Dreams about the lunar program

61

The approaching Cosmonautics Day can be considered the next anniversary of not only the first manned flight into Earth orbit, but also the proclamation by our country of intentions to take the next far-reaching step in space exploration - to begin the implementation of the lunar program, which has no equal in scale and impudence. In fact, for the first time these ambitions were voiced in a newspaper publication under the heading Russian Space 6 years ago by Dmitry Rogozin, then still deputy head of government. It remains only to ask: how close have we come to the moon over the years?

First of all, I must admit - all the studies of the natural satellite of our planet, in fact, have been minimized and frozen for almost half a century. In fact, the interest of mankind in the moon has faded since the end of the series of manned flights to it within the framework of the Apollo program carried out by the United States in 1975. The last Soviet interplanetary spacecraft - Luna-24 was launched just a year later - in 1976. Since then, the peace and quiet of the distant lunar mountains and plains are not disturbed by either astronauts or technology abandoned from our planet.



Will the Americans resume something like Apollo? Periodically, such calls are made there, however, according to the apt expression of the same Rogozin, our main competitors in the space race are in the grip of “shy things” - they themselves do not know where they are going to arrange an expedition.

Everything should start with sending to the satellite a series of spacecraft, all the same “paused” “lunar series”, with indices that continue it. After examining the future “bridgehead” for the Luna-25 space expansion, as well as on 26, 27 and, if necessary, other probes of the Luna-Resource project, we can talk about preparing for manned flights. Literally at the end of last year, the head of Roscosmos confirmed - after 2030, the Orel (former “Federation”) ships should rush to the moon with the help of super-heavy Yeniseis, first as a test, without crew, and then in manned mode.

From about 2031, cosmonaut flights in the “lunar direction” should become annual, marking the beginning of the next stage of the program - the development of the Earth’s satellite and the creation of a permanent base there, which should begin its activities, tentatively, after 2040. With the success of the first reconnaissance flights, they plan to build this facility from 2034-2035. By that time, not only the first “field” modules, designed for astronauts, but also the take-off and landing complex and even a special “fleet” of specially designed moon vehicles should already be placed on the lunar surface.

All this sounds, of course, bewitching, but the question is, to what extent are all these ambitions realizable in practice? At the end of last year, speaking about the cost of a superheavy launch vehicle alone, Dmitry Rogozin announced the amount of 700 billion rubles. And now, how realistic is it to find such funds in the current, to put it mildly, not very favorable economic situation for Russia? Alas, we do not know how much damage our country will suffer from the “oil war” and the resulting drop in energy prices, what it will cost us to fight the coronavirus epidemic, and how the global financial and economic crisis that will follow will affect our internal affairs.

It is worthwhile to understand that the lunar program is far from being only rockets and spaceships never seen before. It is also the development of a host of other things, without which all flights and even landing will again turn into an ordinary propaganda show with dubious practical effect and perspective. We are talking about the many necessary components - from the same methane rocket engines to ultra-compact nuclear installations and special lunar spacesuits for our pioneers.

So, can you forget about the moon? No! And it’s not at all because we certainly need to “wipe our nose” with the Americans. Although ... Russia, which is the cradle and homeland of world cosmonautics, is simply obliged to regain its primacy in it. However, the main thing, of course, is not this. The exploration of the Moon should be only the first step on the path of mankind to completely new, unprecedented and alluring horizons of deep space, to its future. Why should this step be taken by someone, not our children and grandchildren?
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  1. +7
    25 March 2020 14: 07
    Or check or padish.
    The next fantastic stories from the journalist Rogozin, how spaceships will plow the Bolshoi Theater.
    1. +12
      25 March 2020 14: 21
      At the end of last year, speaking about the cost of a superheavy launch vehicle alone, Dmitry Rogozin announced the amount of 700 billion rubles. And now, how realistic is it to find such funds in the current, to put it mildly, not very favorable economic situation for Russia?

      I think now it will not be up to the moon ...
      1. +3
        25 March 2020 14: 23
        I think now is not up to the moon.

        On the contrary, now many things have become, "like the moon" .... cancer ...... Yes
        1. +9
          25 March 2020 15: 01
          Solid space experts gathered here.
          They didn’t even reach the sofa level - a zero amount of information.
          Here on this author’s channel, there are many explanations of modern and future space technology ....


