In the Indian press: Russia defeated all its competitors by creating the Sputnik V vaccine

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In the Indian press: Russia defeated all its competitors by creating the Sputnik V vaccine

Foreign media continue to actively comment on the appearance in Russia of the world's first coronavirus vaccine. Western publications said that the Russian vaccine against COVID-19, called Sputnik V, is "stronger than a Molotov cocktail." By this comparison, Western authors are trying to declare that the effect of the Russian vaccine can allegedly be destructive. Such statements are another manifestation of attempts at unfair competition.

However, a number of foreign publications speak out about the Russian vaccine without trying to somehow belittle its real significance for the world health care system.



For example, the Indian newspaper The Tribune writes that Russian scientists have outstripped scientists from many other countries of the world by creating their own vaccine against a disease that has affected tens of millions of people around the world.

From the material:

Russia came as a surprise Tuesday by announcing the world's first COVID-19 vaccine. She defeated all her competitors in this kind of development. Serial production is scheduled for October. At the same time, foreign countries have already ordered 500 million doses of the Sputnik V vaccine.

At the same time, the Indian media note that the country, in cooperation with British scientists, is creating its own vaccine. The phrase looks interesting in this regard:

Perhaps this vaccine will be better.

And then the words are added that India could purchase a batch of Russian vaccine with its subsequent verification for its effectiveness domestically.

Meanwhile, in Russia, they named the approximate price for a double dose of the vaccine against the new coronavirus for foreign buyers. It will start at $ 10. That is, our country can earn several billion dollars on just one initial export of vaccines abroad. It should be noted here that Western vaccines, which if they appear, then much later, will cost significantly more. Experts in the field of medical science are already paying attention to this.
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    1. +19
      13 August 2020 09: 15
      The main thing is the health of the inhabitants of our country.
      And for the rest we are the host.

      Let them compete in sports. Win against each other.
      1. -9
        13 August 2020 09: 23
        The news is good, and the reason for pride is also real, but the III stage of the trial would still be worth completing before comparing with other vaccine makers who carry out this stage as it should be according to the procedure.
        1. -25
          13 August 2020 10: 24
          Quote: military_cat
          but stage III of the trials would still be worth completing before comparing with other vaccine makers who carry out this stage as it should be according to the procedure.

          of course, but the current as with our burning ventilators will turn out
          1. +17
            13 August 2020 10: 43
            Quote: Stirbjorn
            of course, but the current as with our burning ventilators will turn out

            Can you tell me why they suddenly stopped burning? Maybe they started to read the instructions when connecting? During this time, tens of thousands have released ... and continue to use ...
            1. -11
              13 August 2020 11: 03
              - Not. The instruction has nothing to do with it. All ventilators were recalled by the manufacturer.
              1. +10
                13 August 2020 11: 18
                Quote: Katernik
                Not. The instruction has nothing to do with it. All ventilators were recalled by the manufacturer.

                There was already information that as a result of the investigation, no design flaws in these ventilators were revealed
              2. +4
                13 August 2020 16: 52
                Well, what is the result of the review? Maybe they have already returned back? Ever heard how cars are recalled, how phones explode? What percentage of the ventilator caught fire?
                1. 0
                  13 August 2020 23: 48
                  Quote: Victor Sergeev
                  Never heard of recalling cars

                  Not only heard, but also know! Cars don't respond anywhere! It's just that the owners of cars with such WINES ....... RECOMMENDED to contact the service where they will replace the unit that caused the trouble! For those who are serviced by dealers, this happens automatically (albeit very expensive), for the rest it is a "trip" to the dealer! With all that it implies, the time spent, performing work at the level of the baseboard, waiting in line and delaying work for an indefinite period! So it's not surprising that we just put b .... t on this procedure! What if I have something wrong?
            2. -2
              13 August 2020 16: 43
              Quote: Mountain Shooter
              Quote: Stirbjorn
              of course, but the current as with our burning ventilators will turn out

              Can you tell me why they suddenly stopped burning? Maybe they started to read the instructions when connecting? During this time, tens of thousands have released ... and continue to use ...

              Because the task was to fix the jambs. This is "hardware", it can be improved. But after the use of an untested vaccine, when people (including children) become disabled, nothing can be fixed.
        2. +9
          13 August 2020 10: 25
          The news is good, and the reason for pride is also real, but the III stage of the trial would still be worth completing before comparing with other vaccine makers who carry out this stage as it should be according to the procedure.

          You tell this to those who died from the coronavirus - that you still have to wait, and while you are dying, right?
          1. -9
            13 August 2020 10: 56
            There is no need to wait (in risk groups, at least). But it is academically incorrect to announce that they are ahead of the rest of vaccine developers without conducting stage III trials while they are conducting stage III.
            1. +2
              13 August 2020 11: 07
              There is no need to wait (in risk groups, at least). But it is academically incorrect to announce that they are ahead of the rest of vaccine developers without conducting stage III trials while they are conducting stage III.

              Akella missed, Akella missed ..... yes?
            2. +1
              13 August 2020 12: 26
              yes, there will be 3 more stages for several months, here is the correct article about the vaccine:
              https://naked-science.ru/article/medicine/rossijskaya-vaktsina-ot-koronavirusa-opasna-dlya-vvedeniya-ili-eshhe-odna-antivaktsinatorskaya-isteriya
            3. +5
              13 August 2020 18: 24
              Instead of watching the propaganda, you watched the interview of the developer who chewed everything up and stated a 100% guarantee that they would not bring any harm, and she passed all the tests in all respects! And listening and believing more in the nonsense of competitors is more expensive for yourself, these are some stereotypes they say we don’t fucking do not know how to wake up a country flying into space producing the best military equipment, etc. What kind? How many spoiled them 1.? And for what reason? And you seriously think that the government has launched a vaccine that can kill all vaccinated are you in your mind? Where is the logic? If all citizens die who will work, please think and analyze the information received!
          2. +4
            13 August 2020 11: 31
            Quote: lucul
            The news is good, and the reason for pride is also real, but the III stage of the trial would still be worth completing before comparing with other vaccine makers who carry out this stage as it should be according to the procedure.

