Islamic pirates of the Mediterranean

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Pirates have chosen the Mediterranean Sea since time immemorial. Even Dionysius once became their captive, according to ancient Greek myths: turning into a lion, he then tore apart his captors (with the exception of the helmsman, who recognized him as a god). According to another legend, the famous poet Arion was thrown overboard (but saved by a dolphin) by sea robbers, about whom Ovid would write about 700 years later: “What sea, what land of Arion does not know?” In the city of Tarente, where the poet hit the road, a coin was issued depicting a human figure sitting on a dolphin.

Islamic pirates of the Mediterranean

Coin of the city of Tarenta, 280-272 BC e.

In the XNUMXst century BC pirates of the Mediterranean Sea were so numerous and so well organized that they could land on their ships a significant part of the army of Spartacus besieged by the forces of Crassus (most likely, the leader of the rebels wanted to land troops in the rear of the enemy, and not to evacuate the army in Sicily).



Guy Julius Caesar himself was captured by the pirates, and Gnei Pompey inflicted a number of defeats on the pirates, but he did not completely eradicate this “trade”.

"Barbarian coast"


The northwestern coast of Africa (which Europeans often called the Barbary coast) in the Middle Ages was no exception. The main pirate bases here were Algeria, Tripoli and Tunisia.


Andries van Ertvelt. Algerian ship entering the Berber port

However, the Muslim pirates of the Maghreb are much less “untwisted” than the filibusters (corsairs operating in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico), although their “exploits” and “achievements” are no less astounding, and in many ways they even exceeded the Caribbean “colleagues”.


Maghreb countries on a modern map

The fantastic careers of some of the Maghreb pirates, who received a significant part of the proceeds from the slave trade, cannot help but surprise us.

When talking about the slave trade, Black Africa and the famous slave ships sailing from its shores to America are immediately remembered.


Slave Ship “The Diligent” (Diligent)

However, at the same time, North Europeans, like cattle, were selling white Europeans. Modern researchers believe that from the XVI to XIX centuries. More than one million Christians were sold in the slave markets of Constantinople, Algeria, Tunisia, Tripoli, Sale and other cities. Recall that in Algerian captivity, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra spent 5 years (from 1575 to 1580).


Catholic monks redeem Christian captives in the slave market of the Maghreb

But in addition to this million unfortunate people, hundreds of thousands of Slavs sold in the markets of Kafa by the Crimean Tatars must be added.

After the Arab conquest, Maghreb (“where the sunset is” - countries west of Egypt in the Arabic language is now called only Morocco) became a frontier where the interests of the world of Islam and the Christian world clashed. And pirate raids, attacks on merchant ships, mutual raids on coastal settlements have become commonplace. In the future, the degree of confrontation only increased.

The balance of power on the "chessboard" of the Mediterranean Sea


Piracy and the slave trade were the traditional trade of all kinds of the Barbary states of the Maghreb. But alone, of course, they could not resist the Christian states of Europe. Help came from the East - from the rapidly gaining power of the Ottoman Empire, which wanted to reign supreme over the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Her sultans viewed the Barbarian pirates as a useful tool in a large geopolitical "game."

On the other hand, young and aggressive Castile and Aragon showed increasing interest in North Africa. These Catholic kingdoms will soon conclude a union that marked the beginning of the formation of a united Spain. This confrontation between the Spaniards and Ottomans reached its peak after the Spanish king Carlos I received the crown of the Holy Roman Empire (becoming Emperor Charles V): the forces and resources in his hands were now such that he could throw huge squadrons into battle and army. For a short time, they managed to seize the pirate ports and fortresses on the Maghreb shore, but they were no longer able to maintain their strength.


Titian. Portrait of Charles V

However, the strengthening of Charles V frightened the French: King Francis I was ready even for an alliance with the Ottomans, just to weaken the emperor he hated - and such an alliance was concluded in February 1536.


Jean clouet. Portrait of Francis I

The Venetian and Genoese republics were at enmity with the Ottomans for trade routes, which, however, did not prevent them from regularly fighting each other: the Venetians fought 8 times with the Turks, and 5 times with the Genoese.

The traditional and implacable enemy of Muslims in the Mediterranean was the Knights of the Order of the Hospitallers, who, having left Palestine, fought stubbornly at first in Cyprus (from 1291 to 1306) and Rhodes (from 1308 to 1522), and then (from 1530) entrenched in Malta. Portuguese hospitaliers fought mainly with the Moors of North Africa, the main enemies of the hospitalos of Rhodes were Mameluke Egypt and Ottoman Turkey, and during the Maltese period, the Ottomans and Pirates of the Maghreb.

Expansion of Castile, Aragon and Portugal



As early as 1291, Castile and Aragon agreed to divide the Maghreb into “zones of influence”, the boundary between which was to be the Muluya River. On the territory to the west of it (modern Morocco), Castile claimed, the lands of the modern states of Algeria and Tunisia "went" to Aragon.

The Aragonese acted persistently and purposefully: successively subjugating Sicily, Sardinia, and then the Kingdom of Naples, they received powerful bases for influencing Tunisia and Algeria. Castile was not up to Morocco - its kings completed the Reconquista and finished off the Emirate of Granada. Instead of the Castilians, the Portuguese came to Morocco, who in August 1415 captured Ceuta (then the Hospitallers acted as their allies), and in 1455-1458. - Five more Moroccan cities. At the beginning of the XNUMXth century, they founded the cities of Agadir and Mazagan on the Atlantic coast of North Africa.

In 1479, after the wedding of Isabella and Ferdinand between the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, the union mentioned above was concluded. In 1492, Granada fell. Now, one of the main goals of the Catholic kings and their heirs was to push the border line to exclude the very possibility of a Muslim attack by the Maghreb against Spain, and to fight the Barbarian pirates, who sometimes delivered very painful attacks along the coast (these raids aimed mainly at capture of captives, Arabs called "razziy").

The first fortified city of the Spaniards in North Africa was Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña. In 1497, the Moroccan port of Melilla was captured, in 1507 - Badis.

Pope Alexander VI in two bullas (from 1494 and 1495) called on all Christians in Europe to support the Catholic kings in their “crusade”. Contracts were concluded with the Portuguese in 1480 and 1509.

Ottoman offensive


The large-scale expansion of the Ottomans into the Western Mediterranean began after Sultan Selim I Yavuz (Grozny) stood at the head of their empire and continued with his son, Suleiman Kanuni (Legislator), who became probably the most powerful ruler of this empire. In Europe, he is better known as Suleiman the Magnificent, or the Great Turk.


Selim I Yalvuz


Melchior lorck. Portrait of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent

In 1516, Selim I launched a war against Mameluke Egypt, in 1517 Alexandria and Cairo were captured. In 1522, the new Sultan - Suleiman, decided to end the hospital of Rhodes. Mustafa Pasha (later replaced by Ahmed Pasha) was appointed commander in chief of the Ottoman ports. With him went Kurdoglu Muslim ad-Din - a very famous and reputable corsair and privateer, whose base was previously Bizerte. By this time, he had already accepted the offer to go to Turkish service and received the title “reis” (usually the Ottoman admirals were called by this word, in Arabic it means “head, head”). Some of their ships were sent by the famous Khair ad Din Barbarossa, which will be discussed later. A total of 400 ships with soldiers on board approached Rhodes.


"The siege of Rhodes by the troops of Suleiman the Magnificent." Engraving by Giovanni Vavassore

In December of that year, the desperate resistance hospitaliers were forced to surrender. On January 1, 1523, the 180 surviving members of the order, headed by the magistrate Villiers de l'Il Adam and another 4 thousand people left Rhodes. Sandjakbey of this island became Kurdoglu Reis.

Knights of Malta


But on March 24, 1530, the hospitaliers returned to the arena of the great war: Emperor Charles V of Habsburg presented them with the islands of Malta and Gozo in exchange for recognition as vassals of the Kingdom of Spain and the Two Sicilies, the duty to protect the city of Tripoli in North Africa and the annual “tribute” in the form of a hunting falcon.


Malta on a modern map of the Mediterranean Sea


Malta and Gozo


Tripoli on one of the books of the Sea of ​​Piri Reis

The Maltese participated in the famous naval battle at Lepanto (1571), in the first half of the 18th century they won XNUMX naval victories off the coast of Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco. These knights did not disdain piracy (corsa, hence the “corsairs”), capturing other people's ships and raiding Muslim lands.


The return of the flagship galley to La Valletta harbor after a military campaign

But the opponents of Christians had their own heroes.

Great Pirates and Admirals Maghreb


At the beginning of the XNUMXth century, the stars of the two great pirate admirals of the Islamic Maghreb rose. They were brothers Aruj and Khizir, natives of the island of Lesbos, in which there was more Greek blood than Turkish or Albanian. They are both known under the nickname "Barbarossa" (red-bearded), but there is good reason to believe that only Christians called him Khizira. And his older brother was called Baba Aruj (Papa Aruj).

Papa arouj



Orec-reis

Aruj was the first to become famous, who, at the age of 16, volunteered for an Ottoman warship. At the age of 20, he was captured by the hospitals and was brought by them to Rhodes, but managed to escape. After that, he decided not to bind himself to the conventions of military discipline, preferring the Turks a difficult share of a free hunter, a pirate, at the Turks. Having rebelled the crew of "his" ship, Aruj became its captain. He built his base on the now well-known “tourist” island of Djerba, which the “emir of Tunisia“ leased ”to him - in exchange for 20% of the captured production (later Aruj managed to reduce the“ commission ”to 10%). In 1504, Aruj, commanding a small galliot, took turns, one after another, capturing two battle galleys of Pope Julius II, which made him the hero of the entire coast. And in 1505, he somehow somehow managed to capture a Spanish ship carrying 500 soldiers - all of them were sold in slave markets. This prompted the Spanish authorities to organize a naval expedition that managed to capture the fortress of Mers al-Kebir near Oran - but this was the end of the Spaniards. Only in 1509, the Spaniards managed to capture Oran, and then, in 1510, the port of Bugia and Tripoli, but were defeated on the island of Djerba. It was during an attempt to liberate Bugia, in 1514, that Aruj lost his hand, but some skilled craftsman made a silver prosthesis for him, in which there were many moving parts, and Aruj continued to bother opponents with endless raids. Next to him were his brothers - Ishaq, who would die in battle in 1515, and Khizir, whose loud fame was yet to come.

