Torpedo SET-53: Soviet "totalitarian", but real

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March 7, 2019 Facebook "Marynarka Wojenna RP" (Polish Navy) has published recent photos of practical torpedo firing of SET-53ME torpedoes.

Given the negative attitude in Poland towards everything Soviet and "totalitarian" and the many years of transition to NATO standards, the fact seems surprising. But actually no. Poland, of course, has "modern NATO torpedoes" - the "latest and greatest" small-sized MU90 torpedoes. It seems to be there ... because the Poles shoot them only as torpedo shells.



Torpedo SET-53: Soviet "totalitarian", but real

Like this. A totalitarian communist torpedo, though ancient, is real. And it still finds its place in the weapons system of a NATO member country in the 50st century. A striking example of the longevity of a complex technical model of military technology developed back in the XNUMXs of the last century!

The topic of the first domestic homing torpedoes was previously considered in a number of articles and books by both specialists and civil authors. At the same time, all these publications were not just incomplete, but had the character of a description of events without attempts to analyze the development progress, the logic of decisions made and the results obtained (positive and negative). At the same time, the lessons and conclusions of the first domestic anti-submarine torpedo SET-53 are still relevant.

Birth


Research on the creation of the first domestic anti-submarine torpedo began at the Scientific Research Mine and Torpedo Institute (NIMTI) of the Navy in 1950.

The main technical problem was not just the creation of torpedoes with a two-plane homing system (CLS), but the definition of such technical solutions that would ensure the coordination of its parameters with the maneuverable capabilities of the torpedo and the target, while ensuring its guidance to a fairly low-noise submarine (PL) maneuvering in two planes ...

The task of hitting submarines with torpedoes at that time had already been successfully solved in the West; the F24 Fido air torpedo was successfully used during the fighting in World War II. The problem was the extremely low success rate of homing torpedoes at that time. This raises the question of comparing the scientific and technical level of the United States and Germany. Despite the fact that the USA successfully created (and used in battle) an anti-submarine torpedo (in contrast to Germany, which had only anti-ship homing torpedoes), the level of US development still lagged significantly behind Germany, since what the USA had , was obtained on low-speed torpedoes. In Germany, at that time, a colossal amount of R&D was carried out to create homing torpedoes with high performance characteristics (including speed).

In the funds of the Central Naval Library there is a 1947 translated report by the employee of the "Special Technical Bureau of the USSR Navy" (Sestroretsk, "captured Germans" worked) Gustav Glode on the organization of torpedo R&D in Germany. At the torpedo test station, up to 90 test shots (!) Of torpedoes per day reached. In fact, the Germans had a "conveyor" for the preparation and testing of torpedoes and the analysis of their results. At the same time, G. Glode's conclusions were of a critical nature, for example, about the erroneous choice of the German Navy's equal-signal direction finding method of the CCH instead of the more complex phase method, which, however, in the complex of all conditions of use in a torpedo gave a significant gain (providing much more accurate targeting and the possibility of a significant reduction in the volume of field tests).

The first domestic post-war CLNs were completely based on German developments, but their results were perceived by us without deep analysis. For example, the main technical solutions (including the operating frequency of the homing system is 25KHz) of the TV torpedo SSN "survived" with us until the early 90s in the SAET-50, SAET-60 (M) torpedoes and, partially, in the SET -53


At the same time, we have completely ignored the experience of the Second World War in terms of the use of the first hydroacoustic countermeasures (SGPD), towed torpedo deflectors of the Foxer type.

The German Navy, having gained experience in the use of torpedoes in the conditions of using Foxers, came to telecontrol (remote control of torpedoes from a submarine via a wire, today instead of a wire a fiber-optic cable is used) of torpedoes and the abandonment of the original equal-signal direction finding method (implemented in the T- torpedo V) to the new SSN in the "Lerche" torpedo with the differential-maximum method of direction finding ("scanning" along the horizon with a single directional pattern was realized due to the rotating "curtain" of the receiver). The point of using this method in the "Lerch" was to ensure the separation of the noise of the target and the towed "Foxer" by the guidance operator (torpedo telecontrol).

Having received the German torpedo groundwork for R&D after the war, we practically repeated TV - in our version of the SAET-50, but the first tests showed that this approach is inapplicable for an anti-submarine torpedo. Guidance errors were obtained with which the probability of hitting the submarine was unacceptably small.

There was neither time nor resources for a huge volume of tests (according to the "German model"). Under these conditions, the head of the topic at NIMTI V.M. it was decided to conduct "stop" tests of the CLS ("post-stop" tests with "hanging" samples of CLS torpedoes were called bathyspheric).

What is the essence of such tests? The fact is that instead of launching a torpedo from the ship, its homing system is immersed in the water and it is actually tested "on weight". This method allows you to significantly speed up the passage of tests, but at the cost of less proximity of their conditions to real conditions in a moving torpedo.

The option of the equipment, selected according to the results of stop tests, is a passive system that "operates" on an equal-signal principle in the vertical plane (similar to TV and SAET-50) and maximum differential in the horizontal plane, which also confirmed its capabilities during tests of an experimental model on a running dummy torpedo.


Note: indicated in the work of Korshunov Yu.L. and Strokova A.A. the maximum method in the vertical plane (and equal-signal in the horizontal one) was implemented already on subsequent versions of torpedoes (with modified control devices), and initially the "receiver with a shutter" worked precisely "horizontally". At the same time, for its work, an ethylene glycol medium was needed (with the corresponding "personnel losses"). R. Gusev:

“At the acoustics, the light on it converged like a wedge: only in its environment did the soldered rotating shutter of the receiving device produce a minimum level of acoustic interference and, therefore, ensure the maximum response range of the homing equipment. And this ethylene glycol was a cool poison and had, unfortunately, the chemical formula C2H4 (OH) 2. "

SET-53 became the first domestic torpedo, in which the problem of ensuring high maneuverability of the torpedo in the vertical plane was solved. Prior to it, the maximum trim angle of our torpedoes was 7 degrees, which were provided by the hydrostatic apparatus of the Italian 53F torpedo of the early 20s (which became 53-58 in our country and which has survived to this day practically unchanged in the 53-65K torpedo in service with the Russian Navy) ...

Two versions of the system were developed: in the form of a bellows-pendulum device and a hydrostatic closure. Both systems have successfully passed field tests on mock-ups. When transferring work to industry, the choice fell on a bellows-pendulum device.

The depth of travel (search) of the torpedoes was introduced mechanically - by rotating the depth spindle. At the same time, the limitation of the "bottom" (the maximum depth of torpedo maneuvering) was introduced automatically as a doubled search depth (about the problems of such a solution - below).

To ensure the explosion of an explosive charge (HE), in addition to two new contact fuses UZU (unified ignition device), an active electromagnetic circular fuse was installed, the emitting coil of which protruded from the hull in the aft part (similar to TV and SAET-50), and the receiving housed in the combat loading compartment of the torpedo.