            Tell this to those who died from the coronavirus - what still has to wait and you are dying for now, right?

            ===
            liberoids will strongly advise to wait for a foreign vaccine, and then buy it for millions
        3. +10
          13 August 2020 11: 08
          Listen to the experts and do not see the delirium and lies of envious people about stage 3.
          1. +1
            13 August 2020 11: 50
            Where to listen to experts? I just looked and did not find a single denial of the fact that the vaccine from the Gamaleya Institute did not pass stage III trials. Even the employees of the institute themselves do not deny this. At the same time, according to the WHO, 6 different covid vaccines are currently undergoing the third stage of testing.
            1. 0
              13 August 2020 14: 46
              Read below my comment on open source information.
          2. 0
            14 August 2020 00: 15
            The opinions of experts were also divided by the developers: "every sandpiper praises his swamp." However, there is also a real argument: the SPUTNIK-V vaccine is the development of the MERS-CoV vaccine, it is based on a human virus, its effect has been well studied, incl. in terms of side effects, therefore, it was decided to vaccinate risk groups immediately, in parallel with the 3 stage of testing.
            Vaccines developed in the West (I suspect that not all, but the most advanced in the process) are made on the basis of the monkey virus, therefore stage 3 of testing is extremely necessary for them. In addition, we have a super-presidential republic, therefore, in this exceptional case (taking into account also the fact that the vaccine had to be developed "yesterday"), it became possible to put the vaccine into production before the completion of stage 3 of the trials, which was not allowed by the control departments of Western countries to their governments.
            At the same time, the so-called. Vaccine testing phases are concepts that refer to international regulations developed by WHO. Therefore, WHO cannot approve and recommend our vaccine for widespread use at this stage, otherwise it will violate its own regulations. Accordingly, the current certification of the vaccine is domestic, which, however, does not prevent its supply abroad.
            However, there is some reason in the words of skeptics: even given the comprehensive study of the parental vaccine, it is very risky to massively apply this vaccine to the most unprotected segments of the population, such as the elderly and children until all stages of testing and international certification are completed.
        4. -3
          13 August 2020 11: 23
          Quote: military_cat
          The news is good, and the reason for pride is also real, but the III stage of the trial would still be worth completing before comparing with other vaccine makers who carry out this stage as it should be according to the procedure.

          Undoubtedly. And I would like to see some kind of press conference at which there would be representatives of the developer, virologists, and not just journalists for whom the concept of a virus and bacteria is one and the same. I would very much like to know what is meant by the concept of efficiency. This is the ability not to get sick upon contact with the pathogen, after vaccination, or it is the ability to produce antibodies and form a humoral immensity. I still hope that the first, well, and logically this is most likely the case
          1. -1
            13 August 2020 14: 52
            Watch and read.
            https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcBB7qtiSq4 ...... на 21 минуте...
            https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/671727.html
            https://thepage.ua/news/johnson-and-johnson-prodast-pravitelstvu-ssha-vakcinu-ot-covid-19-po-cene-dollar10-za-dozu
            Brief comment below.
            1. -4
              13 August 2020 16: 09
              Quote: VO3A
              Watch and read.
              https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcBB7qtiSq4 ...... на 21 минуте...
              https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/671727.html
              https://thepage.ua/news/johnson-and-johnson-prodast-pravitelstvu-ssha-vakcinu-ot-covid-19-po-cene-dollar10-za-dozu
              Brief comment below.

              I looked, but in fact they do not answer the question.
              They say there are virtually no side effects, hinting that the vaccine is safe. But they do not at all talk about whether the vaccine causes cellular or humoral immunity, they do not talk about how things are with this vaccine and ASUI and whether research has been carried out in this direction, if the vaccine still causes only the production of antibodies. I would also like to hear that vaccinated people had close contact with the pathogen and did not get sick after that, but for some reason there are no such answers ?! The vaccine may be safe, but if it only causes sustained production of antibodies and no studies have been carried out on azui and corona, then in the case of vaccination and subsequent exposure to the virus, this vaccination can kill you
        5. +5
          13 August 2020 13: 57
          You cannot read and you cannot listen and think. Here are the main advantages of the Russian vaccine, which must be taken into account and which make it possible not to talk about the 3rd stage of trials, as the main one, although this stage is carried out:
          - the vaccine was created on the basis of 2 already existing Russian vaccines, which
          researched for 6 years. These are the Ebola (Ervebo) vaccines and vaccines
          against MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome)
          syndrome, MERS));
          - the vaccine was created on the basis of a human virus, which is well researched and not
          has side effects, unlike the monkey virus, which was chosen as the basis
          the Anglo-Saxons, which has not been studied and the 3rd stage will last for years;
          - the vaccine, unlike the other 2-vector, contains vector No. 5 and vector No. 26.
          Single-vector vaccines are being developed in other countries and they contain one
          component of 2 of these. For example, in China, a vaccine by a Chinese
          the production of vaccines CanSino Biologics - vector No. 5 (Ad5-nCoV), and in the USA, the company
          Johnson & Johnson Vector # 26 (Ad26.COV2-S). 2 vectors will allow you to create
          more stable immunity. And the presence of such developments is confirmed
          the correctness of the decisions made.
          Russia made a unique vaccine in a short period and has already ordered 1 billion doses from abroad ... And the preliminary price for them, about $ 10, will be significantly lower than for others ...
      2. +11
        13 August 2020 09: 29
        Quote: For example
        The main thing is the health of the inhabitants of our country.
        And for the rest we are the host

        may all be healthy.