In 1516, Aruj came to the aid of the ruler of Mauritania, Sheikh Selim al-Tumi: it was necessary to capture the Penon fortress built by the Spaniards. It was not possible to take it then - the task was only possible for his younger brother Khayr ad-Din. But Aruj decided that he himself would be a good emir. He drowned an excessively gullible ally in the pool, then - he executed those who expressed indignation on this occasion - only 22 people. Proclaiming himself Emir of Algeria, Aruj prudently recognized the power of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I.

After that, on September 30, 1516, he, fakingly retreating, defeated the significant Spanish corps under the command of Diego de Vera - the Spaniards lost three thousand soldiers killed and wounded, about 400 people were captured.

In 1517, Aruge intervened in the internecine war that swept Tlemcen. Having defeated the army of the main contender, Muley bin Hamid, he proclaimed the sultan of Mulay-bu-Zain, but after a few days he hung both himself and his seven children on their own turbaned jackets. In May 1518, when the Spaniards supported by Mulei ben Hamid approached Tlemcen, an uprising broke out in the city. Aruj fled to Algeria, but his squad was overtaken by the Salado River. Aruj himself has already crossed to the other side, but returned to his associates and died with them in an unequal battle. His head, as a valuable trophy, was sent to Spain.

In the XX century, in Turkey, the name of this pirate was called the class of submarines - "Aruj Rais".


Turkish submarine TCG Oruç Reis, 1942

The Spaniards did not rejoice for long, because Aruj's younger brother, Khizir (often called Khair ad-Din) was alive and well. By the way, his friend was Kurdoglu-reis already mentioned by us, who even named one of his sons in honor of him - gave him the name Khizir.

Hyr ad Din Barbarossa



Hyr ad Din Barbarossa

Brother Arujah immediately proclaimed himself vassal of Turkey as the Sultan of Algeria, and Selim I recognized him as such, appointed him a baler, but, just in case, he sent two thousand Janissaries - both to help in battles with the “infidels” and to control: so that this young Yes, the early corsair and, in fact, did not feel too independent.

In 1518, a storm helped Barbarossa defend Algeria from the Spanish squadron under the command of the Viceroy of Sicily Hugo de Moncada: after 26 enemy ships sank (on board of which about 4 soldiers and sailors were killed), he attacked the remains of the Spanish fleetalmost completely destroying it. After this, Hyr ad-Din not only conquered Tlemcen, but also occupied a number of other cities on the coast of North Africa. It was under Barbarossa in Algeria that shipyards and foundries appeared, and up to 7 Christian slaves took part in the work to strengthen it.

The confidence of the Sultan Barbarossa fully justified. In fact, he was not just a pirate, but the admiral of the “privatirsky” (“privateer”) fleet, acting in the interests of the Ottoman Empire. Dozens of ships took part in sea voyages under his command (only in his “personal fleet” the number of ships reached 36): these were no longer raids, but serious military operations. Khizir-Khayr al-Din soon surpassed his older brother. In his submission there were such authoritative captains as Turgut (in some sources - Dragut, he will be described in the next article), a certain Sinan, nicknamed "Jew from Smyrna" (in order to "persuade" the governor of Elba to release him from captivity, Barbarossa in 1544 year ravaged the whole island) and Aydin-reis, which had the eloquent nickname "The Devil's Scourge" (Kaha Diabolo ").

In 1529, Aydin Reis and a certain Salih led a squadron of 14 galliotes: having plundered Mallorca and attacked the coast of Spain, on the way back they boarded 7 of the 8 Genoese galleys of Admiral Portunado. And at the same time, several dozen wealthy Mariskans who “wanted to get rid of the power of the Spanish kings” “evacuated” to Algeria.

In the same year, Barbarossa was finally able to capture the Spanish fortress on the island of Peñon, locking the harbor of Algeria, and 2 weeks after its fall - to defeat the approaching Spanish squadron in which there were many transport ships with supplies, about 2 sailors and soldiers were captured. After that, for 500 years, Christian slaves built a grandiose protective stone pier that connected this island to the mainland: now Algeria has become a full-fledged base of the Maghreb pirate squadrons (before that they had to drag their ships into Algerian harbor).

In 1530, Barbarossa once again surprised everyone: having plundered the coast of Sicily, Sardinia, Provence and Liguria, he stayed for the winter in the captured castle of Cabrera on one of the Balearic Islands.


Balearic Islands on the map of the Mediterranean Sea

Returning to Algeria, the following year he defeated the Maltese squadron and devastated the shores of Spain, Calabria and Puglia.

In 1533, Barbarossa, at the head of a squadron of 60 ships, sacked the Calabrian cities of Reggio and Fondi.

In August 1534, the Khayr ad-Din squadron, supported by the Janissaries, captured Tunisia. This also threatened the Sicilian possessions of Charles V, who instructed the Genoese admiral Andrea Doria who entered the service of the empire in 1528 to drive out the invaders. Doria already had a good time fighting the Turks: in 1532 he captured Patras and Lepanto, in 1533 he defeated the Turkish fleet at Coron, but he had not yet met with Barbarossa in battle.

This grand expedition was financed by funds received from Francisco Pizarro, who had conquered Peru. And Pope Paul III forced Francis I to promise to abstain from the war with the Habsburgs.

The forces were clearly unequal and in June 1535 Barbarossa was forced to flee from Tunisia to Algeria. The new ruler of Tunisia, Mulei Hassan, recognized himself as a vassal of Charles V and promised to pay tribute.

Barbarossa responded with an attack on the island of Minorca, where the Portuguese galleon returning from America was captured and 6 people were captured: he gave these slaves to Sultan Suleiman, who, in response, appointed Khair ad-Din the commander of the empire fleet and the “emir of emirs” of Africa .

In 1535, King of Spain Carlos I (aka Holy Roman Emperor Charles V) sent a fleet against Barbarossa under the command of the Genoese admiral Andrea Doria.


Andrea Doria, portrait, Austrian National Library


The Italian battleship Andrea Doria, launched in March 1913, was part of the Italian fleet until 1956.

Andrea Doria managed to win several battles, near the island of Paxos, he defeated the squadron of Governor Gallipoli, capturing 12 galleys. In this battle, he was wounded in the leg, while Barbarossa, acting as an ally of France, seized the port of Bizerte in Tunisia: this Turkish naval base now threatened the security of Venice and Naples. Many of the islands of the Ionian and Aegean seas that belonged to the Venetian Republic also fell under the blows of the “emir of emirs”. Only Corfu managed to resist.

And on September 28, 1538, Khair ad Din Barbarossa, having at his disposal 122 ships, attacked the Holy League fleet assembled by Pope Paul III (156 warships - 36 papal, 61 Genoese, 50 Portuguese and 10 Maltese) and defeated him: sunk 3, burned 10 and captured 36 enemy ships. About 3 thousand European soldiers and sailors were captured. Thanks to this victory, Barbarossa for three whole years actually became the master of the Mediterranean Sea.


Umed Behzad. "The Battle of Preveza." Maritime Museum, Istanbul

In 1540, Venice withdrew from the war, giving the Ottoman Empire the islands of the Ionian and Aegean Seas, Morea and Dalmatia, as well as paying a contribution of 300 thousand gold ducats.

Only in 1541 did Emperor Karl manage to assemble a new fleet of 500 ships, which he entrusted to the Duke of Alba. Along with the duke were Admiral Doria and the notorious Hernan Cortes, Marquis del Valle Oaxaca, who returned to Mexico from Mexico just a year ago.

On October 23, as soon as the troops had landed near Algeria, “such a storm arose that it was not only impossible to unload the guns, but many small vessels just turned over, thirteen to fourteen galleons too” (Cardinal Talavera).

This storm did not abate for 4 days, the losses were terrifying, more than 150 ships sank, and 12 thousand soldiers and sailors died. Depressed and discouraged Spaniards no longer thought about the battle in Algeria. On the remaining ships, they went to sea, and only at the end of November the battered squadron with difficulty made it to Majorca.

In the fight against the Ottomans and the Barbarian pirates, the European monarchs did not show unanimity. There are cases when the Turks freely hired the ships of the Italian states to transport their troops. For example, Sultan Murad I paid the Genoese one ducat for each person transported.

And King Francis I literally shocked the whole Christian world, not only entering into an alliance with the Ottomans, but also allowing Khayr ad-Din Barbarossa to place his fleet for wintering in Toulon in 1543.


Barbarossa Fleet in Toulon. XNUMXth Century Engraving

At that time, the local population was evicted from the city (with the exception of a certain number of men left to protect the abandoned property and to service the crews of pirate ships). Even the city cathedral was then transformed into a mosque. On the part of the French, this was an act of gratitude for the help in capturing Nice.

A special piquancy to this alliance with the Ottomans was given by the fact that before that Francis was an ally of Pope Clement VII, and the “king” of France and the Roman pontiff against Charles V, whom many in Europe considered the stronghold of the Christian world in the confrontation with the “Mohammedans”. And who, as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, was crowned by Clement VII himself.

Having wintered in hospitable Toulon, Khair ad Din Barbarossa in 1544 brought down his squadron on the coast of Calabria, reaching Naples. About 20 thousand Italians were captured, but the admiral overdid it a bit: as a result of his raid, the prices of slaves in the Maghreb fell so low that they could not be sold profitably.


This is how Barbarossa was seen by the audience of the series “The Magnificent Century”

This was the last maritime operation of the illustrious pirate and admiral. The last years of his life, Khair ad Din Barbarossa spent in his own palace in Constantinople, built on the shores of the Golden Horn. The German historian Johann Arkhengolts claims that a certain Jewish doctor advised the old admiral to treat his ailments with the "warmth of the bodies of young virgins." Apparently, this aesculapius learned about this method of treatment from the Third Book of the Kings of the Old Testament, which tells how the young girl Avisaga was found to 70-year-old King David, who "warmed him in bed." The method was, of course, very pleasant, but also very dangerous for the aged admiral. And the "therapeutic dose" was clearly exceeded. According to contemporaries, Khair ad Din Barbarossa quickly became decrepit, unable to withstand the pressure of the numerous bodies of young girls, and died in 1546 (at the age of 80). He was buried in the mausoleum mosque built at his expense and the captains of the Turkish ships entering the port of Constantinople, sailing past her, for a long time considered it their duty to give fireworks in honor of the illustrious admiral. And at the beginning of the 1910th century, a squadron battleship purchased from Germany in XNUMX (formerly Elector Frederick William) was named after him.


