Latniki of medieval Iran

156
Latniki of medieval Iran
Siege by the Mongols of Alamut 1213-1214 Miniature "Jami at-tawarih" Rashid ad-Din. National Library of France, Department of Manuscripts, Eastern Division.

Blade, chain mail, long spear
And a good horse - when with such an outfit
You crossed the border, they say:
Surf can not argue with a waterfall.
Rings fly off enemy chain mail
Like feathers of birds, beaten by a strong hail.
The enemy rushes about, hunted like a beast
And captivity to him is an unexpected reward.
Abu-t-Tayyib ibn al-Hussein al-Jufi (915-965) Translation from the Arabic language Volosatova V.A


Warriors of Eurasia. Readers of “VO” have probably already noticed the disappearance from the pages of the website of a series of articles on Eurasian warriors from 1050–1350 based on the materials of a two-volume monograph by the English historian Dove. Nicolas. But there is only one reason - the lack of materials for decoration. The fact is that after the last material of the cycle "Warriors of North Africa 1050-1350" such chapters should have followed: Maghrib and Sicily, Andalusia, Arabia, The Fertile Crescent, Iraq and Syria, and Islamic Anatolia. And in the monograph of D. Nicolas there are graphic depictions of artifacts and miniatures. But where to find their originals? Nicole himself worked for many years in the East: first at the Arabica Air Force, then, having received a PhD degree at the University of Edinburgh, he read for many years history Islamic and world architecture at the University of Yarmouk in Jordan, well, traveled all over the Near and Middle East, museums and ruins, churches and monasteries. Today, things have become more complicated. Many museums are simply plundered and do not function. Others do not respond to requests from Russians. The fourth on the Internet posted only their names and opening hours. It seems to be an age of information, but on many topics it is simply impossible to find. So I had to abandon many topics, unfortunately. But today we are returning to the publication of articles in the cycle and expanding its chronological framework due to the peculiarities of the development of oriental culture.




Saber Shemshire Indo-Iranian specimen, whose blade dates from 1748–1749 or 1750–1751. Iranian blade, scabbard and bandage - Indian. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

And we will talk about the warriors of Iran, including the Turks who lived in Azerbaijan and the neighboring Iranian province of Adharbajan, who appeared in this region relatively recently, as well as the Kurds of Iran, Iraq and southeastern Turkey.

The power here from 934 to 1062 belonged to the Buids, a Shiite military dynasty that managed to transform the Abbasid caliphate into the Iranian empire. Its founders were the brothers Ali, Hassan, and Ahmed Buid, who came from the highlands of Dale in Gilan (Northern Iran), who were mercenary military leaders who managed to rise during the Ziyarid dynasty. The Buids are known for adhering to the traditions of the old Persian culture, and from 945 to 1055 they even ruled Baghdad (while occupying the inherited post of Amir al-Umara, the post of Supreme Commander and Commander of the Guard of Ghouls) and most of the lands of modern Iraq. The paradox of the situation was that they did not officially recognize the spiritual authority of the Sunni caliph in Baghdad. In relation to Christians and Sunni Muslims, a policy of tolerance was carried out. Smart people. They realized that the civil war did not bode well for them. But in the second half of the XI century, the Buids nevertheless fell, becoming victims of the invasion of the Seljuk Turks and their allies.


Horseman of the Buid cavalry. Iranian 1976 History Guide Sale dovvome rahnamai, p. 29


Shemshire from Persia (circa 1800), it is made from Indian Damascus steel. The luxurious thing: small pearls are inserted into the slot near the blade, the decoration is made with enamel, gold, emeralds, “fish skin”, an ivory hilt. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York


The appearance of a warrior-dalemith Same source


Turkish toothfish or kylych. The blade dates from 1550–1551. Again, the range of such blades was very wide, there are also Armory Kremlin chamber (saber of Prince Mstislavsky). Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Interestingly, initially their power rested solely on the army, consisting almost entirely of the infantry of the Dalemit Highlanders, famous for their ferocity and love of garlic. And the Sassanids willingly used them as an elite infantry, for which they eventually paid. Moreover, the severity of weapons Dalemity did not differ.


Warriors of Iran X-XI centuries. Illustration by Angus McBride: 1 - Sassanid horseman of the X century; 2 - rider of the cavalry of the Buid dynasty; 3 - infantryman-delemite, beginning of the 4th century; XNUMX - Guardsman of the Ghaznavid army, mid-XNUMXth century

The Dalemites themselves were belligerent, but somewhat culturally backward, known for their terrifying appearance and the habit of wearing swords not only on their belts, like the Arabs, but also on the bandages, like Persians or Turks. For a long time they were known as good mercenaries. Where they just did not serve: from Afghanistan to Syria and Egypt! Their armament was quite limited, but nonetheless effective: a set of short copies and also a large, brightly colored shield. Swords, battle axes and bows (the latter, perhaps, were used by the arrows that were behind the spearmen infantry). If armor was used, then it was mainly chain mail. The tactics of the battle of the Dalemites were simple but effective: the infantry had to hold the front even during the advance. Meanwhile, the cavalry, divided into units, attacked the enemy several times, attacking and retreating in the traditional Arabic style. The horseman’s traditional weapon was the moon-shaped tabarzin ax (literally “saddle-ax”), which was also used in Fatimid Egypt.


Typical Iranian chain mail plate armor of the XVI century. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

According to their military traditions, they are very similar to the Ghulam, but they were Sunnis, so the rivalry between the two groups was very fierce.

The Seljuks, who destroyed the Buid state, were nomadic steppes, the main striking force of which were horse archers. However, having subjugated Iran, the Seljuks soon adopted its principles of forming their army. The country was divided into twenty-four military regions, each of which was under a regional command. In fact, these were the provincial military governors who had to collect, train and equip a certain number of soldiers every year, who regularly gathered in pre-equipped places to spend the summer either in training or participating in a military campaign. As for the nomadic element represented by Turkmen soldiers who did not want to settle down, they would be transferred to border areas where they acted as semi-official armed forces raiding enemy territory. In these campaigns it quickly became clear that the ghouls of the Baghdad caliphs were better disciplined, better “armored”, better trained and, as a rule, more universal as warriors. Gulam’s tactics included archery both on target and in squares, both in open combat and during a siege, and this technique required constant practice and great skill. They were also better prepared for close combat, in which they were very effective because of their heavy armor, which often included horse armor. The written sources list the equipment of these elite warriors: a spear, a dart, a sword, a bow, a mace, a lasso, a hauberk and a helmet with a hood or decorated with a horse tail, with the spear giving priority. These professional warriors were described by the Byzantine princess Anna Komnina as more knightly than even the Western European crusaders.


1050th century Seljuk warrior Fig. Angus McBride from the book by Nikolle D. “Saracen Faris AD 1250-XNUMX”

Kurds as warriors became known only at the end of the Seljukids, when they became the original basis of Ayubid power in the late XII and early XIII centuries. For a long time they were considered effective cavalry, rode relatively large horses, wore generally heavier armor than the Arabs, and their sword was their favorite weapon. Kurdish infantry is rarely mentioned, but the Kurdish cavalry was used by the Ghaznavids and served Saladin and his other heirs, as well as in Egypt and Syria. But it was in the service of Ayyubids that the Kurdish horsemen became most famous and played a very important role in the wars in the East, as they were the personal guard of Saladin.


