Alexander Zasyadko. Creator of the first Russian military missiles

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Alexander Zasyadko. Creator of the first Russian military missiles

Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko

Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko (1779-1837) made an excellent military career, and also became famous for his work in the development of rocketry. In this area in Russia Zasyadko was a real pioneer. The powder rockets created by this artillery officer were superior to the English models in terms of flight range, and the machine developed by him for the simultaneous salvo of six missiles was the prototype of all modern MLRS. Unfortunately, a prominent designer and rocket master passed away relatively early. Received the rank of Lieutenant General Alexander Zasyadko in 1829, he resigned due to his health (wounds and hardships of military life affected) and quickly died away, having died on May 1834, 27 in Kharkov at the age of 1837 years.

The beginning of the military career of rocket master


Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko was born in 1779 (the exact date is unknown) in the village of Lyutenka on the banks of the Psel River (Gadyachsky district of the Poltava province). Zasyadko came from a family of Little Russian nobles, his father worked as a county treasurer in Perekop and was even noted in the second part of the pedigree book of nobles in the Poltava province. At the same time, the Zasyadko clan itself came from clan Cossacks inextricably linked with the Zaporizhzhya Sich.



Some sources indicate that among the closest relatives of Alexander Zasyadko were harmonica. Garmaches called a specially prepared category of Ukrainian Cossacks who mastered artillery and ensured the proper functioning of artillery. In any case, it was Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko who became the most famous artilleryman in the family, who rose to the rank of lieutenant general and took part in all the wars important to Russia at the beginning of the 1812th century, including in the Patriotic War of XNUMX.

Until ten years, Alexander lived in his father’s house, where he managed to get elementary education. At the age of 10, he was sent to Petersburg with his brother Danila, where he studied for eight years in the Artillery and Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps. It was in St. Petersburg that the foundation of Alexander Zasyadko’s knowledge in the field of artillery and fortification was laid. In 1797, both brothers Zasyadko together graduated from the cadet corps with the rank of lieutenant artillery and were sent to serve in the Kherson province as part of the 10th infantry battalion.

Together, the brothers fought during the Italian campaign of the Russian army in 1799. For two months of fighting, Alexander Zasyadko had to take part in hand-to-hand fights several times, during the battle a horse was killed three times under him, and also a shaky was shot two times. Moreover, in the battles, Alexander showed not only courage, but also good managerial skills. For one successful battle, Zasyadko was personally noted by Suvorov, who praised the capabilities of the young officer. And a little later, for the courage shown during the capture of the Mantua fortress, the famous Russian field marshal personally made Alexander Zasyadko captains.


Later, the brothers took part in the landing on the Ionian Islands (Corfu and Tenedos) in 1804-1806, as well as in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the foreign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813-1814. In all battles, Zasyadko showed courage and remarkable officer talent. In memory of past battles, Alexander Zasyadko got numerous orders, a golden sword with the inscription "For courage", as well as a wound in the left leg. At the same time, Alexander took part in the battle of Borodino, being at the epicenter of the battle on the Raevsky battery, giving the gunners an example of personal courage and courage.

Alexander Zasyadko also participated in the famous battle near Leipzig in October 1813 (“Battle of the Peoples”). Colonel Alexander Zasyadko, who commanded the 15th Guards Brigade at that time, distinguished himself in battle and was presented to the Order of St. George of the third class for heroism. The award was all the more honorable, given that in the entire Russian army only two people were awarded this order to Zasyadko. For Zasyadko, “The Battle of the Nations” was marked by another important event. It was near Leipzig in 1813 that the British quite successfully used their powder rockets against Napoleonic troops. The appearance on the battlefield of a new weapons did not go unnoticed by the Russian command, especially artillery officers.

Creation of the first Russian rockets


The experience of using missiles in the battle of Leipzig was successful and impressed Zasyadko, who, after returning to Russia, set himself the goal of equipping the Russian army with new weapons. Work on the development of their own powder rockets, the production technology of which the British kept secret, Alexander Zasyadko began in 1815 on his own initiative and at his own expense. Zasyadko earned money for development and laboratory research by selling the small estate of his father inherited to him by inheritance near Odessa.