          1. -2
            26 March 2020 10: 34
            Quote: Neptus
            They didn’t even reach the sofa level - a zero amount of information.
            Reports from the "man in the street", as the author of the video describes himself, emphasizing that his enthusiasm solely for the pleasure of the topic, is already an "iron argument". There are many projects and layouts, no less good impulses and desires. But, most importantly, where in this topic on the space "tug" is the answer, how will the crew be protected? For those who have already reached the "couch level", with not zero "reading", I would like to quote the words of Vladimir Putin to the question of who will fly to Mars.
            «By car. Why? Because everyone is planning flights to Mars, but few people knowthat in today's conditions and in today's spaceships living cell is unlikely to fly. It's just that a living cell in such a rigid space, in the far, is not protected by a spaceship. Probably, everything is changing and, probably, such opportunities will appear, but there are problems so far. Therefore, so far, probably, research will still be carried out using technology. ” 2017.04.03. interview with S. Govorukhin


            In this regard, all the "flights" not of astronauts, but of astronauts to the Moon are childish babble, an impudent but well-worked falsification, which was played up by the former leadership of the USSR for American "cookies". This was a monstrous mistake for us, the momentary pluses were not worth the strategic, long-term minuses, which did not in the least contribute to the ideological defeat, as a result, and the very death of the Soviet Union.

            In general, according to the launch trajectory declared by NASA to the Moon, even if they had real equipment and proven technologies, all of their "not cosmonauts" would have died from the maximum dose of radiation, when passing back and forth through the most dangerous places of the Earth's radiation belts, about which the Yankees then they knew little, if at all, what it was like to return from real space orbit to Earth. They wouldn’t jump like goats, as if they were returning from the resort, with the "technology" of diapers and rag spacesuits. This is despite the fact that all flights had to take place at the maximum activity of the Sun during that period.
            1. The comment was deleted.
      2. +5
        25 March 2020 15: 30
        I think in 2035 it will not be up to the moon. Russian cosmonautics reset to zero long ago. Remains the ISS, communication satellites, GLONASS, military satellites. In interplanetary research probes, we are decades behind the United States. Moon research is carried out by China, Japan, Israel, and we read fantastic stories and observe space theft on the East and in Roscosmos.
  2. 0
    25 March 2020 14: 10
    The exploration of the Moon should be only the first step on the path of mankind to completely new, unprecedented and alluring horizons of deep space, to its future.

    It will, but on the path of mankind freed from money-grubbing and capitalist morality. There are doubts that alien Indians are waiting for them on the dusty paths of distant planets, rejoicing in “beads” and “mirrors”.
    It is worthwhile to understand that the lunar program is not only unprecedented rockets and spacecraft. It is also the development of a host of other things, without which all flights and even landing will again turn into an ordinary propaganda show with dubious practical effect and perspective.

    It should be understood that any program that does not promise "kickbacks" and the ability to remove from the budget in your personal pocket is initially doomed to failure.
    Profit, profit, profit ...
    Wait, now TV channel GDP should mark the milestones of Russia's further "prosperity". On the channel "Russia 1" Skabeeva scalded all ankles ... lol
    1. +6
      25 March 2020 14: 14
      Quote: ROSS 42
      Wait, now TV channel GDP should mark the milestones of Russia's further "prosperity". On the channel "Russia 1" Skabeeva scalded all ankles ...

      In this case, stock up on validol .. for fairy tales will be broken about harsh reality ..
      1. -2
        25 March 2020 16: 17
        So it seems only about the coronavirus will speak. The talking head did just that.
        But let's listen to the "primary sources" so to speak ... Then I would like to discuss ...
  3. -1
    25 March 2020 14: 15
    And for what ??? what are Russia's ambitions? So that the oil price would be bigger ... to buy on the foreign market cheaper everything that we ourselves do not ... and Russia does not do almost EVERYTHING ....
    A one-time program can be ... and the long-term prospect is foggy ...
    1. -7
      25 March 2020 14: 24
      Russia already does everything from pins to reactors satellites and rocket engines since last year they added the production of the first domestic high-power gas turbine for the energy sector. And the moon has great commercial prospects in terms of the production of rare-earth metals which metal meteorites have brought to the moon for billions of years, who will be the first to do so and have a cake worth tens of trillions of dollars.
      1. -2
        25 March 2020 14: 30
        Today, Russia does not have a healthy goal-setting related to human development. Society. Moreover, it entirely depends on the countries of the first order. In this situation, independent decisions in the global order are impossible.
        I do not see a self-sufficient Russian production ... able to solve all the problems that have arisen.
        1. -1
          25 March 2020 14: 53
          As a vivid example of an independent decision, the return of Crimea to Russia is another example of assistance to Syria in the fight against terrorists and militants sponsored by numerous Western countries. But there was no complete self-sufficiency and will not be in any country in the world.
          1. -6
            25 March 2020 14: 58
            Quote: Vadim237
            As a vivid example of an independent solution, the return of Crimea