Gulyams - armored men of the army of Saladin in a battle with the crusaders. Fig. Angus McBride


Persian horseman of the beginning of the 1050th century Fig. Angus McBride from the book by Nikolle D. “Saracen Faris AD 1250-XNUMX”

After the invasion of the Mongols and the inclusion of this region in the state of Ilkhanov, all these warriors fell sharply in terms of prestige towards the Mongols and their descendants. However, they continued to serve their new rulers, as did mercenaries from much more distant lands, including Europeans, probably mainly as crossbowmen, although some may have continued to serve as heavy cavalry. Italian sailors or marines are even mentioned in sources serving on the Black Sea; some of them were recruited for sailing on ships in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf. Some sources report that Italian sailors in the XIII century sailed even in the Indian Ocean, while being in the service of the Mongol ilkhans!


Ghazakhand's eastern armor (a), described by Osama ibn Munkiz (see also the previous figure in the upper left). It was a complex chain mail armor of several layers: the first outer layer was bright Bukhara fabric, the second layer was a “Frankish” heavy chain mail of large rings, underneath it was a cotton quilted Bukhara fabric, the fourth layer was Iranian chain mail from small rings, and, finally, under it Silk lining of Chinese silk. Osama ibn Munkyz wrote that on top of such armor for a horse attack they also put on a shell of plates (!), Which provided complete protection in the complex, but when leaving for reconnaissance at night, such a shell was removed, since the plates clattered loudly against each other. B - a button to it



Dresden Armory. Tatar saber (?) With a point for piercing chain mail

However, the following is interesting: in spite of everything, the influence of those who arrived in the lands of modern Iran and Iraq was not at all as great as it might have seemed, including in the military field. Over time, a very peculiar complex of protective armor and offensive weapons developed here. Since the rider’s main weapon was a bow, the helmets here were never completely closed. The shoulder girdle was supposed to have maximum mobility. Hence the dominance of chain mail, and with short, to the elbow, sleeves. The torso was covered with forged carapace, both front and rear, and from the sides. But, unlike the European anatomical shell, a simple “fold” was used here on loops of four plates: charayna - “four mirrors”. It consisted of a bib, a back plate and had one plate under each arm, and was worn over a thin chain mail. The hips were protected by chain mail, descending below the knees, and the knees themselves - with forged convex kneecaps. Finally, Persian kalkan shields were widely used, small in size, made of brass, iron and ... reed! And distinguished by the presence of four ombons.


Charaina - “four mirrors”, XVIII century Appeared in Persia in the XVI century. Pay attention to the amazing, engraved on it domestic and hunting scenes. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York


Iranian equestrian armor of the XVIII century. Illustration from the book “Cavalry. The history of fighting elite 650BC - AD1914 »V.Vuksic, Z.Grbasic

Well, then on the expanses of the Persian state, centuries of unrest began. Who only did not come here and did not fight here!

Only with the capable and energetic Nadir Shah (1736-47) did the state manage to be brought into relative order, which made it possible to have a disciplined army, consisting mainly of cavalry. He first defeated Turkey, then recaptured the Caspian coast from Russia, which gave him the opportunity to fight Afghanistan, from where a new threat was coming from the Pashtun tribes or the Gilja. In response, he entered Afghanistan and took Kabul. Then he captured Lahore and Delhi along the Indus valley to the Arabian Sea, then again turned north through Kandahar and Turkestan, and captured Bukhara and Khiva.


Iranian-Turkish soldiers of the 1th century: 2 - infantryman from Western Anatolia in the first half of the 3th century, XNUMX - Turkish horseman-ghazi, first half of the XNUMXth century, XNUMX - Turkmen horseman in the beginning of the XNUMXth century Fig. Angus McBride

The Persian army participated in this large-scale campaign, consisting of equestrian nobility (an analogue of the local cavalry of pre-Petrine Russia), light nomadic cavalry, infantry and artillery. Moreover, from the end of the XNUMXth century, infantry and artillery units appeared in it, which had firearms and were trained by European instructors. However, the tactics and equipment of the cavalry remained the same, although the quality and beauty of armor, chain mail and sabers reached their zenith in the XNUMXth century. The main weapons of the Persians of the upper class at this time were a light spear, composite bow and saber. They also used a mace and short steel spears carried in a case.

References

1. Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1–391.
2. Nicolle, D. Arms and Armor of the Crusading Era, 1050 - 1350. UK. L .: Greenhill Books. Vol. 2. pp. 219-251.
3. Vuksic, V., Grbasic, Z. “Cavalry. The history of fighting elite 650BC - AD1914. " pp. 148-149
4. Nicolle, D. Saracen Faris 1050-1250 AD.L.:Osprey (Warrior No. 10), pp. 1-48

To be continued ...
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  1. +3
    6 May 2020 06: 23
    Interestingly, the bifurcated spear tip from the third drawing moves apart on impact and spring back? Maybe even collapse and water hammer?
    1. -18
      6 May 2020 07: 34
      the pictures in the Rashid ad Din's Annals are fakes created to distort the image of the people living in those days.
      We have already talked about this, but Shpakovsky persists in opinion, although he is not able to show in which edition these miniatures are.
      1. +5
        6 May 2020 07: 41
        "Jami at-tawarih" Rashid ad-Din. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des manuscrits, Division Est. Vous y allez, ...., et nous trouvons tout. Vous pouvez contacter le chef de service et lui poser toutes vos questions.
        1. -15
          6 May 2020 07: 46
          you can write whatever you want, prove it.
          1. +7
            6 May 2020 08: 01
            Here is just write to the National Library of France)
          2. +7
            6 May 2020 08: 08
            Quote: Bar1
            you can write whatever you want, prove it.

            Like, defeat the coronavirus, open the borders, and take me to France, hire a translator and take me to the library?
            1. +4
              6 May 2020 13: 09
              By the way, there specifically for the period of virus quarantine until May 14, the remote search system SINDBAD was opened. Just for those who want to work with them remotely ...
            2. +7
              6 May 2020 13: 18
              Quote: Tlauicol
              defeat the coronavirus, open the borders, and take me to France

              Show the person the map where Rashid ad-Din would be drawn, with Jami at-Tavarih in his hands, so that there were visible pictures and the signature should be, excluding any doubts. Maps are generally the only source of reliable historical information, and only those where Tartaria is depicted.
              Do you have a map with Tartaria and Rashid ad-Din? No? Well, what to talk about with you then?
              laughing wassat laughing
              1. +5
                6 May 2020 15: 37
                Quote: Trilobite Master
                Show the person the map where Rashid ad-Din would be drawn, with Jami at-Tavarih in his hands, so that there were visible pictures and the signature should be, excluding any doubts.

