Russian components and NATO calibers. Sniper complex "Ugolyok"

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© Photo: Vitaly V. Kuzmin / Vitalykuzmin.net

November 30, 2020 in an interview with RIA journalists News Bekkhan Ozdoev, who holds the post of industrial director of the weapons complex of the state corporation "Rostec", spoke about promising models of Russian weapons... Among other things, the data on the progress of work on the new Ugolyok sniper complex for the Russian military were announced.

According to Bekkhan Ozdoev, work is currently underway in Russia to manufacture prototypes of a new sniper complex, after which the assembled rifles will be handed over for preliminary tests. According to Rostec's plans, state tests of the Ugolyok sniper complex should begin at the end of 2021.



What is known about the Ugolyok sniper rifles


The development of the Ugolyok sniper complex has been underway in our country over the past several years. Three domestic companies that are part of the Rostec state corporation are working on the creation of new sniper rifles for the army. These are the Kalashnikov concern (Izhevsk), TsNIITOCHMASH (Klimovsk / Podolsk) and TsKIB SOO (Tula).

New rifles are being developed by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Evaluation and comparative tests of new models at the Klimovsk plant began back in 2019. Information about this appeared (including in the newspaper of the enterprise TsNIITOCHMASH "Klimovsky gunsmith") in April 2019.

It is believed that work on a new sniper complex in Russia began after the military did not adopt the Accuracy high-precision sniper complex. As part of the work on this topic, two rifles VSK "Tochnost-8,6" and VSK "Tochnost-7,62" were created.

Rifles within the ROC "Tochnost" were created on the basis of the ORSIS T-5000 sniper rifle of the industrial group "Promtechnologii". At the same time, in the course of improvements in the design of the model, more than 210 different changes were made (compared to the original version). The created rifles received an effective firing range of up to 1500 meters.


© Source: cniitm.ru

At the same time, Accuracy rifles remained a product with the use of foreign-made components. This fact did not prevent the introduction of high-precision weapons into the armament of the Russian power structures. It was reported that these rifles in September 2017 were adopted by the FSB, FSO and the Russian Guard. In 2018, the head of Rostec, Sergei Chemezov, told reporters that deliveries of the Rosgvardia rifle had already begun.

At the same time, the Russian military refused to purchase this complex due to the presence of foreign components. It was then that new development work began within the framework of the Coal theme.

As part of the Ugolyok R&D project, the Russian Ministry of Defense expects to receive modern high-precision sniper rifles capable of hitting targets at distances greater than those available to SVD rifles. The latter is designed for effective shooting at a distance of 500-800 meters. The new rifles should provide confident defeat of the enemy at distances of more than 800 meters.

At the same time, the use of a new powerful cartridge of 8,6 mm caliber will allow hitting targets in any modern personal protective equipment. Opinions differ about whether the completely new rifles will replace the SVD troops (created back in the 1960s). In particular, the magazine "Kalashnikov" believes that the new rifles, which are created within the framework of the ROC "Ugolyok", will eventually replace all modifications in the SVD troops.


Rifles ORSIS T-5000 "Precision". © Photo: Vitaly V. Kuzmin / Vitalykuzmin.net

In turn, in February 2019, the general director of TsNIITOCHMASH, Albert Bakov, told Izvestia journalists that new sniper rifles were not considered as a replacement for SVD. According to him, at the distances at which the SVD operates - up to 800 meters, its capabilities are quite enough. For many years of production and operation, the weapon has been brought to perfection.

You can spend billions of rubles on a project for a new rifle of a similar class and do nothing. At the same time, the SVD works perfectly at distances of 500-800 meters. The rifle can be thrown, you can row it. Probably, the optics can be improved on the SVD. But in general, it is better not to make this weapon anymore, as Albert Bakov noted last year.

Russian components and NATO calibers


Since the new high-precision sniper complex is being created in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense, there will be no foreign components in it. This is a very important requirement from the military. In an interview with RIA Novosti, Bekkhan Ozdoev stressed that

Rostec is systematically working to reduce dependence on the supply of various foreign components, small arms are no exception in this matter.

The main feature and difference between "Ugolok" and "Accuracy" will be the use of exclusively components and materials, sights and ammunition of Russian production in the creation of rifles,

ꟷ noted Ozdoev.

Earlier, Igor Nekrasov, who holds the post of chief designer of combat equipment at TsNIITOCHMASH, said in an interview with RIA Novosti that

As part of the work on the Ugolyok R&D project, it is planned to develop new gunpowder and cartridges, since the sniper complex is not only a rifle, but also optical sights, as well as ammunition.

It is curious that for the new models of Russian sniper weapons, the military chose two standard NATO calibers of ammunition. New Russian gunpowder and cartridges will be developed specifically for rifles, which will be presented in two popular NATO calibers: 7,62x51 mm (.308 Win) and 8,6x70 mm (.338 Lapua Magnum).

Russian components and NATO calibers. Sniper complex "Ugolyok"

These ammunition in the world has long been a kind of standard for high-precision sniper weapons. At the same time, the choice of the Russian Ministry of Defense is rather conservative.

The magazine "Kalashnikov" notes that taking into account the emerging trends and world experience, the selected calibers already look like an attempt to catch up with yesterday. Emphasizing at the same time that in case of successful completion of work on the Ugolyok sniper complex, nothing should prevent the Russian designers from adapting the created sniper platforms for other, more promising types of ammunition. True, such work will invariably be associated with the attraction of additional financial investments and the time spent on development.

Three developers must ensure competition


Three companies are currently working on the creation of a new sniper complex for the Russian army. Each of them will have to present two versions of the rifle: one each chambered for .308 Win and .338 Lapua Magnum. Thus, six new sniper rifles will be admitted to state tests at the end of 2021, if everything goes according to the planned scenario, two from each enterprise.

Involvement of three domestic companies in the creation of a promising sniper complex should increase healthy competition and facilitate the selection of the most promising small arms.


Microwave rifle chambered for .338 Lapua Magnum. Source: all4shooters.com

Concern "Kalashnikov" in the framework of the ROC "Ugolyok" presents its high-precision Chukavin's sniper rifles (Microwave), built on one base. At the same time, the most successful in the capital of Udmurtia are working on rifles in the 7,62 mm caliber. These works have been carried out quite actively over the past years. Civilian versions of the new Izhevsk microwave rifle are already available to consumers.