Squadron battleship "Elector Friedrich Wilhelm", 1902

The second battleship bought by the Turks from Germany at that time (Weissenburg) was named after Turgut Reis, a comrade-in-arms of Barbarossa, who at various times was the governor of the island of Djerba, the commander-in-chief of the Ottoman fleet, the Bayler of Algeria and the Mediterranean Sea, sanjakbei and Pasha Tripoli


Torgud Reis Squadron Armadillo

We will talk about this lucky pirate, who became the Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman fleet, and other great Islamic admirals in the next article.
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  1. +8
    10 March 2020 06: 27
    Here it is, the long-awaited cycle! But, alas, it's time to go to work. And I’ll read the article in the evening, for * sweet *. But thanks in advance, Valery!
    1. +9
      10 March 2020 06: 33
      Good morning friends! Valery, thanks! Pirates, a favorite theme from childhood. smile
    2. +7
      10 March 2020 07: 17
      I join the comment of Sergey! We look forward to continuing !!!
      Regards, Vlad!
      1. +4
        10 March 2020 07: 32
        Interesting. At least it gives an understanding that the historical confrontation between Europe and the Islamic world has long roots and persists in some forms even now. In frank terms, this is piracy off the coast of Somalia, off the coast of Nigeria, and in other cases - in some latent forms of competition between Muslim countries and "infidels." what
        1. +11
          10 March 2020 08: 07
          Dear colleague, welcome here spiritual torment, or “faithful” - “infidels”!
          Before Christianity, Muslims and other religious delights, the Mediterranean Sea was a convenient trading intersection. First the Phoenicians, then the Greeks, later Carthage and Rome. In the descriptions of the Greeks, the Phoenicians did not disdain piracy, the slave trade, etc. For example, the latter had a nice custom, to lure beautiful girls with fabrics and jewelry and give “moorings”. The same Greeks, scolding the Phoenicians, also did not disdain to either squeeze the Etruscans, and the Etruscans robbed both of them in return!
          Cilicia alone was worth it. After the formation of hegemon, in the form of Rome. A centuries-old war of the empire with the pirates began, and Rome, at the peak of its power, owned the coast of the Mediterranean in a circle! And then the ancient authors can boast only one meaningful operation! But its numbers impress 40 fortresses, 400 ships, and this is six months in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea.
          In general, although on the basis of canons we traditionally distinguish Muslim pirates, do not forget their fellow Christians!
          For example, in the times described by Valery, Venetian, Pisian, Genoese biscuits, including Maltese galleys, did not disdain to piracy in the waters of the Adriatic or off the coast of the Dardanelles. Moreover, we infringed not only the infidels, but also the neighbors of Christians. The galley fleets of France (Toulouse) and Spain are noted in this. The first were noticed even in the facts of the sale of their compatriots (Huguenots) into slavery!
          So business is just business!
          1. +5
            10 March 2020 08: 13
            It seems that faith has nothing to do with it. And the Bible and the Qur'an did not urge to rob and piracy. This was the lot of seasoned criminals who didn't give a damn about any commandments. hi
            1. +5
              10 March 2020 13: 58
              That you did not read the Quran well.
              "... The first negotiations with the countries of the Barbarian coast - Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Tripoli - the Americans began in 1784. Then Thomas Jefferson and John Adams met in Paris with the Algerian representative Abd al-Rahman al-Adjar and offered him an agreement on trade and friendship. Al-Rahman replied harshly: “Islam is based on the laws of the Prophet, and the Quran says that all countries that do not recognize the Quran are sinners, therefore Muslims are not only entitled, but also obliged to wage war with them, wherever they are. Muslims must make slaves of all sinners"which they can capture as captives, and any Muslim killed in battle will certainly go to heaven, so they are not afraid of losses."

              Details on warhead.su:
              https://warhead.su/2020/02/29/saryn-na-kichku-kak-berbery-grabili-dyadyu-sema
              1. +4
                10 March 2020 18: 56
                It's like a Beatles rehash through the mouth of Rabinovich. True Islam is no more warlike religion than Christianity.
                5:82 “You will also certainly find that those closest in love to believers are those who say,“ We ​​are Christians. ” This is because among them there are priests and monks, and because they do not show arrogance. "

                60: 8-9 “Allah does not forbid you to be virtuous and fair to those who did not fight against you because of faith and did not expel you from your homes, because Allah loves the fair. Allah forbids you to be friends only with those who fought with you because of faith, drove you out of your homes and contributed to your exile. Those who are friends with them are truly wicked. ”
                It’s just that the Quran gives too many possibilities for interpretation, which is what all sorts of bullshit people use.
          2. +4
            10 March 2020 08: 59
            Anyway, the merchant ship easily turned into a pirate. What was more profitable at the moment.

            Here are the origins: “Bolivar cannot stand two” (c).
          3. +3
            10 March 2020 13: 56
            There is a significant difference - piracy and racketeering on the Mediterranean sea routes were the economic basis for the existence of North African Muslim states. Without slaves, robbery, they simply could not exist. For example, Morocco was the first state to officially recognize the United States. Guess why.
            1. +1
              10 March 2020 21: 05
              Quote: Ryazanets87
              There is a significant difference - piracy and racketeering on the Mediterranean sea routes were the economic basis for the existence of North African Muslim states. Without slaves, robbery, they simply could not exist.

              Well, you could try to sow wheat and do crafts, like most people.
              although you’re right, Muslims can’t exist simply by working banally.
              take as an example the subject of special pride of Muslims, the battle of Bader.
              Muhammad and colleagues attacked a rich caravan. broke the guards and captured everyone without forgetting of course the rich trophies.
              and the legend of the heroism of the prophet was born, the usual gop stop in the desert.
        2. 0
          10 March 2020 11: 17
          Quote: bessmertniy
          ... At least it gives an understanding that the historical confrontation between Europe and the Islamic world has long roots and persists in some forms even now. In frank, it is piracy off the coast of Somalia, off the coast of Nigeria, and in other cases - in some latent forms of competition between Muslim countries and "infidels"

          Piracy was always and everywhere: in the Ancient World, and in the Middle Ages and today, it was in Asia, Europe and America, regardless of faith and race.

          Trade is eternal, piracy is its constant companion.

          I liked it
          : According to contemporaries, Hyr ad-Din Barbarossa quickly decrepitunable to withstand the pressure of numerous bodies of young girls, and died in 1546 (aged 80).

          Wow - "fast" - 80 years! belay
          May God grant everyone to live up to this today, and even then, when the average life expectancy was 30 years, this is generally beyond the age!

          so the recipe for youth in the form "the pressure of numerous bodies of young girls" deserves, apparently, the closest attention (repetition)! Yes
          1. 0
            14 March 2020 17: 23
            Quote: Olgovich
            so the recipe for youth in the form of "the pressure of numerous bodies of young girls" deserves, apparently, the most close attention (repetition)!

            It is not normal when there is such an age difference between partners. If young people have to go to bed with such an old man, then there is no order in such a state and it will be in decline.
            Now it became clear to me where Olgovich got love for the Krasnovs and Kolchaks and hatred for their opponents.
    3. -9
      10 March 2020 08: 51
      in all these maritime stories about the fleets of Atamania and Barbary one thing is surprising that all these fleets were rigidly localized by the Mediterranean Sea i.e. The White Sea is Russian and Turkish. There are no stories that such powerful fleets as the Turkish fleet went to the expanses of the ocean and seized land in America, let us say. Although the logic of the large fleet itself dictates such a development of events, because it’s a big ship -big sailing. But there are no Turkish fleets for many centuries that did not go beyond Gibraltar, except for Piri Reis, and it cannot be so.
      Moreover, Ryzhov, when you write about the 16th century, at least call the land by your own names corresponding to your own time. There were no Algerians, Tunisia, and Morocco at that time, there were the states of Barbaria and Barca.
      1. +10
        10 March 2020 10: 50
        Quote: Bar1
        the logic of the large fleet itself dictates

        In addition to logic, knowledge is needed. Read the article carefully and consider why the pirates did not try to go out into the ocean. The article itself has enough information to draw the right conclusions. There isn’t enough reasoning - do not be shy, speak. I will prompt. smile
        Quote: Bar1
        when you write about the 16th century, at least call the earth by your own names

        Is this a special sabotage such that only the most consistent and stubborn Novokhronolos can understand the author? laughing Understand that you are a poor person, the author writes for normal people, for whom the White Sea is the White Sea, and not the Mediterranean, Algeria is Algeria, Morocco is Morocco, etc. Other authors write for you.
        1. -7
          10 March 2020 12: 32
          Quote: Trilobite Master
          There isn’t enough reasoning - do not be shy, speak. I will prompt


          you wouldn’t speak out on such a difficult topic, but keep quiet, be silent and pass as clever as all the other thanksgivers.



          Quote: Trilobite Master
          Understand that you are a poor person, the author writes for normal people,



          for you, happiness is to remain in ignorance, to cooperate with the enemy and engage in defamation instead of speaking on business. This is such a subscript culture, before they were called klaka.
          The fact that people with a normal perception of reality almost stopped coming here, and only necrophilia from history remained on "history" still allows me to hope that people with adequate perception are still there, and it is for them that my messages are sent. Calling something that has never been called that before is normal-perpendicular to you, but that's not history.
          1. +6
            10 March 2020 13: 00
            Well, what can I talk about with you? You cannot relate the two facts.
            Quote: Bar1
            people with a normal perception of reality almost stopped coming here, and only necrophiles from history remained on "history"

            Rejoice that I do not publish your opuses from other resources here, especially with the answers that you get there. laughing I, in general, especially have no time to follow this carefully, but sometimes, after your particularly odious speeches
            (For colleagues: what I give out to our hero here I’m just a marzipan compared to how it is applied in other places. Sometimes I feel like a gymnasium student in a brothel).
            And by the way, I tried to communicate with you in essence - you are very competently, habitually and so confidently and professionally merge ... wink
            And they still haven’t answered the question about the chronicles ... feel
            1. +5
              10 March 2020 14: 03
              Muslim pirates even went out into the ocean. Even Iceland was robbed somehow in 1627.
              Bara, I think, needs to be banned, well, something impossible: something rubbish with shovels in every historical article.
              1. +3
                10 March 2020 15: 06
                Do not kill the local "fun" laughing
              2. -3
                10 March 2020 15: 50
                Quote: Ryazanets87
                Bara, I think, needs to be banned, well, something impossible: something rubbish with shovels in every historical article.

                yes you don’t read, reading is harmful ...
            2. -7
              10 March 2020 14: 38
              Quote: Trilobite Master
              Rejoice that I do not publish your opuses from other resources here, especially with the answers that you get there


              there are plenty of duncees around, even on other sites. And I have nowhere to blush for anything. And with you (it’s not known with whom) there’s nothing to talk about, probably because it’s not known who.
        2. +3
          10 March 2020 14: 24
          Quote: Bar1
          The Mediterranean Sea i.e. The White Sea in Russian and Turkish.