                And he will tell you that it was the official historians who deliberately falsified the portrait of Rashid al-Din with Jami at-Tavarikh in his hands, having heated pictures in it. And the signature was also forged (after all, it is clear that the old signature was painted over!). But in fact there, in the purest Russo-Tartar language, it was written: "Men, Rashid ad-Din, on Jami at-Tavarih a picture is drawn by emas. Mamai I swear!" tongue
                1. +3
                  6 May 2020 16: 05
                  Is "Emas" something like a male genital organ? I just understand the oriental languages ​​Yaman. Keel mandy, yakshi belme and yaman chump are my limit. laughing
                  And about this character - yes, there’s only a lobotomy here, which has been repeatedly noted by colleagues. It would have been reprogrammed lightly, and launched by the Americans, it would have brought benefits, reducing the general intellectual level of their population, and so ...
                  but that’s what it is, that is.
                  1. +3
                    6 May 2020 16: 55
                    Quote: Trilobite Master

                    Is "Emas" something like a male genital organ?

                    laughing Nearly. "Emas" is negation, something like a particle "not". Emas draws - did not draw.
                    1. +3
                      6 May 2020 18: 00
                      Thanks. And then it becomes a shame - a Tatar historian, not an emasa, I don't know. Well, now hang on to the world community. "I will gutar without tenderness" with the Tatar pseudo-historians - emas you and all the yakshas. laughing
  2. -3
    6 May 2020 06: 30
    ,
    then recaptured the coast of the Caspian Sea from Russia, which gave him the opportunity to fight Afghanistan

    It was very briefly: in the 19th century, Persia was defeated, the north of Iran fell under the influence of Russia and in the beginning of the 20th century the Caspian Sea became practically the inland sea of ​​Russia.
    1. +2
      6 May 2020 08: 49
      According to the pre-war plan approved by Nicholas II, northern Iran, populated by Turkic-speaking Azerbaijanis, was to become part of the Russian Empire.

      What Stalin tried to implement in 1946, but refused under pressure from the United States, which at that time had a monopoly on nuclear weapons.
    2. DDT
      0
      13 May 2020 17: 20
      Quote: Olgovich
      , It was very briefly: in the 19th century, Persia was defeated, the north of Iran fell under the influence of Russia and in the beginning of the 20th century the Caspian Sea became practically the inland sea of ​​Russia.

      Well, they didn’t sit for 100 years, then Iga wasn’t ... crying
  3. +4
    6 May 2020 07: 21
    Good morning friends and good day to all! hi
    Thanks to Vyacheslav Olegovich for the new article. There is a question, the second picture below shows
    Iranian equestrian armor of the XVIII century. Illustration from the book “Cavalry. The history of fighting elite

    If this is exactly the XNUMXth century, then where is at least some gunshot? Are they going to fight the European armies with hatchets and chain mail? Kind of weird. It’s beautiful, but at that time it’s completely not functional, especially since you write
    Moreover, from the end of the XNUMXth century, infantry and artillery units appeared in it, which had firearms and were trained by European instructors.
    And the cavalry means nothing, how stuck in the XIII century, and "not a step forward"?
    They have at least something changed, I mean the equipping of riders?
    1. +5
      6 May 2020 07: 28
      Uncle Kostya! hi
      But is there any reason to change something, if this, on a regional scale, works so well?
      1. +7
        6 May 2020 08: 00
        Hello Anton! hi
        So it's one thing in your region, but what if someone comes from another to "visit"? laughing
        1. +5
          6 May 2020 08: 07
          In order to work for the future, you need to realize this perspective.
          1. +5
            6 May 2020 08: 09
            What is it about? That's why the question was asked. wink
            1. +4
              6 May 2020 08: 16
              It turns out that he himself answered. The Middle East until the middle of the 18th century is a "thing in itself".
              1. +5
                6 May 2020 09: 11
                The Middle East until the middle of the 18th century is a "thing in itself".

                But now "all of itself" laughing I mean, nowadays you won’t get bored with them, only instead of Kalash’s bows and Faustpatrons. request
                1. +5
                  6 May 2020 09: 23
                  If this gopota were not funded from outside, for them even now karmaltuki would be considered as prodigals.
                  1. +4
                    6 May 2020 09: 36
                    So yes, you can't argue with that. And they don't care who they take money from, we are all wrong dogs for them. Today they cut some, and tomorrow with no less pleasure already these. Mentality ... I will not go on, otherwise they will be soldered for "inciting". soldier
                  2. +3
                    6 May 2020 09: 52
                    Hello Anton!
                    Why from outside? They have oil)).
                    1. +2
                      6 May 2020 16: 42
                      Albert! hi Well, you know the situation there better than anyone else! You don't suppose that the "cannon fodder" of the barmaley are UAE citizens, do you?
                      1. +1
                        6 May 2020 17: 33
                        They are the finances of the barmalei)). In addition, the main source of financing in the occupied Cheon \ green territories are taxes that are ripped off by them from the population of the controlled settlements. Moreover, according to a very competent, in my opinion, Russian correspondent in Syria, Yevgeny Poddubny, a part of the population who prefers a traditional and primitive way of life is not opposed to the authorities and the payment of taxes, respectively.
        2. +7
          6 May 2020 11: 52
          So it's one thing in your region, but what if someone comes from another to "visit"?

          the picture shows very well the armament of the two non-commissioners - front and back - halberds. In the 18th century they had this form. It was possible to even align the system, and crack a negligent subordinate pole under the ass, so that he would walk more vigorously on the buckshot! Perhaps the front officer lacks an esponton in his hands. hi The last to introduce such weapons in the Russian army was Pavel Petrovich.
          1. +5
            6 May 2020 12: 00
            Hi, Nikolay! hi
            So Pal Petrovich, as they say, tried to copy Friedrich in everything, and the picture just shows the attack of the Prussian infantry, the idea of ​​Esponton? laughing drinks
            1. +9
              6 May 2020 12: 06
              So Pal Petrovich, as they say, tried to copy Friedrich in everything

              Pal Petrovich spent almost twenty years in Gatchina, while his mama's lovers wiped their feet on him. The only thing - I went to Europe, and I looked at Friedrich. I compared the order and the degree of respect for the person of the monarch, and for his person in Russia ... At this point, you will inevitably want to bring Catherine's nobility "to the stick"! angry
              ide esponton?

              probably, under Gross-Egersdorf personally Rumyantsev selected! request And he broke a stick ... crying
              1. +5
                6 May 2020 12: 15
                I can’t, Kohl, as soon as I hear the name of Rumyantsev, Bender-Zadunaysky instantly pops up! That's all my life it haunts me and I can not do anything. wassat
                1. +6
                  6 May 2020 12: 18
                  I can’t, Kohl, as soon as I hear the name Rumyantsev

                  there is a very good historical novel "Kutuzov" by Rakovsky. By the way, Pikul later transferred some scenes from it into his novel "To Each His Own".
                  http://militera.lib.ru/bio/rakovsky/index.html
                  EMNIP, it describes that Rumyantsev at one time was deeply offended by the young Mikhail Illarionovich - he blurted out something without thinking. what Since then, the future winner of Bonaparte and learned to keep his mouth shut! wink
                  1. +6
                    6 May 2020 12: 24
                    Kohl, what are you talking about? With all my respect and patriotism, in what battle did Kutuzov defeat Naprleon? As Averchenko once wrote, “Napoleon, entering Russia, constantly endured victory, but I didn’t hear about defeats. request
                    1. +9
                      6 May 2020 12: 29
                      With all due respect and patriotism, in what battle Kutuzov defeated Napleon

                      And where does the battle? bully You can "lead on points" as much as you like, and then lie down from the knockout. Be that as it may, there was a "great army" - and there is no "great army" of the model of 1812. request
                      And in what battle did Napoleon defeat Kutuzov? (Not to mention Austerlitz, there Leksander Palych and "friend" Franz made a mistake! stop ) drinks
                      1. +5
                        6 May 2020 12: 54
                        And in what battle did Napoleon defeat Kutuzov?