At the same time, the Kalashnikov weapons magazine notes that it will take some time before the problems with the new rifle are completely resolved. And the rapid scaling of the microwave to a caliber of 8,6 mm at this stage of work seems unlikely. Kalashnikov journalists are confident that Izhevsk will face problems scaling their relatively crude microwave platform for such a powerful ammunition.

In this regard, the Tula sniper rifle OTs-129, which initially has a more rigid architecture and does not have dubious design and technological solutions. Like the SHCH rifle, the Tula rifle, developed by the TsKIB SOO gunsmiths, is available in a civilian version.

Commercial sales of the Tula MTs-566 self-loading rifle, created on the basis of the OTs-129, were supposed to begin in 2020. The civilian version of the MC-566 is available with a magazine for 10 rounds, while the manufacturer claims an accuracy of less than one arc minute at a distance of 100 meters. It is known that the rifle will be presented to customers in the caliber 7,62x51 (.308Win). Barrel length - 600 mm. Rifle length - 1190 mm. Weight - 5 kg. Effective firing range - 1000 meters. (You can read more about the microwave and OTs-129 rifles in the materials on our website).


Rifle MC-566 chambered for 7,62x51

It is curious that practically nothing is currently known about the samples of TsNIITOCHMASH, which are being created within the framework of the Ugolyok R&D project. The enterprise from Klimovsk does not disclose any details about the rifles, except that it carried out evaluative and comparative tests on the basis of the enterprise in 2019.

If everything goes according to the scenario planned and voiced by representatives of Rostec, then six new sniper rifles chambered for 7,62x51 mm and 8,6x70 mm cartridges will be ready for state tests by the end of 2021.

And already in 2022, based on the results of the tests conducted, the winning rifles can be adopted by the Russian army. Then their mass production can begin.
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  1. +1
    3 December 2020 18: 09
    The most interesting thing here is where the cartridge comes from and where the optics come from. If these two problems are solved, it would be very, very - yes!
    1. -2
      3 December 2020 18: 16
      Quote: Cowbra
      The most interesting thing here is where the cartridge comes from and where the optics come from. If these two problems are solved, it would be very, very - yes!

      To the point ... Unfortunately Optics - The best Austria - Germany, the cartridge is also enemy ... at a distance of 338 LM.
      1. +3
        3 December 2020 18: 24
        Who's stopping the manufacture of their cartridges for this caliber. And the optics have long been excellent at Shvabe, the same Europe and America buys
        1. 0
          3 December 2020 18: 35
          Quote: K-612-O
          Who's stopping the manufacture of their cartridges for this caliber. And the optics have long been excellent at Shvabe, the same Europe and America buys

          There is a saying: Better the Enemy of the Good! It so happened that the best sights are made in Germany and Austria. Collimators - The best Swedes (aimpoint).
          In terms of cartridges ... nothing prevents, probably, the gunpowder would still be of high quality.
          Specialists and athletes, Lapua shoot cartridges (Finns). There is a line of Ammunition (about which I - I won't tell you, on imported gunpowder). Shells - Bullets ... we can do it. hi
          Minus is not mine.
          1. KCA
            0
            3 December 2020 19: 07
            With regard to scopes, perhaps while the best scopes are being made in Germany, but if we make the world's best large-diameter lenses, make a small one, it's small, we know how to make glass, we know how to process, everything can be solved, from the article on VO:

            “Russia is one of the leading manufacturers of space optics in the world. These positions are retained, among other things, thanks to the development of an engineering school for creating optics for space exploration.
            About 16 km from Moscow there is a unique enterprise - JSC Lytkarinsky Optical Glass Plant (JSC LZOS). This enterprise, which is part of the Shvabe holding, is the main domestic manufacturer of optical fiberglass and glass, space lenses, large-size astronomical mirrors, and various optical devices. "
            1. +7
              3 December 2020 19: 49
              Quote: KCA
              but if we make the world's best large-diameter lenses, make a small one, it's small, we know how to make glass, we know how to process, everything can be solved, from the article on VO:

              For riflescopes of variable high magnification, a good lens is not a complete guarantee of success. The lenses must be accompanied by a high-precision mechanic of the sight itself, which ensures the repeatability of the corrections, taking into account the "floating" of the aiming point with a change in temperature, the resistance of the mechanics and attachment of the lenses to variable loads during firing, etc.
              1. KCA
                +1
                3 December 2020 20: 07
                If you invest properly, then the goal is quite achievable, an army sniper rifle is not one, not two, it is hundreds of thousands of pieces, providing orders for many years, and if it still goes for export, gold mine, a civilian sight of the middle class ~ $ 1500, in Russia, when it was still being sold, now, most likely, came under sanctions as dual-use, ~ $ 3000, a brother from the United States was brought for a hunting carbine, so it makes sense to "Shvabe" either by itself, or in cooperation with someone get confused by this topic
                1. +2
                  4 December 2020 00: 05
                  Quote: KCA
                  army sniper rifle is not one, not two, it is hundreds of thousands of pieces

                  An army sniper does not need a high-precision sight x10-12 nafig.
                  it uses conventional optics.

                  In addition, these scopes are an expensive and complex product that, with our culture of production, cannot be mass-produced. And small-scale production goes "gold", and does not differ in price from foreign ones.
          2. -3
            4 December 2020 07: 46
            They appointed themselves about optics and everyone agreed, only that was 70-100 years ago. We, too, do not stand still and are not stuck in a scoop.
          3. 0
            4 December 2020 15: 39
            Specialists and athletes have been collecting cartridges for a long time, including our gunpowder, but Vichta is certainly better.
          4. 0
            4 December 2020 16: 39
            Quote: Hunter 2
            Collimators - The best Swedes (aimpoint).

            EoTech, or the price bites and the Swedes are cheaper ???
        2. -1
          3 December 2020 19: 07
          Quote: K-612-O
          Who's stopping the manufacture of their cartridges for this caliber. And the optics have long been excellent at Shvabe, the same Europe and America buys

          Unfortunately, conceptual lag.
          For a long time, we have not developed a high-precision shooting culture in its understanding in the West.
          This means that there were no specialists both among the shooters and among the designers from different fields.
          And the sphere is very specific, here everyone must work "in a team", it is not for nothing that they say "sniper complex". Rifle, scope, cartridge, sniper - this means that the designer of rifles, cartridges and scopes must interact very well with each other. Well, the "sniper" must also be involved in the research process.