          Dear Mikhail, after all, here Bar1 is oddly right, albeit at 50%. I doubt that at that time the Russians called the Mediterranean Sea White, but in Turkish Ak Deniz is really the White Sea. I join in thanks to Valery for the article. I look forward to continuing.
          1. -1
            10 March 2020 14: 46
            Quote: AK1972
            I doubt that the Russians at that time called the Mediterranean Sea White, but in Turkish Ak Deniz is really the White Sea.


            there are very strange images from the book Van Klenk's Journey to Muscovy.
            As we see, the tsar sits — this is Alexei Mikhalych — his time on the shore ?! sea ​​/ ocean, because further we see ocean ships, in the solar corona, under the crescent.
            How can this be?

            1. +8
              10 March 2020 15: 16
              Quote: Bar1
              there are very strange images from the book Van Klenk's Journey to Muscovy

              And in the background of this picture - between the tsar and the sea - the Russian people in the person of two dark-skinned with halberds. You can’t hide the truth! As the vile Romanovs did not try to convince us that we were naturally pale, like death, nothing came of them: in such sources, the truth emerges! Russians are the purest race on the planet, dark-skinned, like the first people to come from the night sky. The pale and feeble west is trying to deprive us of our roots, but it will not succeed - a healthy pristine, pure and perfect blackness is once again making its way in our minds and will soon return to its proper place when black people, our ancestors of Russo-Aryans, the children of starry night, dominated the entire solar system and its environs.
              Refute, Bar, refute! I’m terribly interested in what arguments you will have ... I have something to present to you in response. laughing
            2. +2
              10 March 2020 15: 39
              Quote: AK1972
              I doubt that the Russians at that time called the Mediterranean Sea White, but in Turkish Ak Deniz is really the White Sea.


              there are very strange images from the book Van Klenk's Journey to Muscovy.
              As we see, the tsar sits — this is Alexei Mikhalych — his time on the shore ?! sea ​​/ ocean, because further we see ocean ships, in the solar corona, under the crescent.
              How can this be?


              And the Janissaries in the background with the markets !!! laughing
              The picture where they wrote did not think!
          2. +7
            10 March 2020 14: 56
            Quote: AK1972
            Turkish Ak Deniz - Really White Sea

            We are now talking and writing in Russian, and not from the time of Ivan the Terrible or even from the time of Peter the Great. We speak contemporary in Russian.
            You can find a dozen more names of the Mediterranean Sea, yes for any geographical object, in different languages, used at different times, so what?
            And the White Sea for a normal Russian person is now between Arkhangelsk and Kandalaksha, and the fact that there used to be the Studenoe Sea, and even earlier - the Breathing, and before that - Vyainameri, I care only in terms of general erudition, nothing more.
            1. +3
              10 March 2020 15: 53
              [quote = Trilobite Master] And the White Sea for a normal Russian person is now between Arkhangelsk and Kandalaksha, and the fact that there used to be the Studenoe Sea, and even earlier - the Breathing, and before that - Vaynameri, I care only in terms of general erudition, nothing more.[/ Quote]
              I have no objection. I wrote that the Russians could not call the Mediterranean Sea White. However, the Turks still call the Mediterranean Sea Ak deniz (50% right Bar1). Black Sea - Kara deniz, Aegean - Ege deniz, Marmara - Marma deniz, well, everything seems to be like people.
              1. +1
                10 March 2020 17: 46
                Quote: AK1972
                Ak deniz (50% right Bar1)

                Available in go
                Quote: Bar1
                The White Sea in Russian and Turkish

                laughing
                Then I agree, 50% smile
                In Russian - no, in Turkish - yes. smile
        3. +2
          10 March 2020 21: 01
          Mikhail, you wanted a lot for the Bar to turn to you for help ?!
          "Rather, the sky will fall to earth, and the Danube will flow back" (c)
      2. +7
        10 March 2020 11: 11
        in all these maritime stories about the fleets of Atamania and Barbary one thing is surprising that all these fleets were rigidly localized by the Mediterranean Sea i.e. The White Sea is in Russian and Turkish. There are no stories that such powerful fleets as the Turkish fleet went to the expanses of the ocean and seized land in America, say.

        Ahrenet, sailed •••• belay
        "Akhtung, Akhtung, Zaporozhye seagulls in the Atlantic"!
        Now on the shelves !!!
        1. Moroccan, Algerian pirates, like their counterparts before the reconquest from Grenada and Cordoba, terrorized the shores of Portugal, England, Ireland, Scotland and France for 13-16 centuries!
        A contemporary of those events wrote, “In Wales, peasants are afraid to settle closer than 5 miles to the sea. Infidels annually lead into slavery up to a thousand souls. Do not hesitate to destroy the houses of God and the estates of the barons. The king is powerless to stop them. "!!!
        2. White Sea = Mediterranean. I am ready to play mind games with the terms of the Varyazhsky and Russian seas from the Tale of Bygone Years, but here you are. Evidence in the studio.
        3. Why did the Turks not discover America? In principle, even the Chukchi of Columbus was ahead of them, but for some reason the Turks did not.
        It's simple, take an interest in the composition of the fleet during the battle of Lepanto (1571). From the Christian coalition (shalev and galleys) from the pro-Turkish side (penal servitude, essentially the same galleys).
        Such ships freely felt themselves in the Mediterranean Sea. Sometimes these ships were involved in hostilities in the Atlantic (French, British, Dutch and Burgundians), but to America? The banal crew of the flagship Toulouse galley flotilla (royal galley) exceeded 500 people (autonomy for three days). The dreadnought of that era - the Venetian galeas had a crew of up to 600 sailors, rowers and soldiers (autonomy 5 days) !!! So, the Turkish hard labor at best had autonomy of no more than 10-15 days, what kind of America is it?
        Islamic pirates themselves used various types of dows in their raids in the Atlantic! Basically, light, fast and multi-functional vessels that could walk cool in the wind!
        4. Could Dou Algerian or Tunisian pirates reach America!
        I think if they set a goal, then it’s easy. Caravel Santa Maria, Nanya and Pinta - Columbus were few more than pirate dhows (from 80 to 120 tons). Structurally, they even exceeded the courts of Christian states. They had smooth contours, the best ratio of length to width, more advanced sailing weapons.
        But the story is different.
        Conclusion, the Turkish fleet in the form that existed at the time of the battle of Lepanto could not open America. However, his vassals possessed this opportunity.
        1. +2
          10 March 2020 11: 31
          For the Bulgarians, the Aegean Sea is called White. In the modern yearbook seen on a map.
          1. VLR
            +7
            10 March 2020 11: 40
            This is for the Bulgarians from the Turks: the south on the maps was then marked in white, the north in black. Turkey between the Mediterranean (southern - white) sea and the Black (for this country - northern).
        2. +7
          10 March 2020 11: 53
          Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
          Ahrenet, sailed

          Vlad, they would give a person to think ... Well, or a chance to think. laughing Now, after all, it will clog into a corner and not say a word ... Who will entertain us?
          Or do you just not want him to be distracted from the search for Russian chronicles that are worthy of his high trust? I assure you that it is a futile occupation - none of them contain Tartaria and Gauls with strollers sitting all over the horde in one bar, so all of them, by definition, are fakes. wassat
        3. -6
          10 March 2020 13: 46
          Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
          Moroccan, Algerian pirates, like their counterparts before the reconquest from Grenada and Cordoba, terrorized the shores of Portugal, England, Ireland, Scotland and France for 13-16 centuries!


          link to the studio.

          Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
          White Sea = Mediterranean.




          map of the 1700s Parisian Sea of ​​the Archipelago, also called the White Sea. Instead of Athens, the city is called Sites i.e. simply a city.

          1. +10
            10 March 2020 15: 05
            Timur, I am writing my comment not for you (I understand that the situation is hopeless), but for those who, having read your "revelations" and due to lack of knowledge, will suddenly become interested in them.
            Your main problem is impenetrable militant ignorance, which you have elevated to a fetish and proudly carry through life, not wanting to part with it. In what plane lies the origin of this complex of yours and why do you like "suffering", let the specialized specialists understand. I'm talking about something else.
            For your information, in Turkish, the Mediterranean Sea is today called White - Akdeniz.

            This is a modern turkish map.
            People who are even slightly interested in toponymy and history are well aware that the name "Mediterranean Sea" became generally accepted appeared in the XNUMXth century, and before that, throughout history, it had many names and only at the beginning of the known history, in ancient Egypt and today, in the modern world, it is called Mediterranean.
            But the ignorant, seeing the old maps, immediately begin the campaign about some secrets.
            And as for such a concept as the color symbolism of various peoples in relation to the cardinal points, then for the ignorant folk historians it is a secret behind seven seals and that there were more than thirty color groups to designate the cardinal points, including such as "white", "red", "blue", "black" and for many peoples place names have corresponding names. Therefore, the Turks have the White Sea and the Black Sea.
            Do not bother to write the answer, you are not able to write anything intelligible, and there is a lot of delirium on the site without you. Do not multiply.
            1. -8
              10 March 2020 15: 30
              Quote: Undecim
              Timur, I am not writing your comment for you

              I am not writing for you either.
              Your main problem is that you don’t have your own thoughts, and therefore you rarely go here, but you don’t miss what you don’t fit into the template, all OI historians do this.
              History for you is history articles on this site, Ryzhov calls medieval countries modern names for normal and perpendicular (for Trilobite)


              Quote: Undecim
              For your information, in Turkish, the Mediterranean Sea is today called White - Akdeniz.

              I knew that without you.
              Brilliant Porta, i.e. port / passage / entrance / exit is located on the shore of the Golden Horn on the left the Black Sea, on the right the White Sea.
              This is an ancient order.

              -Constantinople-con / Khan _stan / rate_field / city-Khan rate i.e. there was no emperor Constantine.
              -Istanbul-Stam / stan_bul / gender / policy (distorted) i.e. Stan city

              1. +6
                10 March 2020 15: 37
                Your main problem is that you have no thoughts
                If I had thoughts like yours, I would not have survived this.
          2. +3
            10 March 2020 15: 08
            It's Easy!
            The attack of the Berber pirates on Baltimore (born Sack of Baltimore) - a raid of the Berber pirates on the village of Boltimore in the county of Cork, Ireland, June 20, 1631 [1]. The pirate leader was Murat Reis Jr.
        4. -6
          10 March 2020 14: 19
          Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
          From the Christian coalition (shalev and galleys) from the pro-Turkish side (penal servitude, essentially the same galleys).