In 1954, NIMTI specialists carried out stop and sea trials of an experimental torpedo. The results confirmed the possibility of creating a torpedo with given tactical and technical characteristics.

Thus, the most difficult technical problem was successfully solved by NIMTI in the shortest possible time, and the main role here was played by the bathyspheric tests.

In 1955, to complete the development and deployment of serial production, all work was transferred to the industry, NII-400 (the future Central Research Institute "Gidropribor") and the "Engine" plant. The chief designer of the torpedo was first appointed V.A.Golubkov (the future chief designer of the SET-65 torpedo), in the same 1955 he was replaced by the more experienced V.A.Polikarpov.

Explanation: NIMTI, as a body of the Navy, could only conduct research work (R&D) with the creation of experimental samples and testing them. To organize the serial production of weapons and military equipment (AME), experimental design work (R&D) is required already in industry, with the development of working design documentation (RCD) for a model of AME for a series, and it meets all special requirements ("the impact of external factors": impact , climate, etc.). There is an unofficial definition of the ROC: "verification during testing of the design documentation for a prototype to ensure its further serial production."

In 1956, the Dvigatel plant manufactured 400 prototypes of torpedoes using the developed at NII-8 RKD, and their preliminary (PI) tests began at the sites of Ladoga and the Black Sea.

In 1957, state tests (GI) of the torpedo were carried out (a total of 54 shots were fired). According to Korshunov and Strokov, state tests were carried out on Ladoga, which raises some doubts, since the requirements of the GI unambiguously require firing from carriers (submarines and surface ships) and a complete check of the specified tactical and technical requirements for a torpedo, which is possible only under conditions fleets.

Some of their details are of interest.

One of the main tasks of the tests was to assess the accuracy of the output of the torpedo to the target. It was verified in two stages. First, they fired at a stationary emitter simulating a target. The accuracy of passing on these firing was assessed using a special marker of the place of passage of a torpedo (OMP), which reacts to the electromagnetic field with a non-contact fuse. Conventional light nets were used as additional control. The torpedoes in their cells left clear breakthroughs. The WMD data and the network breakthroughs showed sufficient coincidence. At the second stage, the shooting was carried out at a moving noise source - an emitter mounted on a torpedo traveling at a speed of 14,5 knots. The pointing accuracy at this stage was assessed purely qualitatively.

The episode with nets and weapons of mass destruction most likely belongs to the stage of preliminary tests, but the episode with the "torpedo with emitter" is very interesting. In view of the significant overweight of our torpedoes, they cannot walk slowly: they need high speed simply to carry their weight (due to the angle of attack and lift on the hull).

All, except for SET-53, which had near-zero buoyancy (and in the first modification - positive buoyancy). Most likely, the target simulator was made just on the basis of SET-53, with the installation of a mechanical noise emitter instead of the combat charging compartment (BZO). Those. On the basis of SET-53, the first domestic self-propelled hydroacoustic countermeasure (GPD) device was made.

In 1958, the first domestic anti-submarine torpedo was put into service. The torpedo was named SET-53. Its subsequent modernization was carried out under the leadership of G.A.Kaplunov.

In 1965, a group of specialists who took part in the creation of the first domestic anti-submarine torpedo, including V. M. Shakhnovich and V. A. Polikarpov, was awarded the Lenin Prize. Among the subsequent works of V. M. Shakhnovich, it is necessary to note the research work "Jeyran" at the beginning of the 60s, which determined the appearance and direction of the main domestic SSN for surface targets with vertical tracking of the wake.


A question that has little coverage both in the media and in special literature is modifications of the SET-53 torpedo and its real performance characteristics. Usually called the SET-53M torpedo with a silver-zinc battery and increased speed and range, but the question is much more complicated.

In fact, modifications of the torpedo went according to serial numbers (without an end-to-end numbering system, that is, each new modification of the torpedo came from a "near zero number").


Torpedo SET-53 went into series:

- with a lead-acid battery B-6-IV (46 elements - from the ET-46 torpedo) with a PM-5 3MU electric motor and a speed of 23 knots for a cruising range of 6 km;

- with "numbered BZO", i.e. specific combat charging compartments were rigidly "tied" to specific torpedoes (the receiving circuit of the proximity fuse was "broken": its inductance (coils) were in the BZO, and the capacitance (capacitors) - separately, in the amplifying unit of the proximity fuse in the torpedo battery compartment);

- with a single-spindle head of the heading device (ie the ability to enter only the "omega" angle - the first turn of the torpedo after the shot);

- with BZO with TGA-G5 explosives (weighing slightly less than 90kg) and two UZU fuses;

- with SSN with the maximum differential direction finding method in the horizontal plane and equal signal - vertical with an antenna covered with a metal fairing.

Subsequent changes to torpedoes in the series.

Torpedoes with numbers from 500 received unified and interchangeable BZOs.

Torpedoes with numbers from 800 received a 3-spindle head of the heading device with the ability to set the angles "omega" (angle of the first turn), "alpha-stroke" (angle of the second turn) and Ds (distance between them). Due to this, it became possible to form a torpedo salvo with a parallel course of the "comb" of torpedoes to increase the examined CLS of the “strip” and the possibility of switching on the CLO of the torpedo already after passing the distance DS (“shooting for interference”).


Torpedoes with numbers from 1200 received the 242.17.000 roll-leveling device from the AT-1 torpedo, which improved the operating conditions of the SSN (SET-53K torpedo).

Torpedoes with numbers from 2000 received a silver-zinc storage battery (STSAB) TS-4 (3 blocks of 30 elements each from a practical torpedo SAET-60) (torpedo SET-53M - 1963). The speed increased to 29 knots, the range was up to 14 km.

Approximately in the mid-2000s, according to operating experience, the antenna was turned upside down: the equal-signal zone channel became the horizontal channel, and the differential-maximum channel became vertical.

Torpedoes from number 3000 received STSAB TS-3.

Note: a feature of the TS-4 and TS-3 batteries was a short service life (3 months), after filling the battery cells with electrolyte and charging them at the torpedo-technical base (TTB), the torpedo was issued into the ammunition load, and after 3 months it was replaced with new ones, after which the batteries sent to industrial enterprises for the disposal and reuse of silver.

The need to replace the ammunition every 3 months significantly hampered the operational use of their carriers during combat services. For example, for the Mediterranean squadron, special floating bases continuously ran between the northern bases, Sevastopol and the Mediterranean Sea to replace the ammunition load of submarines that were in combat sometimes up to a year or a year and a half (that is, sometimes with 4-5-fold replacement of ammunition during combat service) ...

Torpedoes from number 4000 received a new SSN 2050.080 with two channels (horizontal and vertical) with an equal-signal bearing zone and an antenna covered with sound-transparent rubber.

The export torpedo SET-53ME had a SSN 2050.080, but instead of a silver-zinc battery, a lead-acid one, but already a T-7 (and not B-6-IV as on the early SET-53 Navy) and a range of 7,5 km (at a speed 23 knots).