          They did it in the west. We experimented with barrels, cartridges, materials, calibers, gunpowder, weights.

          Precision shooting is a skill from a shooter + extreme stability from the whole complex.
          And stability is the weight / shape of the bullet + the amount of powder.

          I don’t know, I’m apparently bad at explaining it briefly, nothing interferes with it, but for a good result the process must be very slow, thoughtful, painstaking. Well, it was agreed in all areas. Those. if the "optics" lags behind, it will be the limiting link of the whole complex.
          And in the west it is just that everything is already there and passed, so the motivation suffers - why, if you can buy a "paw magnum"?
          I'm not saying that this is correct, but there is such an attitude.
          1. +3
            4 December 2020 00: 35
            Quote: Alexander Vorontsov
            They did it in the west. We experimented with barrels, cartridges, materials, calibers, gunpowder, weights.

            And we did (and they are doing now - Lobaev, Orsis, other small private traders) - but without a coherent, comprehensive program for the development of high-precision small arms - things are still there.
            It turns out (horror!) That for accurate shooting, what is so proud (and deservedly) of our arms industry is the super-mass production of cheap cartridges in a steel case; mass production of rifling by electrophoresis, followed by chrome plating of the trunks; cheap stamping; a condo design (with gaps for dirt and burning from wood powder), allowing assembly by a drunk locksmith with a hammer and a damn mother - all this turned out to be not only unnecessary, but also harmful!

            It turns out that everything should be like that of the bourgeoisie! And the sleeves, you know, are brass.
            And the chucks need to be specially produced, on a separate line, with precision quality. And the steel on the trunks needs special, and you need to forge them, but you don't need to chrome on the contrary. And the tolerances should be micron, and not as we are used to.
            And gunpowder, you know, you need a new one, but the capsules, it turns out, had to be changed for half a century already. And many many others.
            And then it turns out that all this - simply does not exist.
            Yes, there are individual private enthusiasts, such as Lobaev (one-off production of piece rifles) and Orsis, who have seriously approached the issue and produce a world-class product - but, in both cases, it is expensive, and with import substitution everything is bad there.
            I generally keep quiet about the scopes.
            1. +4
              4 December 2020 12: 21
              Quote: psiho117
              It turns out (oh horror!) That for accurate shooting, what is so proud (and deservedly) of our arms industry is the super-mass production of cheap cartridges in a steel case

              Better to see once: smile

              Barnaul. The cartridges were taken from one pack (or rather, from the remainder of this pack). The difference in the fit of the bullet into the sleeve is up to 1.5 mm.
              © Andrey Ulanov. 2012 r.
              1. +2
                4 December 2020 14: 43
                Quote: Alexey RA
                Better to see once:

                And I also have a Kardenovskaya photo: wassat
                1. +1
                  4 December 2020 14: 59
                  Quote: psiho117
                  And I also have a Kardenovskaya photo: wassat

                  Thanks a lot for that! hi
                  I remembered that there was such a photo, but I forgot who had it.
                2. 0
                  4 December 2020 16: 46
                  Against the background of this, I recall a report, in my opinion someone from Lobaev's team was sitting, he had a piece of foam with holes for bullets and 4 rows of bullets. he weighed them to the nearest tenth of a gram and stuck them in different rows. To prepare yourself ammunition for some ultra-long distances =))
                3. 0
                  4 December 2020 16: 53
                  Quote: psiho117
                  And I also have a Kardenovskaya photo:

                  also remembered Cardin, looking at the PM cartridges ...
                  1. 0
                    4 December 2020 17: 31
                    Quote: PSih2097
                    looking at PM cartridges

                    this is 9x19, 7H21
                    1. 0
                      4 December 2020 17: 39
                      I'm talking about Barnaul, not about the cartridge for GSh-18 / PYa, which is a descendant of the SP-5 / SP-6 ...
                      1. 0
                        4 December 2020 17: 49
                        Quote: PSih2097
                        I mean Barnaul

                        There is also 9x19 wassat
                        Civilian FMJs only.
                      2. 0
                        4 December 2020 17: 53
                        I saw a similar photo, it was stated there that 9x18 ...
                        well, on the topic raised:
                      3. 0
                        4 December 2020 17: 57
                        Quote: PSih2097
                        I saw a similar photo, it was stated there that 9x18


                        Regarding repressions and executions, this is not so much a jamb of some specific persons, but a feature of the super-mass production of cheap cartridges. Marriage is inevitable.
              2. 0
                19 December 2020 18: 43
                Oh HORRIBLE !! Where are the OTK looking?
            2. -1
              4 December 2020 16: 44
              Yes, that's right.

              There are such spheres of activity, very rare and specific. Which are at the junction of many disciplines, each of which is very specific and complex in turn.

              Precision shooting is just one of those.
              For development, it would be very nice to have a timely request from the military.
              But during the times of the Chechen campaigns I came across such statements, like "why do I need a sniper when there are mortars?"

              In the west, there was another "weapon culture". Fundamentally different.
              Including due to the greater prevalence of weapons among civilians in the United States.

              The emergence of the MTR in the United States also played a role. A strong emphasis on specialization.
              When units were formed with a qualitatively different training.

              Due to the fact that it makes no sense to give high-precision weapons to the conscript.
              In Syria, sniper ambushes come to mind)))
              The Syrians hid Acacia behind the house, and when the sniper began to work, the commander informed the crew of the position, they drove out and fired at the building with land mines)))
              1. 0
                4 December 2020 17: 45
                Quote: Alexander Vorontsov
                In the west, there was another "weapon culture". Fundamentally different.

                In fact, after the Second World War, army sniping faded in both us and them. Well, you know: vigorous loaf, then tank wedges through the epicenter - there is no time for snipers.
                But they, thanks to, as you rightly noted, a developed weapons culture, did not wither completely, and in Vietnam they remembered him again. Plus, then the era of anti-terror began, and marksmanship specialists became even more in demand.
                Things were going worse with us, Afghan made me think, the Chechen wars forced us to admit the necessity. Now, with the special forces and anti-terror, everything is fine with the sniper case. The warriors have a completely different question, there was no clear strategy for the development of the sniper business, and no.
                1. 0
                  4 December 2020 18: 01
                  Quote: psiho117
                  The warriors have a completely different question, there was no clear strategy for the development of the sniper business, and there is still no.