        I think that Russia will save the world once again
      3. -1
        13 August 2020 09: 38
        On the rest, you need to mow the loot, whoever is rich will survive, there is no money - take land
        1. +1
          13 August 2020 11: 48
          It is necessary to mow off the enemies and the Belarusians, the Serbs, the Kazakhs at the normal price.
          1. +2
            13 August 2020 14: 09
            Only after they become federal districts, and do not want it themselves, independence is expensive. Why do you want to help everyone for free? Let it at least accept that the countries and citizens of the North Atlantic alliance cannot sell land, at least something will be besides empty chatter
      4. -24
        13 August 2020 10: 03
        Information for consideration:
        1. The virus began in Wuhan where there is an experimental laboratory, or rather a whole research institute.
        2. The Chinese nailed him in 2 months, but in the rest of the world he rages.
        3. Maybe they themselves created this virus and they had a vaccine (developments) too quickly they got used to it.
        4. China could share its vaccine (know-how) with Russia.
        One way or another, all this is suspicious, but it does not detract from the feat of our virologists.
        1. +5
          13 August 2020 10: 13
          Quote: Civil
          The Chinese nailed it in 2 months, but in the rest of the world it rages.

          why such confidence?
          1. -16
            13 August 2020 10: 27
            Quote: Vasilenko Vladimir
            Quote: Civil
            The Chinese nailed it in 2 months, but in the rest of the world it rages.

            why such confidence?

            this is within the framework of this theory, and so there is no certainty ... we are over there, the coronavirus has been pinned down, and community-acquired pneumonia is raging ...
        2. +10
          13 August 2020 10: 33
          Quote: Civil
          Information for consideration:
          ... China could share its vaccine (know-how) with Russia.
          ...all this is suspiciousBut does not detract from the feat our virological scientists.

          How does it all coexist in your head at the same time ?! How?
          1. -1
            13 August 2020 10: 51
            Quote: Shuttle
            Quote: Civil
            Information for consideration:
            ... China could share its vaccine (know-how) with Russia.
            ...all this is suspiciousBut does not detract from the feat our virological scientists.

            How does it all coexist in your head at the same time ?! How?

            1. China really does share information on the coronavirus, it's no secret, another question is to what extent and depending on whom.
            2. This is just my theory, not even an opinion.
            3. You look at the salaries of the employees of the Vector and the Institute. Gamaleya, especially compared to their counterparts in the PRC and all kinds of gayropes with the states. This is a feat without talking.
        3. +4
          13 August 2020 10: 34
          Again, Vadim, you cast a shadow over the fence. The Wuhan Institute of Virology maintains close contacts with the University of Texas (a large number of joint projects). The Chinese, in comparison with other peoples (probably only the DPRK is similar), are law-abiding from the word at all. Also with high efficiency. It is said to sit. at home and wearing masks, all the polls (no one blinked about freedom and human rights violations). The state poured in no measure of money, brought in an army, blocked the infection zone. How much hospital was built and equipped, do not remind? Based on your "reflections" the virus , the "product" of the Chinese. Then the question in YOU is how to quickly create a vaccine, having the initial strain of the virus or not. Do not watch Vadim REN-TV, they say it is harmful to health))))))
          1. -10
            13 August 2020 10: 54
            Did Alexei send you a report from the Wuhan Research Institute?) Regarding discipline, there is no need to cast the same shadow on the same fence - our people honestly fulfilled and fulfills the conditions of restrictions on coronavirus. No more and no less Chinese.
            1. +1
              13 August 2020 11: 13
              No, of course, Vadim, there were no written reports)))) But at the expense of fulfilling the conditions of the restrictions, you and I apparently have different peoples. In our family, self-isolation affected only the heiress crying (I studied at home) my son and I are at work, my wife is at work. So, I saw firsthand how the population was looking at self-isolation (the first two weeks were still in shock, and then “it’s all nafig Putin invented”). At the expense of the law-abidingness of the Chinese, I don’t just said, lucky)))) to work with them, really like robots at work.
          2. -1
            13 August 2020 11: 06
            - Let me remind you. The hospital was built three months later, and after a month and a half it collapsed and crushed the patients underneath.
            1. +2
              13 August 2020 11: 32
              Photo in the studio, please, so as not to be unfounded.
        4. +2
          13 August 2020 11: 03
          If China had created the virus and had developed its vaccine, there would not have been numerous innocent Wuhan residents who lost their lives early this year.

          RIP for all people in Wuhan who have dead in this pandemic.
          RIP for all people all around the world who have dead in this pandemic.


          translated by google:

          If China created the virus and developed its own vaccine, there would not be many innocent people in Wuhan who would have died earlier this year.

          RIP for all people in Wuhan who have died as a result of this pandemic.
          RIP for all people around the world who have died as a result of this pandemic.
        5. +2
          13 August 2020 11: 15
          Quote: Civil
          1. The virus began in Wuhan where there is an experimental laboratory, or rather a whole research institute.

          There are a lot of such research institutes around the world, including in Russia. I can say for sure that Soviet research institutes of this profile were engaged in both anti-epidemic research and work in the field of bacteriological weapons. As in almost everything related to the defense industry, Russia has colossal experience. And the experience of fighting epidemics and creating new vaccines is also huge. Let me remind you that it was the Vector company that developed the vaccine against the Ebola virus.
          Quote: Civil
          2. The Chinese nailed him in 2 months, but in the rest of the world he rages.
          3. Maybe they themselves created this virus and they had a vaccine (developments) too quickly they got used to it.

          First, China is a warm, densely populated country with a huge population, which in itself contributes to the rapid mutations of viruses. Secondly, it's social. a country, moreover, with an ancient culture of mobilization. This is the main reason that the virus was dealt with quickly. The same thing happened in Vietnam: everyone put on masks to the last man, everyone respected quarantine, and did not engage in imitation, as in our country or, even more so, in the United States. Democracy is so ...
          Quote: Civil
          4. China could share its vaccine (know-how) with Russia.

          I could share - but I could not share. Something about mass vaccination in China is not heard, and a billion people cannot be secretly vaccinated. I say it again: the experience of creating vaccines in Russia, inherited from the USSR, oh, ho, they were preparing seriously for biological warfare.
          1. -1
            13 August 2020 11: 29
            Quote: astepanov
            it was Vector that developed the Ebola vaccine.

            In Africa, it’s not really about this in the course.


            Ebola preventive vaccine licensed in four countries in the African Region

            14 February 2020 city

            The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, Ghana and Zambia have licensed the Ebola vaccine just 90 days after it was prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Registration of the vaccine in other countries is expected in the coming weeks.

            WHO helped accelerate the licensing and introduction of the Ebola vaccine by certifying its compliance with WHO standards for quality, safety and efficacy through an unprecedented prequalification process reported in November 2019.