A diversified officer, well versed in artillery, and also paying great attention to self-development and the study of various sciences, including chemistry and physics, Zasyadko realized early enough that military missiles could be very useful for the army. Before the massive use of missile weapons on the battlefield, there was still more than a century. Zasyadko anticipated time. At the same time, a good knowledge of mechanics, physics and chemistry, as well as familiarity with the experiences of various European inventors in Dresden and Paris, allowed Zasyadko to realize his plan.

Quickly enough, Alexander Zasyadko unraveled the secret of Colonel Congrave's British missiles. At the same time, the Russian officer had to follow the same path as his British counterpart. Quickly enough, Alexander realized that military missiles are not much different from fireworks, and there were no problems with the latter in the Russian Empire. In this area, the country had almost one and a half centuries of experience, pyrotechnics and fireworks were in Russia at a very high level. Quickly enough, Alexander Zasyadko managed to surpass Congrave missiles in firing range.


Combat missiles designed by A. D. Zasyadko: incendiary at the top, grenade below

It took a talented officer and inventor two years to present his military rockets based on fireworks. Changing their design and improving production technology, Zasyadko introduced a whole line of missile weapons with warheads of incendiary and high-explosive action. In total, the designer introduced rockets of four calibers: 2, 2,5, 3 and 4 inches (51, 64, 76 and 102 mm, respectively). After a large number of test launches, the flight range of the missiles was brought up to 2300 meters, and during official tests of new weapons in St. Petersburg the flight range of the 4-inch rocket reached 3100 meters, which exceeded the flight range of the best foreign missiles of that time period.

The successes of Alexander Dmitrievich did not go unnoticed. In April 1818, Zasyadko received another promotion, becoming a major general. And in 1820, Alexander Zasyadko headed the newly established Artillery School, later in the middle of the XIX century, the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy would be created on the basis of the school. Zasyadko also became the manager of the laboratory, the powder factory and the St. Petersburg arsenal. There, in St. Petersburg, with his direct participation, a pilot production of the first Russian military missiles was organized.

To launch combat missiles, Alexander Zasyadko used a special machine, which initially almost did not differ from those used to launch lighting and fireworks. Later he improved the design of the rocket machine, which already consisted of a wooden tripod, to which a special launch tube made of iron was attached. In this case, the pipe could be freely rotated in a vertical and horizontal plane. Later, Zasyadko introduced a new machine with the ability to launch six missiles in a salvo simultaneously.

The first combat use of rockets Zasyadko


Organized in 1826 in the vicinity of St. Petersburg, a small plant for the manufacture of military missiles ("Rocket Institution") from 1826 to 1850 fired more than 49 thousand missiles of the Zasyadko system of various calibers, including high-explosive, incendiary and firing. For the first time, new Russian weapons were tested in combat conditions during the Russo-Turkish War in 1828. During the siege of the Turkish fortress of Varna, Russian troops first used a missile company, commanded by Lieutenant Pyotr Kovalevsky (future lieutenant general of the Russian army). The company was formed back in 1827 on the initiative and with the direct participation of Major General Alexander Zasyadko. An organizationally new unit was part of the Guards Corps.


Rockets of the Turkish fortress Varna

The first missile company in the Russian army included 6 officers, 17 fireworks, 300 privates, while 60 of the company were non-combatants. The company was armed with three types of missiles and machine tools for them. Including 6 six-pipe machines for 20-pound rockets and 6 tripod machines for launching 12-pound and 6-pound rockets. In the state, the company was supposed to have three thousand combat missiles at once, both with a high-explosive and incendiary filling. The combat missiles that were designed by Zasyadko were used during the siege of several Turkish fortresses: Varna, Shumly, Silistra, Brailova.

The first combat experience of using rockets by the Russian army was on August 31, 1828. On this day, Zasyadko missiles were used to storm Turkish redoubts located by the sea south of Varna. Firing with new missile weapons, as well as field and naval artillery forced the Turks, who defended the redoubts, to take refuge in burrows dug in ditches. When the Russian troops launched an attack on the redoubt, the enemy simply did not have time to take up positions and put up organized resistance; as a result, the redoubt was taken in a few minutes with heavy losses for the Turks.