                  Well, why, everything is clear and understandable there too - not a sniper, but a fighter with an SVD sniper rifle, (because an infantry sniper (Marksman in American) as part of a platoon must be trained for at least a year) ...
        3. +2
          3 December 2020 20: 34
          Quote: K-612-O
          Who prevents the manufacture of their cartridges for this caliber

          interferes with the one who has ruined all the powder factories ... and somehow it did not work out with the powder.
          1. 0
            4 December 2020 17: 01
            Quote: polar fox
            interferes with the one who has ruined all the powder factories ... and somehow it did not work out with the powder.

            I don't remember who said, in my opinion the same Cardin, but he expressed the right idea ...
            so that everything is normal with the products - it is necessary to exponentially rip out a couple of military representatives and punish the entire management of a couple of factories in full (I do not answer for the accuracy of the quote, but it shows the meaning) ...
        4. The comment was deleted.
        5. 0
          4 December 2020 12: 34
          Quote: K-612-O
          Who's stopping the manufacture of their cartridges for this caliber.

          So Novosibirsk seems to be doing:
          During the period of sanctions imposed by foreign states, there was a shortage of hunting cartridges of various calibers on the territory of the Russian Federation, including 338 Lapua Magnum. Taking into account the experience accumulated by the specialists of ZAO NPZ during the years of close work with the leading institutes of the country, the management of the enterprise decided to manufacture a test batch of 338 Lapua Magnum cartridges. In October 2014, the already manufactured batch was booked and delivered by order of one of the power structures of the Russian Federation. In December of the same year, the next batch of this "exotic" cartridge was released.

          Plus ORSIS promised to launch the production of cartridges for its calibers in Russia.
        6. 0
          15 February 2021 05: 09
          Quote: K-612-O
          Who's stopping the manufacture of their cartridges for this caliber. And the optics have long been excellent at Shvabe, the same Europe and America buys

          The one who prevents us from doing good everything else.
          Optics at Schwabe, Daedalus is not very much and is clearly not a competitor to Schmidt und Bender, Nightfors, and so on. You can do that too, of course. Neither constantly reach for someone.
          Next:
          The cartridge is gunpowder, constant, not temperature-dependent, a la domestic
          "Sunar", "Irbis" and other homno, which has different properties / qualities from batch to batch. What is forgivable for a submachine gun / machine gun cartridge is unforgivable for a precision weapon.
          Bullets - they are not. It must be done from scratch.
          Copper sleeves - they are not there either.
          There are capsules, yes.
  2. MP
    0
    3 December 2020 18: 24
    Our industry has problems with the production of high-quality high-magnification optics. Athletes and intelligence agencies use American and German sights. Apparently because of this, the Ministry of Defense refused the rifle. So far, our industry has not been able to provide comparable quality.
  3. 0
    3 December 2020 18: 26
    Only it came to development, and already we are talking about the timing of adoption! To begin with, you need to develop all your own manufacturing technologies and equipment on which rifles will create, both your high-quality optics, and your own technology for the cartridge. ..
  4. 0
    3 December 2020 19: 19
    Quote: Hunter 2
    It so happened that the best scopes are made in Germany and Austria.

    Germany - Shmidt & Bender, Austria - Kahles. Nice sights. What about Nightforce and Leupold - USA? Their sights are in no way inferior to the Germans and Austrians. Knights - so they generally claim absolute superiority. And there are reasons for this. And the Australians with their March are no longer in the top right?
    Good scopes now do a lot of places. Including in Russia. For example, the DH / DHF line from Daedalus-HB. Quite working sights. Not to say which is better than the "big five", but quite comparable.
    1. 0
      3 December 2020 20: 56
      And the Australians with their March
      They're kind of Japanese.
  5. +3
    3 December 2020 19: 43
    What relation to sniper rifles (accuracy 1-1,5 arc minutes) has Marksman's SVD (accuracy 3 arc minutes)? This feature of the SVD, in principle, cannot be eliminated, since the rifling pitch in its barrel is optimized for gross armor-piercing bullets.

    Another thing is that neither the microwave oven, nor the OTs-129, nor the nameless rifle of TsNIITochmash, being self-loading with a gas-driven bolt drive, will never reach the level of the ORSIS / "Accuracy" sniper rifle with manual reloading (accuracy 0,5 arc minutes), since the trunks of these self-loading devices are not suspended due to the side gas engine.

    Therefore, in the field of self-loading sniper rifles, a semi-free bolt with roller braking and a fully suspended barrel is preferable - especially since in this area it is planned to switch to non-bulk cartridges of a specialized caliber 8,6x70 mm with controlled characteristics of the bullet and propellant charge.
    1. 0
      3 December 2020 21: 01
      Therefore, in the field of self-loading sniper rifles, a semi-free bolt with roller braking and a fully suspended barrel is preferable.

      How much will such a thing weigh? wink
      1. +2
        3 December 2020 21: 46
        Less than microwave and OTs-129 in equal caliber.

        The problem of the semi-free shutter is different - as cartridges: if the weight of propellants and bullets fluctuates significantly (as in bulk cartridges), then the semi-free shutter automation will malfunction. The French abandoned their FAMAS assault rifle, which did not "digest" all the gross cartridges accepted for supply to NATO. In particular, FAMAS failed when switching from brass to steel cases (due to different coefficients of friction on the chamber surface).

        Plus, the rate of combustion of propelling charges of standard cartridges is optimized for use in the chamber of a barrel of constant volume (tightly closed breech), and not variable volume (semi-free breech).

        But sniper rifles use specially made cartridges in which propelling charges and casings optimized for a semi-free shutter can be used, so there will be no failures.
        1. +2
          4 December 2020 01: 06
          The French abandoned their FAMAS assault rifle, which did not "digest" all the gross cartridges accepted for NATO supply. In particular, FAMAS failed when switching from brass to steel cases (due to different coefficients of friction on the chamber surface).
          On the contrary. Problems began when switching from cartridges with steel cases, which the French specially produced for their rifles, to standard NATO ammunition with a brass case.
          And this was due not to the coefficients of friction, but to the insufficient strength of the gross brass sleeve.
          Plus, the rate of combustion of propelling charges of standard cartridges is optimized for use in the chamber of a barrel of constant volume (tightly closed breech), and not variable volume (semi-free breech).
          The shutter opening process begins after the bullet has left the barrel and the charge has already burned out. Therefore, your sentence is meaningless.
          1. -2
            4 December 2020 11: 33
            1. Who cares - from brass to steel or vice versa, in any case, FAMAS came out not omnivorous, unlike weapons with a gas engine. But for sniper rifles (as opposed to assault rifles), there is no problem of omnivorous ammunition.