            Ebola Injectable Vaccine (Ervebo) Manufacturer - Merck (known as MSD outside the US and Canada)... According to the results of a preliminary study, the effectiveness of the vaccine is 97,5%. Evidence also suggests that vaccinating people who are already infected improves survival rates.

            In response to the ongoing Ebola outbreak, more than 290 people have been vaccinated in the DRC through experimental use protocols for humanitarian reasons. Now that the vaccine is licensed, its use in the DRC will be possible without the need for such protocols.


            https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/detail/14-02-2020-four-countries-in-the-african-region-license-vaccine-in-milestone-for-ebola-prevention
            1. +3
              13 August 2020 11: 50
              Quote: Liam
              In Africa, it’s not really about this in the course.

              On December 28, 2015, two drugs were registered in the State Register of Medicines - "Gam-Evac" and "Gam-Evac Combi", developed at the N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology. The drugs are genetically engineered vector vaccines. Trials of the Gam-Evac vaccine in Russia were carried out on a group of more than 100 people. In Guinea, 2018 thousand people were vaccinated with GamEvac Combi in 2
              Scientists from the State Scientific Center for Viral Biotechnologies "Vector" have been working on the creation of a vaccine since the early 2000s. On March 26, 2018, the drug "EpiVacEbola", developed at the scientific center, was registered in the State Register of Medicines. The drug is a polyepitope vaccine assembled from proteins. The introduction of the vaccine has been suspended due to funding cuts.
              Deripaska initiated the establishment of an Ebola hospital in the province of Kindia in Guinea in 2015. In cooperation with Rospotrebnadzor scientists, the Scientific Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology was built.
              At the beginning of 2019, the Russian Virological Center "Vector" announced that the domestic vaccine was ready for use and was registered with the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. At the end of 2019, two Russian vaccines are ready for clinical trials: the vector "EpiVacEbola" vaccine and the vaccine of the Moscow Scientific Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after V.I. NF Gamalei "of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
              1. 0
                13 August 2020 11: 59
                This is very interesting, but this is the internal Russian cuisine. It is recognized by the WHO, has gone through all the stages and is used for treatment by the American / Canadian vaccine, not the Russian one.
                When has the Russian vaccine passed all stages of testing, recognized by WHO and recommended for use as effective and safe?
                1. 0
                  13 August 2020 12: 32
                  Quote: Liam
                  It is very interesting, but this is the internal Russian cuisine.

                  To be honest, it is the internal Russian cuisine that interests me more, since it often concerns itself directly. And "whether there is life on Mars, whether there is life on Mars - this is unknown to science."
                  1. 0
                    13 August 2020 12: 42
                    Okay, so apart from Vector's own statement that the vaccine exists, is effective and safe, you have no data. Thank you. hi
        6. -5
          13 August 2020 11: 30
          Quote: Civil
          Information for consideration:
          1. The virus began in Wuhan where there is an experimental laboratory, or rather a whole research institute.
          2. The Chinese nailed him in 2 months, but in the rest of the world he rages.
          3. Maybe they themselves created this virus and they had a vaccine (developments) too quickly they got used to it.
          4. China could share its vaccine (know-how) with Russia.
          One way or another, all this is suspicious, but it does not detract from the feat of our virologists.

          Sit down two
      5. +2
        13 August 2020 11: 39
        I went to Instagram for the news about our vaccine. How many disgusting comments from our citizens, like "the whole world neighing over YOUR vaccine." What is it?? Why do we not love each other and our country so much !! Why are officials, police officers, etc. from small to large they breed corruption, thereby destroying their country helping enemies from outside !!! Why it happens??
      6. +3
        13 August 2020 11: 44
        Quote: For example
        Let them compete in sports. Win against each other.

        Even in sports, there has been no competition for a long time. There are various "wadas", "Olympic committees" and other crap, which the world sports have turned into a low-quality political show. And this show is played out for any occasion. Now with the vaccine.
    2. +8
      13 August 2020 09: 18
      It seems that the Soviet legacy in this area has been preserved. Here is the result
      1. -15
        13 August 2020 09: 33
        Here it is very rightly noticed)))
        "The news that the Gamaleya Institute has extended the study of a new vaccine for safety and tolerance by six months, turns the vaccine history into a Soviet project for the delivery of an important object for the party congress, when it was required at any cost and even with imperfections, but to report on success, and then finish building and to finalize it for even a whole five-year plan until the next party forum. "
    3. +7
      13 August 2020 09: 26
      India: "Perhaps this vaccine will be better."
      The question is: what is better?
      India: than others ....
      Zita and Geeta do not learn history lessons - the Anglo-Saxons cannot be trusted.
      1. -7
        13 August 2020 11: 06
        The Anglo-Saxons saved the Indians from cholera and plague at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. Not without the help of the Judeoism. The Center for Bacteriology and Epidemiology in Bombay (Khavkin Institute) is named after one of them.
    4. -36
      13 August 2020 09: 28
      I have not met a single patient .. and not a single acquaintance with patients .. Except for those who were offered the loot in the hospital in exchange for agreeing to write down the virus as the cause of death ..
      I admit that this virus still has a place to be .. but still it is difficult to call the fight against windmills a "victory for all" ..