Torpedoes from number 6000 received a ZET-3 battery with a transportable electrolyte filled in when fired (from the SAET-60M torpedo combat battery - initially 32 elements, which gave 30 speed knots, but at this speed the torpedo "stalled", and therefore the number of elements was reduced to 30 at a speed of 29 knots). The term of keeping on board carriers of this modification of the torpedo was increased to 1 year.

During practical firing, instead of a combat charging compartment, a practical one was installed with devices for recording trajectory data and work of the CLS (autograph and loop oscilloscope with recording on a film strip), means of designation (a pulsed light device and an acoustic "snitch" - a source of noise by which a torpedo that had worked out its task could to find).


In torpedo training, it is important to be able to shoot a lot and "see", "feel" the results of the training. SET-53 (ME) provided this completely.

The SET-53 and SET-53ME torpedoes, which had lead-acid batteries, could be caught after firing and lifted aboard, retrained directly on the ship (by charging the battery and filling the air) for subsequent firing. Due to its strength, reliability (including targeting) and the ability to shoot a lot and effectively, the SET-53ME torpedo enjoyed significant export success (including in countries that had access to modern Western torpedo weaponse.g. in India and Algeria).

This led to the fact that these torpedoes are still in operation in the navies of a number of foreign countries. Among the latest contracts and mentions in the media, one can cite the message of the REGNUM agency on September 7, 2018 about the repair of the Polish SET-53ME torpedoes by the Ukrainian Promoboronexport (which was written at the beginning of the article) with the involvement of the Kiev Automation Plant, the manufacturer of the most difficult part of the torpedo - its control devices.

In the ammunition of the fleet


SET-53 (M) were the basis of the anti-submarine ammunition of the USSR Navy until the early 70s and continued to be actively used in the Northern navy until the end of the 70s, the Pacific Fleet - until the beginning of the 80s. She stayed the longest in the Baltic, until the end of the 80s. Shallow depths and low-speed targets in the Baltic were quite consistent with the SET-53M.


Deputy Head of the Department of Anti-Submarine Weapons of the Navy R. Gusev:

The SET-53 torpedo was the most reliable domestic torpedo. It was made without a foreign counterpart. All ours. She entered naval life imperceptibly and naturally, as if she had always been there. In 1978, the operation department of the Mine-Torpedo Institute analyzed the use of practical torpedoes by the Northern Fleet for 10 years. The best indicators were for the SET-53 and SET-53M torpedoes: 25% of the total number of firings in the fleet. SET-53 and SET-53M were already considered old models. About two hundred torpedoes were used. These are true hard workers of torpedo combat training. Some of them were shot up to forty times, only about 2% of the torpedoes were lost. Of all the other samples of torpedoes, according to these indicators, only the 53-56V steam-gas torpedo can be supplied. But she was the last example of air steam-gas torpedoes at the end of almost a century of their improvement. The SET-53 torpedo was the first [anti-submarine torpedo of the Navy].

Torpedo efficiency


Speaking about the SET-53 torpedo, it is necessary to note two fundamental points: very high reliability and efficiency (within the framework of its performance characteristics).

For the first homing torpedoes of all fleets, these qualities were of limited applicability. The efficiency and reliability of the German Navy's homing torpedoes in World War II was lower than the old erect torpedoes. The US Navy also had many problems with reliability and efficiency (at the same time, persistently, with huge costs and firing statistics, modifying them), even in the relatively recent 80s about the English torpedo Mk24 "Tigerfish" submarine commanders who had it in ammunition and fired it , spoke of her as a "lemon" (the British submarine "Conqueror", which had the Mk24, had to sink the cruiser "General Belgrano" in 1982 with old steam-gas torpedoes Mk8 in a combat situation).

The torpedo SET-53 turned out to be technically extremely reliable, durable ("oak": it had a body made of St30 steel, which made it possible to keep it calmly in "duty" (water-filled) torpedo tubes), reliably guided at targets (within its characteristics, despite on a small radius of response on real targets (300-400 m - on diesel-electric submarines)).

The submarine (submarine), having hydroacoustic contact with the target in the noise direction finding mode with a properly prepared torpedo SET-53 (M), could confidently count on success (aiming the torpedo on the submarine target), incl. in difficult conditions of shallow depths.

An example from the practice of the Baltic submarine:

In the mid-80s in the Baltic Sea, the Project 613 submarine monitored the Swedish Nekken-class submarine for four hours ... It all ended with the Swede being "chipped" by active messages from the Tamir-5LS sonar, after which the Swede began to maneuver and evade. Which, in turn, gave 613 a reason to "calm down" and return to its search bar ...

Obviously, in a combat situation, instead of an active sending, it would be the use of a combat torpedo, and with a high probability it would be successful.

History did not save photos of "direct hits" on the targets of SET-53 torpedoes. In practical torpedo firing, they shoot with a safe "gap" between the torpedo and target depths and a disabled vertical guidance channel to prevent a practical torpedo from hitting a real target (submarine), but there were enough cases of "direct hits". Both due to errors of personnel (for example, who forgot to turn off the vertical channel of the CCH), and for other reasons:

R. Gusev:

It's a pity that we haven't photographed such situations before. There were enough cases. I remember that Kolya Afonin and Slava Zaporozhenko were among the first, dashing gunsmiths, back in the early sixties they decided to "take a chance" and did not turn off the vertical path of the SET-53 torpedo. It was at the naval base in Poti. They fired a torpedo twice, but there was no guidance. The sailors expressed their "phi" to the specialists preparing the torpedo. The lieutenants felt offended and did not turn off the vertical path next time as an act of despair. As always in such cases, there were no other mistakes. Thank goodness the blow to the stern of the boat was glancing. The torpedo surfaced. A boat with a frightened crew also surfaced. Such firing was then rare: the torpedo had just been put into service. A special officer came to Kolya. Kolya got scared, began to broadcast to him about a strong signal, a fuse-link burnout and other things at the level of household electrical appliances. It's gone. The sailors no longer complained.

When using SET-53 from surface carriers, in those days, which had "without exception" rocket launchers (RBU), the possibility of evading a submarine target from a salvo of SET-53 with a passive SSN by stopping the course was countered by a sharp increase in the effectiveness of RBU on low-speed targets. In turn, the evasion of the attack of the RBU ships by the move ensured a significant increase in the effectiveness of SET-53. Those. torpedoes SET-53 and RBU, which had close effective ranges of application, reliably complemented each other on the ships of the first post-war generation of the Navy.


This is definitely positive.

However, there are also problematic issues.

First. Low noise immunity of passive SSN in real combat conditions.

This problem was identified during the Second World War ("Foxers" and other SGPD). The Germans began to solve it immediately and systematically, but we didn’t seem to see it.

