Anti-aircraft artillery on display at the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution

23

In the 1930s, China and Germany cooperated closely in the economic and military spheres. Germany participated in the modernization of industry and the army in exchange for supplies of Chinese raw materials. More than half of German exports of military equipment and weapons until 1937, it was in China. The Germans supplied modern aircraft at that time, light Tanks PzKpfw I, artillery pieces and mortars, small arms and ammunition. Germany also helped with the construction of new and modernization of existing defense enterprises. So, with German support, the Hanyang Arsenal was modernized, where rifles and machine guns were produced. In the vicinity of the city of Changsha, the Germans built an artillery factory, and in Nanjing, an enterprise for the production of binoculars and optical sights. Although cooperation between Germany and China ended in 1937, until the early 1950s, the Chinese army was mainly armed with German-style 7,92 mm rifles. Also in China there was a lot of German artillery.

In July 1937, full-scale hostilities began between Japan and China. Already in December 1937, after the Japanese army captured Nanjing, the Chinese army lost most of its heavy weapons. In this regard, the leader of the nationalist Kuomintang party, Chiang Kai-shek, was forced to seek support from the USSR, the USA, Great Britain, the Netherlands and France. Fears about Japanese expansion in Asia prompted the governments of these countries to provide China with loans for military needs and provide assistance with weapons. Until 1941, the main military support came from the USSR. About 5 Soviet citizens visited China: military advisers, pilots, doctors and technical specialists. From 000 to 1937, the USSR supplied the Kuomintang with 1941 aircraft, 1285 artillery pieces, 1600 T-82 light tanks, 26 light and heavy machine guns, and 14 vehicles and tractors. Oil refineries and aircraft assembly plants were built on Chinese territory. After the termination of military-technical cooperation between the USSR and the Kuomintang in 1850, the United States assumed the main burden of supplying China with equipment, weapons and specialists.



Thus, the Chinese armed forces in the late 1930s and early 1940s were armed with a motley mixture of weapons produced in Europe, America and the USSR. In addition, the Chinese army very actively used Japanese-made equipment and weapons captured in battle. After the surrender of the Kwantung Army, the Soviet command handed over to the Chinese Communists a significant part of the Japanese trophies, which were subsequently used against the Kuomintang and in the Korean War.

The ground floor of the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution displays a rich collection of anti-aircraft guns made in China and other countries. In the second half of the 1930s, the air defense of the Kuomintang troops was strengthened by several dozen 20-mm anti-aircraft guns 2,0 cm Flak 28 and 2,0 cm FlaK 30. According to some reports, the assembly of 20-mm anti-aircraft guns 2,0 cm FlaK 30 was carried out in Huan province, at an enterprise in the vicinity of Changsha.

Anti-aircraft artillery on display at the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution
20-25 mm towed anti-aircraft guns in the collection of the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution

The 20 cm Flak 2,0 28 mm anti-aircraft gun was created on the basis of a universal 20 mm gun, which in turn was descended from the Becker automatic gun, which appeared at the end of the First World War. Unlike the Becker gun, which used a low-powered 20x70 mm ammunition, the new 20-mm machine gun was created for a more powerful 20x110 mm cartridge, with an initial velocity of 117 g of a projectile - 830 m / s. The mass of the gun without wheels is 68 kg. Rate of fire - 450 rds / min. Food was supplied from 15-round box magazines.


20 mm anti-aircraft gun 2,0 cm Flak 28

In the brochures of the Oerlikon company, it was indicated that the reach in height was 3 km, in range - 4,4 km. The effective firing range was about half that. However, for the mid-1930s, when the first 20mm anti-aircraft guns appeared in China, they posed a great danger to Japanese combat aircraft operating at low altitude.

The 20 mm 2,0 cm FlaK 30 anti-aircraft gun was developed by Rheinmetall in 1930. The advantages of this weapon included simplicity of design, the ability to quickly disassemble and assemble, and relatively low weight. The automatic building sight, with the correct data entry, made it possible to conduct fairly accurate shooting. The data required for vertical and lateral lead were entered manually into the sight and determined visually, except for the range, which was measured by a stereo rangefinder.


20 mm anti-aircraft gun 2,0 cm FlaK 30

During transportation, the gun was placed on a two-wheel drive and secured with two brackets and a connecting pin. It took only a few seconds to remove the pin, after which the clamps were loosened, and the system, together with the carriage, could be lowered to the ground. The carriage provided the possibility of circular fire with the highest elevation angle of 90 °. The installation had a recoil device and the supply of ammunition from the magazine for 20 rounds. Rate of fire 240 rds / min. For firing from 2,0 cm FlaK 30, 20 × 138 mm ammunition was used, with a higher muzzle energy than 20 × 110 mm shells intended for the Oerlikon 2,0 cm Flak 28 anti-aircraft guns. barrel at a speed of 115 m/s. Also, the ammunition included armor-piercing incendiary tracer and armor-piercing tracer shells. The latter weighed 900 g and at an initial speed of 140 m / s at a distance of 830 m pierced 300 mm armor. Thus, the 25-mm anti-aircraft gun could effectively deal with both combat aviationas well as light tanks.