                        So I didn’t say that he defeated him, but under Borodin the battlefield remained for Bonaparte, and you know how the victories were counted in those days. Another thing is that he lost the war with Russia, but Waterloo was not here. smile
                      2. +5
                        6 May 2020 12: 59
                        but under Borodino the battlefield remained behind Bonaparte

                        yes but Bonaparte didn’t reach either its the main goal - the defeat of the Russian army. If I had achieved - everything, "legs up the hill", there is no one to defend Russia!
                        Another thing is that he lost the war with Russia

                        yes, history judged that the "great emperor" died in St. Helena, and his only friend was the girl Betsy Balcombe, with whom "Bonnie", as she called him, willingly fiddled with, and to whom he taught a number of subjects ... hi
                        Matured Betsy:
                      3. +4
                        6 May 2020 13: 04
                        "Bonnie" in his old age was carried away by a nymphet, without serious adultery, I hope. wink
                      4. +5
                        6 May 2020 13: 06
                        "Bonnie" in his old age was carried away by a nymphet, without serious adultery, I hope

                        he was carried away there by the wife of his close associate, Madame Montolon, according to rumors. They write different things, including dirt. No. Girl .. no, I think he just didn’t have enough children! hi
                      5. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 12
                        Nobody bothered him to live differently. In another way, he could not, and there was nothing to be sad about. Man himself forged his fate and history. Peace be upon him. Amen. drinks
                      6. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 35
                        They write different things, including dirt.

                        Leonem mortuum etiam et catuli mordent.
                        Even puppies bite a dead lion.
                        Publius Sir
                      7. +7
                        6 May 2020 13: 55
                        Even puppies bite a dead lion.

                        Alexey, I just offhand somehow looked at extracts from someone's memoirs about Montolonsha. In general, like .. "something" they still had. request But we won’t kick Bonaparte! stop man-era, whatever it may be! soldier
                      8. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 59
                        Once Stalin was informed that Marshal Rokossovsky had a lover - the famous beauty-actress Valentina Serova. What are we going to do with them now? Stalin took a pipe from his mouth, thought a little and said:
                        - That we will, that we will ... we will envy!

                        It’s always hard for great people to live from envious people!
                        Especially after death ...
                      9. +6
                        6 May 2020 14: 04
                        - That we will, that we will ... we will envy!

                        This is my favorite historical joke about Joseph Vissarionovich. By the way, Serova and Rokossovsky then unlocked - they say, there was nothing! stop
                      10. +4
                        6 May 2020 14: 08
                        In the negotiations, there was debate about the post-war borders, and Churchill said:
                        - But Lviv has never been a Russian city!
                        “And Warsaw was,” Stalin objected.

                        I say - the Great is always hard from envious people!
                      11. DDT
                        +1
                        13 May 2020 17: 25
                        Ai there was no great army ... Kuttuz-khan defeated the Mongolian troops and lay down, or what about Fomenko? wassat
                      12. 0
                        13 May 2020 17: 26
                        Kuttuz-khan defeated the Mongolian troops and lay down, or what about Fomenko?

                        honestly, Fomenko did not read, but anything can be assumed. Although reptilians with haplogroups of the wrong system!
                      13. DDT
                        +1
                        13 May 2020 17: 30
                        lol What is true is true. I don’t understand why Nadir Shah pressed the north of Iran and Transcaucasia from the Republic of Ingushetia, at a time when the Republic of Ingushetia did not smell close there? And what does Berezino and the armored men of medieval Iran have to do with it ?! wassat
                      14. 0
                        13 May 2020 17: 31
                        why Nadir Shah pressed the north of Iran and Transcaucasia from RI

                        and the jester knows him. I need to ask Nadir.
                        And what does Berezino and the armored men of medieval Iran have to do with it ?!

                        word for word ... wink
                      15. DDT
                        +1
                        13 May 2020 17: 41
                        lol Let’s better talk about the naturous beauties of Crete ... and more interesting and informative and more pleasant bully
                      16. +1
                        14 May 2020 09: 32
                        and more interesting and informative and more pleasant

                        oh, how right you are .... winked
                    2. +5
                      6 May 2020 13: 26
                      Quote: Sea Cat
                      With all due respect and patriotism, in what battle did Kutuzov defeat Napleon?

                      Since French is in high esteem here today, I will answer like this: C'est Beresina. smile
                      1. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 58
                        C'est Beresina.

                        Mikhail, as you turn it around, it will be so. In response, they will say that Kutuzov came too late, Wittgenstein was deceived, and Chichagov frowned. wink Here it is necessary to judge by the total. drinks And the result is the same catch phrase that you mentioned, which entered the French language in the same way as the Swedes - "Poltava", and the Germans - "Stalingrad". hi
                      2. +4
                        6 May 2020 14: 16
                        That is why I used it in French. smile Whoever said anything about this battle, and the French determined its outcome as clearly as possible. smile
                      3. DDT
                        0
                        13 May 2020 17: 26
                        Et, qu'est-ce que s'est passé à Beresina? Pourriez vous me rafraishir la memoire?
                      4. +6
                        6 May 2020 16: 54
                        Nothing of the kind, under Berezin, he suffered another, and the last, victory in Russia. laughing
                2. +5
                  6 May 2020 16: 46
                  Bender-Transdanubian instantly pops up!
                  "Pan Ataman Gritian Tauride!" (C) laughing
                  1. +5
                    6 May 2020 16: 58
                    It is not necessary to equate the cute Osu with all gangster trash.
                    1. +4
                      6 May 2020 17: 10
                      Oh, excuse me, uncle, "holy" touched !!! feel feel laughing
                      As for me, the "icons of the genre" are J. Peters and E. Tucker. From the Present, D. Ocean.
                      1. +4
                        6 May 2020 17: 30
                        Everything ingenious is immortal, and these two blockheads are indisputable! good
            2. +4
              6 May 2020 17: 01
              "And Captain Mikhailov is a noble in the image of the late Emperor Pavel Petrovich. It happens that he builds up serfs on a pasture, picks up a half-seated drin and drives them to a herd of cows. While saying:" Keep the line! "and swearing squarely at the negligent" (From denunciations)
              1. +2
                6 May 2020 18: 08
                "And Captain Mikhailov is a great figure of the late Emperor Pavel Petrovich.

                Emperor Pavel Petrovich could have been saved if the commander of the main guard had not lost his head - too executive, but narrow-minded captain from the "Gatchina". Zubov gagged him, and the captain took the soldiers to the guardhouse.
                Sablukov's memoirs:
                https://readli.net/chitat-online/?b=928290&pg=15
                The main guard in the courtyard of the castle (as well as the external sentries) consisted of a company of the Semenovsky Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich regiment and was under the command of the captain, of the Gatchins [66]
                Explanation: 66 Captain Paker, who previously served in the Gatchina Naval Battalions. According to gr. Langeron, "all the soldiers and officers of the guard of the Mikhailovsky Palace were consecrated secret, except for the commander of the guard, Paker, an insignificant and stupid German."
                Letters from Nikita Muravyov:
                http://www.hrono.ru/libris/lib_m/mu_ap_pav1.html
                The main guard was held by Captain Mikhailov with his company. He was a Gatchina, a worthy example of these officers: rude, illiterate, and a drunkard. The soldiers of this guard also raised a murmur that they were not led to calm the noisy. Lost, Mikhailov turned for advice to Ensign Konstantin Markovich Poltoratsky, who was with him on guard. Understanding the essence of the matter, he replied that he did not dare to give advice to his commander.
                Mikhailov led the soldier out of the guardhouse. Climbing up the front staircase, on its platform, he met Count Zubov and asked: “Captain, where are you going?”
                Mikhailov replied: "Save the sovereign."
                The count gave him a good slap in the face and ordered: "To the right around." Mikhailov, with due obedience, took his soldiers to the guardhouse.