For example, at the Pacific Fleet, the first shooting of SET-53 under the conditions of the MG-14 Anabar self-propelled jamming device (with a mechanical noise emitter) was carried out only in ... 1975. At the same time, the SGPD device honestly and in full compliance with the performance characteristics (incl. including torpedoes SET-53) "dragged" both torpedoes of the salvo behind him.

Second - search depth.

The only factor in ensuring the noise immunity of the SET-53 torpedo salvo was the "Ds" installation (the distance of the CCH activation) - "firing for interference".

The problem was that when the CLO was turned on near the target (when shooting "for interference"), its field of view was a "cone" into which the target still needed to "hit", and the target maneuver in depth (especially to the surface) practically guaranteed evasion. In our case, the search depth spindle was rigidly set to limit the bottom of the torpedo, i.e. we could not effectively account for hydrology and target depth maneuvering ability.

The third - firing depth.

The SET-53 torpedo had a caliber of 534 mm and a maximum travel depth of 200 m (targets hit). The firing depth was determined by the capabilities of our submarine's torpedo tubes firing systems. The problem was that the vast majority of submarines of the Navy (projects 613 and 611) had a firing system with a depth limit of up to 30 m (GS-30) according to the project, their modernization for GS-56 (with a firing depth of up to 70 m) was already in the 60-70s. (and did not cover all SPs). Submarines built in the 60s had a firing depth of 100 m (diesel submarines of projects 633, 641) and 200 m (second-generation nuclear submarines). Those. even for submarines of projects 633 and 641, the firing depth was in many cases much less than the submarine's immersion depth in the campaign and required, with target detection, to perform a maneuver to reach the firing depth.

For diesel-electric submarines with GS-30, the problem was simply critical, since this maneuver not only took a lot of time, but in a number of cases was very sub-optimal in terms of hydrology, leading either to the loss of contact with the target or the loss of stealth of our submarine.

For comparison: faced with the problem of shallow depth of fire for the "extras" of its submarines during the Second World War, the US Navy created electric torpedoes of 483 mm caliber, which provided self-exit from the 53-cm torpedo tubes of all submarines of "self-defense torpedoes" (originally - Mk27) ... When creating the "same age" SET-53, the mass universal torpedo Mk37, the US Navy retained the 483 mm caliber precisely because of the logic of providing deep firing without restrictions from all 53-cm TA of all US Navy submarines. We, having our own, and significant, experience of using 45-cm torpedoes from a TA of 53 cm caliber in the 30s and during the Great Patriotic War, managed to safely forget it.

Fourth... Significant weight and size characteristics and, accordingly, limited ammunition on the carriers.

The weight of the SET-53 torpedo (depending on the modification) was about 1400 kg, the length was 7800 mm.

For comparison: the mass of its American rival Mk37 is 650 kg (and the weight of the explosives in the warhead is 150 kg, more than on the SET-53), the length is 3520 mm, i.e. twice smaller.


Obviously, the significant weight and size characteristics of the SET-53 torpedo limited the anti-submarine ammunition of the carriers.

For example, the SKR project 159A, in addition to RBU, had two five-tube torpedo tubes for 40-cm small torpedoes SET-40 (the performance characteristics of which were formally superior to SET-53), and the SKR project 159AE had only one three-tube torpedo tube for the 53-cm SET-53ME. At the same time, the SET-40 torpedoes had a number of serious problems with both reliability and the ability to operate the CLS in difficult conditions. Therefore, from the point of view of real combat effectiveness, it cannot be said that the TFR of the 159AE project had a significant superiority over the 159A project (formally exceeding it in the number of torpedoes by more than three times).

The fifth. Non-versatility of torpedoes in terms of targets (only submerged submarines can be defeated).

The SET-53 torpedo was created on the basis of the German reserve for anti-ship torpedoes and had every opportunity to become the first universal torpedo in the Navy. Alas, all the available technical capabilities for this were sacrificed to the formal implementation of the tactical and technical assignment (TTZ), in which the depth of target destruction was set at 20-200 m.Above (closer to the surface) 20 m, SET-53 would not have allowed its devices control (bellows-pendulum device), even if its CLO saw and held the target in the capture there ...

Yes, the 92-kilogram mass of BZO SET-53 explosives was too small to sink surface targets, but self-defense against enemy ships is better than nothing. Moreover, the small-sized self-defense torpedo MGT-53 (1 kg) had a mass of BZO explosives close to SET-80.

Our torpedo theorists did not think about the fact that a submarine target could jump out to the surface (and even more so about hitting surface targets) when evading. As a result, for example, the K-129 diesel-electric submarine went on its last campaign in 1968, having four SET-53 anti-submarine torpedoes and two oxygen 53-56 torpedoes with nuclear warheads in ammunition. That is, the strategic carriers of the Navy went into combat service without a single non-nuclear anti-ship torpedo for self-defense.

The missed anti-ship capabilities of SET-53 are a mistake that is worse than a crime, and the leadership of the "torpedo bodies" of the Navy, and the specialists of NIMTI.


Results and conclusions


The SET-53 torpedo, created on the basis of the Second World War, turned out to be, of course, a successful example of domestic torpedo weapons.

Its strengths are very high technical reliability and reliability in targeting within its performance characteristics. The torpedo had significant success not only in the USSR Navy (it was operated until the second half of the 80s, the last with it was the Baltic Fleet), but also in the navies of foreign states, where it is still in operation.

At the same time, the torpedo had insufficient performance characteristics (significantly lower than its American counterparts, but at the level of the English "peer" Mk20), and most importantly, a number of significant shortcomings (primarily non-versatility in terms of targets) that could be easily eliminated during modernization. Unfortunately, the high reliability and efficiency for combat training of SET-53 overshadowed real problems for specialists and the command of the USSR Navy that would inevitably arise during its combat use (primarily noise immunity).

Sources:

Bozin L.M. Essays on torpedo life.
Gusev R.A. This is torpedo life.
Korshunov Yu.L., Strokov A.A. Torpedoes of the USSR Navy. 1994 year


The author expresses gratitude to the retired captain of the 1st rank Bozin Larion Mikhailovich and the retired captain of the 2nd rank Nikolai Vladimirovich Chernyshev, the captain-director of the PL S-189 museum www.s-189.ru.
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  1. +2
    7 September 2020 18: 08
    Thank. A very long article, a lot of terminology, incomprehensible to a layman, but interesting)))
    1. +13
      7 September 2020 18: 42
      The text provides a decoding of each term when it is used for the first time, but if something is not clear, write in the comments.
      1. +3
        7 September 2020 19: 03
        Writing. An article about Poland, a photo about Australia. What's the trick?
        1. 0
          3 October 2020 12: 02
          Quote: Undecim
          An article about Poland,

          monsieur tro-lo-lo, article about SET-53
        2. -1
          6 October 2020 17: 02
          Quote: Undecim
          An article about Poland, a photo about Australia. What's the trick?

          apparently that YOU are pretty thump lol
          article about SET-53
          don't like the photo from Australia? for some reason there is no YOUR usual squeal about the photo from MK37 (after all, "the torpedo is American, and the photo is Polish")
      2. +4
        8 September 2020 08: 07
        Quote: timokhin-aa
        The text provides a decoding of each term when it is used for the first time, but if something is not clear, write in the comments.