            2. In systems with a semi-free shutter, the sleeve begins to roll back at the very beginning of the shot, thereby increasing the volume for expanding the powder gases (the first ten thousandths of a second of the shot), therefore the process of deflagration of a standard propellant charge occurs under abnormal conditions with incomplete combustion of the powder in the barrel, loss of 5 -10% initial bullet velocity and multiple increase in muzzle flame (compared to a weapon with a gas engine, in which case rollback begins after the bullet leaves the barrel).

            This was noted in numerous tests of assault rifles and machine guns with a semi-free breechblock at Soviet competitions of the late 1950s and was confirmed by calculations of specialized scientific and technical organizations.

            The problem of complete combustion of the propellant charge in the barrel of a weapon with a semi-free breech is solved simply - by developing a powder that optimally deflagrates in conditions of increasing volume for expanding the powder gases.

            3. There is one more, less significant problem of the semi-free shutter - to roll back the liner at the peak of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel chamber, Revelli grooves are used in order to reduce the friction of the liners on the barrel and eliminate breaks in the liners. But at the same time obturation worsens and the receiver is more intensively contaminated with powder gases than when using a rigidly closed shutter driven by a gas engine

            The problem is solved by switching to plastic sleeves with a several times reduced coefficient of friction by using a fluoroplastic coating and / or using 1% SWCNT additive in the plastic composition.
            1. +2
              4 December 2020 13: 30
              In systems with a semi-free shutter, the sleeve begins to roll back at the very beginning of the shot, thereby increasing the volume for expanding the powder gases (the first ten thousandths of a second of the shot), therefore the process of deflagration of a standard propellant charge occurs under abnormal conditions with incomplete combustion of the powder in the barrel, loss of 5-10 % of the initial velocity of the bullet and a multiple increase in the muzzle flame (in comparison with a weapon with a gas engine, in which the rollback of the sleeve begins after the bullet leaves the barrel).
              In systems with a free and semi-free shutter, firstly, the movement of the sleeve does not begin until the pressure of the powder gases exceeds the value of the force resisting this movement and which consists of the force of the spring's resistance that presses the shutter to the cut of the barrel, the friction force arising between the guides and the bolt, the frictional forces of the sleeve in the chamber, since the bolt cannot move without a sleeve.
              Secondly, in the first period of the shot, which is called pyrostatic and which lasts until the pressure of the powder gases reaches the boost pressure, the bullet does not move and the charge burns in a constant volume bounded by the sleeve. In this case, the movement of the sleeve does not matter.
              This is followed by the first pyrodynamic period of the shot, when the bullet begins to move intensively along the barrel with high acceleration due to the formation and expansion of powder gases.
              That is, until the bullet begins to move, the sleeve begins to move. From this point on, a change in the volume of the charging chamber begins, moreover, the change in this volume due to the movement of the sleeve is negligible, since by the time the charge burns out completely and the bullet leaves the barrel, the sleeve will move by 1 - 2 mm.
              1. -3
                4 December 2020 18: 29
                Soviet scientists disagree with you - the pressure in the chamber of the barrel of a weapon with a semi-free breech from the moment the primer is pierced and before the start of forcing (the transition of pyrostatics to deflux) reaches several hundred atmospheres, which cannot be compensated by either the elastic force of the return spring or the inertia of the bolt group, nor the lever between the bolt and the bolt carrier - the sleeve together with the bolt begins to roll back (in contrast to the rigidly locked shutter of systems with a gas engine).

                Naturally, the bullet moves simultaneously with the sleeve, but this circumstance is inherent in any firearm systems.

                Outwardly, incomplete combustion of gunpowder in systems with a semi-free shutter manifests itself in the form of a muzzle flame, 3-4 times longer than in systems with a gas engine.
                1. +5
                  4 December 2020 21: 21
                  What both Soviet and non-Soviet scientific workers definitely disagree with is the stupidity that you have deigned to write.
                  pressure in the chamber of the barrel of a weapon with a semi-free breech from the moment the capsule is pierced and before the start of forcing (the transition of pyrostatics to deflux)
                  The pyrostatic cannot go into deflergation.
                  Pyrostatics is a section of internal ballistics that studies the laws governing the combustion of gunpowder and gas formation during its combustion in a constant volume.
                  Pyrodynamics is a section of internal ballistics that studies the processes and phenomena occurring in the barrel bore when fired, and establishes a connection between the design characteristics of the barrel bore, loading conditions and various physicochemical and mechanical ones. processes occurring during the shot.
                  Deflagration - a mode of combustion of explosives and mixtures, in which the propagation of the flame occurs through diffusion and thermal conductivity, and the combustion rate is less than the speed of sound. This is how gunpowder burns in small arms.
                  Therefore, the reflux of the powder charge begins at the moment of its ignition during the pyrostatic period of the shot and ends after the end of its (charge) combustion in the first pyrodynamic period of the shot.
                  And pyrodynamics cannot pass into it (deflegration) in any way due to the fact that the first is a physical process, and the second is a branch of science.
                  Before the bullet begins to move in a weapon with any type of locking, pyrostatic processes occur in the same way, since the volume of the charging chamber remains unchanged.
                  This is where we will end the process of eliminating illiteracy. Try to overcome your exorbitant PSV and read literature so as not to look ignorant.
                  All the best.
                  1. -7
                    4 December 2020 22: 14
                    You are clearly not Russian - you cannot correctly arrange the numbers "first" and "second".

                    About pirostatics: study what the figurative meaning of the word is in Russian.

                    And with the topic you have merged, obviously.

                    Total unkind.
                    1. +3
                      4 December 2020 22: 20
                      Can you argue something about the essence of my comment?
                      By the way - the first is deflergation, the second is pyrostatic. Read carefully.
                      In technical and scientific literature, figurative meanings of words are not used.
                      So, please describe the transition of pyrostatics to the combustion process.
                      1. -3
                        4 December 2020 23: 39
                        Comments are not technical / scientific literature.