          Arctic fox, you want to say that the Turks did not have large ocean ships? And this countergenesis is still hanging around on a historical site.
          Here is an image of an ocean zone ship from the Piri Reis Atlas



          and in the 17-18th century the turchins, as priest Lukyanov wrote, had huge galens / galleons, but for some reason they also didn’t go to the ocean.
          1. +3
            10 March 2020 15: 22
            1. We are talking about 15-16 centuries!
            2. Turkish galley (not galen) as well as Spanish, Genoese, Venetian - a large three-masted galley! Well, not a galleon! In Russia there were still known river dirty galleys (galleys) the closest prototype of the plow !!! Definitely not a marine type of ship!
            From the middle of the 17th century, the Turks had linear ships of the modern European type !!! By the way, they received stacked ships a quarter of a century earlier than the Russian Empire.
            3. The picture of Kraki on the map is beautiful! But this is alas a drawing !!!
            The Dutch, bypassing the Spanish crown, traded with the Turks on the like.,
            1. -6
              10 March 2020 15: 37
              a reference to the fact that African pirates went to Britain to give weak? Or is it just a chatter?
              1. +3
                10 March 2020 15: 43
                And the Stenzel “War on the Sea” Volume 1.
                Search and find. By the way, there are also about galleys and galleons !!!
                1. -2
                  10 March 2020 17: 57
                  Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
                  And the Stenzel “War on the Sea” Volume 1.
                  Search and find. By the way, there are also about galleys and galleons !!!


                  your Stenzl’s not even a historian, but just a sailor. At the beginning he still referred to Thucydides, Herodotus, but it would be better if he didn’t do this, because the tales of the triremes and five-periods are hallucinations of these historians. The laws of resistance of materials do not allow creating such vessels, especially many-meter oars, but there are a lot of stupid things.
                  For a long time G. Kostylev’s Military Historical Hochmas were dismantled at all sites, where he dismantled these triremes on the bones.

                  I didn’t find where he writes about the attack on Wales. There are a couple of lines about pirates who dared to go to the north of Europe and that’s it.
                  In general, the book of this Stenzel only confirms my idea that Muslim fleets were localized by the Mediterranean Sea.
                  It is not serious to refer to such a "historian".
                  1. +3
                    11 March 2020 05: 29
                    a reference to the fact that African pirates went to Britain to give weak? Or is it just a chatter?
                    You continue to persist in your ignorance. Okay, Stenzel is not your authority.
                    Do you trust the National Archives of Great Britain and the documents stored there, or are they all fakes? A study of the National Maritime Museum of Cornwall?
                    1. -4
                      11 March 2020 08: 17
                      Quote: Undecim
                      You continue to persist in your ignorance. Okay, Stenzel is not your authority.
                      Do you trust the National Archives of Great Britain and the documents stored there, or are they all fakes? A study of the National Maritime Museum of Cornwall?


                      I continue to persist in my literacy. Well, and where is the link? Chatter again?
                      1. +2
                        11 March 2020 08: 35
                        In addition to ignorance, you are distinguished by typical troll behavior, requiring a link to a link and a link to it, and naively believing that the whole of human history is concentrated on the Internet.
                        There will be links to you, I will return to the computer and lay out. Let's see what you answer?
                      2. -5
                        11 March 2020 08: 46
                        There’s nothing to talk to you about.
                      3. +4
                        11 March 2020 09: 02
                        There’s nothing to talk to you about.
                        Classic troll behavior!
                        So give links?
                      4. +4
                        11 March 2020 13: 22
                        So, especially for those who persist in their ignorance.
                        In the 28th century, a series of “Calendars of State papers” was published in Britain, which included archival government correspondence from the reign of Edward VI (King of England and Ireland from January 1547, 1704) to the second year of Queen Anne (XNUMX).
                        Since the first mention of the appearance of Berber pirates off the coast of southwestern England dates back to the beginning of the 11th century, we are interested in volume XNUMX of the publication
                        Calendar of state papers, Domestic series, of the reigns of Edward VI., Mary, Elizabeth and James I, 1547-1625 preserved in the Stat paper department of Her Majesty's Public record office.

                        This.
                        Given that it is better not to insert more than one illustration in one comment, there will be several.
                      5. +5
                        11 March 2020 13: 26
                        We look through the indicated volume and on page 11 at number 69 we find a message from Vice Admiral Plymouth James Begg to the Duke of Buckingham, dated April 18, 1625. Both persons are the most famous historical figures, the existence of which is impossible to doubt.

                        Here is the message.
                        The phrase "James Bagg to Buckingham. A Turkish pirate, who lies upon our coast, has this week taken a Dartmouth ship and three Cornish fi sher boats, even in the mouth of the harbor »
                        I translate literally specifically for stubborn ignoramuses: “James Bugg Buckingham. A Turkish pirate on our coast hijacked a Dartmouth ship and three Cornish fishing boats this week, even at the mouth of the harbor. ”
                        Although you probably have a "correct" "folktranslation", this is no longer essential.
                        The original can be viewed at the link https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=msu.31293010904062&view=1up&seq=11
                        Good luck!
                      6. -4
                        11 March 2020 14: 44
                        you probably searched for a long time to dig out from the history of piracy and of course the most convincing and obvious reason to have a Turkish fleet is to capture one boat and three fishermen in boats. For this, of course, you had to have these ships, this is an illustration of Turkish ships of the 16th century. times designed for coastal swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and capture the Anglican fishermen.


                        By the way, not Berber pirates, but Turkish, it is written.
                        with such "literate" as you are really disgusting to talk.
                      7. +4
                        11 March 2020 15: 21
                        a reference to the fact that African pirates went to Britain to give weak? Or is it just a chatter?
                        Your question? Did you get the link? What is wrong now? Not such a link?
                      8. +4
                        11 March 2020 19: 13
                        Victor Nikolaevich, thanks for the support!
                        Quote: Bar1
                        you probably searched for a long time to dig out from the history of piracy and of course the most convincing and obvious reason to have a Turkish fleet is to capture one boat and three fishermen in boats. For this, of course, you had to have these ships, this is an illustration of Turkish ships of the 16th century. times designed for coastal swimming in the Mediterranean Sea and capture the Anglican fishermen.


                        By the way, not Berber pirates, but Turkish, it is written.
                        with such "literate" as you are really disgusting to talk.

                        For His Majesty Bara of this first name!
                        The upper figure is the Turkish penal servitude (galley), the lower figure is Galeas.
                        Both ships are sailing and rowing type !!! Crews of over 500 sailors, rowers and soldiers !!! How will you discover America with them !!! Trite what you will feed and drink the crews !!!
                        And finally, both ships of the early 17th century! For the first time, the Galeas were used in the fighting by the Venetians in the battle of Lepanto!
                        The first four-masted galleas with airborne artillery in the ports of the Turks appeared after 1600 !!! The three-masted galley without spinel is also obviously built in the second quarter of the 17th century, or the Venetian trophy! Learn the materiel Bar1.
                        By the way, what do you mean by coastal swimming?
                        Galleys went to England, Holland and Ireland. France and England periodically hired Mediterranean galleys since the Centennial War.
                        But for coastal swimming, the Turks, Berbers and the inhabitants of the Mediterranean had about fifty types of more adapted vessels, which the Muslims had the generalized name of Dow.
                      9. -5
                        11 March 2020 22: 03
                        Quote: Kote pane Kohanka
                        Upper drawing - Turkish penal servitude (galley),

                        Pay attention to the flag on the gallery. This is a griffin on a gold background. This is the sea flag of Tartaria.
                        On the Expression of Maritime Flags published in Kiev in 1709. it is evident that the state of Tartaria had as many as two sea flags.

                        http://www.vexillographia.ru/russia/images/kiev1709.jpg

                        about your link, I already said that your reference to the Stentsel book only confirms my idea that the OI on paper did not let the Turkish fleets into the oceans. But of course this is the stupidity of the OI. Sea ships with flags on which crescents plowed the oceans in the 16th century .Here is Cosmography for 1595, as we see a ship of the ocean zone with half a month symbolics.
                        A ship in the Indian Ocean in Zabaria.



                        Well, in your links the Turkish fleets only drowned fishing boats.
                      10. +2
                        11 March 2020 23: 01
                        Bar, you really confirm that it was not by chance that you chose your nickname and that it is your destiny to be watching the new gate. They gave you a link. But you didn’t even bother to look at it and just say the same thing, continuing to spread your information miasms.
                      11. -5
                        11 March 2020 23: 46
                        Quote: Undecim
                        They gave you a link.


                        I am not satisfied with a far-fetched story. An accessible array of historical documents says that our story is fictitious, it is only a screen that hides the present past. And this past does not coincide with YOUR history at all.
                        And to create huge fleets that would sink the English fishing boats is an example of yours, gently, overlook (only for VO).
                      12. +3
                        11 March 2020 23: 55
                        To summarize the discussion.
                        First you require a link to the document.
                        Having received the link, you, without even looking at it, declare that this is all a "contrived story".
                        Conclusion. You are an ordinary, ignorant Internet troll.
                      13. -4
                        12 March 2020 00: 04
                        Quote: Undecim
                        Having received the link, you, without even looking at it, declare that this is all a "contrived story".