            This is a major defeat. Instead of uniting our people. A center of tension was artificially created ...
            Quote: Vadim237
            But there was no complete self-sufficiency and will not be in any country in the world.

            I know one country. Which was able to achieve this ....
            1. +1
              25 March 2020 17: 55
              You do not know such a country since there is never and never was.
      2. +2
        25 March 2020 16: 05
        Quote: Vadim237
        Russia is already doing everything from pins to reactors satellites and rocket engines to them

        even in this list the ship and tank engines are absent ... and there are no machine tools ...
        1. 0
          25 March 2020 17: 36
          Something you simply do not know - for machines, refer to the STAN on CNC consoles for Balt Systems in St. Petersburg. At the expense of diesel ships to Kolomna they have just the new D500 line after 2021 should go into series.
    2. -1
      25 March 2020 14: 27
      Quote: apro
      And for what ??? what ambitions does Russia have?

      What claims to Russia's ambitions can a person who writes the word "Russia" with a small letter?
      1. -4
        25 March 2020 14: 34
        Quote: Less
        What claims to Russia's ambitions can a person have who writes the word "Russia" with a small letter

        Do you distinguish between respected ambitions and real opportunities?
    3. +1
      25 March 2020 14: 29
      Quote: apro
      What are the ambitions of Russia?

      Russia has no ambitions. She has only an expression of regret and a deep and correct understanding. The economic structure in the country is such that we will live in poverty, even if gold flows in our streams. You think it over! The most ardent desire for power is IT ??? What should ultimately happen as a result of their many years of effort?
      Russia has its own standards for everything. I have already seen how the family of the command in Sayn-Shand fleeing on official vehicles ... Coronavirus will now be cleaner than a fire in army warehouses.
      1. -13
        25 March 2020 14: 49
        You are talking about your poverty in Russia with others, recently there was a survey and it shows that 70% of the respondents do not belong to poverty.
        1. +4
          25 March 2020 17: 31
          Quote: Vadim237
          You about your poverty in Russia fill others

          I don’t pour about my poverty and don’t pay that I personally don’t have enough money. My lifestyle is humble. I eat varied, but without frills. Of the annual trips, I prefer summer bike rides around the city and the Boulevard. Summer pool on Red.
          And I indicated my income in the second line.
          But!!! I thought that it would not be difficult for you to strain your brains and, thinking at your leisure, decide for yourself who is and is voting on the VO site? Here is not the poorest contingent. My wife has a pension of 13 rubles. Uncle Nikolay in the village - a pension of 393 ... Mother, 68 years old, will turn 8 on April 700 - 85 ...
          And if you conduct a survey on Rublevka, there the numbers will be much "cooler."
          And further. I do not seek to impress my interlocutors with a lie, and I have nothing to invent - what we have, we are content with that. But you definitely know everything ...
          1. -6
            25 March 2020 17: 46
            This is not the poorest contingent - but most of them cry about the poor, and I’ll say with more confidence that these philanthropists don’t do a damn thing in life. I also have a great, excellent welder, a pension of 8k with copecks, he cooks self-employed with argon-arc welding in his garage or on the road, income from 50 to 100 and above to per month - according to official statistics, he is a poor checkmate and obscene to Rosstat - who considers everyone on an official . You can strain your brains.
      2. 0
        27 March 2020 23: 35
        I’ll tell you a secret. No one has ambitions. There is a banal drank dough. Read about the cost of SLS / Artemis. Mask? Just got alongside / running a screen. NASA threw him another dough for the delivery of goods to the future Gateway (which there is no near-moon station and most likely will not). But the grandmother has ears and Musk has born another cartoon. Leave all this talk about ambition. People stuck their nose out from under the covers of the atmosphere and realized that there was absolutely nothing to do outside. Most likely the Earth is not only the birthplace of life, but also its grave.
  4. +6
    25 March 2020 14: 15
    Since then, the peace and quiet of the distant lunar mountains and plains are not disturbed either by astronauts or technology abandoned from our planet.