                Muravyov during those events still walked under the table. All that I heard - from someone else's talk. Sablukov wrote his memoirs after many years, in England, and in English. But the compilers had comments and clarifications - probably, they took the words of Langeron, who was also not present, but heard Palen's story. Therefore, the surname of the incompetent captain remains open. hi
                1. +2
                  6 May 2020 18: 17
                  Well, well, in more detail about the ensign Konstantin Markovich Poltoratsky? This surname is very interesting to me!
                  1. +2
                    6 May 2020 18: 24
                    Well, well, in more detail about the ensign Konstantin Markovich Poltoratsky? This surname is very interesting to me!

                    Anton, I think, can be found in the internet. A lot of people wrote their memoirs about that night, and no one said - "I personally killed!" Most of it is a retelling of other people's stories. Bennigsen, just like that Figaro, tried to absolve himself of responsibility. Like, "it's not me, I even left the room"!
                    In general, most of all it is worth believing Sablukov, as the most disinterested. On the other hand, when he talks about the dispute between Paul and Zubov, who demanded that he sign the renunciation:
                    The emperor, full of sincere desire to bring happiness to his people, to preserve indestructibly the laws and decrees of the empire and to administer justice everywhere, entered into a debate in Zubov, who lasted about half an hour and which, in the end, took on a stormy character.
                    this raises questions! Well, there wasn't that long. Everything was decided in a matter of minutes. Would a drunken, frightened crowd drag out the showdown with Pavel for half an hour, when at any moment they could be "covered"? hi
                    1. +2
                      6 May 2020 18: 41
                      Poltoratsky are generally interesting to me, in connection with the relationship with the Olenins.
                      1. +2
                        7 May 2020 11: 22
                        Poltoratsky are generally interesting to me, in connection with the relationship with the Olenins.

                        well, and what should I do? request in the sense of how to move a noble knight to become a minstrel from history, moreover from normal history that is "free" from the great tartars and super-ethnic groups? hi
                      2. +2
                        7 May 2020 17: 20
                        Nothing to do. Everything will grow together in due time.
    2. +6
      6 May 2020 07: 38
      Good morning! Why be surprised if both the samurai and our local cavalry before Peter shunned firearms. It was the same in Iran ... but why is it a noble horseman? His great-grandfather’s armor, he saved a new saber, gave 5 mares ... and also to buy this stinky and dirty his hands in gunpowder? There is infantry from the boors!
      1. +8
        6 May 2020 08: 08
        There is infantry from the boors!

        These louts of noble knights were buried. laughing
        1. +5
          6 May 2020 08: 10
          Exactly!
        2. +10
          6 May 2020 12: 04
          These louts of noble knights were buried.

          not really, Konstantin. I mean, I’ll concretize! drinks They were buried not just by "these here", but by "these", who began to get lost in gangs with a clear organization and their own tactics, plus their own types of weapons and armor. hi

          With the divided roles of arquebuzirs and pikemen, under the guidance of competent infantry officers, one had to try to defeat them.
          Instead of undisciplined knightly squads and a somewhat armed militia consisting of dull villans, from the mid-end of the 14th century, professional infantry entered the battlefield. And these people are exactly what KNOW THE PRICE! soldier They also "ruined chivalry". hi
          1. +5
            6 May 2020 12: 17
            And the pictures are that yours and mine are almost the same, change your uniforms and banner and everything will come out that way. laughing
            And - no, the gunshot decided everything, and do not argue with me, young man! drinks
            1. +5
              6 May 2020 12: 24
              And - no, the gunshot decided everything, and do not argue with me, young man!

              If about chivalry, then everything was decided by the interconnection of organization-tactics-weapons (and firearms, including, of course! drinks ) And the gunner decided to fight when the bayonet finally came into fashion. That's when the infantry, with proper construction, got the opportunity to fight off the cavalry. fellow And then - pikemen lasted almost until the middle of the 18th century, and in the territorial and irregular troops - even longer. hi
              1. +5
                6 May 2020 13: 00
                ... pikemen lasted almost until the middle of the 18th century ...

                Well, the inertia of the military military is well known that generals, that admirals (almost everything and everywhere) have always been preparing for the last war. Semen Mikhailovich, even after the forty-fifth year he considered the cart to be the best weapon of all time. request
                1. +6
                  6 May 2020 13: 04
                  Semen Mikhailovich

                  Before his death, Semyon Mikhailovich admitted that he always wanted to be a farmer ... To each his own. Budyonny is not an indicator! hi Rather, he even somewhat stood out from the galaxy of generals. By the way, he was absolutely not stupid, he insisted on the timely withdrawal of troops from the "Kiev pot". soldier
                  1. +5
                    6 May 2020 13: 10
                    My father worked with him immediately after the war, or rather under his leadership. Horse breeding trust of the Stavropol Territory of the USSR Ministry of Horse Breeding, his father was the director of this office. How Syoma led and how he solved all the problems, dad used to say: mate, yes fist, that's all the leadership. His father did not notice his great intelligence. "... that from the manner you can see the habit of horses." (from). drinks
                    1. +6
                      6 May 2020 13: 11
                      As Syoma directed and how he solved all problems, Dad popularly told: checkmate, yes fist, that’s the whole guide.

                      hmm .. valuable information, Konstantin! good bow down
                      1. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 18
                        It's a pity I don't have a hefty blue velvet album full of photographs, official and not so, here, otherwise I could have posted something. By the way, in the film "Brave People" both "father's" horses and real grooms were filmed, it was funny to hear how my father, pointing his finger at the screen, spoke, but this one (called the name) rolled you on Abrek, and I was only a year then ... Father was transferred to Moscow and this film was shot after our departure.
                      2. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 23
                        By the way, in the film "Brave People" both "father's" horses and real grooms were filmed, it was funny to hear how my father, pointing his finger at the screen, spoke, but this one (called the name) rolled you on Abrek, and I was only a year then ... Father was transferred to Moscow and this film was shot after our departure.

                        Our esteemed Konstantin, here, one asks - "Why are we silent as a Belarusian partisan?" soldier There are such memories! Already on the article! good But this is valuable, do you understand? To give a picture of how people lived with these memories. By the way, such articles are read "with a bang" - everyone loves to remember their life. Yes
                        No, as from Viktor Nikolaevich - everything must be dragged with ticks! drinks
                      3. +6
                        6 May 2020 13: 31
                        ... you have to drag everything with ticks!

                        In-in, this is your whole animal predatory essence ... not to put a bottle! laughing drinks
                      4. +7
                        6 May 2020 13: 51
                        no to put a bottle!

                        to everyone who could write, put a bottle - there’s not enough glass containers, it’s easier to bring an alcohol line to each with a tap and a counter. wink
                      5. +4
                        6 May 2020 13: 53
                        Yeah, with a counter ... Mercantileness is above all, and Muscovites are hated for their vile character. Where are we to the children of the "cradle of all revolutions". laughing
                      6. +5
                        6 May 2020 14: 00
                        Mercantility is above all, and Muscovites are also blamed for the vile character.

                        Phil has a very cute character! drinks
                        Where are we to the children of the "cradle of all revolutions".