Later, as early as September 1828, rocket launchers consisting of batteries (usually two machines were included in the battery) were used during the siege and assault on Varna, which fell on September 29. In total, during the campaign of 1828, the first missile company in the Russian army consumed 811 combat and 380 incendiary missiles, most of which were spent near Varna.
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  1. +2
    27 May 2020 05: 35
    A new name for me ... how many talents there were in Russia ... oh, what we have, we don’t value losing crying.
    1. 0
      27 June 2020 10: 46
      Well, Konstantinov’s missiles were even more perfect were used in the Crimean War, then rifled artillery replaced them
  2. +2
    27 May 2020 06: 25
    Let the grapes be green, but it was OUR grapes!
  3. +1
    27 May 2020 07: 31
    Thanks to the author for the story of the famous Russian missile.

    The only remark is that the Cossacks never called themselves "Ukrainians" ...
    1. -2
      27 May 2020 17: 14
      So you definitely had to excel in your knowledge and @ b @ cc ukrov?
  4. +6
    27 May 2020 08: 11
    Yuri Nikitin "The Sword of Alexander Zasyadko". In 1979 the book was published in Ukraine. I read it in one breath. RECOMMEND.
    A. Zasyadko knew a little clarification about missiles from his father from childhood. When the Cossacks used them, but the secret was lost. Therefore, he entered the artillery school.
    Sergey, BIG gratitude.
    1. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 01: 12
      This book came out with us. In Russia it is called "The Golden Sword" I will not give a bibliography right away. Yuri Nikitin is published in huge editions.
  5. +4
    27 May 2020 08: 15
    This is a good article, but some illiteracy of the author in the use of terms distresses: "At the same time, Alexander took part in the Battle of Borodino, being at the epicenter battles on the Raevsky battery, giving the gunners an example of personal courage and daring. "
    The epicenter is the center of an air blast projected onto the ground. The author turned out that the battle of Borodino was conducted in heaven. :)
    1. +3
      27 May 2020 08: 46
      No, Kutuzov used tactical special ammunition for Delzon’s division.
    2. +4
      27 May 2020 08: 48
      Such illiteracy comes from the magazines who have never dealt with mathematics. At the present time this is manifested everywhere, it is a very beautiful word - "epicenter".
  6. +8
    27 May 2020 09: 04
    I am very glad that A. Zasyadko remembered at VO! Back in my school years, I read with great interest about Russian rocket launchers A. Zasyadko and K. Konstantinov ... examined their missiles and rocket machines! It is from that time that I remembered the famous picture of the rocket fire of Varna ...

    And A. Zasyadko remembered the "images" of the rocket machines forever!
    1. 0
      27 May 2020 15: 57
      Later, Zasyadko introduced a new machine with the ability to launch six missiles in a salvo simultaneously.