        The article is similar to an anecdote about gopniks who met Wasserman in the gateway and suddenly received a higher education for themselves.
        Thank you author!
  2. +8
    7 September 2020 18: 50
    Poland, of course, has "modern NATO torpedoes" - the "latest and greatest" small-sized MU90 torpedoes. It seems to be there ... because the Poles shoot them only as torpedo shells.
    I have no reason to doubt the competence of the author, but the photo of the "blank" shooting has nothing to do with Poland. These are operational tests of the modernized torpedo Eurotorp MU90 of the Australian Navy back in 2012.
    1. +6
      7 September 2020 18: 53
      By the way, they fired not only with blanks.

      Can the author himself explain this passage?
      1. +5
        7 September 2020 19: 01
        The Polish Navy is also armed with the ancient Swedish-Danish-Norwegian torpedo Tr613, whose roots go back to 1961. Almost the same age as SET-53.
      2. +5
        7 September 2020 20: 19
        Poles have them too







        Regarding Australia and MU90 in general:

        A certain “anomaly” with low firing statistics among Western torpedoes is the MU90 mini torpedo of the EuroTorp consortium (Italy, France).
        During the tests (sea qualification tests from the middle of 1994 until July 1996 - 100 launches, 1997 – 2001 still 50 launches) and during combat training (shooting mainly mock-ups).
        When studying the issue (according to the materials of the Western media) “it suddenly turns out” that at the official “beginning of deliveries from 2001” in the French Navy, the torpedo was adopted only in 2008. Numerous MU90 photo shoots on the Internet actually, in most cases, turn out to be torpedo fired shots.
        Even more interesting details were contained in the documents on the Australian torpedo tender. Formally, in terms of performance characteristics, MU90 is “the best small-sized torpedo in the world” and significantly exceeds the American rival Mk54.
        However, the position of the supporters of the Mk54 was - before believing in the characteristics of MU90 (and “reports on the shooting of other fleets without translation to English”) to conduct test shooting. With their fulfillment, it turned out that not everything in MU90 is as good as “advertising promises”.
        However, the most important argument in favor of the version of the existence of a number of problems for MU90 is the termination of the activities of the EuroTorp consortium and the independent development of MU90 (new modification) Black Arrow by WASS already with a lithium-polymer battery, which provides large shooting statistics. Probably a number of problems MU90 forced to take such a step (at the cost of significantly reducing the performance characteristics).


        https://topwar.ru/75895-ob-oblike-sovremennyh-torped-podvodnyh-lodok.html
        1. The comment was deleted.
          1. 0
            7 September 2020 21: 03
            But this is the same torpedo dolt without a CLO, what's the difference - with a ring or not?
            By the way, they twist the rum in vain, the Australians turned out to be smarter in this matter and did not twist it. laughing

            Not to the author. Neither you, such zeher not to face. You are not a propagandist Kharaluzhny.


            It was just a thick hint of how many problems there were with the MU90.
            1. +1
              7 September 2020 21: 27
              It could have been written that there were problems with the fine-tuning, because everyone who has this torpedo in service, at first, generally only fired torpedo shells.
              1. 0
                7 September 2020 21: 29
                Some people may still be shooting. It is absolutely certain that only the development of Australian torpedoes is known.
                1. +1
                  7 September 2020 21: 36
                  The Italians and French carried out combat launches in 2015.
                  1. 0
                    7 September 2020 21: 37
                    This in itself does not mean anything.
                    1. +1
                      7 September 2020 21: 41
                      Perhaps, however, the FREMM class is equipped with them. Are at least two countries equipping their newest ships with incapacitated weapons? So you can take them with your bare hands.
                      1. 0
                        7 September 2020 21: 43
                        I repeat - it is impossible to say for sure. Exactly - only Australians. With torpedoes, a lot of nuances may not be missiles. The same Italians, for some reason, returned the 53 cm caliber to the ships. Well, there are, apparently, specific reasons, but they would have had them if it were not for questions about 90?
                      2. +2
                        7 September 2020 21: 52
                        MU90 / IMPACT is boldly promoted by Leonardo. Why does such a well-known firm need reputational losses associated with the offer of low-quality weapons that have problems?
                      3. +2
                        8 September 2020 15: 52
                        It's like you were born yesterday. What do you mean why? For money. Do you think degenerates only buy weapons from us? Not.
                        We made a torpedo, similar to a real one, drove it in simple conditions - everything works, and beat off the grandmother by running.
                        And buyers are in fact managers in uniform. They are aside, as it is there, no one is going to cut to death tomorrow over the South China Sea.

                        But they ran into the antipodes and they gave them as they should.

                        In the world, other than the Anglo-Saxons, Japanese and Germans, few nations generally take submarine warfare seriously. And those listed have historical experience. And he crushes.

                        Only the Turks stand apart, but Turkey is the Japanese Empire of the XNUMXst century, they are on the rise now, and everything is understandable with them. Again, the first torpedo attack from under the water EMNIP was behind them.
                      4. +1
                        3 October 2020 12: 00
                        Quote: Undecim
                        MU90 / IMPACT is boldly promoted by Leonardo. Why does such a well-known firm need reputational losses associated with the offer of low-quality weapons that have problems?

                        Monsieur, but nothing that INSTEAD OF MU90 they make ANOTHER product?
                        despite the fact that 244 are still being produced!
                      5. 0
                        6 October 2020 17: 12
                        Quote: Undecim
                        MU90 / IMPACT Leonardo bravely promotes

                        1. A very serious (such that the revision of the old software only is impossible) was carried out the amount of revision of the torpedo
                        2. "bobby" EUROTORP, which promoted 90, "dead"
                        3. WASS develops a NEW PRODUCT, with a fundamentally different design
                        4.Still in the series A244
                        etc.
                      6. +1
                        7 September 2020 22: 12
                        Quote: timokhin-aa
                        Exactly - only Australians.


                        THE MU90 LIGHT TORPEDO ENTHUSIASTICALLY ENDORSED BY THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY
                        15.01.2014


                        .....

                        Two new Navies also acquired the MU90 in 2013, which now brings to 8 the number of Navies equipped with this system worldwide.

                        https://www.naval-group.com/en/news/the-mu90-light-torpedo-enthusiastically-endorsed-by-the-royal-australian-navy/
                      7. 0
                        8 September 2020 15: 41
                        And what follows from this? That all these fleets fired hundreds of shots in practical and a certain amount in combat variants, received statistics of failures, checked the operation of the CLS torpedoes on all available types of hydroacoustic counteraction systems, worked out the use of targets at different depths and in different conditions? And then they eliminated all the identified shortcomings, made sure that they were no longer there, and after that they gladly accepted the torpedo into service? No, only the Ozzy did it. For everyone else, it will work "optional" - as it goes.
                      8. -1
                        8 September 2020 16: 37
                        What are you ... a torpedo is it like that. If Italians, French, Australians shoot it, then it works and is adopted. And if the Germans, Poles, Danes, it refuses to work)

                        The Danes have it too .. it works ..