                        yeah yeah! Let's be measured by cities and other things! laughing
                      7. +5
                        6 May 2020 14: 04
                        Let's be measured by cities and other things

                        In figs! You and Anton better come to me when the mess ends, we sit at a table in the garden and from the bottom of our hearts we will measure into how much you fit. wink drinks
                      8. +6
                        6 May 2020 14: 10
                        and from the heart we’ll measure ourselves into whom it fits.

                        always like that .. Only you want to cleanse karma, enlighten, become Bodisattva, but no, they are literate tempters, then ardent, and then women ... recourse It turned out only to be ennobled by Francis of Assisi with his austerity! request
                      9. +5
                        6 May 2020 14: 20
                        ... then it’s fermentative, and then women still ...

                        Note, I was not the first to talk about women "(almost S.) stop
                        But if you so want:
                      10. The comment was deleted.
                      11. +7
                        6 May 2020 15: 16
                        But if you so want:

                        ... said Constantine, looked out the window, at the pond and three graceful laughter splashing with laughter, and licked his lips, like the Emperor Bokassa on "sugar pork" ... winked
                      12. +6
                        6 May 2020 15: 19
                        Damn, I have deja vu, about Bokassa it seemed to be about pork too. I'm going to brew coffee.
                      13. +2
                        6 May 2020 19: 18
                        we will measure in whom it will fit.
                        "" Ha-ha "(three times)", as they say in the theater circles of St. Petersburg!
                      14. +3
                        7 May 2020 17: 09
                        They didn’t revolve in theatrical circles; here, more and more according to the working-peasant custom, it is customary here. I mean, they take it to the chest. drinks
                      15. +4
                        6 May 2020 19: 12
                        So! Counted as collision! For you, Uncle Kostya, to pile an alcohol pipeline from St. Petersburg to Ryazan? So no question! I'll do it, Nikolai will document it. You will go through the documentation as "Artificial Educated Living Intellect Constantine" (hereinafter "IOZHIK") Agree?
                      16. +3
                        7 May 2020 17: 13
                        The arrival is not counted, only the arrival is counted. According to the documentation, I already passed in due time in the Office, but I just don't know what kind of "Jozhik" they glued to me. So I don't agree even once.
                      17. +7
                        6 May 2020 15: 13
                        Where is the text of at least 8000 characters? So the question must be raised !!! Or we’ll cut off our ears and stop the tail!
                      18. +7
                        6 May 2020 15: 21
                        Where is the text of at least 8000 characters? So the question must be raised !!! Or we’ll cut off our ears and stop the tail!

                        Hmm .. Vyacheslav Olegovich, where do we start? hi Your offer has found a response! soldier Against the cocky General Augereau of the Sea Cat tanker, of course, I will not survive .. recourse Marshal Davout Viktor Nikolaevich will crush me myself .. stop but to poke a lazy Anton, who with the stubbornness of a maniac refuses to write - always welcome! drinks
                      19. +6
                        6 May 2020 16: 32
                        Quote: kalibr
                        Where is the text of at least 8000 characters? So the question must be raised !!! Or we’ll cut off our ears and stop the tail!

                        So them, lazy unscrupulous! Correctly! They don’t catch mice at all, just scribble comments for free!
                        Be ashamed, colleagues! Everyone has a syllable and intellect and knowledge, and they are exchanged, like small children, for hehanki and khahanki. Already on one small article could argue. Even without pictures - we will survive, we are strong.
                        And don't need this - don't! The fact that you are blushing in front of the monitors and tearing your hair in all places out of shame does not bother us as potential readers and will not worry. "Text at least 8000 characters" to the studio or then repair your karma torn to shreds yourself, burst into tears of regret about the unfulfilled and tell your children and grandchildren about how you could, but did.
                      20. +3
                        6 May 2020 19: 23
                        Okay, demons ... Sami asked for it.
                      21. +6
                        6 May 2020 15: 46
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        put a bottle!

                        We know these excuses. No. It is impossible to write without a bottle, and with a bottle it is no longer possible. laughing
                        I agree with Nikolai - ticks and rods! A bottle, or even more than one, is already in the process of discussion, not earlier. smile
                      22. +6
                        6 May 2020 16: 00
                        I agree with Nikolai - ticks and rods!

                        The caliber said a truly incendiary slogan! fellow
                        A bottle, or even more than one, is already in the process of discussion, not earlier.

                        Do not take care of yourself, Mikhail, do not take care at all! laughing all think of the motherland! drinks
                      23. +4
                        6 May 2020 16: 11
                        Quote: Pane Kohanku
                        all think of the motherland!

                        Yes! Yes
                        For:
                      24. +5
                        6 May 2020 16: 45
                        Kolya, let's start with you! "We have a road everywhere for the young ..." Can't you throw out the words from the song, when will the article be? fellow
                      25. +6
                        6 May 2020 16: 50
                        Mikhail, it’s good that you don’t become like the famous sadist Shpakovsky, he generally offered to deprive me of my ears and tail. Well, I didn’t think of anything else (yet), otherwise I was already brutalized there, in my Penza. You see what writing work brings to ... crying
                      26. +4
                        6 May 2020 17: 51
                        Quote: Sea Cat
                        Well I didn’t think of anything else (yet)

                        Thought, a sinful thing, slipped through, repent. feel But, in my deep conviction, to deprive a person (or a cat) of something follows only for what has been done, and not for what has not been done. Someone will write an article on the topic of pseudo history, I will be the first to suggest "cut, cut to hell, without waiting for peritonitis." And lazy people - only in karma, let them suffer morally. smile
                      27. +2
                        6 May 2020 19: 33
                        Drop it, uncle! This is human envy, but bright, in my humble understanding.
                        For this, I remain, my nephew sincerely loving you!
                      28. +3
                        7 May 2020 17: 15
                        Somehow about bright envy, doubts arose. request
                      29. +3
                        6 May 2020 17: 54
                        I had another Muse of writing texts - not a bottle laughing
                      30. +3
                        6 May 2020 18: 38
                        A bottle cannot be a muse. Just an incentive. In the style of "I'll add a glass, but for now, no, no." I don't even want to talk about other drugs. And do not persuade. smile
                      31. +3
                        6 May 2020 19: 38
                        Everyone had this muse. Another thing is that I wrote my first serious text on the wave of dislike for a woman.
            2. +3
              6 May 2020 17: 46
              Yes, hell with two! The junior officers decided everything!
              1. +4
                6 May 2020 18: 19
                Yes, hell with two!

                Even three! Army, aviation fleet.
                The junior officers decided everything!