In 1935, Breda Meccanica Bresciana, based on the French 13,2 mm Hotchkiss Мle 1930 machine gun, created the universal 20 mm Cannone-Mitragliera da 20/65 modello 35 mount, also known as the Breda Modèle 35, which used the Long Solothurn cartridge. - 20x138 mm. The same ammunition was used in German anti-aircraft rapid firers: 2,0 cm FlaK 30, 2,0 cm Flak 38 and 2,0 cm Flakvierling 38.


20mm Breda M35 anti-aircraft gun

Shortly after the start of serial production of the Breda M35, the Chinese government purchased a batch of 20-mm anti-aircraft guns. Italian-made anti-aircraft guns were intended to provide air defense units of the 87th, 88th and 36th divisions of the National Army. In China, the 20 mm Breda was used as a light anti-aircraft gun and anti-tank weapon. Food, as in the French machine gun, came from a rigid clip-tape for 12 rounds. The clip was fed from the left side, and as the cartridges were used up, it passed through the receiver and fell out on the right. Rate of fire - 500 rds / min. A well-trained calculation could develop a combat rate of fire up to 150 rounds / min. The mass of the installation is about 340 kg. Vertical aiming angles: -10° to +80°. When separating the wheel travel, it was possible to fire in the 360 ​​° sector.

In addition to the German and Italian 20-mm anti-aircraft guns, the Kuomintang troops had a number of M1935 Madsen anti-aircraft guns at their disposal. The Danish small-caliber cannon chambered for 20x120 mm caliber, according to the principle of operation of automation, repeated the rifle-caliber Madsen infantry machine gun with a short barrel stroke and a swinging bolt. The air-cooled barrel was equipped with a muzzle brake. Food was supplied from box magazines for 15 or drum magazines for 30 shells. The 20-mm automatic gun on a universal machine was popular with foreign buyers in the second half of the 30s and was widely exported.


20-mm anti-aircraft gun M1935 Madsen on a universal wheel-tripod machine

The M1935 Madsen anti-aircraft gun had a record low mass for its caliber, its weight was only 278 kg. Rate of fire - 500 rds / min. Combat rate of fire - up to 120 shots / min. The effective range of firing at air targets is up to 1500 m. The ammunition included shots with armor-piercing (weight 154 g), armor-piercing tracer (146 g), fragmentation (127 g) projectile. An armor-piercing projectile with an initial velocity of 730 m/s could penetrate 300 mm of armor at a normal range of 27 m.

The exposition of the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution also has a Japanese 20-mm Type 98 universal mount. This weapon was developed from the very beginning as a universal one. It was assumed that 20-mm rapid firers would not only protect the front line of defense from bombing and assault strikes, but also be able to fight light tanks.


20 mm anti-aircraft mount Type 98

The principle of operation of the Type 98 automation was repeated by the French 13,2 mm Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun. For firing from the Type 98, a 20 × 124 mm shot was used, which is also used in the Type 97 anti-tank rifle. normals pierced 20 mm armor. In a combat position, the anti-aircraft gun was hung out on three supports. If necessary, fire could be fired from the wheels, but the accuracy of the fire fell. The anti-aircraft installation could fire in a 109 ° sector, vertical aiming angles: from -1400 ° to + 835 °. Weight in combat position - 250 kg. Rate of fire - 30 rds / min. Combat rate of fire - up to 360 rds / min. Power was supplied from a 5-round magazine. The maximum firing range is 85 km. The effective firing range was about half that. Production of the Type 373 small-caliber anti-aircraft gun continued from 300 to 120. About 20 5,3-mm anti-aircraft guns were sent to the troops.

Very often, 20-mm machine guns were installed in the back of trucks to protect against aircraft and attack by sabotage groups. A small number of Type 98 anti-aircraft guns were captured by Chinese guerrillas. Three dozen captured Japanese-made 20-mm anti-aircraft guns were handed over by Soviet troops to the troops of Mao Zedong, who in the second half of the 1940s waged an armed struggle against the Kuomintang. Anti-aircraft 20-mm guns, which were at the disposal of the Chinese communists, were rarely used for their intended purpose. Most often, they fired at ground targets, supporting their own infantry.

During the Second World War, the most famous and massive Japanese small-caliber anti-aircraft gun was the 25-mm Type 96. This anti-aircraft gun was developed in 1936 on the basis of the Mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes gun of the French company Hotchkiss. The most serious difference between the Japanese model and the original was the equipment with a flame arrester from the German company Rheinmetall. The anti-aircraft gun was towed, in a combat position the wheel drive was separated.