                        Is there anything to say about the semi-free shutter?
                      2. +2
                        5 December 2020 00: 23
                        Enough for now. You already learned more about indoor ballistics in one evening than in your entire previous life.
                      3. -5
                        5 December 2020 12: 23
                        Do not run out, but learn the materiel, which in Russian is called combustion chemistry.

                        On the subject of a free shutter fails.
                      4. +2
                        5 December 2020 13: 55

                        ICD-10. F30-F39. Anything I can help you. The sooner you find a specialized specialist, the better.
      2. +2
        4 December 2020 01: 00
        Quote: Alex777
        How much will such a thing weigh

        7,2kg (without magazine), 7,95 with cartridges ... Heckler & Koch PSG1. Accuracy 1MOA or less.
        And its "little brother" MSG90A1 - 6,27kg, the same accuracy.
        True, the Germans abandoned this direction, and no longer develop this scheme.
        One of the reasons is the extreme sensitivity of the roller shutter to both contamination and cartridge power / quality.
        By the way, this was one of the reasons why the MSG 90 lost to the M24 in the US Army competition - because of the inconsistency of the automatic system with a roller delay for unlocking the powerful .300 "Winchester magnum" ammunition.
        1. 0
          4 December 2020 17: 21
          7,2kg (without magazine), 7,95 with cartridges ... Heckler & Koch PSG1. Accuracy 1MOA or less.

          You took my hint correctly! drinks
          And the microwave is about 5 kg in this caliber. The difference for the police is not big, but for the army it is very significant. hi
    2. -1
      4 December 2020 09: 09
      Quote: Operator
      Another thing is that neither the microwave oven nor the OTs-129, nor the nameless TsNIITochmash rifle, being self-loading with a gas-driven bolt drive, will never reach the level of the ORSIS / "Accuracy" sniper rifle with manual reloading.

      It is high time to understand that each weapon is executed for a specific task. Snipers, they are different. Anyone who needs a rate of fire at close range does not need a Lobaev bolt rifle for Lapua. Such a SVD is good, maybe a microwave ... It's all so obvious that talking about a complete replacement of the SVD by type
      At the same time, the use of a new powerful cartridge of 8,6 mm caliber will allow hitting targets in any modern personal protective equipment. Opinions differ on whether the completely new rifles will replace the SVD troops (created back in the 1960s).

      probably not professionally, at least.
      1. -3
        4 December 2020 11: 16
        Accuracy is always needed. If a self-loading with a semi-free shutter has 0,5 MOA, then it makes no sense to use a gas engine with 1-1,5 MOA in a sniper / Marksman weapon.
        1. 0
          4 December 2020 12: 00
          Quote: Operator
          If a self-loading with a semi-free shutter has 0,5 MOA, then it makes no sense to use a gas engine with 1-1,5 MOA in a sniper / Marksman weapon.

          Each step of increasing accuracy is additional money, both for research and development, as well as in mass production. In every case, one must proceed from the principle of necessary sufficiency.
          1. -1
            4 December 2020 12: 57
            It is proposed in the field of self-loading sniper weapons at the same time to save and improve accuracy - by switching from a gas engine to a semi-free bolt.
    3. 0
      5 December 2020 12: 24
      Quote: Operator
      since the trunks of the said self-loading are not hung out due to the side gas engine.

      The suspended barrel is now on the AK-12. As you understand - with gas outlet. Just a gap is left between the gas outlet and the gas piston branch pipe, they are not connected.
      The problem of the barrel is the different thermal expansion of the barrel and the parts connected to it. When the barrel heats up and expands, the attached parts heat up and expand less. The barrel bends. Like the bending of a "bimetallic plate" in your gas column, which turns the gas on and off when igniting or extinguishing the gas in the igniter.
      On tank guns and self-propelled guns, barrel bending is now detected by a laser sensor and a barrel bending correction is entered into the sight.
      In small arms, the barrel is disconnected from other priblud - "hung out". It is connected only to the receiver at the point of attachment to it.
      1. -2
        5 December 2020 12: 35
        To ensure harmonic vibrations during a shot, the barrel must be not only suspended (not leaning on anything), but also axisymmetric (without a lateral gas outlet), for example, with two gas outlets or a gas outlet covering the barrel.

        But the simplest solution is a semi-breechblock, which, however, requires the use of special ammunition (with a propellant charge optimized for burning in a variable volume and a sleeve with a reduced sliding friction coefficient).

        For self-loading sniper rifles that shoot specialized cartridges, this is possible.
        1. 0
          7 December 2020 10: 42
          Quote: Operator
          To ensure harmonic vibrations

          And why should we strive for exactly harmonic vibrations? We need uniform vibrations after each shot, we need a stable departure angle, which can be taken into account in the scope. For a single shot, what are the problems?
          There is another problem with the gas outlet - the reactive moment. As soon as the bullet has passed the outlet hole, a gas stream rushes there and a small force appears, but perpendicular to the axis of the barrel and on the large shoulder. And this reactive force is not entirely uniform, it depends on the pressure in the barrel, which is slightly different for different cartridges.
          1. -1
            7 December 2020 12: 00
            Let them be monotonous.
  6. +1
    3 December 2020 20: 05
    The magazine "Kalashnikov" notes that given the emerging trends and world experience, the selected calibers already look like an attempt to catch up with yesterday
    ...

    And what is not yesterday?
    1. 0
      3 December 2020 21: 03
      ... the selected calibers already look like an attempt to catch up with yesterday. And what is not yesterday?

      6,8 x 43 Remington SPC - Possible.
      .338 Norma Magnum 8,6x64 - exactly. bully
    2. 0
      5 December 2020 12: 04
      Quote: Pavel57
      And what is not yesterday?

      1) NGSW. Bullet muzzle velocity 1060 m / s.
      2) 6-mm cartridge TSNIITOCHMASH. Bullet muzzle velocity 1080m / s.
      3) Cartridges 10 / 4,5-mm and 10 / 3,5-mm TSNIITOCHMASH with a feathered sub-caliber bullet for a smooth barrel. Initial speed 1200m / s and more.
      4) Sabotaged cartridges - unfeathered armor-piercing core in a pallet ("clog") for existing rifled weapons. The muzzle velocity is higher than the standard cartridge.
      1. 0
        5 December 2020 13: 11
        Coal is created for existing markets. With the cartridges of "tomorrow" you can fly.
        1. 0
          7 December 2020 10: 46
          Quote: Pavel57
          Coal is created for existing markets.

