphasize - very clearly coincides in time. That there is a sign of an attack, a cultural offensive. Ah, okay ... Live with your Turks. I was already somehow tired of this polemic. It will not turn into a discussion anyway. = _ =
        4. 0
          19 December 2020 13: 54
          Even with the Germans, with whom we had two bloodiest world wars, Russia has far more positive contacts (no matter what) than with Muslim Turkey.

          We have 5 times less contacts with Germany than with Turkey.

          In the "overall standings", without dividing trips into tourist and made for other purposes, the following 2019 countries are leading in the outbound flow from Russia in 10. It:

          Turkey (6 trips, + 991% growth over 528)
          Abkhazia (4 trips, + 802%)
          Finland (3 trips, + 962%)
          Kazakhstan (3 417 996 trips, + 7,5%)
          China (2 trips, + 606%)
          Ukraine (2 trips, + 577%)
          Estonia (1 trips, + 890%)
          Germany (1 trips, + 426%)
          Italy (1 trips, + 361%)
          Thailand (1 trips, + 231%).

          https://www.atorus.ru/news/press-centre/new/50475.html

          And do not forget, the Russians are untermenschs for the Germans, so it was before Hitler, under him, and now. wink
    2. 0
      19 December 2020 21: 12
      Will manage. Moreover, without Armenia and Azerbaijan, this is part of our territory.
  3. +4
    19 December 2020 08: 06
    Well, the "zoo" was in Turkey!))
    Thanks to the author - made me happy with an interesting article.
    1. +1
      19 December 2020 08: 40
      Quote: Leader of the Redskins
      Well, the "zoo" was in Turkey!))

      In India to this day. Especially in the air force. Moreover, this "Pokemon" principle continues at the government level - "Bring them all together!"
      PS Minus is not mine. = 3
      1. +3
        19 December 2020 09: 07
        Yes, I agree.
        And do not pay attention to the "cons". I have several "fans))) They minus ANY of my posts, regardless of the content.
        Look here - I am writing: GOOD MORNING! HAVE A GOOD WEEKEND!
        They will stick "cons" now)))
        1. 0
          19 December 2020 09: 11
          Quote: Leader of the Redskins
          And do not pay attention to the "cons". I have several "fans))) They minus ANY of my posts, regardless of the content.

          I also noticed this in those days when I sat more closely on VO and had more time for comments. = 3 For me personally, all these pockets are somehow purple, I have long been accustomed to anonymous image boards. But for some it may be for some reason important.
    2. +1
      19 December 2020 10: 29
      Hi Igor. hi
      Everyone who did not have their own weapons production had a hefty "zoo", and in any form of the armed forces, including the navy and aviation. What they did not buy. smile
  4. 0
    19 December 2020 09: 28
    The photo of the allegedly ON tankette clearly shows our T-27
  5. +1
    19 December 2020 13: 57
    In the early thirties, Turkey again began to move closer to the USSR, which led to mutually beneficial agreements. The Turkish army wished to purchase a large batch of several types of Soviet armored vehicles. In 1934, tests and negotiations took place, after which an agreement appeared. Deliveries began the following year and didn't take long.
    In 1932, on the eve of the tenth anniversary of the formation of the Turkish Republic, the USSR donated 4 T-26 tanks, 1 T-27 tank and 1 T-35 amphibious tank.
    1. +2
      19 December 2020 16: 40
      Quote: Undecim
      and 1 amphibious tank T-35.

      FAQ? This five-turret crocodile also SWIMMED? 0_o '

      Maybe you confused with the T-37A?

      But this is also impossible. Production of the T-37A began only at 1933-m year. A T-37A - the first serial amphibious tank in the world. And share such an advanced experience with some kind of Turkey ...
      1. +2
        19 December 2020 17: 35
        Maybe you got confused with the T-37A
        Slip of the pen.
        1. 0
          19 December 2020 17: 55
          Quote: Undecim
          Maybe you got confused with the T-37A
          Slip of the pen.

          Doesn't explain it anyway. Above, I have explained why. In 1932, Turkey could not get the newest water tank, which the USSR itself began to produce only in 1933. Especially as a gift.
          1. 0
            19 December 2020 18: 25
            In 1934. Not given, but acquired. For testing.
            1. 0
              19 December 2020 18: 30
              Sorry, but I can’t help but quote: "I didn’t pump it, but gave it!" = 3
              And yes, everything is correct. I just unobtrusively hinted to Undecim that he was carrying some kind of blizzard.
              1. 0
                19 December 2020 18: 34
                There is either confusion with the documents, or by and large they are gone!
                Kolomiets writes about procurement, but only a few samples are apparently for testing. Single BA-3 together with T-37 and T-26 without specifying the number of the latter! However, it does not indicate the purchase of 60 BA-6 units!
                And this figure is given on the Internet.
                1. 0
                  19 December 2020 18: 48
                  Quote: hohol95
                  Single BA-3 together with T-37 and T-26 without specifying the number of the latter!