    They forgot about the Chinese, author.
  5. -1
    25 March 2020 14: 17
    And what is there to do on the moon, look at the earth? I do not understand. Until engines on new physical principles appear, we have nothing to do there, we can only throw money out.
    1. +2
      25 March 2020 14: 31
      Quote: Free Wind
      Until engines on new physical principles appear, we have nothing to do there, only throw money.

      Do not throw, dear, and engage in the regulation of financial flows. lol
    2. +1
      26 March 2020 09: 22
      And what is there to do on the moon, to look at the earth?

      It's not even about new engines, but about long-term goal-setting - "Why go there? What will ultimately pay for the whole banquet?"
  6. +4
    25 March 2020 14: 22
    Since then, the peace and quiet of the distant lunar mountains and plains are not disturbed either by astronauts or technology abandoned from our planet.
    Two Chinese "jade hares" are bothering her, and the second of them is right now.
  7. -3
    25 March 2020 14: 26
    So can you forget about the moon? No!
    As soon as we get to the Moon, an article will immediately appear on VO, followed by comments on the topic "Well, have we already solved all our problems that we are flying to the Moon?" ...
    1. +7
      25 March 2020 14: 38
      Unfortunately, we won’t get anywhere. There are no prerequisites for this.
      1. -5
        25 March 2020 14: 44
        Quote: ultra
        We won’t get anywhere

        I am not so pessimistic. Another thing is that I do not see at the moment the urgent need for the exploration of the moon.
      2. -2
        25 March 2020 14: 55
        One is - a heavy missile for such flights and its components based on Union 5 have already begun to build.
        1. +1
          25 March 2020 16: 11
          Union 5 is not yet there and when will it be a mystery covered in darkness. And on its "components" something has already begun to be built there. You don’t find it. What is it strange?
          1. -2
            25 March 2020 17: 47
            Soyuz 5 assembled propulsion system RD 171M tested.
  8. +7
    25 March 2020 14: 26
    About Rogozin and Putin will not fly. Money will master, but .....
  9. +3
    25 March 2020 14: 30
    Freshly tradition but hard to believe.
  10. 0
    25 March 2020 14: 37
    It turns out that the Apollo series of flights ended in the year 75. Another ten years will pass and it will turn out that the Americans have been there since the time of Christ to this day.
  11. +2
    25 March 2020 14: 54
    Yes, the moon and the Earth are clearly visible!
  12. +4
    25 March 2020 15: 06
    Author, your becoming - complete nonsense.
    And I understand that writing propaganda articles is possible, necessary and useful, but the performance, the author, is lame for all of your 10 fingers with which you typed this text. Or maybe two fingers, the author. Maybe you figured it with two fingers? Not, I think, one - average. You got such an article - good.
    Now on business:
    1. The USA’s lunar program, which lasted from 1961 to 1975 of the last century, set at least two goals: to show that the USSR in space is second at best, and also to explore the moon’s potential for both settlement and development of its resources. The Americans coped with both tasks. The USSR really lost in this race and after that began to lose pace in space exploration, and as for the exploration of the moon, this is simply not profitable for the capitalists. And not just “now” is not profitable, but not profitable in the 20, 30, 40-year term.
    2. Is the base project on the moon useful for us, despite the obvious financial inefficiencies? Oh yeah! Like any mega-project, this is an extremely powerful social driver, it is an impetus for our space industry, it is an opportunity to pour new blood into the industry - young, ambitious, hardworking guys who want to do a big, general, interesting thing, it will wake up thoroughly covered with mud and dust collectives of allies and make 60+ specialists finally discuss something sensible, and not another political big top. BUT. Not with such leadership as an industry or a country. Do you seriously believe that a graduate of Moscow State University (journalism faculty) and the University of Marxism-Leninism, a doctor of philosophical (let) and technical (wah ?!) sciences, Mr. Ragozin can organize and implement a project of such complexity? I doubt it. He can arrange a salary at the level of the director of NASA, arrange his relatives too, but hardly a job of this level. The breed is not the same. As for the GDP, it has completely different tasks that are almost not connected with outer space, although something cosmic has been happening lately - our Valentine will not let us lie, yes. So if you start broadcasting about the lunar program from blue screens, you should know that they have already come for your money.
    3. And who can, who wants to implement such a program? Well, you know the answer, of course. This is China. Such a program will make it a space power number one. Han has people, opportunities, specialists, and will. Experience is still not enough - but this is a business. And most importantly - they have a working government structure that allows them to solve problems of any complexity and difficulty - the coronovirus is an example for you. They need the Moon for status, because it can be significantly more important than the despicable metal that China will earn.