                        your "link" does not correspond to the scale of the phenomenon, therefore it cannot serve as a proof of anything.
                      14. +2
                        11 March 2020 18: 50
                        "The most famous historical figures" if they confirm Tartary then it really existed such people, and if they refuted it ... The intrigues of the Romanovs?
      3. 0
        14 March 2020 17: 34
        Quote: Bar1
        one thing is surprising that all these fleets were rigidly localized by the Mediterranean Sea

        It is known that Maghreb pirates robbed even in Greenland. However, in the Mediterranean it is easier to attack, capture rich prey and escape with it to a pirate base than in the Atlantic. In addition, completely different ships must be built for Atlantic storms.
  2. +6
    10 March 2020 07: 40
    Thank you for your work, the topic is very well laid out.
  3. +10
    10 March 2020 08: 14
    ... the "therapeutic dose" was clearly exceeded.According to the testimony of contemporaries, Khair ad-Din Barbarossa quickly became decrepit, unable to withstand the pressure of numerous bodies of young girls, and died in 1546 (at the age of

    It's sad ... And then this "Aesculapius" was not pulled up on the knock? But, in any case, you need to know the measure, comrades, the measure. wink
    1. VLR
      +10
      10 March 2020 08: 23
      M. Bulgakov answered:
      "What is the point in dying in the ward amid the groans and wheezing of hopeless patients. Isn't it better to have a feast for these twenty-seven thousand and, having taken poison, move (to another world) to the sound of strings, surrounded by drunken beauties and dashing friends?"
      And then I didn’t even have to take poison smile
      1. +6
        10 March 2020 08: 27
        The funny thing is that when I was typing this line, I myself remembered this quote from "The Master". This is how it turns out: we say one thing, but think another. smile
        1. +6
          10 March 2020 10: 36
          The funny thing is that when I was typing this line, I myself remembered this quote from "The Master".

          Savage Mark the Batsman is also a kind person. Yes ... the infantry maniple fell into the bag, and if the cavalry turma had not been cut from the flank ... soldier
          But, in any case, the measure must be known, comrades, the measure.

          Yeah, and it says the burnt Pirate with his own pond and odalisks in the sheets. Somewhere in the reeds, the galley is also hidden. laughing
          And so it turns out: we say one thing and think another.

          Yes, yes, "we think differently", dear Konstantin! wink drinks
          To the author: Valery - I bow! drinks
          1. +3
            10 March 2020 13: 00
            Mark Krysoboy is a normal warrior, and the business of warriors is to kill. And not Pilate called him a fanatic, but a cold and convinced executioner, and these are two big differences.
            Remember Captain Pedan in Feuchtwanger's "Judean War", why the character is bad, he didn't even need to be ordered, he caught everything on the fly, as soon as Titus winked and the temple was gone. So Mark was the same, but the time was appropriate, but both of these guys are far from any Hauptsturmführer from the jagdo teams of the Second World War. soldier
            As for the "odalisques in the sheets" I'll give my wife to read. And you, they say, are going to visit us together with Anton ... laughing
            1. +5
              10 March 2020 13: 09
              worth Tit wink

              Is Titus the son of Vespasian? wink
              As for the "odalisques in the sheets" I'll give my wife to read.

              the main thing is not to "grab" it! laughing And then she will disperse all the nymphs and the satyrs who joined them with a towel! drinks nymphs and naiads will run away, sparkling with bare backs, only the sheets will fly! lol

              Konstantin, I bow to your wife that such a cat is cherished and cherished! love May God grant you health and happiness!
              1. +5
                10 March 2020 13: 28
                Thank you for your good wishes, Buddy!
                But, you see, the satyrs with nymphs in the situation with my wife would clearly not be lucky, she has a gun of the sixteenth caliber inherited from her grandfather, and she also knows how to use it.

                And, yes, Titus is the son of Vespanian. "The temple should be preserved, if possible." wink Yeah, if possible ... laughing
                1. +8
                  10 March 2020 13: 37
                  And, yes, Titus is the son of Vespanian. "Keep the temple, if possible." Yeah, if possible ...

                  If environmentalists and water utility representatives had the right to vote, they would demand Vespasian canonize! drinks For it was he who came up with the charge for public toilets. soldier And when Titus, the little one, made a face, knowing where the money came from, and declared, saying - "these coins smell bad, they stink of the toilet"Vespasian took the silver sisters from the heap, brought it to his son’s nose and asked impudently: "Smell ... Does this coin smell anything?" wink Hence the expression - "money does not smell", as well as a whole science of collecting money for the environment and the right to use Mother Nature! laughing
                  1. +4
                    10 March 2020 13: 38
                    Funny, I have not heard where it came from before. smile
                    1. +5
                      10 March 2020 13: 48
                      Funny, I have not heard where it came from before.

                      exactly what from that occasion! Yes therefore, Vespasian for representatives of certain professions is practically the holy ancestor! good
              2. +2
                11 March 2020 18: 56
                Nikolai (Kohanka), thanks for your picture: laughed.
                1. +1
                  11 March 2020 19: 57
                  He laughed. With all due respect to women, the picture is somewhat true. We are like that! love Although the hoplites were even sorry for something! lol by the way, not a single one - in thong! all completely naked, and with a doquil! wink
        2. +5
          10 March 2020 11: 12
          What has become enviable !!! bully
          1. +4
            10 March 2020 12: 38
            And then! You are very young, but you will live to mine, you will still not say something. drinks
    2. +8
      10 March 2020 11: 04
      Quote: Sea Cat
      And then this "aesculapius" was not pulled up on the knock?

      I recalled an old joke (something I recently often remember jokes smile ).
      Three widows talk about their late husbands.
      First: "I drank, drank and drank myself"
      Second: "My smoked, smoked and smoked."
      Third: "And my ... passed away"

      Aesculapius, for what? For the fact that his eighty-year-old patient has died? laughing
      1. VLR
        +6
        10 March 2020 11: 25
        Here is another interesting question: did this doctor control the patient’s fulfillment of his appointments?
        smile
        And how? Personally? Did the "patient" report in writing? Or - did you believe in the word?
        1. +7
          10 March 2020 11: 36
          Greetings, Valery.
          Quote: VlR
          Here is another interesting question.

          And not one. For example, I am extremely interested in the personality and fate of the doctor himself. What he was sick with, how he was treated, when, at what age, and from which he gave his soul to God ... It would be nice to collect more information about his other patients - all of them suddenly survived to eighty? Let's just say that it’s painfully nontrivial methods, I would like to know more about the results ... Although with such methods, the treatment process is probably more important than the result ... laughing
      2. +5
        10 March 2020 12: 44
        Aesculapius, for what?


        How is this - for what ?! Well, just in case. After such a stormy life, grandfather needed peace, kefir, and a warm klystir, and he began to drive the girls with herds, what is it called? On the other hand, here's the finished case for the killer doctor ... There was no lawrence on them. And you say - for what. bully
        1. +7
          10 March 2020 14: 11
          Quote: Sea Cat
          After such a stormy life, grandfather needed peace

          This is an open question that grandfather needed.
          For example, I’m sure that if it weren’t for the girls, grandfather would not have survived to such a venerable age. I judge by myself - if I know for sure that when I reach eighty years of age I will be entitled to an unlimited number of young girls - I will live out of principle!
          The main thing is not to forget why these girls are needed ...
          1. +6
            10 March 2020 14: 22
            The main thing is not to forget why these girls are needed ...


            That's it, Michael, this is the whole hitch.
            And it can be worse, as in that joke about sclerosis.
            A man flies into the urologist's office with a yell: "Doctor, help me! I want to write! I remember that the penis in my hair is growing, but I can't find it!" And he himself ruffles his hair on his head. request
          2. +6
            10 March 2020 15: 04
            I judge by myself - if I know for sure that when I reach eighty years of age I will be entitled to an unlimited number of young girls - I will live out of principle!

            yeah, and then tune in to the forty sweet houri. But do not rush! stop First, as much as possible - girls, then - the gurus. drinks I see, Pana Kohanka is far from the other voluptuary gathered at the forum? good eeeh, but at first you were all so decent and well-mannered people .... drinks
            1. +6
              10 March 2020 15: 42
              The key word was "were".
              How young, virginal, pure and unblemished was I when my hand first tapped these fatal words "Trilobite Master" on the keyboard ... Why did not the heavens open up and eject lightning from itself to strike and dry this hand? Oh, woe to me, woe! With this same hand I now tear the gray hair on my head, for I am sinful, amazed by lust, eaten away by pride and other mortal sins, and there is no salvation for me, no redemption, neither in the present nor in the future ... I conjure you, young youths, do not touch this den of debauchery and breeding ground of vice, whose name is "Voennoye Obozreniye", run him, for it brings destruction to your soul - if you want to surround yourself with young maidens with shameful thoughts, and thus you will ruin your soul, as I am thin and sinful.
              (Then there are loud sobs interrupted by woeful sobs for 07 hours 18 minutes 46 seconds). The time has gone.
              1. +6
                10 March 2020 16: 09
                How young, virgin, pure and blameless I was

                mmm .... epic! belay I ask for a link to a chapter and a line to "The life of the Prophet Michael Trilobite, written and spat upon by him". hi After these words, there are several options:
                1. This tirade is a tragedy "Prodigal Trilobite". Othello cries aside, and once again changes faith, seduced by the guria. His torn "Die, unfaithful!" - just the sound of a loud gas emission compared to wringing the hands of a repentant hero of the tragedy. The production of the sinner’s BDT is played by Sergey Bezrukov - in rags, with a beard, and a soulful look. soldier
                2. We write our own religion with miracles. Half have already been written. We appoint Michael as the prophet. (It seems that his tangerines have not yet ended .... what I'm even afraid to imagine that he can talk drunk - on "War and Peace" in half an hour, probably ....)
                It is necessary to think over more options .... in any case - it’s a sin on such a talent not to make money for everyone! drinks
                About repentance - from the film "The Monk and the Demon".
                1. +3
                  10 March 2020 16: 43
                  We write our own religion with miracles
                  And let's call it something more elegant, for example: "The sect of witnesses to the road accident on Ushakovka"
                  1. +5
                    10 March 2020 16: 45
                    "Sect of witnesses to the road accident on Ushakovka"

                    fortunately, the "sect of witnesses of the superethnos" is already occupied. laughing Establish our own - with miracles, "Trilobite Witness Sect" good from each convert - a string bag with tangerines!
                  2. +3
                    10 March 2020 17: 51
                    Anton, that is, the "Captain Mikhailov's Witnesses" sect has exhausted itself over the weekend? recourse
                    1. +3
                      10 March 2020 18: 03
                      Not at all !!! It's just that my past weekend was limited to less than one day. crying
                      "And Captain Mikhailov is eagerly eager for the fruits of the orange tree, to which he always shows all kindness" (From denunciations)
                      1. +4
                        10 March 2020 18: 22
                        "And Captain Mikhailov is eagerly eager for the fruits of the orange tree, to which he always shows all kindness" (From denunciations)

                        Yeah, the signature is "Behemoth the cat". laughing sold for 30 bags of feed.
                        We are following you!
                    2. +4
                      10 March 2020 18: 05
                      Anton, that is, the "Captain Mikhailov's Witnesses" sect has exhausted itself over the weekend?

                      and was she? belay I missed a lot ... what Maybe we’ll form a sect Kolyanov then?
                      1. +6
                        10 March 2020 18: 16
                        ,,, nafik, nafik stop for each sect there is a Torquemada am tongue
                      2. +4
                        10 March 2020 18: 34
                        Oh, wey, everyone is afraid of every Torquemada - don’t eat matzo! negative
                      3. +3
                        10 March 2020 19: 28
                        And the same thoughts come to mind. Is it contagious?
                      4. +4
                        10 March 2020 18: 24
                        Quote: Pane Kohanku
                        Maybe we’ll form a sect Kolyanov then?