      The Zasyadko missiles were of two types: 4-inch and 6-pound.
      The flight range of the 4-inch rocket was 2700 meters, and small-caliber missiles - 1600 meters.
      Missiles were manufactured in Tirasrol, where workers and equipment of the Rocket Facility arrived from St. Petersburg.
      1. +2
        27 May 2020 16: 11
        The structure and staff of the rocket institution Zasyadko
        At that time, the Missile Facility consisted of a laboratory and a rocket battery. The laboratory produced high-explosive and incendiary rockets of both established samples and experimental nature.
        1.laboratory
        Officers (with the laboratory commander), people 3 Fireworks, people 3. Ordinary (scorers, gunners and gantlangers), people 12 Nestroy various specialties, people 27
        Total in the laboratory, people 45
        2. Battery (as the former missile company was called in 1831) trained rocket personnel, conducted experiments with missiles and was ready to take part in hostilities at any time.
        The solid rocket staff did not have. Throughout its existence, until the beginning of the Crimean War, the organization of the rocket battery and its composition was constantly changing.
        By 1831, the composition of the rocket battery was approximately as follows:
        Officers (with battery commander), people 10 Fireworks, people 24 Musicians, people 3 Hornists, people 3 Private soldiers (scorers, gunners and gantlangers), people 224 Nestroy different specialties, people 99
        Total battery, people 383
        The missile battery was armed with:
        Large six-pipe machines for 20-pound missiles 6 Single-pipe tripod machines for 12-pound missiles 6 Single-pipe tripod machines for 6-pound missiles 6 Total machines 18
        Horses in a rocket battery were supposed to have 178 in wartime and 58 in peacetime. Each machine’s combat set included 12 incendiary and high-explosive rockets of various calibers
        In this form, the battery existed until 1856.
        Photo . 1856 rocket battery
      2. +1
        27 May 2020 17: 18
        It seems to me that "under the guise of" rockets and rocket launchers Zasyadko with might and main "demonstrated" Konstantinov's rockets and rocket launchers ... moreover, both in the internet and on the VO page! fool
        1. +2
          27 May 2020 17: 35
          March 5, 1850 K.I. Konstantinov is appointed commander of the St. Petersburg Rocket Plant. In 1847, he develops a ballistic missile pendulum, in 1849 he invents a diopter (sight) for mounted shooting, and in 1851 he offers the naval department a naval version of missile weapons.
          On the eve of the Crimean War, the world's first (!) Rocket with voids in a cylinder leaves the scientist’s laboratory. It has a distance of hitting a target greater than that of the most long-range gun. The principle of operation is simple: first, the powder mixture burns in one "compartment", then the inertial path of the projectile causes the mixture to ignite in the next part of the cylinder. A brilliant hunch. Only in the twentieth century, designers will come up with separating stages of ballistic missiles.

          The Crimean War claimed Konstantinov's missile shells in full. In the battles of the army of Prince D.M. Gorchakov they were used at the Danube theater of operations during the siege of Silistria. 100 missiles that remained after the capture of this fortress were sent to Nikolaev for arming coastal batteries. At the request of Adjutant General A.S. Menshikov 600 two-inch missile shells delivered in May 1854 in Sevastopol. The Konstantinov factory manufactured 20358 combat missiles during the Crimean War.
          Fig. Shooting of Konstantinov’s missiles from the windows of the barracks in Sevastopol (1855)
          1. -3
            27 May 2020 18: 34
            In addition to the super-large KVO, NURSs have a multiple of higher consumption of gunpowder for delivering to the same distance the warhead of equal weight with an artillery shell.

            Given the high price of gunpowder in the 19th century, only imperial blood could afford the manufacture of rockets laughing
        2. +2
          27 May 2020 17: 46
          Nikolaevich I (Vladimir) : It seems to me that "under the guise of" rockets and rocket launchers Zasyadko with might and main "demonstrated" Konstantinov's rockets and rocket launchers ... moreover, both on the internet and on the VO page

          Thank you for your attention.
          This is really the Konstantinov Field Rocket Camp with its rocket. The internet is full of bloopers

          Best regards
          Dmitriy
          1. +2
            27 May 2020 17: 54
            Konstantin Ivanovich KONSTANTINOV