Type 25 96 mm anti-aircraft gun

A single-barreled 25-mm anti-aircraft gun weighed 790 kg and could be rolled over by a crew of 4 people. Stores for 15 shells were used for food. The rate of fire of a single-barreled machine gun was 220-250 rds / min. Practical rate of fire: 100-120 rds / min. Elevation angles: from -10° to +85°. The effective firing range is up to 3000 m. The reach in height is 2000 m. The fire was fired with 25-mm shots with a sleeve length of 163 mm. The ammunition could include: high-explosive incendiary, fragmentation tracer, armor-piercing, armor-piercing tracer shells. At a distance of 250 meters, an armor-piercing projectile weighing 260 g, with an initial speed of 870 m / s, pierced 35-mm armor.

In addition to the Type 96 single-barrel anti-aircraft guns, twin and triple ones were also produced in Japan during World War II. Single-barreled and twin 25-mm anti-aircraft guns were used mainly on land, while built-in ones were installed on ships and stationary positions.


Japanese twin 25 mm anti-aircraft gun

A paired 25-mm installation was mounted on a four-wheeled wagon with detachable wheels. Its weight in combat position was 1110 kg. Calculation - 7 people. For towing, a truck with a carrying capacity of 1,5 tons was used. Single-barrel installations were often transported in the back of a truck.

Before the surrender of Japan, about 33 000-mm anti-aircraft guns were produced, which were very widely used in hostilities. After the surrender of the Kwantung Army, among the trophies taken by the Red Army were about 25 Type 400 single-barreled and twin anti-aircraft guns, and a significant amount of ammunition. Most of the 96-mm anti-aircraft guns with ammunition were donated to the Chinese communists. Subsequently, these installations were used against the Chiang Kai-shek and during the fighting on the Korean Peninsula. Captured Japanese 25 mm anti-aircraft guns were in service with the PLA until the early 25s, when they were replaced by Soviet and Chinese-made guns.

After the Soviet Union stopped providing military assistance to the Kuomintang, large-scale deliveries of American weapons began. Thus, among the anti-aircraft guns of Japanese and Soviet production, the museum's collection includes a 40-mm Bofors L60 anti-aircraft gun. This weapon is included in history as one of the most advanced and massive means of combating an air enemy during the Second World War, and is still in service in a number of states. According to archival data, the Kuomintang received more than 1947 80-mm anti-aircraft guns before 40.


40-mm anti-aircraft gun Bofors L60

Compared to 20-25mm high-speed anti-aircraft guns, the Bofors L60 gun had a longer effective fire range and height reach. A fragmentation 900-gram projectile left the barrel at a speed of just over 850 m / s. The rate of fire is about 120 rds / min. Reach in height - up to 4000 m. The anti-aircraft gun was mounted on a four-wheeled towed wagon. At the firing position, the frame of the carriage fell to the ground for greater stability. In case of urgent need, shooting could be carried out from wheels, without installing supports, but with less accuracy. The mass of the anti-aircraft installation in combat position is about 2000 kg. Calculation - 5 people.

Although the Chinese army had fairly modern anti-aircraft guns during the war with Japan, they did not have a noticeable effect on the course of hostilities. First of all, this was due to the fact that the command of the Kuomintang used anti-aircraft guns separately and did not organize a network of posts for monitoring the air situation. In addition, the preparation of Chinese calculations was very weak. The commanders of the anti-aircraft batteries in most cases were unable to determine the range, altitude and speed of the Japanese aircraft, and at best, rapid-firing anti-aircraft guns fired barrage. As a rule, from 1937 to 1945, anti-aircraft artillery in China covered headquarters and large air bases, and military units were defenseless from attacks by Japanese bombers. In part, the Chinese were saved by the fact that after the US entered the war, most of the Japanese military aviation was involved not in China.

During the Second World War, the most massive Japanese anti-aircraft gun was the 75-mm Type 88 gun. This gun entered service in 1928 and by the beginning of the 1940s had become obsolete.


Type 75 88 mm anti-aircraft gun

In the transport position, the Type 88 gun weighed 2740 kg, in combat - 2442 kg. The anti-aircraft gun had a circular fire, vertical aiming angles: from 0 ° to + 85 °. The maximum reach in height was 9 km, in range when conducting anti-aircraft fire - 12 km. The Type 88 was fired using the 75x497R projectile. In addition to a fragmentation grenade with a remote fuse and a high-explosive fragmentation projectile with an impact fuse, the ammunition included an armor-piercing projectile weighing 6,2 kg. Leaving the barrel 3212 mm long with an initial speed of 740 m/s, at a distance of 500 m when hit at a right angle, an armor-piercing projectile could penetrate armor 110 mm thick. Although the 75 mm Type 88 anti-aircraft gun was capable of firing up to 20 rounds per minute, there were many complaints about the excessive complexity and high cost of the gun. The process of transferring the gun from transport to combat position and vice versa was very time consuming. Particularly inconvenient for the deployment of anti-aircraft guns in a combat position was such a structural element as a five-beam support, in which four beds had to be moved apart and five jacks unscrewed. The dismantling of two transport wheels also took a lot of time and effort from the calculation.