          We will not be allowed into existing markets. Concern Kalashnikov had, but at the snap of the US's fingers it instantly lost all NATO markets. The repetition of NATO cartridges is a gross mistake.
  7. -1
    3 December 2020 20: 07
    Why just lick a year .. let's those 10 years .. winked
  8. -1
    3 December 2020 20: 44
    Quote: Ingenegr
    For example, the DH / DHF line from Daedalus-HB. Quite working sights. Not to say which is better than the "big five", but quite comparable.

    Dedalovites have good glasses. I watched them 1-7, really liked it. But I heard that there are problems with the mechanics of the amendments.
  9. +1
    3 December 2020 20: 54
    Quote: Hunter 2

    In terms of cartridges ... nothing prevents, probably, the gunpowder would still be of high quality.


    The Kazan plant makes quite decent gunpowder. Comparable to Vichta and Americans.
    Quote: Hunter 2

    Specialists and athletes, Lapua shoot cartridges (Finns). There is a line of Ammunition (about which I - I won't tell you, on imported gunpowder). Shells - Bullets ... we can do it. hi
    Minus is not mine.

    We just can't do casings and bullets. For Kalash only. With an accuracy of 10 cm per hundred. The refinery won’t still be able to make normal brass for a boxer.
    And bullets are a separate song. Sad.
  10. +4
    3 December 2020 21: 51
    At the same time, the SVD works perfectly at distances of 500-800 meters. The rifle can be thrown, it can be rowed


    Well, paddle back and forth. But throw it 500 meters? belay
    1. -1
      4 December 2020 01: 03
      There is such an interesting ancient invention of all sorts of aborigines - the Spear Thrower.
      With it, I think you can wassat
      1. +1
        4 December 2020 12: 06
        Quote: psiho117
        There is such an interesting ancient invention of all sorts of aborigines - the Spear Thrower.
        With it, I think you can wassat

        good laughing By the way, a very funny contraption (I call it Atlatl) at one time conducted “survival” courses for the Fighters, and got involved, even after the service, I conducted several trainings on this topic (I got tired of it quickly, there is a lot of responsibility), so this is how to make the simplest Weapon from the assistants materials ??? A bow, even the simplest one ... a rather "technological" product, moreover, requiring ammunition in the form of arrows (no matter how much I tried to make a more or less high-quality stone arrowhead, I could not, unless it was Shock Impact, dull and heavy for birds) ... whatever one may say - the simplest Weapon is a Stone and a Sharpened Stick. I don’t remember where I got acquainted with this idea, but my first atlatl was made of an ordinary knotty stick. With a little practice, I learned to throw a rather tolerable (10 - 30 Meters) weighty improvised "spear". In principle, with some luck, you can overwhelm a serious beast. Now both Me and the Son have real atlatli made by my friend, the Son generally likes to use it, it gives good results on targets. Accordingly, having spied a knife - a spearhead from Gold Steel ... made some changes and also ordered a good master. The Son - in general, turned out to be credible, small and neat, the cub can make a spear for himself ... just pick up a suitable stick and attach a tip to it, then pick up a knotty stick - and voila, the spear thrower is ready. hi
        1. +1
          4 December 2020 14: 58
          Quote: Hunter 2
          Onions, even the simplest ... quite a "technological" product

          An onion is an awesome technological thing, especially a composite one. And even a simple longbow requires verified tech. process, and from wood of a strictly defined tree ...
          Kmk, a simple crossbow is much easier to make, and its skill requirements are minimal.
          no matter how much I tried to make a more or less high-quality stone arrowhead, I could not,
          need specifically flint, but where can you find it now? and how to distinguish it? I only know that it is found on the banks of streams request
          replacement for the stone tip - bone. Bones in nature will always be wink
          1. -1
            22 January 2021 00: 45
            flint is easily identified visually.
  11. +2
    3 December 2020 22: 13
    An interesting reviewer.
    But sniper weapons are like that.
    It's time to think about a single machine gun in the caliber 8.6 × 70/64. For again we will catch up with mattresses and the west.
    By the way, the zigzauer has actually worked such a machine gun. And the weight is only 9 kg! And the accuracy and effective range of fire leaves far behind the three-line caliber.
    Such a powerful gap between 7.62 and 12.7. At the same time, 7.62 replaces completely and with a margin.
    Ps caliber something like 6.5 / 6.8 for automatic machines to replace standard calibers is also on the way.
    1. +1
      4 December 2020 01: 07
      Quote: dgonni
      It's time to think about a single machine gun in the caliber 8.6 × 70/64. For again we will catch up with mattresses and the west.

      This theme (with a single 8,5-9mm cartridge for machine guns and snipers, and a single 6,5-7mm cartridge for machine guns and light machine guns) was invented back in the 80s, and has long been known to ours. As a child, I read about this, on the pages of the Foreign Military Review, for a 90-shaggy year.
  12. -4
    4 December 2020 01: 01
    SVD is a semi-automatic rifle with an accuracy of no better than 1,5 minutes. At a distance of 800 meters, it gives a technical spread of 360 mm. Which means that even a very decent sniper will have deviations of 0,5 meters - and this is no longer sniper shooting. 800 m. For SVD the distance is unattainable. Dragunka is not a sniper rifle at all, but simply an elongated Kalash chambered for 7,62x54.
    The coal is also a semiautomatic device, and cannot have an accuracy better than 1 minute.
    This is a rifle for a platoon pseudo sniper, and for shooting no more than 500 meters.