            Konstantin Ivanovich Konstantinov was born on April 6, 1818 in Warsaw. He was the side son of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. After the war of 1812, the prince moved to Warsaw and became the de facto governor of the emperor in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1814, he met here with the Grand Opera singer Clara-Anna Laurent. A stormy romance ensued, as a result of which two children were born: daughter Constance (1814) and son Constantine (1818). The Grand Duke “thanked” the French actress, raising her to noble dignity. She became the Countess de Laurent. The children were adopted by the adjutant of the Tsarevich Prince Ivan Alexandrovich Golitsyn, who had no children of his own. The Warsaw notary Vaclav Maevsky for a decent fee recorded the fact of having children and kept a secret until the end of his life. Konstantin and Constance at first bore the patronymic of Konstantinovich, and then, to completely mask their origin, Golitsyn gives “his” children the patronymic of Ivanovich. When 15-year-old Konstantin Konstantinov was enrolled as a fireworker at the cadet branch in the artillery school, he was adopted as a volunteer, as the son of a merchant of the 2nd guild. This completely confused the tracks for his future biographers.
            On May 20, 1838, Second Lieutenant Konstantinov successfully graduated from the artillery school and was sent on a military internship to the 3rd Guards of Equestrian Artillery in the 1845rd light battery. Nine months later, he becomes a teacher of the divisional fireworks school, and in XNUMX he was appointed commander of this school.
            The young officer works tightly in the laboratory. He explores the properties of gunpowder, explosives, experiments with quick-firing tubes. Military rocket science at that time was difficult to call "military." The missiles performed well in vertical flight at a festive fireworks display, but in real combat the trajectory of the cylindrical shell fired from the machine was poorly predictable. The missile could deviate from the target in strong winds, with the untimely consumption of gunpowder, with the late actuation of the capsule, etc.
            As head of the Pyrotechnic School, and then the Petersburg Rocket Institute, Konstantinov devoted all his strength to the development of Russian missile weapons.
            Konstantinov accepted an unenviable inheritance from his predecessor. The missile institution of that time was essentially a handicraft workshop with three dozen workers. About any mass production, high quality missiles and any research work could not be considered.
            Konstantinov fervently set to work. Konstantinov’s construction machines, an automatic rocket press quickly obsolete handicraft. Soon, Konstantinov could say with satisfaction that, despite the increased demand, the missile institution is successfully coping with its task. Konstantinov streamlined the production of missiles. He introduced two main types of war missiles - high-explosive and incendiary, and instead of many arbitrary calibers of missiles, three were established.
            Improvements introduced by Konstantinov in the design of missiles, yielded remarkable results: range increased four times - from 1 to 4 kilometers. The release of rockets began to be massive and reached sizes unprecedented for that time.
            Konstantinov taught Russian artillerymen missile business not only theoretically in the pages of his works, but also practically - by showing. Pets Konstantinov - artillery officers who worked in a St. Petersburg missile institution - then commanded rocket batteries in parts of the Russian army. In the missile division of the artillery of the Separate Guard Corps, firing missiles were fired. Konstantinov proposed to organize a training missile brigade to train artillerymen in rocketry.
            In his highly acclaimed “On missiles” course, he summarized everything that was known about a war missile. The conclusions made by Konstantinov on the basis of a great deal of practical material formed the basis of a new military discipline — missile tactics.
            Konstantinov believed that rockets should be a separate, independent weapon. At the same time, he well understood that missiles should not be used in all cases of military operations and cannot displace artillery shells. He indicated where and how war missiles should be used in a war.
            January 12, 1871, the inventor died suddenly.
            Konstantin Ivanovich KONSTANTINOV: “It is my deep conviction that combat missiles constitute a weapon of particular importance for both the ground forces and the navy .... For raids on the beret, missiles are an advantageous means of destruction ... especially in terms of the convenience of operating missiles from the smallest ships and landings. In mountain warfare in trenches, missiles have an undeniable advantage. " And at the same time, a rocket will not replace a cannon, that gun artillery and barrelless artillery - missiles - complement each other. ”“ Rockets, ”he wrote,“ can never completely replace guns, but they constitute a useful auxiliary means the absence of which will always be felt with regret. "
      3. Fat
        0
        29 May 2020 01: 21
        Quote: Rich
        The Zasyadko missiles were of two types: 4-inch and 6-pound.

        I am old and sick on the head and can not understand the difference between the weight of something there and the size across.
  7. +2
    27 May 2020 09: 07
    Outstanding person. How did this rocket fly after the cone burned out? Neither confuser nor diffuser.
    1. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 01: 33
      Do you really think the schemes in the article are reliable? There are no real pictures. The diagram is not a combat missile. And something from the stock of the author. In fact, Zasyadko developed a decent system for calculating turbojet engines and even set up production taking into account the quality of gunpowders ...
      1. -1
        29 May 2020 06: 54
        Quote: Thick
        Do you really think the schemes in the article are reliable? There are no real pictures. The diagram is not a combat missile. And something from the stock of the author. In fact, Zasyadko developed a decent system for calculating turbojet engines and even set up production taking into account the quality of gunpowders ...