    And we? What are we? We are successfully slipping into Russia, which we lost, in the year 1913 from R.Kh., into a new Empire, into which Skomorokhov so does not want, and from that hole to the Moon, oh, how far!
    I think so.
  13. +1
    25 March 2020 15: 43
    I don’t know how and what is there, but the Moon needs to be mastered. Yes
    I even made my contribution to this difficult task - I became the owner of a plot of 70 hectares with coordinates 64 ° –68 ° s. w. and 0 ° –4 ° c. e. on the surface of the moon. The place is good, in the North Pole area. The temperature at a depth of 1m is only minus 35 Celsius. Been on Earth, where the conditions will be worse. In a word, we wait, sir ...laughing
  14. +4
    25 March 2020 15: 48
    when you do something you need to ask the question "why?". Live there? Develop technologies. And on earth it is impossible? Siberia calls takto ... with no population density. So develop farming technologies in Siberia and living conditions. At least there is no need to bring air there! And in general, there is no Internet 5 kilometers from a major road. Build a local starlink at least.
    1. -1
      25 March 2020 16: 00
      Oh, you down to earth man, Last centurion wink . And where is the flight of thought, the dream of the future?
      I visited places and on the Earth that it was necessary to import everything there, but for about 9 months I couldn’t get there at all. No.
      Starlink? In Siberia? Yes, local providers with shoe laces will eat me up. They are sitting on a gold mine - selling traffic, it's like buying pasta per ton, and selling it by meters. hi
    2. -4
      25 March 2020 17: 53
      There are a lot of rare-earth metals to mine there and they are almost iron meteorites on the surface that can be melted directly on the surface of the moon in vacuum electric furnaces, since pure iron in them can reach up to 95% of the total mass.
      1. 0
        28 March 2020 09: 04
        You do some hint that this is "banter", otherwise people will think that this is true. hi
        or are you really crap?
        1. 0
          28 March 2020 11: 40
          This is not a mockery, but technological truth meteorites have bombarded the lunar surface for billions of years, a huge amount of rare earth metals has accumulated in its pure form, since there is no soil erosion on the moon, all this material is on the surface, now there are no technological problems to create robotic complexes for the extraction and delivery of iron meteorites, since there is a vacuum on the lunar surface, melting plants will not need vacuum pumps - the entire infrastructure can be delivered using the Yenisei super-heavy rocket and its more load-carrying Don version. To deliver the received material to the Earth, you can make the same cruising space haulers with reusable cargo capsules; the same ships will deliver fuel to the surface of the Moon for take-off reusable capsules with cargo; docking to the ship in a lunar orbit; sending the ship to Earth dropping the capsules at a given point landing on parachutes then the launch of the capsules from the Earth to the carrier vehicle and again in a circle - so that the entire system is completely reusable, you can create a reusable first stage on the basis of the Soyuz 5 rocket, which they want to do in the future - the cost of maintenance and fuel after 2030 is all really possible to make the most important element we need an extra-heavy rocket; all other elements can be created right now - there are tens and hundreds of trillions of green materials on our satellite and all this with minimal costs for mining and processing.
  15. +1
    25 March 2020 17: 17
    Quote: Bearded
    ISS left

    I think that soon the ISS will be flooded, and the end of our space program. We learned how to go into near orbit on a royal rocket. And the USSR still flew somewhere, but retired or retired personnel. They will recover the payload from them, maybe our military will throw something. hi
  16. AB
    +2
    25 March 2020 18: 08
    Dmitry Rogozin ... And who is this? Academician? Outstanding development engineer? Maybe a super-duper manager, like Lavrenty Palych? Yes, noooo, but Doctor of Philosophical Sciences !!! Dukhtor and Khfilosov, damn it, in one bottle. Also, they found someone to listen to.
  17. +4
    25 March 2020 18: 09
    Author:
    Alexander Kharaluzhny
    The exploration of the Moon should be only the first step on the path of mankind to completely new, unprecedented and alluring horizons of deep space, to its future. Why should this step be taken by someone and not our children and grandchildren?