      IMHO, it's one thing to agree to wear masks on demand (and without demands we wouldn't even see those 30% of masks on the street), and another thing is to inject all sorts of nasty things at ourselves .. I don't think that many people will be "treated"
      1. +10
        13 August 2020 09: 38
        I can arrange an excursion to Kommunalka ...
        A familiar rugby player died - a slanting fathom in the shoulders.
        The day before discharge, the colonel, with whom he had previously served, died (he felt good, but at night there was a complication).
        Of my employees, one woman went through intensive care for a couple of weeks ...
        1. -12
          13 August 2020 09: 49
          Quote: RUnnm
          I can arrange an excursion to Communal ...

          strange that the guide doesn't know the correct name ...
          1. +5
            13 August 2020 09: 50
            Don't be smart. It doesn't suit you. This is T9
            1. -5
              13 August 2020 10: 34
              okay, don’t get angry) When I’m in Minsk, I like to visit a pub with that name. I recommend - a funny stylization "for Odessa")
          2. +2
            13 August 2020 10: 15
            Quote: Dr. Frankenshtuzer
            strange that the guide doesn't know the correct name ...

            if they thought a little and looked down at the keyboard, they would have realized that an elementary typo "l" and "p" are next
            1. +1
              13 August 2020 10: 36
              how serious we are ...)))
              and I remembered an ancient comedy with Belmondo as a detective writer:
              - Where are they taking us ??
              - Go to the flight, doYagaya!
              (- Shit, the letter "r" sinks again!)
        2. -17
          13 August 2020 10: 07
          In the midst of the "epidemic" I suggested that those wishing to arrange me an excursion to Italy .. with compensation for all expenses, of course .. in exchange for videos with me visiting all the hospitals ..
          But something didn't go ..))
          1. +1
            13 August 2020 11: 51
            I did not quite understand your wicked comment. Is this, like, such Petrosyanism?
            1. -4
              13 August 2020 14: 28
              Well, I don't understand, and okay .. it happens ..))
      2. +8
        13 August 2020 09: 42
        Quote: Roman246810
        I have not met a single patient.

        My friend, in the past MS in freestyle wrestling, was one of the 8 best wrestlers of the Soviet Union in his weight category, krapovik, in the past the head of combat and special training in the special forces unit, physically very strong and enduring, a barbell of 150 kg - his working weight in the bench press, after a sleepless night shift, I remember driving home faster. sleep well. and after a smoked cigarette he ran 7-8 km. Health and strength in him. And now, a month ago, his wife caught this virus. he also got infected, she is in a mild form. and he is on a ventilator, with a serious lesion of 40% of his lungs. somehow got out ... So, this is not a joke rubbish, this virus.
        1. -2
          13 August 2020 11: 09
          Conclusion: do not smoke!
      3. +6
        13 August 2020 09: 45
        Quote: Roman246810
        I have not met a single patient .. and not a single acquaintance with patients ..

        Several acquaintances were ill and are still ill - one in a serious condition - was hypothalized, 39 temperature - 50% of the lungs were affected, his wife - in a mild form - sat at home at home.

        Quote: Roman246810
        Except for those who were offered loot in the hospital in exchange for agreeing to record the virus as the cause of death ..

        I have absolutely the opposite data: my son began to cough and the temperature is 37 for two weeks - they called a doctor.
        The doctor suggested an X-ray and a standard "kit" of medicine for malaria (!) - they are forced to prescribe all of them with similar symptoms, although help from COVID-19 has not been proven.
        Swabs for analysis?
        Themselves - at their own expense (3500 rubles).
        Says doctors "were not recommended" to register appeals and prescribe tests (so as not to spoil the statistics of the election field?).
        In general, COVID is ill or not - no one cares, does it die? - Treat with ineffective pills at home.
        Thank God in the end it worked out - we still don't know what was sick.
      4. +6
        13 August 2020 10: 14
        Quote: Roman246810
        I have not met a single patient .. and not a single acquaintance with patients ..
        Have you ever seen a gamma ray?
        1. -8
          13 August 2020 14: 31
          Did not see..
          That is why I will not believe it. if tomorrow they tell me on TV that we have several hundred thousand irradiated people walking around the country ..))

          Shl .. for sure, then I would have stumbled into a magnet at least a couple of times on these irradiated patients with peeling skin ..
      5. kin
        +1
        13 August 2020 10: 25
        I didn’t believe it either, I was wrong until I caught the infection myself from a colleague, got sick, complication of bilateral pneumonia.
        It was very unpleasant, not because I was sick, but because the doctors turned out to be a tree. There are no medicines, they are not taken to hospitals, they are overcrowded. Even the ambulances didn't come. A relative died in the hospital. The eldest son, the elder sister, was ill, thank God, in a mild form. The spouse's parents were treated for a month in the hospital. Take care of yourself, do not get sick.
        1. +2
          13 August 2020 10: 34
          Quote: kin
          I was ill. It was very unpleasant, not because I was sick, but because the doctors turned out to be a tree. There are no medicines, they are not taken to hospitals, they are overcrowded. Even the ambulances didn't come. A relative died in the hospital.

          In which city are hospitals overflowing with covid? Just asked. Just name, please, the place in Russia about which you write.
          1. kin
            0
            19 August 2020 17: 18
            I'm from Kazakhstan.
            1. 0
              19 August 2020 17: 32
              Quote: kin
              I'm from Kazakhstan.

              Ah, well then, be so kind as to clarify next time. And then after all, a person wrote about the Russian Federation, and here you are with your personal experience and without a single hint of at least some kind of verification.
              Those. write directly like this:
              Our Kazakhstani ...
              Quote: kin
              ... the doctors turned out to be a tree.



              In Kazakhstan ...
              Quote: kin
              There are no medicines, they are not taken to hospitals, they are overcrowded. Even the ambulances didn't come.

              Without such clarifications, your comment looks as if this chaos is taking place in Russia.
        2. 0
          13 August 2020 13: 51
          Quote: kin
          There are no medicines, they are not taken to hospitals, they are overcrowded.

          21 CENTURY in the yard !! no medicine? and the blood serum from the patient? the Middle Ages what that !!!
        3. -5
          13 August 2020 14: 33
          There are no medications, they do not take them to hospitals - they are overcrowded

          Why go to the hospital if there is no medicine ..))
          Piskov and Mishustin were sitting at home very well.
          Or not at home .. we can even on the beach ..))
      6. 0
        13 August 2020 10: 35
        Ohhrynet how lucky you are, apparently they were sitting in such a hole wherever no one went, I don’t need to go for examples in the city of a millionaire, constantly from my acquaintances no one is lucky, there are even sad results. Right now, the Daughter-in-law is at home with a mild form, writes that it is quite crap, especially in comparison with the flu that she had been ill with more than once. So health to you, and good luck so as not to pick up the non-existent.
      7. 0
        13 August 2020 11: 33
        Quote: Roman246810
        I have not met a single patient .. and not a single acquaintance with patients .. Except for those who were offered the loot in the hospital in exchange for agreeing to write down the virus as the cause of death ..
        I admit that this virus still has a place to be .. but still it is difficult to call the fight against windmills a "victory for all" ..