        Authentic. Flies nearby. Warhead explodes. What else does? The butt dying naturally annoying. But every third will explode. Already good.
        1. Fat
          0
          29 May 2020 10: 36
          Quote: sergo1914
          Quote: Thick
          Do you really think the schemes in the article are reliable? There are no real pictures. The diagram is not a combat missile. And something from the stock of the author. In fact, Zasyadko developed a decent system for calculating turbojet engines and even set up production taking into account the quality of gunpowders ...


          Authentic. Flies nearby. Warhead explodes. What else does? The butt dying naturally annoying. But every third will explode. Already good.

          This is about a Korean fire leash, probably.
          Hvachha (cor. 화차, literally - a fire cart) is an anti-personnel powder weapon used since the Japanese invasion of Korea (1592-1598) by the Korean army. The first volley fire system in the world. It was a two-wheeled wagon on which a launcher was installed with nests in which small rockets with sharp metal tips were placed. Small bombs were sometimes attached to these missiles, and their tips immediately before use could be dipped in a combustible mixture and set on fire [1]. Hwacha radius - about 450m
          wiki ...
          Zasyadko made rockets on black rocks, comparable to the missile systems of the first third of the 20th century. These systems were forgotten only because the barrel artillery had reached unprecedented effectiveness by the beginning of the century. They considered the development unjustified. As a result, everything has already returned to NURS to World War II ... Even earlier.
  8. -4
    27 May 2020 09: 40
    Missiles for military purposes began to be used by the Chinese in the Middle Ages, but the matter was limited only to signal tasks for a simple reason - missiles flew anywhere but not to the target (before the production of RS with a uniformly burning powder charge and the same type of aeroballistic hull there were still several hundred years ) And today, unguided missiles are used only to destroy area targets.

    Therefore, the Zasyadko proposal, implemented at the level of production technologies of the 19th century, was initially stillborn - it was not a Chinese toy that was required, but a material science and technological study of the design from the very basics.
    1. +4
      27 May 2020 15: 30
      Operator:Therefore, the Zasyadko proposal, implemented at the level of production technologies of the 19th century, was initially stillborn - it was not a Chinese toy that was required, but a material science and technological study of the design from the very basics.

      Why stillborn? Zasyadko was trying to recreate William Kongreve's British secret war missiles. And he quite succeeded Yes
      William Congreve (1772-1828) and was in service with the British Army in the first half of the XIX century,
      PS. Congreve rocket missile is a military missile developed by William Kongreve (1772-1828) and armed with the British Army in the first half of the 1817th century, later adopted by many other armies in the world. The first to get acquainted with missiles in India was William Congreve Sr. Russian, and his son William Congreve Jr. opened a missile production factory in XNUMX, thereby laying the foundation for European rocket science.
      Photo: Launch of the Congreve missile, East Africa, 1890

      Fig. the burning of the Copenhagen British missiles Kongriva on the night of September 4, 1807
      1. +2
        27 May 2020 15: 41
        Photo 32-pounder Congreve rocket arr. 1813 Artillery Hall. Imperial War Museum in London
        1. Fat
          +1
          28 May 2020 23: 50
          Quote: Rich
          Photo 32-pounder Congreve rocket arr. 1813 Artillery Hall. Imperial War Museum in London

          Good day. Zasyadko missiles have very little to do with Kongrev missiles. But the photo you found is excellent.
          Missile-propelled rockets had accuracy and efficiency much better
    2. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 02: 08
      And barmalei, like rockets in basements, are built from water pipes? Well, how they fly to the streets of the capital of Israel according to the ancient Korean tradition of fireworks. Not?
      The Zasyadko missiles were not much different from the German nebelwerffers, only the gunpowder was simpler.
  9. +3
    27 May 2020 11: 38
    Great person. In fact, the creator of the SZO. It’s a pity they were carried away by rifled artillery and then forgot about missiles.
    1. 0
      27 May 2020 15: 06
      For missiles that exactly hit, at least an ANN is required, and it was possible to make a compact Tokmo gyro by the 30s of the 20th century.
    2. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 00: 08
      Quote: Victor Sergeev
      Great person. In fact, the creator of the SZO. It’s a pity they were carried away by rifled artillery and then forgot about missiles.