                No, my friend - non-commissioned officer !!!
                Based on this, General Seeckt and formed the German Reichswehr. And when, at the right time, he became the Wehrmacht, the non-commissioned officers became officers, and the corporal - non-commissioned officers. And, with a "light movement of the hand", a small professional army became the strongest, and, perhaps, not only in Europe.
                So yes! I’ll say without false modesty: any army holds on to us, non-commissioned officers! Any officer without the support of sergeants is worth little. The Americans have long thought of this, and they have another sergeant receiving a salary higher than some colonels. But that’s nothing, we, too, didn’t blow our nose for our Soviet chervonets and we can do something. soldier
                1. +3
                  6 May 2020 18: 31
                  Did I mind somewhere? In my perception, a normal sergeant, a normal army, is equal to a lieutenant. By the way, Americans appreciate it. They and a three-star general can give honor to a sergeant.
                  1. +2
                    6 May 2020 18: 57
                    I talked about this, and smart officers knew us perfectly well who we could really rely on.
                    When young flyers arrived from the school, my company built them in the company office, called us, sergeants, and made a very short speech: "Here are your sergeants, how will you live with them, so your service will go!" Almost everyone heeded it, and whoever did not get it was already clearly visible after a couple of months. My captain's name was Gennady Ionovich Andrianov, he was a cool man and clever. good soldier
          2. +5
            6 May 2020 14: 03
            I’ll add, and the impoverished nobility who did not hesitate to go into the infantry and stand next to the common people, I'm particularly talking about Spanish hidalgo)
            1. +7
              6 May 2020 14: 07
              and the impoverished nobility who did not hesitate to go into the infantry and stand next to commoners, I in particular about the Spanish hidalgo

              in fact, the main units in the New World consisted of such! hi Yes, and the Landsknechts also participated in the search for Eldorado - Ehinger, Federman, Hoermouth. drinks
      2. +6
        6 May 2020 11: 59
        our local cavalry before Peter abhorred firearms
        Maybe someone abhorred, but nobles and children of the boyars had a duty to have firearms. Here, for example, is a quote from the royal letter to the governors of 1637:
        "... Many noblemen and boyar children go to battle with only pistols, but they don't hold carbines and long squeaks to the pistols, and that short fight to the Tatar battle without carbines is thin and short; and who ride with pistols, and they would go forward to those pistols they held carbines or squeaked for long, but with one pistol alone, no man was in the regiment. But those who ride from the Saadaki, and those with the Saadak, would have had pistols. possess, and those would be in the Saadaks, and those people would not follow them without the Saadaks, and those people would have long squeaks or good carbines "
        1. +4
          6 May 2020 15: 15
          Quote: alebor
          who travel from Saadaki, and those with Saadak would have pistols each. And which people will be with them in the regiment, and ride with saadaks and wield archery, and those would be in the saadaks, and those people would not follow them without saadaks, and those people would have long squeaks or good carbines "
      3. +4
        6 May 2020 14: 23
        Quote: kalibr
        and our local cavalry, before Peter, shunned firearms.

        Good afternoon, in the 17th century, the Russian local cavalry still massively switches to firearms, this is evident from the categories: if in the 16th century it is mainly saadak in the inventory, then in the 17th century the number of onions rapidly decreases to a minimum percentage and then mainly in the provinces and so are pistols and carbines.
    3. +9
      6 May 2020 08: 20
      Konstantin I welcome
      I will express my opinion:
      1. and during the 18th century. in arming riders associated with nomadic culture, a firearm could be absent. Just saying: while the gun is reloaded, the archer will release a few arrows, so this is not a problem.
      2. On one of the paintings of Vereshchagin there is a similar horseman in the 19th century, also without a firearm.
      And the cavalry means nothing, how stuck in the XIII century, and "not a step forward"?

      3. But it is difficult to agree with this thesis, it seems to me that the development was significant, again, just for modern Western researchers "everything looks the same."
      I can exaggerate, but the details are not enough, hence, by the way, torment for weapons collectors and a paradise for fakes.
      Iranian weapons were popular in both Turkey and Russia, with their own production centers.
      Although, of course, the weapons of the 13th and 17th centuries had significant development, even "rings" on chain mail, and what to say about swords and sabers, in the same 13th century swords prevailed, with the presence, of course, of sabers, I write according to archaeological data), and in 17 swords of course were not used, etc.
      1. +4
        6 May 2020 08: 57
        Hi Edward! hi
        ... in the armament of riders associated with nomadic culture, a firearm was absent. Just saying: while the gun is reloaded, the archer will release a few arrows, so this is not a problem.

        That's right, but here the starting point is "nomadic culture", in the European armies of the XNUMXth century, cavalry was one of the main types of troops, but there were no bows.
        1. +7
          6 May 2020 09: 12
          That's right, but here the starting point is "nomadic culture", in the European armies of the XNUMXth century, cavalry was one of the main types of troops, but there were no bows.

          Quite so, but with the Russian noble militia, bows were used both in the XNUMXth and early XNUMXth centuries, although judging by the discharge books, of course, the firearm was used in large numbers, the riders had more than one pistol.
          After the Time of Troubles, due to impoverishment, they were forced to apply.
          The Europeans fought little against "nomadic" cultures, I want to say the tactics of the battle were very different from the one that was to lead the Russian noble militia against the Tatars.
          Although, there was a war with the Turks, and all the light cavalry: both the Hungarians, the Poles and the Croats, and the Serbs, used a bow along with a firearm.
          Or, for example, the Indians in the United States.
          The bow was relevant as long as it could compete in reload speed with firearms, plus relative relative cheapness, traditions and inaccessibility of technology.
          1. +5
            6 May 2020 09: 21
            The bow was relevant as long as it could compete in reload speed with firearms, plus, relative cheapness, traditions and inaccessibility

            Well, yes, that’s the whole point: Rate of fire and low cost ... And with the advent of this:

            In short, Lobengulla could tell how it is with spears and bows on a machine gun. I'm talking about the Cecil Rhodes raid.
            1. +4
              6 May 2020 12: 18
              The Chinese boxers were no better!
              As Comrade Chapaev used to say - with bare heels and a saber ...
              Only scrap against scrap!
              hi
              1. +4
                6 May 2020 12: 26
                Hi Aleksey hi , when I wrote this post just about "bare heel on the checker" and thought. smile
                1. +3
                  6 May 2020 13: 28
                  Hi Constantine! hi
                  This is the interest - the states were only in the north of Africa, and even then with the help of various conquerors. The Arab states, like China and India, were engaged in petty strife and stopped in technical development. And only "kicks" from the "occupying colonialists" from Europe shook up the East and Asia ("Japan" was the first to wake up).
                  1. +4
                    6 May 2020 13: 49
                    ... ("Japan" woke up first).

                    Alexey, do you mean the raid of Commodore Matthew Perry, who ended the Japanese policy of "isolation"?
                    1. +3
                      6 May 2020 13: 56
                      And the Portuguese and the Spaniards weren't the first at this "feast"?
                      1. +4
                        6 May 2020 13: 59
                        There were, of course, but, in my opinion, they had a slightly different motivation, and the time, and the situation, too.
                      2. +4
                        6 May 2020 14: 02
                        But the beginning was laid, as with the colonization of India and China. And indeed throughout Southeast Asia.
                        This later the Spanish colonies began to take over the British and French. And then by the Americans.
                      3. +5
                        6 May 2020 14: 07
                        Well, our ancestors didn't get bored either. How did Lieutenant Khvostov "set their brains" to the same Japanese from his frigate "Juno", however, then he was already in the service of the Russian-American Company, and it had its own fleet.
                      4. +5
                        6 May 2020 14: 13
                        How did Lieutenant Khvostov "set their brains" to the same Japanese from his frigate "Juno", however, then he was already in the service of the Russian-American Company, and it had its own fleet.