                        As soon as the Danish Defense Acquisition and Logistics Organization (DALO) had completed fitting out the military systems on board the command and support ship ABSALON, the first operational exercises were ready to be successfully conducted.
                        The following day, Saturday August 18, the vessel test-fired in Sejerø Bugt her MU-90 anti-submarine torpedoes for the first time, which for the purposes of the exercise are referred to as Practice Delivery Torpedo (PDT)


                        http://www.navalhistory.dk/English/NavyNews/2007/0821_FistMU90Shot.htm
                      9. +1
                        3 October 2020 11: 59
                        Quote: Liam
                        The Danes have it too .. it works ..

                        1. In what conditions
                        2. What year of release

                        see the materials of the "Australian tender", there is a lot of "tasty" and scandalous about MU90
                      10. 0
                        6 October 2020 17: 16
                        Quote: Liam
                        THE MU90 LIGHT TORPEDO ENTHUSIASTICALLY ENDORSED BY THE ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY
                        15.01.2014

                        Monsieur, YOU "blaze" that YOU are so SELECTED pulling quotes?
                        about troubles from the 90th and acc. do you want to quote a scandal?
                      11. 0
                        6 October 2020 17: 10
                        Quote: Undecim
                        Perhaps, however, the FREMM class is equipped with them. Are at least two countries equipping their newest ships? incapacitated weapon? So you can take them with your bare hands.

                        YOU their wet and crazy fantasies do not attribute to others.
                        About "non-combat ability" only YOU flog nonsense here
                  2. 0
                    3 October 2020 12: 01
                    Quote: Undecim
                    The Italians and French carried out combat launches in 2015.

                    1. How much?
                    2. Under what conditions?
                    3. YOU don't confuse combat with practical?
                    4. What year of torpedoes?
                    etc.
              2. -1
                6 October 2020 17: 08
                Quote: Undecim
                It could have been written that there were problems with the fine-tuning, because everyone who has this torpedo in service, at first, generally only fired torpedo shells.

                fool
                YOU generally realize what kind of Achinea you have written now?!?! lol
          2. +1
            8 September 2020 15: 54
            From the author:

            1. In the caption of the photo of the MU90 shot, the author did not mention anything about "state ownership". Just a good angle. The "cheating" pump is YOUR personal PUMP
            For there are "purely Polish" photos with a MU90 disc with an eyelet, and there are many, but not the most successful angle.
            However, the "facts" of the use of torpedo bombers (instead of the MU90 torpedoes) of the Polish Navy are precisely the facts that, incl. photo confirmation

            2. At the beginning of 2010, the MU90 had serious problems when firing in difficult conditions. After (including the "Australian torpedo scandal") they were eliminated

            3. A separate issue is the possibility and restrictions on the revision of torpedoes produced in 2000x

            4. With regard to "licking" YOU LABEL "Leonardo", then only "effective managers" could go to such a "rebranding" when instead of BRAND "Whitehead" (!) Appears LABEL "Leonardo". And the scale of how you need to push yourself to create SUCH, specifically hints that "Leonardo" did not do "one advertisement" (the same is indicated by the disruption of the deadlines for a new torpedo to replace the MU90).

            5. YOUR thesis that "the Italians shot in 2015." just SMESHON, because the normal statistics of shooting from amers is under a thousand shots (and drops) annually.
            The French, when testing new frigates, by the way, fired BOLVANTS
            1. +4
              8 September 2020 19: 06
              Auto RU.
              First, thank you for your answer.
              Secondly, you shouldn't get so excited.
              Thirdly - usually, if they write about a specific country, then the photos are used from the same country.
              Fourthly, shooting with practical torpedoes is a common practice. Therefore, your excitement around this issue is incomprehensible.
              Fifthly, I did not lick anything, filter the bazaar, using your language. Your exclamations about the Whitehead label seem somewhat ambiguous, since no one has carried out any rebranding and Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei is still successfully releasing its A244 torpedo.
              If the information about the launches of torpedoes by the countries that have them in service makes you laugh, these are your personal problems. Obviously, European countries look at the issue of combat training somewhat differently from the "amers", since only 90 pieces of MU1000 torpedoes were manufactured.
              If you have reliable information that the MU90 torpedo is, as of today, incapable of combat, share the source.
              If it is "incapable of combat in your opinion" - this is a question of a slightly different plan.
              Thanks again for your attention.
              1. 0
                9 September 2020 20: 08
                Fourthly, shooting with practical torpedoes is a common practice.


                Do not confuse a torpedo and a practical torpedo. A practical torpedo, this is the same combat one in which, instead of a combat charging compartment, a practical one with recorders and various signaling devices, such as a snitch and signal flares, is installed.

                A practical torpedo has a CLS, it is aimed at the target, and its recorders record the fact of guidance and much more, these records are then analyzed.

                And here, in fact, MMG with an engine.

                Although I am not the author, I could not pass by.
                1. +2
                  9 September 2020 20: 14
                  Since they did not pass by, then the question is - where did you or the author get the complete information about all the training launches of these torpedoes and the fact that in all cases there was just a torpedo shell?
                  Just don’t talk about "Nondisclosure subscription for many more years."
                  1. +1
                    9 September 2020 20: 21
                    Where did you or the author get complete information about all the training launches of these torpedoes and the fact that in all cases there was just a torpedo shell?


                    So from the news. Look, your friend does not stop throwing links, then the Danes shot several torpedoes, then someone else. Well, from the number of starts it is immediately clear whether the system is working normally or not.

                    For the Americans, in order for the Mk48 to get into ammunition, it is shot in a practical version five times. It happened that it was smaller, of course, but in any case not one - EVERY torpedo goes through it.

                    Now compare these numbers with those links that your friend in misfortune is dragging here.

                    I have already written to you the correct wording - THERE IS NO REASON TO CONSIDER that someone other than the Australians finished this torpedo to a working condition. Not "I read NATO secret documents", but see highlighted text.
                    1. +2
                      9 September 2020 20: 23
                      You are slightly "evading" the answer. The news covers all launches and indicates whether there was a practical torpedo or a blank? And how many launches have you counted?
                      1. -1
                        3 October 2020 11: 54
                        Quote: Undecim
                        You are slightly "evading" the answer. The news covers all launches and indicates whether there was a practical torpedo or a blank? And how many launches have you counted?