      Never forgot. Everyone used MS. Where rifled breech-loading artillery was no place.
      It is worth remembering that Zasyadko is not only a rocket launcher, he is the founder of the artillery school and the powder industry of the empire ... His students later came up with a mortar ...
  10. +2
    27 May 2020 14: 34
    Correctly zasyadko.surname of Ukrainian origin.
    1. 0
      28 May 2020 15: 41
      He should be surprised. Being a Cossack, he did not know that he was a Ukrainian.
      1. Fat
        0
        29 May 2020 10: 45
        Quote: Victor Sergeev
        He should be surprised. Being a Cossack, he did not know that he was a Ukrainian.

        Zasyadko Alexander Dmitrievich Russian officer, general, son of the garmash of the Zaporizhzhya Sich.
        Does this change anything for us?
        1. 0
          29 May 2020 13: 24
          For me personally, no, but for Svidomo yes, they are looking for heroes, great people, but Zasyadko point blank they do not notice, although much more great?
          1. Fat
            0
            29 May 2020 14: 18
            I answer .... It is for the above reasons that We remember so little about the "Bloodthirsty brother of the Grand Duke Constantine" Companion in crossing the Alps ...
            And why they don’t notice him ...
            Alexander Dmitrievich put half of Europe into position. .. And he, by his confession, is an officer of the imperial army. ..
            Renegade type
            Generally surprising. I can not understand.
            He was underestimated by the empire, he was ignored by the USSR, he was avoided by the ukronatsists ...
  11. 0
    27 May 2020 14: 49
    The experience of using missiles in the battle of Leipzig was successful and impressed Zasyadko, who, after returning to Russia, set himself the goal of equipping the Russian army with new weapons. Work on the development of their own powder rockets, the production technology of which the British kept secret
    There was no secret. Congreve rocket samples were donated to Alexander I by the heir to the English throne, the future king George IV back in 1811. Alexander I, having studied the issue, instructed Alexei Kartmazov to develop similar missiles.
    1. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 02: 16
      Quote: Undecim
      The experience of using missiles in the battle of Leipzig was successful and impressed Zasyadko, who, after returning to Russia, set himself the goal of equipping the Russian army with new weapons. Work on the development of their own powder rockets, the production technology of which the British kept secret
      There was no secret. Congreve rocket samples were donated to Alexander I by the heir to the English throne, the future king George IV back in 1811. Alexander I, having studied the issue, instructed Alexei Kartmazov to develop similar missiles.

      Zamyadko was familiar with Congreve missiles. However, he developed a more progressive system, considering, rightly, that the system is much inferior even to modern barrel artillery.
  12. +2
    27 May 2020 15: 05
    Zasyadko and Konstantinov are the "grandfather" and "father" of Russian missile weapons.
    1. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 14: 41
      I don’t know, comrade, I’m not aware of the constant reform of artillery. Who did you have to say? Grand Duke?
    2. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 15: 20
      Quote: Bersaglieri
      Zasyadko and Konstantinov are the "grandfather" and "father" of Russian missile weapons.

      Yes. Konstantin Pavlovich plowed a private soldier when crossing the Alps, dragged a gun to the hump, being not the first number in the calculation .....
      Yeah ... Dating a useful thing ...
      And yet ... Alexander Dmitrievich was personally acquainted with Barclay and Kutuzov De Tolly conducted proving tests. According to Where were the sheep, and where was the scarecrow squared in the shelling, no one wanted to figure it out.
      Zasyadko formed units:
      Approximate composition: scorers. And engineers, lower ranks. Three to four launchers ... Service and installation engineers. Zasyadko provided that the rocket will be prepared in the field: set: warhead, the pipe itself and the flight stabilization system