                        But unlike the Chinese, the Japanese then learned their lessons and then handed them out to their teachers "for nuts"! We started with the Chinese, continued with the Russians, and then the Dutch and the British with the Americans were shown "where the crabs winter." True, they thus "ripped their samurai navel"! But this is how the Anglo-Saxons themselves taught them ...
                      5. +5
                        6 May 2020 14: 24
                        It is well said about the "samurai navel", I am still stuck rereading what was under Midway.
                        A cry of a Japanese officer: "These planes are not driven by American alcoholics !!!" (from). laughing
            2. +4
              6 May 2020 14: 39
              And with the advent of this

              I wonder what were the horizontal pointing angles of this machine gun? what
              1. +4
                6 May 2020 14: 46
                But hell knows! There, instead of a vertical screw, some kind of chock is substituted, so it's hard to say how it was in the complete set. But in the form in which it is - twist it and twist it as you like until your hands get tired, and in this case there should be a second number, and then a third, etc., change the main tape and loop out of it until the trunk will not melt. good
                1. +3
                  6 May 2020 15: 19
                  Overheating the trunk - this is the key bar of the restriction, as PC was repairing with an overheated barrel, and thought, oddly enough, about Maxim.
                  I "held" a lot of exotic things in my hands at the service, but I didn't get to the maxim
                  1. +6
                    6 May 2020 15: 26
                    It didn’t work either, although several boxes were sent to us from the factory with a complete set: the body of a machine gun, an unassembled machine, spare trunks and a bolt, everything was in pushhal, a box with boxes, tapes (without cartridges) in them, I brought in him, but it didn’t work out, although there was an idea. He, go on, and to this day rolls around in the storeroom with un drilled trunks. At least I did not drill them then.
                    1. +4
                      6 May 2020 15: 33
                      Yes, gun grease is still a "substance". lol
                      At least I did not drill them then.

                      We mutilated by welding.
            3. +6
              6 May 2020 15: 15
              YEAH!
              There is an easy answer to a difficult question,
              We have Maxim - they don’t have it laughing
      2. +5
        6 May 2020 15: 09
        Quote: Eduard Vaschenko
        one of Vereshchagin’s paintings has a similar horseman in the 19th century, also without a firearm.

        Greetings to Edward! I will say more: Vereshchagin has more than one such picture:


        And not only Vereshchagin:
        1. +3
          6 May 2020 15: 16
          Greetings!
          Thank you!
  4. -1
    6 May 2020 08: 37
    I didn’t know that the 18th century, according to the author’s reckoning, refers to the Middle Ages - purely specifically chronicity, however bully

    PS Stupid Persians still advertise their "country of the Aryans" as a state with a 2500-year history, despite the fact that motley Akhamenid, Parthian, Sassanid, Arab, Seljuk, Mongolian and Azerbaijani states managed to exist in the territory of modern Iran. ...
    Persians and Azerbaijanis speaking the Indo-European and Turkic languages, respectively, are ethnically close peoples (the basic haplogroup J2), but fell under different invaders - the Black Sea Aryans and Central Asian Turkmens.
    1. +4
      6 May 2020 15: 20
      Quote: Operator
      The author’s 18th century dates back to the Middle Ages -

      In a number of areas of the East, the Middle Ages continued until 1935!
      1. -4
        6 May 2020 15: 52
        Apparently - and in Penza too laughing
        1. +2
          6 May 2020 18: 17
          Quote: Operator
          Apparently - and in Penza too

          I will say - it will be!
  5. +8
    6 May 2020 09: 33
    And we will talk about the warriors of Iran, including the Turks who lived in Azerbaijan and the neighboring Iranian province of Adharbajan, who appeared in this region relatively recently, as well as the Kurds of Iran, Iraq and southeastern Turkey.
    Obviously, talking about "the warriors of Iran" in relation to the period of the X-XIV centuries and the territory outlined by the author is still incorrect. Here the definition of "warriors of Greater Iran" is more appropriate - a historical region that at different times was under Iranian cultural influence.

    Geographically, Greater Iran includes the entire Iranian plateau, south of Central Asia; (Bactria) and the Pamirs in the northeast; Afghanistan and West Pakistan (Suleiman Mountains) in the southeast and east; Kurdistan, the country of Zaza, Syria and the Caucasus in the northwest.
  6. +4
    6 May 2020 10: 39
    an army consisting almost entirely of infantry from the Dalemit Highlanders, famous for their ferocity and love of garlic

    Chemical weapon? laughing
    1. +3
      6 May 2020 14: 54
      Or maybe they also "helped" from the devils? laughing
      1. +4
        6 May 2020 17: 59
        Scared off vampires))
        Father-in-law grew up in Georgia, he said that local Azerbaijanis always carried garlic in their pocket
        1. +3
          6 May 2020 18: 26
          On a fig so that the wife does not smell the wine?
          1. +2
            6 May 2020 21: 10
            Do not know laughing Maybe, in case you need a snack in the dining room. Apparently, Georgian food seemed to them not spicy enough)).
            1. +4
              6 May 2020 21: 50
              Everything is simple. To Georgian vampires, the appeal of the victim to Allah is violet, for they are in a different paradigm. And garlic, although a weak remedy, but universal.
    2. +5
      6 May 2020 22: 14
      an army consisting almost entirely of infantry from the Dalemit Highlanders, famous for their love of garlic

      Quite strange, because in Islam the attitude to garlic is quite special.
      From the Qur'an: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said the following regarding garlic: “Everyone who ate onions and garlic should not approach the mosque (until the smell of these vegetables passes)! If you want to eat, then boil it, eliminate the smell! ”(Bukhari, 5452; Muslim, 564; Abu Dawood, 3822)
      There are certain rules regarding the use of onions and garlic in Islam. If a person uses these and similar products, observing adabs and rules, there will be nothing reprehensible in their use, and there will be no question as to whether or not angels will enter his house
      More details: https://islam-today.ru/veroucenie/ovosi-i-frukty-upomanutye-v-korane-cesnok/
      1. +2
        6 May 2020 22: 57
        If a person uses these and similar products, observing adabs and rules, there will be nothing reprehensible in their use, and there will be no question as to whether or not angels will enter his house
        ---------
        Most likely observed
        In addition, there is adat - local traditions. Perhaps these violations were not considered very egregious)). And from the 10th to the 30s of the 20th century, fundamentalism among Muslims was not respected, the observance of absolutely all the requirements - respectively
        1. +5
          6 May 2020 23: 13
          Albert hi
          But it turns out strange, the forum is full of Muslims, and only you and I, who have nothing to do with Islam, noticed this inconsistency
          1. +3
            6 May 2020 23: 16
            laughing
            With all due respect to Muslims, for the most part, Russian-speaking followers of Islam "float" in religious matters, as for Arabic - even I, with my patrol-post knowledge of the language, can give most of them a head start)).
  7. +6
    6 May 2020 23: 12
    In the caption to the illustration, the Warriors of Iran of the X-XI centuries mistake: 1 - not the Sassanid horseman of the X century, but the Samanid horseman. In the original English so it is written. And what kind of Sassanids can be by the XNUMXth century?
    1. The comment was deleted.
    2. The comment was deleted.
    3. +2
      7 May 2020 16: 13
      Quote: Yaitsky Cossack
      In the caption to the illustration, Warriors of Iran X-XI centuries error

      The article is generally full of errors. Both small, like the one you indicated, and large, principled. For example, to describe the 10-13th centuries and provide illustrations for the 17-19th centuries is, to put it mildly, not correct for a serious article. There is absolutely no justification for this. Even erroneous ones, like "especially persistent tradition".
    4. +1
      7 May 2020 17: 07
      The font was very small. And think ... alas, no. Yes, sometimes. It’s good that there are such attentive people like you.
  8. The comment was deleted.
  9. 0
    8 May 2020 14: 19
    I did not understand, but how did the Sassanids pay for the use of dileymites?
    For some reason, the caption to the first illustration indicates that there is a Sassanian horseman of the 10th century. In the 10th century, there were no Sassanids for 300 years already. They were demolished back in the era of the "righteous caliphs."

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