                        Wow, I agree. We’ll write down my trilobite and Captain Mikhailov, and all comers.
                        The text of the creed I suggest this.
                        I, such and such, believe in the one and indivisible Kolyan prostrated over the world, believe in its power, omnipotent and powerful omnipotent, believe in the victory of the struggle over the unity of opposites and undertake to follow everywhere the transition from quantity to quality, I proclaim myself Kolyan omnipresent, the product of its mass and acceleration, perpendicular to its plane and the result of the natural selection of its selection, may its will be done. Fireplace!
                2. +4
                  10 March 2020 18: 45
                  Nikolay (Pan Kohanku), what film are you talking about: "Monk and Bes" I don't remember that
                  1. +3
                    10 March 2020 18: 59
                    The film of 2016, our Russian. For me, so OCH.on an amateur .... Roman Madyanov plays in it.
                    1. +1
                      11 March 2020 10: 02
                      And I liked it, pulled it into quotes. drinks to each his own!
                      There is a place where the king scolds Benckendorff for some "double steamers". I started digging - there was such a project in the 30-40s of the 19th century. For the winter, the Gulf of Finland got up because of the ice. Indeed, there was a project of a catamaran steamer that was supposed to play the role of an icebreaker! But .. they didn’t! drinks
              2. +5
                10 March 2020 16: 39
                "Repent, Ivanitch! You will get a discount!" (FROM)
                1. +4
                  10 March 2020 16: 43
                  "Repent, Ivanitch! You will get a discount!"

                  Let it go first sausage give tangerines! stop And only then repents how much fit!
              3. +4
                10 March 2020 19: 25
                This is a call to the collection, no less.
                And who will share the guilt of Trilobite and his master?

                The topic of the dissertation is dogmatic and didactic.
                1. +5
                  10 March 2020 20: 46
                  Trilobite and its owner?
                  Bravo, Sergey !!!
                  First of all, it is a matter of communication culture. Michael has repeatedly voiced a claim to distort his nickname. However, many, with a tenacity worthy of a better application, continue to associate our comrade with his pet. Which, in my opinion, borders on insult (Article 130 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
            2. +5
              10 March 2020 19: 09
              "they were so decent and well-mannered people" the key word: "WERE"
              1. +3
                10 March 2020 22: 08
                Women and cards.
                1. +3
                  11 March 2020 09: 59
                  Women and cards.

                  lack of money due to women and cards. laughing
          3. +6
            10 March 2020 18: 56
            Mikhail (Trilobite) - "If it were not for the girls, then to what respectable age would grandfather not have lived?" According to your logic, it turns out that girls are relied on as a prize for longevity?
            1. +5
              10 March 2020 19: 07
              Quote: Astra wild
              girls mean

              Girls in this case are used as a therapeutic agent, so they do not mean anything. And if they begin to mean they should be sent to those who are younger, let the girls mean nothing to them, older and respectable gentlemen ... smile
              But the train of your thoughts, dear Astra, I like. smile hi
              1. +2
                11 March 2020 09: 56
                But the train of your thoughts, dear Astra, I like.

                Yeah, me too ku. wink Colleagues, I glanced briefly at what you said yesterday with all the kagal .... what
                Sergey-Korsar4 summarized best of all:
                And the same thoughts come to mind. Is it contagious?

                Here either to establish a sect ... or an interest club .. laughing I am grateful to you all and everyone individually drinks
            2. +4
              10 March 2020 19: 12
              Faith! A set of girls is first of all laid for merit to the fatherland, and only then as a medicine! laughing Well, the doctor had such a method!
              1. +4
                10 March 2020 19: 37
                Interesting? And this aesculapus conducted clinical trials !!!? feel
                1. +4
                  10 March 2020 19: 41
                  But how could it be otherwise ??? To set up experiments on a well-deserved person? First I tried this method myself. I liked it! Well, the method went to the people. laughing
                  1. +3
                    10 March 2020 19: 49
                    Advertising is the engine of progress! Although in case of failure they could have put on a count !!!
                    1. +4
                      10 March 2020 19: 54
                      It seems to me that no one will find the strength to refuse such a treatment! On a count? wink
                      1. +2
                        11 March 2020 09: 52
                        It seems to me that no one will find the strength to refuse such a treatment! On a count?

                        and what, we continue the philosophical dispute "string or stake"? wink especially under the article of the esteemed Valery .... drinks
                2. +5
                  10 March 2020 20: 48
                  Did you train on "cats"?
                  1. +4
                    11 March 2020 08: 15
                    Hi Anton! Laughter with laughter, but the Germans during the war conducted experiments to combat hypothermia. So the best option for salvation turned out to be a naked female body. It is not clear, of course, that in conditions of war, yes, in the North Atlantic or in the Arctic, it’s difficult to find naked beauties ,but nonetheless.
                    1. +4
                      11 March 2020 08: 22
                      Interestingly, someone asked the "naked female body" if it works in the opposite direction ...
                      1. +4
                        11 March 2020 08: 32
                        I think not. The experiments were held in concentration camps.
  4. +9
    10 March 2020 08: 17
    The restored appearance of the Cilician pirate.

    Punitive expedition of the Romans against the pirates.
    1. +6
      10 March 2020 11: 32
      This pirate watched his appearance.
      1. +7
        10 March 2020 12: 48
        This pirate watched his appearance.

        ... manicure-pedicure, styling, a ship with illumination, and a volume of Homer's poetry in your pocket - read aloud to the port "ladies". wink not that brutal Corsairs! drinks "Do not wash your hands, do not wash, and drink!" (song of Swedish pirates, film "Young Russia") wink
        1. +5
          10 March 2020 13: 20
          A hybrid of the pharaoh and captain Levasier from our movie.
          1. +5
            10 March 2020 13: 29
            A hybrid of the pharaoh and captain Levasier from our movie.

            which is, EMNIP, Yarmolnik played? I really didn’t watch this film, to be honest ... request the book is better, one figs! good
            1. +5
              10 March 2020 13: 42
              Yes. Of course, the book is better.

              "But honey ...
              How do I know
              What is not in the world
              More beautiful than you? "(C).
              1. +6
                10 March 2020 13: 52
                More beautiful than you?

                For me there is no more beautiful than you
                But I catch your eyes in vain
                Like a vision, elusive
                Every day you pass by .... crying
            2. +5
              10 March 2020 20: 08
              From Yarmolnik Levasser is just like a natural treasury laughing , then talk about the dominance of the fifth column in our cinema. As in that very short anecdote: "Jewish janitor". Well, not a janitor, so a stoker. Brodsky. laughing I repeat: I am not an antisimite, but wherever you spit, even theirs Churbanfuehrer in the credits have corresponding names. I was swollen at one time, when the artist Nosik (who is the first Nosik), over a glass of port, began to tell who is hu in their acting world, except for Vysotsky, no one turned out to be "hu". request
              1. +5
                11 March 2020 00: 01
                And where did the humble girl from the poor Jewish surname Mordyukova go? Just marry a potential Standartenführer! laughing
    2. +2
      10 March 2020 19: 09
      Konstantin! Greetings! And what does this brutal representative of piracy have on his belt below? Wonder how it looks like a set of spinners! laughing
      1. +3
        10 March 2020 20: 11
        Sergei, below the waist, as I understand it, they had their own customs regarding communication with women. And what hangs or stands there, this mystery covered with the darkness of time is. With all questions on details to Valery. drinks
      2. +3
        11 March 2020 10: 03
        It’s amazing how it looks like a set of spinners!

        I also had a look at it! laughing
        1. +2
          11 March 2020 13: 27
          Hi Nikolay! Here we are, big-eyed !!!! And Konstantin something: * stands, hangs *. And we are about spinners !!!! laughing laughingYes, even sends to Valery!
          1. +3
            11 March 2020 13: 31
            And Konstantin something: * stands-hanging *. And we are about spinners !!!!

            Sergey, what else can you expect from an experienced hussar-entertainer with a pond and an ATV? laughing What are spinners to him if he catches his "mermaids" for another bait? wink drinks
            1. +2
              11 March 2020 13: 33
              In, in !!! And he also mentioned Akhmetka the janitor and his son Ravilka below !!!!! laughing laughing laughing Joker!
              1. +3
                11 March 2020 13: 45
                And he also mentioned Akhmetka the janitor and his son Ravilka below !!!!! Joker!

                not that word! wink experienced an entertainer, and, one might say, without any moral brakes! laughing (Uncle Kostya, you see - do not be offended, we are loving and respecting this! drinks )
                1. +2
                  11 March 2020 13: 48
                  And so it is! Indisputable! soldier
                  1. +2
                    11 March 2020 14: 03
                    And so it is! Indisputable!

                    it is a pity that Uncle Kostya did not participate in the discussion about what to experience with the esteemed Astra and Valery Ryzhov - thongs or count. what I think our knowledge, imagination and methodological material could be significantly enriched! laughing colleagues - jokes! Do not be offended! drinks
                    1. +2
                      11 March 2020 20: 24
                      Aha! Not involved? Down pay attention! Interested in the topic! wink wink wink
                      1. +2
                        11 March 2020 20: 31
                        Aha! Not involved? Down pay attention! Interested in the topic!

                        not just interested, but reacted intricately! wink Give him starched underpants! laughing
  5. +6
    10 March 2020 08: 21
    And later "entertainment" of all kinds of Barbarossa and Turgut-Reis.