        IMHO, it's one thing to agree to wear masks on demand (and without demands we wouldn't even see those 30% of masks on the street), and another thing is to inject all sorts of nasty things at ourselves .. I don't think that many people will be "treated"

        And I had 3 friends who were ill, all have similar symptoms, the first sign is loss of taste and smell. My sister was ill. The neighbor died. My wife's uncle spent 4 months hanging out in intensive care, was lying with drains in the chest cavity, a lung broke, they thought he would die, but survived, but now he is disabled.
        1. +1
          13 August 2020 12: 13
          taste and smell? I thought that high fever and cough, although it may be different for everyone
      8. +3
        13 August 2020 11: 51
        Putin is cunning, the whole world bought both politicians and the media to lie and everything to deceive one bot Westerner Roman laughing
    5. -4
      13 August 2020 09: 30
      The fact that the vaccine was made is good!
      The fact that the bureaucrats crowed ahead of time is a tradition of the present times, as if they, directly, created it
    6. +7
      13 August 2020 09: 33
      If so, then this is a huge victory for Russian science. As they say, you can't drink a masterpiece!
    7. -5
      13 August 2020 09: 35
      Well, here again the Russian Federation will distribute a good 10 dollars a vaccine and bring peace to the whole world. While the market does not have offers, it is necessary to sell at 10000 apiece, and believe me, there will be those who wish from the elite.
      1. -9
        13 August 2020 09: 39
        The trick is that from the proceeds, the creators directly, if they receive crumbs .. the cream will be skimmed by the crowed
        1. +9
          13 August 2020 09: 44
          The trick is that even if and as you say, the main thing here is that yachts and palaces are built inside the Russian Federation, no one has canceled the circulation of money, in any case they will reach the population through taxes on fuel for yachts. And there is no need to envy this is normal
          1. -5
            13 August 2020 09: 45
            Duc trick is that they build not here, but there)))
            You understand patriotism ...))
        2. +2
          13 August 2020 09: 45
          So it is in capitalist countries where traders first of all earn and not those who produce
          1. +3
            13 August 2020 10: 38
            Quote: vavilon
            This is the way it is in capitalist countries where traders are primarily earn and not those who produce

            Only those who work and produce earn. The rest live at their expense in one way or another.
            1. +1
              13 August 2020 12: 01
              Quote: Shuttle
              Only those who work and produce earn. The rest live at their expense in one way or another.

              In our world, unfortunately, everything is not so. Those who work (produce), for the most part, do not earn. (especially, if you also consider such a controversial issue, what is work in general). But for the most part, all sorts of speculators, especially financial ones, make money. And then they genuinely wonder why economic crises happen. And the fact that everyone lives at the expense of the manufacturers of a real product is of course indisputable.
              1. 0
                13 August 2020 13: 10
                Quote: orionvitt
                ... a controversial question, what is work in general) ...

                And what is controversial here?
                Suppose an artist is in the theater, what is he doing? Serves.
                What does a soldier in the army do? - its very name speaks for itself - it serves.
                Generally speaking, the doctor also always served.
                Here is a cook - he works.
                Bricklayer - works.
                Even a hairdresser, oddly enough, providing services to the population also works.
                And speculators don't work. Speculators speculate. Modern bankers, unlike those that were a hundred years ago, create mainly money from debt, i.e. out of thin air mostly. Is it work, is it work? Not. It is (about the bankers) a pure parasitic lifestyle. At the same time, an absolutely honest cashier can work in a bank and his work on laying out papers will be work, work.
                "Capital" to help you. The very beginning of the very first volume. Just about labor, about its nature. Written not just by a scientist, but also by a capitalist. It happens.
                1. +1
                  13 August 2020 17: 06
                  Quote: Shuttle
                  And what is controversial here?

                  If everything were as simple as yours, then there would be no problems in the world at all. It's not about who works and who serves. And in who and how much benefit society., So to speak, is the efficiency.
      2. -5
        13 August 2020 09: 47
        , and believe me there are those who wish from the beau monde.

        Others may also be found. Say that the hair fell out due to the vaccine ... wink
        And morally "damaged". And to sue them on their territory is more expensive. I hope they are not "kolkhoz fuckers" in our legal departments.
      3. 0
        13 August 2020 09: 59
        Quote: Rubi0
        Well, here again the Russian Federation will distribute a good 10 dollars a vaccine and bring peace to the whole world. While the market does not have offers, it is necessary to sell at 10000 apiece, and believe me, there will be those who wish from the elite.


        Never mind that fewer than a hundred volunteers have tested the vaccine (in the US, more than 30000 volunteers have declared their desire to participate in the trial).
        The statistics are too small for a bravura statement.
        May cause allergic reactions or angioedema or other side effects with some types of medical conditions.
        Do not forget that at the first stage of testing, the vaccine was tested on completely healthy and physically strong people.
        How it will act on people with certain types of diseases should be shown by the following stages of testing - but we have not heard about them in the Russian Federation ...
        "The results of the studies of the first and second phases have not yet been published, all we have are verbal assurances that [the vaccine] is safe," Svetlana Zavidova, executive director of AOKI, commented to Takom Delov. The expert noted that according to the recommendations of the American FDA agency, it is possible to speak about the effectiveness of the drug only after testing the vaccine on at least several thousand participants.
        1. +3
          13 August 2020 10: 08
          as many as 38 people. this is clearly enough. The duration of the protection is unknown. Clinical studies to study the epidemiological effectiveness have not been conducted. There was no control group. the age limit is 18-60 years. It is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, as "efficacy and safety have not been studied." The interaction of the vaccine with other drugs and its effect on the ability to drive vehicles have not been studied either. the same with chronic diseases. I think you need to prick
          1. 0
            13 August 2020 10: 11
            Quote: ender
            as many as 38 people. this is clearly enough. The duration of the protection is unknown. Clinical studies to study the epidemiological effectiveness have not been conducted. There was no control group. the age limit is 18-60 years. It is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, as "efficacy and safety have not been studied." The interaction of the vaccine with other drugs and its effect on the ability to drive vehicles have not been studied either. the same with chronic diseases. I think you need to prick