    Let us put aside the interests of all mankind, as we are not interested, and first try to understand that modern Russia is not even half of the economy of the USSR, but much less. Therefore, however much we would like to dream of deep space, it’s time to look at all the lunar programs, at least from the point of view of what they will bring to our people. And if everything is calculated, then we can conclude that it’s time not to build illusions about the exploration of the moon, but rather to deal with the near space and our orbital group in the first place. Everything else will wait - for some reason I’m sure of this, no matter how they convince me of the great prospects of the lunar programs. We do not have a cheap carrier to seriously consider the Moon as an object of our expansion, and it is time to come to terms with this. That's when it appears, then we'll talk about lunar programs.
  18. +1
    26 March 2020 04: 30
    Quote: Neptus
    Solid space experts gathered here.
    They didn’t even reach the sofa level - a zero amount of information.
    Here on this author’s channel, there are many explanations of modern and future space technology ....



    Yeah, Konanykhin is a famous expert. It was this hipster in suspenders who argued that Falcon9 would not be able to fly, because he had calculated everything on his knee.
    And he once again such a schiz climbs.
  19. 0
    26 March 2020 04: 35
    Quote: Vadim237
    This is not the poorest contingent - but most of them cry about the poor, and I’ll say with more confidence that these philanthropists don’t do a damn thing in life. I also have a great, excellent welder, a pension of 8k with copecks, he cooks self-employed with argon-arc welding in his garage or on the road, income from 50 to 100 and above to per month - according to official statistics, he is a poor checkmate and obscene to Rosstat - who considers everyone on an official . You can strain your brains.

    Learn the methodology of Rostat and do not invent yourself what you do not know.
    1. -1
      26 March 2020 12: 06
      And I don’t think of anything they think on the official - and few people tell you real income you don’t need any tax problems on this side income or salary in the envelope are silent.
      1. 0
        27 March 2020 05: 15
        Not considered official. Do not write nonsense.
        Go to the Rostat website and familiarize yourself with the methodology.
  20. 0
    26 March 2020 15: 06
    China is likely to land on the moon in the near future. Neither Russia nor the United States will get there. The reason is the simplest: a lot of money and 10 years deadline. Not a single head of state subscribes to this, because the term at the helm is limited, you can’t quickly produce a cool result, and your competitors will inflate this. And China, whatever one may say, is a totalitarian country, it can invest in the long term.
    1. -2
      28 March 2020 09: 18
      When will you all calm down? Nobody flies anywhere, "projekts" help to cut the budget both here and over the hill.
      PS: What impressed me about the Apollo project?
      When rescuers opened the hatch of the capsule with the astronauts they staggered back. Inside, there was a terrible stench - that is how a toilet toilet like a toilet smells. (three adult men) pants (diapers) all the way, do not throw them overboard, but store them in a pencil case, free from food rations. The dimensions of the cab are slightly larger than Cossacks or Matiz. stop
      1. 0
        28 March 2020 09: 25
        Censorship.
        I’ll say scientific - defecation recourse
      2. 0
        28 March 2020 11: 43
        Six years later, you can talk about it - when the US flies.
        1. 0
          29 March 2020 07: 44
          Minus one answer. Astronauts (explorers,) are the crews of starships. Where and when did U.S. citizens fly to other star systems?
          It seems not children playing in kindergarten recourse
  21. 0
    29 March 2020 23: 34
    At lunar bases it will be sterile .... no flu or cows for you ...
    Black and white soaring ... at first, and the landscape into the porthole in a reddish tint - constantly)
  22. +1
    30 March 2020 00: 28
    This is not true. At least China has launched 4 lunar rovers (landing and crawling) since 2007.

    First of all, I must admit - all the studies of the natural satellite of our planet, in fact, have been minimized and frozen for almost half a century. In fact, the interest of mankind in the moon has faded since the end of the series of manned flights to it within the framework of the Apollo program carried out by the United States in 1975. The last Soviet interplanetary spacecraft - Luna-24 was launched just a year later - in 1976. Since then, the peace and quiet of the distant lunar mountains and plains are not disturbed by either astronauts or technology abandoned from our planet.
  23. +1
    30 March 2020 09: 30
    As one of the employees of Roscosmos said in the mid-XNUMXs, "with this approach, soon we will not go into space, but only into the astral plane."

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