    Orsis is a bolt-action rifle with a guaranteed accuracy of less than 0,5 minutes. I have Orsis in 243 caliber, accurate to 0,2 minutes.
    By the way, Orsis doesn't have ANY imported part. And there is no stamping, everything is chiseled.
    T 5000 cost 6 thousand rubles 7 - 180 years ago.
    At that time, Promtekhnologiya (they make Orsis in Moscow) bought steel for barrels abroad, because our metallurgists sold the required steel in batches of at least 20 tons, which was too much for the company. With army orders, this problem goes away.
    1. -2
      4 December 2020 11: 59
      The purpose of this "project" is one - drank money. Large players in the arms market do not want to be left without a piece of the pie, so they are trying to lobby for their products.
    2. +1
      4 December 2020 18: 11
      Quote: Egor53
      SVD is a semi-automatic rifle with an accuracy of no better than 1,5 minutes. At a distance of 800 meters, it gives a technical spread of 360 mm. Which means that even a very decent sniper will have 0,5 meter deflections

      Nonsense.
      When firing with a 7N1 cartridge, the standard dispersion is (depending on the rifling pitch) no more than 10 or 12 cm at a distance of 300m. She simply will not pass acceptance with the worst result.
      In short, the accuracy of a standard SVD, with the most common 240mm rifling pitch, cannot be less than 1,24 MOA, for rifles with a rifling pitch of 320mm - 1,04 MOA (for a sniper cartridge, of course).
      And maybe even better - it depends on the party. The accuracy of the battle of rifles made in the 60s was unusually high: it was often possible to find specimens with an accuracy of 3x2cm at a distance of 100m. And from especially successful games, a good shooter gave an accuracy of 0,5 MOA.
      On modern SVDM, a thickened barrel hung out with a rifling pitch of 320mm ... Accuracy - a minute or less.
      The same thing with custom chassis for SVD - a well-tailored lightweight rifle has an accuracy of less than 1 MOA.
      I have Orsis in 243 caliber, accurate to 0,2 minutes.
      And what, jerk off to these 0.2 MOA? As the bolt was unsuitable for combined arms combat, it remained.
      By the way, Orsis doesn't have ANY imported part.
      Yeah, that's why she lost the competition. Let me remind you that the Russian military refused to purchase this complex due to the presence of foreign components.
      Dragunka is not a sniper rifle at all, but simply an elongated Kalash chambered for 7,62x54.
      belay belay belay
      No comments. Your level is clear to me.
  13. 0
    4 December 2020 01: 52
    And why are lobaevarms rifles not suitable? Or do they also have foreign components?
    1. +1
      4 December 2020 17: 37
      Quote: Incvizitor
      And why are lobaevarms rifles not suitable? Or do they also have foreign components?

      Lobaev's reputation was spoiled by the past "approach to the projectile." Then the company made piece products perfectly, but as soon as at least a small series began, there were immediately complaints about the quality. At the Hanse, there was an epic constructive dialogue between the buyer and the representative of the Lobaevites about the quality of the rifle.
    2. +2
      4 December 2020 18: 14
      Quote: Incvizitor
      Or do they also have foreign components?

      Конечно.
      We even have sights on the Armata, and those with foreign components.
  14. +1
    4 December 2020 11: 57
    A bunch of projects for these rifles were made for the purpose of an elementary drink of state money, as usual. Back in 2011, an excellent sniper system, the Orsis T-338, was presented for the 5000 LM cartridge, which has proven itself excellent. But no, all these "state research institutes", which like to push any old rubbish for new money, decided to warm their hands here.
  15. 0
    5 December 2020 11: 55
    the use of a new powerful cartridge of 8,6 mm caliber will allow hitting targets in any modern personal protective equipment.

    Any textbook on cartridges indicates that it is not the energy of the bullet itself that is important for penetration, but the specific energy - the ratio of energy to the cross section of the bullet. The larger the cross-section (caliber), the LESS the penetrating effect of the bullet.
    But what is important, and squared, is the speed of the bullet. But what is the bullet velocity of the cartridges chosen by the Ministry of Defense? All the same - within 850-900m / s. Thus, the penetration effect of these bullets is NOT greater than that of existing ones.
    Moreover, the US Army, under the NGSW program, has been developing weapons with a bullet with an initial velocity of about 1060 m / s for several years to penetrate the modern "Ratnik" body armor. And the American press constantly points out: if we need to pierce a bulletproof vest, then we need to increase the speed of the bullet.
    But our Ministry of Defense took the old NATO cartridges, not the NGSW cartridge. This is a road to nowhere, a waste of time and money.
  16. 0
    5 December 2020 12: 28
    You can spend billions of rubles on a project for a new rifle of a similar class and do nothing. At the same time, the SVD works perfectly at distances of 500-800 meters. The rifle can be thrown, you can row it. Probably, the optics can be improved on the SVD. But in general, it is better not to make this weapon anymore, as Albert Bakov noted last year.

    the main improvement of the SVD would be the possibility of replacing the barrel without putting it into the factory. 4-6 thousand resources seem to be a lot for a sniper rifle, but you also need to take into account that hundreds and thousands of cartridges are trained and burned with it.
    And so yes, the rifle is excellent in its tasks and purposes.
  17. 0
    7 December 2020 14: 00
    Concern "Kalashnikov" is no longer in Rostec ... It was sold for a penny to a non-Russian thieving bureaucrat .... As for "Bekkhan Ozdoev", there is little doubt that corruption and stupid dough cutting are in their blood ...
  18. +1
    29 December 2020 22: 17
    The author, a great optemist, however laughing "If everything goes according to plan ..." What plan ?. What are the six rifles? what state tests? Look at this situation from the outside - this is the SAMOVAROV competition wink Everything these "leading companies" have to offer, the last century, literally. What questions are they trying to solve? - Turn or skew? Gas outlet from the top or from the bottom? The chamber is tight or ... and the 338 has poor starting, but what is the pull on the trigger, etc. This is just a sect of lovers of retro-iron, graduates of the "rifle-cannon" faculty can only make a copy of the AKM. Mosin made his rifle on machines of the middle of the 18th century, and "Orsis" makes the same Mosin rifle (rem 700) on machines of the 21st century laughing In this competition, the winner is the one with the longer bayonet ... wassat
  19. -1
    22 January 2021 00: 53
    Is there any point in coming up with something of your own, if there is
    ready-made products on the market, optimal in terms of price / quality?
    Tsarist Russia did not hesitate to buy commercial lots
    weapons, because she understood that the purchase of a batch
    always cheaper than a unique / unrepeatable / author's solution.
  20. 0
    15 February 2021 05: 13
    Curious, why create another semi-automatic machine in 7.62x51 if, as the article says, suits the SVD? Cartridges for the same tasks.
    .338LM is another matter. Here the task is to solve a bolt rifle or a semi-automatic.
  21. 0
    24 February 2021 13: 19
    It is clear: Orsis is driven away from the trough under the guise of import substitution. And Kaki will have more power.

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