            I totally agree.
            Additional research is needed, and here, even on the second stage of research, information is not available.
      4. 0
        13 August 2020 10: 01
        Quote: Rubi0
        need to sell at 10000 apiece

        an incompletely tested vaccine? Well, yes, there, Venezuela is happily first in line.
        1. -2
          13 August 2020 10: 19
          and in this deafening clink of coins, no one stutters about the "artificial origin of the virus" ..
        2. +2
          13 August 2020 11: 17
          And what are you against that the last stage of research will be carried out on foreign citizens, especially if they themselves want to? The states have built laboratories and standards from the Ukrainians, their own country and people are above all, there is no need to bring peace to the world at their own expense
    8. The comment was deleted.
    9. -1
      13 August 2020 09: 43
      why will they sell for dollars and not for rubles
      1. 0
        13 August 2020 12: 31
        Because the export dollar is a universal currency for calculating the value in the foreign market.
        1. -1
          15 August 2020 00: 03
          ))) Thank you for explaining to me, otherwise I didn't know the type)))
          But still not for rubles?)))
          You need to somehow strengthen your own currency, let those who want to buy rubles on the exchanges and use them to pay
          So the ruble will grow stronger
          And then specialists are paid in rubles, and our oligarchs-traders will push for dollars and then these hard-earned rubles will also devalue.
          Here is Russian capitalism in all its glory.
    10. +3
      13 August 2020 09: 55
      The reaction of the Western media to this was understandable and predictable. The second day comes to feces with the support of Russian "liberals", who replaced their "bright faces" with a mask of disgust, suddenly becoming specialists in the field of virology and vaccine production - "Russia has never created anything ..." and in the same spirit. When they are given the example of polymelite, Ebola, they pretend not to hear.
    11. +1
      13 August 2020 09: 57
      There is a lot of noise and screams .... boom to look at the results.
    12. +1
      13 August 2020 10: 08
      And what about Comrade. Microsoft didn't go to co-authors? Or not invited? If so, then there is nothing to be surprised that such a hubbub in the foreign press is worth it. Yes, and we have "experts" - every medical assistant or nurse.
    13. -1
      13 August 2020 10: 12
      India has a billion three hundred million people.
      They need a vaccine at an affordable price and technology for its production.
      There is little hope for Western "partners".
      They will wrap it up to the bone and even find an opportunity to throw it.
    14. 0
      13 August 2020 10: 14
      Today Vesti FM listened to the news, one presenter said that Russia will produce one and a half million doses a year! Surprised that so little? After 15 minutes, they already said five million a month, but after the new year, in short, they themselves do not know yet.
      1. 0
        13 August 2020 12: 32
        He apparently does not know what he is talking about.
    15. -4
      13 August 2020 10: 16


      Director of the Center. Gamalei Alexander Gunzburg said he did not know how the daughter of Russian President Vladimir Putin was vaccinated against coronavirus, suggesting that she could be a volunteer.

      “I guess I was a volunteer, I didn't look at my passport. I don’t know in the face of all the volunteers, this is not for me. This is the first time I hear this from you, ”Gunzburg told Interfax.
    16. +1
      13 August 2020 10: 49
      The title is correct. The reaction of the world is the same: the adequate ones are happy and order, "partners" and enemies-enemies emanate with bile and malice, as they always doubt. A similar reaction is here on the topic.
    17. +2
      13 August 2020 10: 50
      In the beating socialist countries and in the first place in the USSR, they have been preparing for such a scenario of an epidemic for decades.
      This readiness also included preparations for the rapid development of vaccines against an unknown virus.
      It is possible that Sputnik 5 is an already existing vaccine that has already been used and everyone knows about it and has only slightly modified it.
      Therefore, there is no need for long drinks.
    18. +5
      13 August 2020 10: 56
      So they encroached on the most important thing. To your wallet !!! 10 dollars set! You can't make it! There is a cheap Russian vaccine - the whole business was broken for pharmacovampires laughing .
    19. +1
      13 August 2020 11: 12
      And Matraslandia and its vassals are buzzing like a mosquito swarm that the vaccine is ball-bling, and repeaters of this squeak have appeared on social networks. As if on command. laughing
    20. +2
      13 August 2020 11: 23
      Quote: Civil
      Information for consideration:
      1. The virus began in Wuhan where there is an experimental laboratory, or rather a whole research institute.
      2. The Chinese nailed him in 2 months, but in the rest of the world he rages.
      3. Maybe they themselves created this virus and they had a vaccine (developments) too quickly they got used to it.
      4. China could share its vaccine (know-how) with Russia.
      One way or another, all this is suspicious, but it does not detract from the feat of our virologists.

      Who told you that the Chinese have gotten this virus? wassat
      When they had a second wave again, it was sharper than the first wave. feel
      And they have not really created the vaccine itself, it is still in the search and testing mode. recourse
      As for our scientists, respect and respect them. fellow good
      I have a presentiment in advance that I will very quickly get the sneakers and will be mined by myself, do not spoil ... wassat
    21. The comment was deleted.
    22. 0
      13 August 2020 11: 41
      Quote: Civil

      3. You look at the salaries of the employees of the Vector and the Institute. Gamaleya, especially compared to their counterparts in the PRC and all kinds of gayropes with the states. This is a feat without talking.

      Are you sure you know exactly what salaries are in the same Vector? For example, I watched an interview where the head of the center assured that the salary at the hands of employees with all the additional payments reaches several hundred thousand. Although vacancies indicate bare salaries starting somewhere from 20 thousand rubles.
    23. +5
      13 August 2020 12: 26
      To be honest, I am somewhat surprised by all this hype around the Russian vaccine.
      The fact is that the vaccine in the world is about 140 projects.

      28 of them are already at the stage of clinical testing, which consists of three stages of assessment.

      6 have already reached the home stretch and began recruiting volunteers for the third phase. (This is the final phase of clinical testing, involving groups of up to several hundred people.)