                        YOU will hold your tro-lo-lo
                        troubles with MU90 - FACT
                        yes "seemingly resolved" (see the Australian docks, despite the fact that they ended up buying MK54, which are sharply losing to MU90 in terms of performance characteristics), but EUROTORP fell apart
                        psheki really MU90 shot BOLS
                        photo confirmations are available
                      2. +2
                        4 October 2020 17: 45
                        YOU will hold your tro-lo-lo
                        Good advice, try to follow it and stick with your trololo. If you have information and knowledge, share it normally, as a specialist. Everyone will be only happy to communicate with an informed and qualified person, this is a rarity on the site today. But do not rush to people, they are not to blame for your problems, monsieur.
                      3. +1
                        4 October 2020 17: 55
                        The Persian has a silly theory that every country that buys a torpedo has to repeat the full test cycle of thousands of launches each time.
                      4. +2
                        4 October 2020 17: 58
                        I do not know. he is a truly informed and expert person. But he has some kind of hypertrophied CHSV and accepts only stormy applause addressed to him. Any question causes hysteria. Why then be printed on the VO website?
                      5. +1
                        4 October 2020 18: 03
                        Against the background of local naval "experts" a la AiCh, an expert of course. But with a careful analysis of stocks, he also has a lot.
                      6. -2
                        5 October 2020 13: 03
                        Quote: Liam
                        But with a careful analysis of the jambs, there are a lot

                        Well, Eksperd Liam, bring them wink
                        ZHDEMS
                        Or are you only able to blow bubbles in a puddle? lol
                      7. -3
                        5 October 2020 13: 01
                        Quote: Undecim
                        But it has some kind of hypertrophied CHSV

                        Monsieur, YOU stumble into YOUR posts?
                        Quote: Undecim
                        accepts only stormy applause addressed to him

                        I have a normal attitude towards criticism
                        but the individuals "who have forgotten the emergency wedge for a blazing dupa" (like YOU), yes, they get their
                      8. -2
                        5 October 2020 12: 59
                        Quote: Liam
                        stupid theory that every country buying a torpedo must repeat the full test cycle of thousands of launches each time.

                        clown, you first read how many of these tests were "before" (including "their details" in Italian), and then - what happened to MU90 after she started shooting at the "American councils" belay
                      9. -2
                        5 October 2020 12: 57
                        Quote: Undecim
                        But don't rush to people

                        Monsieur YOU are watching your BAZAAR
                        or YOU in YOUR posts to stick?
                        Quote: Undecim
                        they are not to blame for your problems

                        from YOUR posts (and "undermining the bottom") it is obvious that YOU have problems
                      10. +2
                        5 October 2020 13: 17
                        Instead of pretending to be in front of me, you would rather write a normal article.
                        Otherwise, the site has already slipped to the authors, whose infrared seeker cannot be used at night.
                        I consider attempts to conflict with me counterproductive. You are wasting your time and energy.
                        And the fact that you read my comments, I am pleased.
                      11. -3
                        5 October 2020 17: 39
                        Quote: Undecim
                        Otherwise already

                        you swim shallow

                        PM
                      12. +1
                        5 October 2020 17: 51
                        Rudeness is a sign of an inferiority complex. But this is fixable. The main thing is desire and find a good therapist.
                      13. 0
                        5 October 2020 19: 24
                        Quote: Undecim
                        Rudeness is a sign

                        I don't care about YOUR "opinion"
                        as for "rudeness" - it is better than "ROT" (like YOU)
                      14. +1
                        5 October 2020 20: 10
                        If "do not care", then you would not sprinkle saliva and feces. Then everything is correct.
                        Adios, ofendido.
                      15. -1
                        6 October 2020 11: 08
                        Quote: Undecim
                        If

                        ROT don't serve
                        YOUR path is there
                      16. 0
                        6 October 2020 11: 18
                        You are more careful with alcohol, otherwise it will not seem so. In the morning on a glass?
                        Well, they kicked you out of the fleet with a kick in the ass, so there was a reason. This is not a reason to die of cirrhosis.
                      17. -2
                        6 October 2020 16: 42
                        Quote: Undecim
                        Well they kicked you out of the fleet

                        woo like u mongrel blazes lol
                        YOU please continue laughing maybe I find out something else about myself (so to speak "new and unknown to me" laughing )
                      18. -1
                        6 October 2020 17: 17
                        Quote: Undecim
                        The news covers all launches and indicates whether there was a practical torpedo or a blank?

                        lol
                        You just BRESET
              2. -1
                3 October 2020 11: 57
                Quote: Undecim
                I didn’t lick anything, filter the bazaar,

                just licked, and "filter" YOU
                Quote: Undecim
                If the information about the launches of torpedoes by the countries that have them in service makes you laugh, these are your personal problems. Obviously, European countries look at the issue of combat training somewhat differently from the "amers", since only 90 pieces of MU1000 torpedoes were manufactured.
                If you have reliable information that the MU90 torpedo is, as of today, incapable of combat, share the source.

                Monsieur, YOU do not confuse your personal problems with real materiel.
                And the sources for the MU90 were named, and there was also the "impossibility of revision" (only by replacing the software) of previously released torpedoes (EMNIP until 2010)
              3. -1
                6 October 2020 17: 16
                Quote: Undecim
                If you have reliable information that the MU90 torpedo is, as of today, incapable of combat, share the source.

                this is YOUR personal PUMP
                so with this - to the doctor
      3. -2
        6 October 2020 17: 07
        Quote: Undecim
        By the way, they fired not only with blanks.

        Can the author himself explain this passage?

        I explain - I am not a doctor (which YOU really need)
        and NOT FIRE WITH A FIRE EXTINGUISHER (for YOUR blazing "fillet")

        Shl i.e. the difference between BOLVANKA and TORPEDA bukharik and a blazing "dupa" Undecim still knows ... however continues to talk nonsense wassat
    2. 0
      6 October 2020 17: 04
      Quote: Undecim
      These are operational tests of the modernized torpedo Eurotorp MU90 of the Australian Navy back in 2012.

      fool
      Monsieur have YOU with vision? lol
      YOU RIM ON THE FACE see?!?!
      in what "place" is YOUR ACHINEA wassat about "operational tests of the modernized torpedo" lol
  3. +11
    7 September 2020 19: 00
    That a submarine target can jump out to the surface when evading

    This is called "dolphin leap" or "dolphin leap". An effective tactical technique against obsolete torpedoes ...
    Thanks a lot! You reminded me of my youth! I have a mine-torpedo VUS, a Marshal Shaposhnikov APC, a SET-65 and 53-65K torpedoes - "our everything"! We still use this firing spindle input! The 53-65K torpedo has a serious "jamb": at a target speed of less than 8 knots, according to the Mine Service Rules, it should be used as a straight-ahead, and not as a homing one, because at a target speed of less than 8 knots an effective wake is not formed sufficient for its vertical location. As if the enemy cannot change the mode of movement ... Will I live to see the moment when in the torpedo tubes of the same Marshal Shaposhnikov there will be something that even remotely resembles Mk.48?
    1. +5
      7 September 2020 21: 07
      Shapka and Co. should have M-15 anti-torpedoes and MTT torpedoes from "Packet".
      And normal human 32-cm torpedo tubes instead of the SM-588 packet obscenities.
      Then it will be the case.