  6. +5
    10 March 2020 08: 57
    Good article. To anyone interested in the history of piracy, I recommend "The Great Hour of the Oceans" by Georges Blon
    1. +6
      10 March 2020 10: 37
      To anyone interested in the history of piracy, I recommend "The Great Hour of the Oceans" by Georges Blon

      there a separate section was devoted specifically to Mediterranean piracy. Chic book, support! good
      1. +3
        10 March 2020 18: 45
        Hi Nikolay, I listened to the recommendation of the respected Cassidy, and I downloaded this book !!!! hi
      2. +4
        10 March 2020 20: 21
        Kohl, there are, unfortunately, enough lies. In the seventies I swallowed this book, and then buried myself in a chronological description of the raiding "Emden" (Blon's "The Last Corsair", sort of like that) in a serious source. Almost everything in Blon, to put it mildly, is fantastic and has nothing to do with either "Emden" or his officers. Read the memoirs of von Mücke, the chief officer of this cruiser, and everything will become very clear. So the rest of the Blon's "oceans" must be trusted with caution. At first I didn’t want to write about it, but you shouldn’t be silent either, people will read, but you don’t need to believe what you read. request
        1. +3
          11 March 2020 09: 57
          So the rest of the Blonovskoe "oceans" must be trusted with caution.

          Mozheiko also lied a lot about "Pirates, corsairs, raiders". What can you do! request
          1. +2
            11 March 2020 19: 31
            Mozheiko, which is Kir Bulychev?
            1. +3
              11 March 2020 20: 00
              Mozheiko, which is Kir Bulychev?

              yes, Sergey. Under his real name, he wrote books on history and history. "Seven and Thirty-Seven Wonders", for example. "West Wind - Clear Weather" is a rather serious work on the Second World War in the Pacific Ocean. hi
  7. +4
    10 March 2020 10: 18
    The Armenians from Carakeos threw Spartacus, stole everything he had stolen in Roman campaigns. Crassus and Pompey, having decided to get back these treasures, were drawn into a Malaysian adventure. And if Pompey got away with fighting the Cilician pirates, Crassus, who moved further to Parthia under the Maps, was not lucky at all.
    The theme of the confrontation between Asia and Europe smoothly flowed from the time of Darius and Alexander the Great to the foundation of Constantinople and the fall of Rome. The success of the land Ottoman Turks, who took over the local sailors of the Greeks, Armenians and others to repel the emerging aggression of Catholic Europe, seemed quite justified. But the gold of the New World crumpled over these sketches after the arrival of the Young Turks. The new game in this region looks real after the Russians (Syria) enter there and connect its strategically important geographical, economic (resource) potential.
  8. +9
    10 March 2020 12: 35
    In 1516, Aruj came to the aid of the ruler of Mauritania, Sheikh Selim al-Tumi: it was necessary to capture the Penon fortress built by the Spaniards. It was not possible to take it then - the task was only possible for his younger brother Khayr ad-Din. But Aruj decided that he himself would be a good emir. He drowned an excessively gullible ally in the pool, then - he executed those who expressed indignation on this occasion - only 22 people. Proclaiming himself Emir of Algeria, Aruj prudently recognized the power of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I.
    Do not defame the name of an honest Berber pirate with accusations of deceit. The local population decided to get rid of the Turkish pirate, who did not bother himself by storm and acted in a businesslike manner in the city and made a conspiracy, which Selim al-Tumi led. But Aruj was ready for such a turn and drowned the schemer in the pool. So this is solely for the purpose of self-defense.
    1. +6
      10 March 2020 18: 05
      Victor Nikolaevich, in that case Uruj had good counterintelligence. It is unlikely that Selim at Tumi said that he was going to "tame" Uruja
      1. +5
        10 March 2020 22: 14
        The eastern guys do not have such a thing as counterintelligence, there and so everything and everything, a priori, is bought and served. People, things, ships, and more. Caribbean pirates, they may be somewhat bloodthirsty and nastier, but they did not have sugary oriental ambiguity and betrayal. Simple guys: robbery under the nose.
  9. +7
    10 March 2020 17: 59
    Valery, thank you very much for your cycle, I know practically nothing about Maghreb pirates. Except for the novels: "Angelica and the Sultan", "Riskator". I didn't read anything else.
    1. +4
      10 March 2020 22: 17
      Angelica has something to watch, but it makes no sense to read. Especially the former Soviet girl. Phew. love
      1. +2
        11 March 2020 19: 22
        Konstantin, firstly, the film "Angelica" is very beautiful and very popular. Secondly, I said where I got my knowledge of the Maghreb pirates.
        1. 0
          11 March 2020 20: 05
          Dear Vera, children are crazy about "Buratino", but I am not obliged to take seriously even "beautiful" nonsense. love smile
          1. +2
            11 March 2020 20: 17
            Ha! HaHa! laughing Well, very ladies' novels, these adventures of Angelica! But the argument is not the last, but it's beautiful! laughing laughing laughing
            1. +1
              11 March 2020 20: 28
              Yes, I didn’t read them, Sergey, there was enough kina from me. request smile
              1. +1
                12 March 2020 21: 48
                Konstantin (sea cat), I read novels (rented) and watched the film. To be honest, the novels are not the same: there are interesting ones, there are weak ones. The film is wonderful: it keeps in suspense, vivid scenes, a good game of actors, perhaps the film is better
                1. +2
                  12 March 2020 21: 51
                  Faith, do not understand, decrypt.
            2. +1
              12 March 2020 21: 34
              Wasn't the movie beautiful?
              1. 0
                12 March 2020 21: 51
                What are you talking about?
  10. +7
    10 March 2020 18: 44
    Good evening to the venerable meeting! Valery, thank you for the article, excellent! Of course, very good. I liked the method of treatment for the famous admiral / yes, and how can such a person not like the normal orientation? /. But didn’t you think that the portrait of Suleiman, on the engraving you cited wildly and very much like a Turkish actor from * The Great Age *. More precisely, the actor is like a sultan! Thanks again! I wait, I wait to continue. Yes and the comments are wonderfully good! with a few exceptions.
    1. +6
      10 March 2020 19: 42
      So, this, too, play the role of Peter I, or Lenin with Stalin. External data is decisive !!!
      1. +5
        10 March 2020 19: 45
        Halit Ergench! That's what this actor’s name is, he really looks very much like Suleiman, from this very engraving.
        1. +5
          10 March 2020 19: 54
          Lucky man. Will be the life of the Sultans to play!
          1. +4
            10 March 2020 19: 57
            And he is generally a rather sought-after actor, and his filmography is impressive. But this is of course the main role of life, today.
          2. +4
            10 March 2020 20: 00
            I’m sinful, but I watched this series. And you know, I liked it! But until then, until they changed the actress in the role of Hurem.
            1. +4
              10 March 2020 20: 01
              I did not bother!
              1. +3
                10 March 2020 20: 03
                Well, not fatal! It was my campaign that she made her compose, well ..... got involved.
        2. +5
          10 March 2020 22: 27
          Serge, and when did you see Suleiman, is Suleiman anhydrite a mother !? I have heard. that in Moscow today and the devil with horns can be found, you better know, but remember our old Samoteku, except for Ahmetka the janitor there was no one there. And you, like with a hangover, some squirrels are jumping, Sulejmany, edrena mother ... Come home, instead of Ahmetka his son Ravilka sweeps the sidewalks there ...
          1. +3
            11 March 2020 07: 30
            Hi Konstantin! Well, just do not touch the holy feeling, the hangover! laughing I just compared the engraving with the image of Suleiman with the actor who played it. And the janitor was called Uncle Timur. He was a big fan of port!
      2. +5
        10 March 2020 22: 37
        But no, our Western colleagues do not at all adhere to the similarities of morphophysionomies in their films. And rightly so, it all depends on the talent of the actor and the skill of the director. Remember the scene in the movie about Pearl Harbor when the legless Roosevelt stood up to prove to everyone that the impossible is not. And what, the actor there was like the FDR? It's all about talent. And the director and actor. Let's just say: among ours, Kaydanovsky alone is a complete zero, but Tarkovsky was able to make him a Stalker about which people still argue, and not only in Russia.
        1. +5
          11 March 2020 00: 12
          So you can say that Tim Burton Helena Bonham-Carter made an actress ... request negative
        2. +3
          11 March 2020 08: 23
          Opp! Excuse me, but why didn’t you please Kaidanovsky? With a rather ordinary appearance / exception-eyes! / His talent is indisputable in my opinion. Another matter of the role! But this did not depend on him.
  11. +1
    11 March 2020 19: 03
    Quote: Kote Pan Kokhanka
    Advertising is the engine of progress! Although in case of failure they could have put on a count !!!

    Which is better than thong?
    1. +2
      11 March 2020 19: 09
      Oh! Oh! Oh !!!!!! Again, again, again, these thongs !!!!!! am laughing am am laughing Nikolay, enter the arena, Vera wants to discuss something.
      1. +2
        11 March 2020 20: 01
        Hello, Sergey!
        It’s kind of embarrassing to discuss intimate issues with women, but still it would be interesting to know how ladies relate to starched thongs. With questions about the stake, I would refrain, they may misunderstand. hi
        1. +2
          11 March 2020 20: 13
          No, thank you !!!!! I thought this topic has exhausted itself. Oh! How naive I am! recourse stop stop stop
          1. +3
            11 March 2020 20: 26
            The theme is inexhaustible, as are human fantasies. Then again the minSYOR appeared, to see the Golovan was released from Kichy. laughing
            1. +2
              11 March 2020 20: 45
              Uh, empty! I just downloaded Brian Barrow * Enemies of society *! History of gangsters, this is the topic! Satisfied !!!! to purr! good fellow
              1. +2
                11 March 2020 20: 55
                Yes, brother, you were inspired by ec by Valery with your pirates that you switched from marine bandits to land ones. laughing drinks
                1. +2
                  11 March 2020 21: 16
                  By the way, this book is close to documentary research.
                  1. +1
                    11 March 2020 21: 38
                    So you would take it seriously, you look, and you will please us with a serious article on this topic. Otherwise, we are all on business and not on business here quoting Alphonse Capone about "a revolver and a good word", and to whom and where he gave this "aphorism" no one really knows.
                    1. +2
                      11 March 2020 22: 21
                      Cat
                      Today, 22


                      No, I'm against armed hooliganism.
                      Just with a gun the words are more intelligible and more fun.
                      I'm twenty-five, my name is Fox, I'm a gangster.
                      I explain to people simple things -
                      Like, this is mine. And this is mine. And this.
                      Yes
                      1. +3
                        11 March 2020 22: 27
                        "This is for you, this is for me, this is for you again, this is for you, this is for you all the time!"


                        Our home-grown "porcupines" are somehow dearer to me. wink
                2. 0
                  12 March 2020 18: 28
                  Well, I’d call them “risk-takers” * these submarines of drug lords, and their speed boats? And if from the earlier, then the episode from * Once in America *? Remember how they used sugar / or salt? / Used in self-serving goals? laughing It’s quite a universal guys.

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"