      What is true, none of them made bangers all over the world. Furthermore, no country in the world dared to vaccinate its citizens with these vaccines!
      Who are they, cowardly reinsurers or responsible research scientists?

      "The Russian project presented by Vladimir Putin was developed by the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology in Moscow. Like Oxford, adenovirus is used here. In international registries, this clinical testing is officially only in the first phase, which checks the safety of the vaccine for who it is being administered to. The vaccine may have progressed further and successfully passed the first and second phases. But the statement from Vladimir Putin that the vaccine is ready is at best ambiguity, and at worst - manipulation. "
      1. +2
        13 August 2020 12: 38
        Yes. The Russians are at the finish line, we and a couple of other countries (states, Germany). It's always fun to watch these dances ...
        Ps. We are categorically against a panacea .... and for complex treatment, like the Germans too.
      2. 0
        13 August 2020 17: 14
        In "Gamaleya" then? Ordinary hucksters and PR people. Remembering "Kagocel" ...
    24. -1
      13 August 2020 13: 12
      it was during the time of Comrade Stalin that such a miracle cure for cancer was thundering, saving the world - Krutsin. the inventors inadvertently shared the secret with the Americans. then what happened! courts
      honor. defamation in the press ..
      krutsin ended up being a complete bullshit. history tends to repeat itself. will now be
      comedy.
      1. 0
        16 August 2020 13: 46
        Yeah, it's good that we remembered. Also an example of "cave innovation"
    25. +1
      13 August 2020 13: 23
      Western vaccines, which if they appear, then much later, will cost significantly more
      five dollars per dose, it seems, is not a lot, but if these doses are hundreds of millions - wow!
      On Tuesday, the Trump administration announced an agreement to 1,5 billion dollars with Moderna for production and delivery 100 million doses the coronavirus vaccine, which entered the final phase of Phase 3 clinical trials last month, becoming the first in the United States.
      that is, $ 15
      Clinical Phase III trials will take place in various countries, including India, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Brazil and the Philippines. This will be followed by mass production in other countries.

      https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/india-to-be-involved-in-sputnik-v-trials-125346
    26. +1
      13 August 2020 14: 01
      Don't jump to conclusions ... time will put everyone in their place smile
    27. 0
      13 August 2020 14: 33
      Quote: For example
      The main thing is the health of the inhabitants of our country.
      And for the rest we are the host.

      Let them compete in sports. Win against each other.

      This raises the question: why is there a vaccine at all. ..
      Hooray comrades. tongue
    28. 0
      13 August 2020 16: 50
      I wrote for a long time that whoever starts the vaccine first will earn billions, but the rest will be released and put into a warehouse, as was the case with the medicine for bird flu in Switzerland. Until the Indians and the British create a vaccine, the corona will be gone.
      1. -2
        13 August 2020 17: 12
        The British, if they are in the lead, they are already honestly completing the 3rd phase. Such things .... But - "let a hundred flowers bloom!", Bo virus is very changeable.
        1. 0
          13 August 2020 17: 14
          There can be no honest "trials. Ideally, a vaccine should take several years. All vaccines will be new and risky. The British will be in the rear, the Americans will be second."
          1. -1
            13 August 2020 17: 15
            To do - quickly, to experience - for a long time.
      2. +1
        13 August 2020 17: 36
        Quote: Victor Sergeev
        I wrote a long time ago that the one who starts the vaccine first will earn billions,

        Pfizer and BioNTech Agree $ 19 Billion Deal with US Government for COVID-1,95 Vaccine
        https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/07/22/pfizer-biontech-vaccine-contract-coronavirus/
    29. -2
      13 August 2020 17: 05
      the authorities' statements in recent years cannot be trusted
      1. +1
        13 August 2020 17: 15
        Well, don't believe it. There is such a category of people: you show them an orange, but they do not believe and believe that they have a banana in front of them. The vaccine is registered, production has begun, but you don’t believe it.
        1. 0
          16 August 2020 07: 36
          register does not mean that it works, eat oranges
    30. 0
      13 August 2020 17: 11
      Yeah ... even the second phase is a wedge. The trial was not really done, but they are already declaring "breakthrough! victory! and finally!" What's in reality? In reality, the preliminary registration of the vaccine for conducting full-scale clinical trials (third phase) on a large number of volunteers (10000+) and, upon successful completion, the availability for clinical use from the beginning of 2021. All the rest is from the category of "reported". Look, "Vector" in Novosibirsk at the same stage of development, but does not report on "breakthroughs", but calmly brings the process to the end, what would make a normal product for the country. And in "Gamaleynik" - hucksters (remember "Kagocel" and other "fuflomycins" with multimillion-dollar sales from there)
    31. 0
      13 August 2020 17: 30
      The phrase looks interesting in this regard:
      Perhaps this vaccine will be better.

      But there is also an interesting phrase:
      "The speed with which Russia is moving towards the introduction of its vaccine underlines its determination win the global race for an effective product, but raises concerns that it can put national prestige ahead of sound science and security."

      But, this is not ballet or even rockets!
      AND ELSE, LEADS THIS TABLE
    32. 0
      14 August 2020 18: 44
      Foreign partners will find a way to reject it.
    33. kin
      0
      19 August 2020 20: 46
      Quote: Shuttle
      Quote: kin
      I'm from Kazakhstan.

      Ah, well then, be so kind as to clarify next time. And then after all, a person wrote about the Russian Federation, and here you are with your personal experience and without a single hint of at least some kind of verification.
      Those. write directly like this:
      Our Kazakhstani ...
      Quote: kin
      ... the doctors turned out to be a tree.



      In Kazakhstan ...
      Quote: kin
      There are no medicines, they are not taken to hospitals, they are overcrowded. Even the ambulances didn't come.

      Without such clarifications, your comment looks as if this chaos is taking place in Russia.

      I don't want to get into a skirmish with you, but somehow you react inadequately. As if I am guilty of something in front of you. You teach me how to answer you so that the meaning of my words comes to you. In the post of the respected Roman246810 there is not a word about Russia. Or did I just not see it?

    "Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

    “Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"