                  I will clarify that the T-37A is still (this is important). The T-37 was a slightly different tank. In fact, pre-production.
                  The T-37 is a light amphibious tank with a circular turret. This model cannot be called the very first model of a floating small tank, since several prototypes were made before it, for example, the T-33, on which the tower design and the use of GAZ-AA automobile power units (1932) were tested.
                  The first version of the T-37 also remained an experimental model. Its modification - T-37A was launched into mass production.
                  1. -1
                    19 December 2020 18: 54
                    Of course the T-37A! The main thing is not the T-41. or T-38.
              2. +4
                19 December 2020 19: 22
                On the subject of carrying a blizzard - you are at the wrong address. Leave the hints to yourself. Information from the official Turkish source "Turkey in the Second World War". It also contains a typo "one T-35 amphibious tank".
                1932 yılında Sovyetler Birliği'nden 4 adet T-26, 1 adet T-27 tanketi ve 1 adet T-35 yüzücü tankı Cumhuriyetin 10. yılı kutlaması armağanı olarak verilmiştir.
                Tanks were transferred to the Turks in 1933.
                1. +1
                  19 December 2020 19: 25
                  So you could point out that this is a TURKISH typo. And in 1933 no one would give the T-37A to the Turks. From the factory - and straight to Turkey?
                  PS
                  Information from the official Turkish source "Turkey in the Second World War".

                  Ah, well, now I understand. The F-35 was not yet there, alas. And that would also be attributed. Well, at least they haven't dug the Black Sea.
                  1. +4
                    19 December 2020 19: 36
                    You know, even in Turkey, they take responsibility for writing books about the country's participation in world wars, because there was necessarily relevant information about one amphibious tank behind a typo.
                    There is no doubt that the T-37A was in Turkey.

                    This is the T-37A tank.


                    And this is the first tank MKE Kırıkkale 1943 created by the Turks themselves. Is there something in common?
                    Regarding the secrecy and uniqueness of the T-37A, there was neither secrecy nor uniqueness. A year earlier, the British experienced practically the same Vickers-Carden-Lloyd (A.4) and found it to be useless.
                    1. 0
                      20 December 2020 00: 08
                      The tank in the bottom photo looks like a T-37A with an armored hull manufactured by the Izhora plant. The tower is the same.
    2. 0
      19 December 2020 18: 24
      Maxim Kolomiets "Armor on Wheels"
      TURKEY. In 1934, one BA-3 armored car, along with the T-37 and T-26 tanks, was acquired by Turkey. The government of this country was going to equip the army with the most modern equipment for those times, purchasing samples from different countries for testing. It is curious that for the manufacture of the export model of the BA-3, the Izhora plant received a separate order; the best grades of steel and imported equipment were used to assemble the machine. Nevertheless, after the tests, the command of the Turkish army was not interested in the armored car. The further fate of the car is unknown to the author.
  6. +1
    19 December 2020 17: 26
    wow ... even then armored vehicles were exported
  7. -3
    19 December 2020 23: 16
    Quote: Kuroneko
    You can recall a more recent statement, I don't remember what kind of Muslim Spiritual Committee there is

    The committee can say anything. I, too, can concoct a committee and state my beliefs. Bashkortostan is as much a single territory of Russia as Kalmykia and Yakutia. They will become "sovereign" only with the complete collapse of Russia.
    And so, it would be nice for the Russians to convert to Islam, otherwise we have a lot of Bukhariks, we need to ban the trade in alcohol. Yes, and women love to get divorced and become RSP, and accordingly raise children.
    1. Fat
      +1
      20 December 2020 21: 04
      Quote: Kot_Kuzya
      And so, it would be nice for the Russians to convert to Islam, otherwise we have a lot of Bukhariks, we need to ban the trade in alcohol. Yes, and women love to get divorced and become RSP, and accordingly raise children.

      Better leave "Russian Islam" to Yuri Nikitin with his cycle "The Russians Are Coming", he's a science fiction writer here, he can do it. Anti-alcohol attempts on the territory of Russia are mystically associated with serious social upheavals. Pay attention? Better, crossing himself, send away experiments with bans on the sale of alcohol, so to speak from sin.

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