      And this is a purely organizational issue. A kick is needed and no more.
  4. +2
    7 September 2020 19: 09
    Thank you for the article. Very informative.
  5. +2
    7 September 2020 19: 14
    Thanks to the author, it is always interesting to read articles with details and signed photos, although the topic is not at all simple for my understanding)
  6. +2
    7 September 2020 19: 28
    Conclusion: this torpedo has long been out of date. The navy lags far behind the enemy, and what has been done after the Kursk submarine was lost?
  7. +7
    7 September 2020 19: 30
    While Klimov writes simply about the fleet, reading is interesting and informative.
    As soon as it begins to carry the scorching truth, it becomes boring.
    But all the same, the author is an order of magnitude more interesting than the copy-paste of the Wikipedia Skomorokhov.
  8. +3
    7 September 2020 20: 10
    "The reliability of guidance (within their performance characteristics)" - an interesting formulation. This torpedo is rubbish. Even in the conditions of 70-80 years. there was a serious advantage of the western samples (especially if we take into account the advantage over the western GAS). Now talking about these torpedoes is not at all serious.
    1. +1
      7 September 2020 21: 04
      Yes, but it wasn't made in the 70s
      1. +6
        7 September 2020 23: 26
        I can't say anything concrete about the SET-53 torpedo, I had nothing to do with it, but I studied the SET-65 torpedo (together with the "Buzzer" command and control system) quite well at one time. What can I say ... for its time it was quite a bearable torpedo. Now I will not stoop to the level of citing her performance characteristics from Wikipedia, I will confine myself to what is not in Wikipedia. The probability of target acquisition by the Sapfir SSN in the absence of hydroacoustic counteraction is 0,8. That is, for a "guaranteed" target capture, it is necessary to carry out a two-torpedo salvo, this is directly prescribed by the above-mentioned "Mine Suluzhba Rules". And in "quotes" because in conditions of a hydrological situation different from the calculated one, the probability of a successful target acquisition is significantly reduced. Add to this the almost 100% probability that the attacked target will use hydroacoustic countermeasures for its defense ... As far as I remember (25 years ago!), There was no logical block for the selection of false targets in the CCH scheme. It is possible that he could appear much later ... but what algorithms can he have if there is no computer in the CLS? So, any imitator of a submarine could take this torpedo behind him ... The only acceptable way of shooting in this case is to shoot "through the GPE", with a delay in turning on the CLO equipment, but for this you need to know the distance to the "lure", which means you have to use active GAS tract ... with all the ensuing consequences. And the response radius of "Saphira" in "laboratory conditions" is about 800 meters. But these conditions in the sea still need to be looked for ... By the way, SET-65 is still in service. Although, when I was still studying, the officers told us that it was already "outdated" ... Such things.
    2. +1
      3 October 2020 11: 51
      Quote: Krabong
      "The reliability of guidance (within their performance characteristics)" - an interesting formulation

      see shitty statistics on it TV
      we have all brought it to a very high level of reliability

      Quote: Krabong
      Now talking about these torpedoes is not at all serious.

      don't say and don't read
      do not torture yourself
  9. +5
    7 September 2020 20: 21
    As if I had listened to a lecture at my own "torpedo faculty", PF LKI. Using this torpedo as an example, we were taught maintenance control systems in the 70s. And the "heading device and gyroscopes" is generally a familiar topic crying

    It should be understood that in those years the USSR, (NII "Gidropribor", etc.) CATCHED up the adversaries, based on the experience of the Germans and the Yankees.
  10. +6
    7 September 2020 20: 25
    Here is the article! That's what I understand! ... The man tried his best. hi
    Honestly, I don’t understand anything about torpedoes, but it was very interesting.
    By the way, in our city there previously existed (in the old / good times) a certain, not particularly noisy factory. Under the modest name "Gidropribor". But what he released, no one to this day, really knows ... But there is a feeling that perhaps he had a hand in such devices.
    1. +5
      7 September 2020 21: 05
      Attached and how.
      1. +1
        7 September 2020 22: 55
        If I am not mistaken Gidropribor had a test base near the Pitsunda Resort. And the work there went on extremely intensively during the Soviet era. Until the collapse.
        1. 0
          27 October 2020 20: 22
          Nice place with a gorgeous beach. Now there is "Pine Grove" nearby.
          1. 0
            27 October 2020 20: 25
            Yeah, the beach is great there. And on the piers of the docks, mussels and oysters are in abundance.
    2. 0
      8 September 2020 12: 14
      Uralsk, Western Kazakhstan?
  11. +2
    7 September 2020 21: 23
    Torpedoes were scattered around the city where I lived. We tried to disassemble them as children.
    1. +2
      7 September 2020 23: 48
      "Men, these are accidentally surviving boys" lol hi
  12. +2
    8 September 2020 00: 27
    Thanks to the author for an interesting article.
    I did not find the rarity in question.
    I look forward to continuing (about more "fresh" samples).
  13. -1
    8 September 2020 00: 34
    shoot with Soviet torpedoes because they are cheaper) do not merge them during exercises)
    1. +3
      8 September 2020 15: 45
      Torpedoes are fired in a practical way, then they are picked up and re-prepared. Nobody drains them.
  14. 0
    8 September 2020 02: 12
    The author wrote an interesting article. We are also waiting for other types of torpedoes. especially interesting about jet.
    1. +1
      8 September 2020 15: 46
      If you are talking about Shkval, then the author did not like this torpedo much and by hook or by crook tried to throw it out of his boat. And he even threw it out.
      1. The comment was deleted.
      2. 0
        8 September 2020 21: 53
        If you are talking about Shkval, then the author did not like this torpedo much and by hook or by crook tried to throw it out of his boat. And he even threw it out.

        It is all the more interesting to read why!
        1. +2
          9 September 2020 20: 04
          Uncontrollable, works only at "pistol" distances, cavitation is possible only in the near-surface layers of water, that is, it went a little to a depth and this thing turns into a blank, occupies a place on which, for example, a PLUR can be found.

          A useless thing, in fact, which limits the ammunition load of useful items.

          Considering how she unmasks the boat when shooting, it is more likely even harmful
  15. Aag
    +2
    8 September 2020 07: 47
    Thanks to the author for the article. Far from the topic (me), but, as always interesting.
    And what is remarkable, - Maxim does not leave a place "in the clearing" for populist commentators, both from the camp of the hat-takers, and all the scattered ones ...
  16. 0
    8 September 2020 13: 44
    Tnz. technology nadezhnost etoy torpedi, eto fakticheski ey primitivnost.
  17. 0
    April 26 2022 00: 10
    why is Klimov in the authors of the article, but throws it on Timokhin's page ????

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