      Therefore, engravings with Russian PU missiles and schemes of ammunition fake from British spies.
      They simply could not understand .... And the constructor died in May 1837 ..
  13. -2
    27 May 2020 16: 48
    Quote: Rich
    which was in service with the British Army in the first half of the XNUMXth century

    Numbered in service - full-fledged RS for areal purposes were mastered only 100 years later (see "Katyusha" and "Vanyusha").
    1. Fat
      0
      29 May 2020 02: 22
      Quote: Operator
      Quote: Rich
      which was in service with the British Army in the first half of the XNUMXth century

      Numbered in service - full-fledged RS for areal purposes were mastered only 100 years later (see "Katyusha" and "Vanyusha").

      No. They were mastered before. But only new gunpowders made possible the mass production and use of RS.
      1. 0
        29 May 2020 11: 13
        Not only gunpowder, but also a method of making them in the form of ribbons, as well as fastenings in the form of a brush.

        In addition, the uniform energy characteristics of gunpowders are very important for NURS, otherwise some NURS in the salvo will fly to the maximum range, and others to the minimum. Which required appropriate laboratory control equipment, which only appeared in the late 1930s.

        The plumage of the NURS and the hull up to the indicated point also did not differ in uniformity and stability, therefore rockets flew where God would send, including along the front and to their rear (when the hull burned out).
        1. Fat
          0
          29 May 2020 13: 49
          Quote: Operator
          Not only gunpowder, but also a method of making them in the form of ribbons, as well as fastenings in the form of a brush.

          In addition, the uniform energy characteristics of gunpowders are very important for NURS, otherwise some NURS in the salvo will fly to the maximum range, and others to the minimum. Which required appropriate laboratory control equipment, which only appeared in the late 1930s.

          The plumage of the NURS and the hull up to the indicated point also did not differ in uniformity and stability, therefore rockets flew where God would send, including along the front and to their rear (when the hull burned out).

          So yes!
          That is precisely that.
          Our descendant of free Cossacks made this problem solved. Moreover, He partly theoretically, partly empirical created a whole series of pipes and equipment systems ...
          Not for nothing I remind ... Nebelwerfer Germany is a kind of system Zasyadko ..
          1. Fat
            0
            29 May 2020 14: 02
            PS .. Perhaps it is precisely thanks to his ideas that the Establishment of the USSR does not mention him ... But first, General Zasyadko got Varna and peace with Turkey ... Well, at least until the age of 14. For RI ...
            I don’t know how it was before. But in 1828 1829s ... The Turks were scared to the point of being compliant.
  14. +2
    27 May 2020 18: 11
    As a child, I read a book about him and K.I. Konstantinov. There were many drawings and illustrations. Great book!
  15. Fat
    0
    28 May 2020 20: 19
    Sergey, Thanks for the article. I don’t know how you collected the article about the Officer (with capital letter) Zasyadko Alexander (Zasyadko). Thank you, we are silent for a long time about this, without exaggeration, the Russian SUPERofitser
    On the moon, one of the large craters is named after him. There is almost a monograph about the fate of Alexander Zasyadko ... From Nikitin .... All St. Petersburg powder factories, the Academy of Artillery of the Republic of Ingushetia, Modern ballistics and .... powder factories of the All Republic of Ingushetia ... This is his merit ...
    And you .... He launched kittens on "Mars" and for his grandmother ....
    Nikitin collected for mysticism and exploits ... and wrote "The Golden Sword" ....
    Have you seen? OH! Sad
    Alexander's father Zasyadko (Zasyadko) was a Garmash of the Zaporizhzhya Sich ... And, now, for this reason no one wants to remember the Genius. In vain ... Glushko superconstructor ..
    USSR, We know and respect. And Alexander Zasyadko (Zasyadko), who created the RI Artillery Academy and the powder laboratories of the Artvoisk Academy and St. Petersburg factories ...
    To be ashamed of the cavalier of the Golden Epee is unworthy ...
  16. 0
    29 May 2020 19: 26
    I wonder why they did not think of making stabilizers for the rocket, it seems like an obvious thing, and then there was an understanding of hydrodynamics?

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