The history of the 75 mm Japanese anti-aircraft gun displayed in the museum is not known. Most likely, as in the case of the 25-mm Type 96 anti-aircraft guns, the 75-mm Type 88 guns were handed over to the Chinese communists after the defeat of Japan. Captured Japanese 75-mm anti-aircraft guns were not in service with the PLA for a long time, and already in the mid-1950s they were supplanted by 85 and 100-mm Soviet-made anti-aircraft guns.

Next to the 75-mm Japanese anti-aircraft gun in the museum's exposition are Soviet 85-mm anti-aircraft guns of the 1939 model. Unfortunately, the explanatory plate only says that these are 85 mm M1939 guns. A specific modification of the guns and their track record are not indicated.


85 mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1939

Before the war in the USSR, they managed to put 2630 anti-aircraft guns mod. 1939 (52-K). In total, during the war years, more than 14000 85-mm anti-aircraft guns were fired. Anti-aircraft guns of different years of production differed from each other in a number of details. Changes were made to reduce the cost of production and improve combat performance. In 1944, the 85-mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1944 (KS -1). It was obtained by imposing a new 85-mm barrel on the carriage of an 85-mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1939 The purpose of the modernization was to increase the survivability of the barrel and reduce production costs.

The 85-mm anti-aircraft gun of the 1939 model weighed about 4500 kg and could fire at aircraft flying at an altitude of 10 km and at a distance of up to 14000 m. The rate of fire was up to 20 rounds / min. In total, over the period from 1939 to 1945, the industry of the USSR produced more than 14 000-mm anti-aircraft guns. These guns were actively used against American aircraft in Korea and Southeast Asia. In China, 85-mm anti-aircraft guns were operated until the end of the 85s.

Another anti-aircraft gun that had Soviet roots and fought on the Korean Peninsula and in Vietnam is the 37-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun of the 1939 model of the year (61-K). This 37 mm anti-aircraft gun was created on the basis of the Swedish 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun.


37 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun mod. 1939

According to the passport data, the 37-mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1939 could hit air targets at a distance of up to 4000 m and an altitude of 3000 m. The effective range of anti-aircraft fire was about half that. Rate of fire - 160 rds / min. The mass of the gun in combat position without a shield was 2100 kg. Calculation - 7 people. Until 1947, more than 18000 37-mm anti-aircraft guns mod. 1939 After the formation of the People's Republic of China, about three hundred anti-aircraft guns were received from the USSR in 1949. According to some reports, in addition to the 37-mm anti-aircraft guns mod. 1939 were transferred 40-mm Bofors L60, received by the Soviet side under Lend-Lease during the Second World War. The volume of deliveries of Soviet anti-aircraft guns to the PRC increased significantly after Chinese volunteers took part in the Korean War.


The Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution presents three 37-mm anti-aircraft guns to the attention of visitors. On the shield of one of them ten red stars are drawn. Unfortunately, the explanatory plate for this sample does not say anything about what the stars represent. It is extremely unlikely that the crew of this anti-aircraft gun managed to shoot down so many enemy aircraft. Most likely, this is the number of enemy air raids, in the reflection of which the gun took part. In the 1950s, in the PRC, at the enterprise of the China Northern Industrial Corporation (Norinco), under the designation Type 55, the production of 37-mm anti-aircraft guns mod. 1939. The twin version was named Type 65. Chinese-made 37-mm anti-aircraft guns were supplied to North Vietnam and used to repel American air raids. At present, most of the 37-mm anti-aircraft guns in the PRC have been withdrawn from service.

During the Second World War, it turned out that for the anti-aircraft guns in service with the Red Army there was a “difficult” altitude range: from 1500 m to 3000 m. anti-aircraft guns, this height was too small. In order to solve the problem, it seemed natural to create a rapid-fire anti-aircraft gun of some intermediate caliber. In this regard, the development of a 25-mm gun was started, which was put into service in 37 under the designation S-76.


57-mm automatic anti-aircraft guns on display at the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution

The 57-mm S-60 anti-aircraft gun in combat position weighed 4800 kg. Rate of fire - 70 rds / min. The initial speed of the projectile is 1000 m / s. Projectile weight - 2,8 kg. Reach in range - 6000 m, in height - 4000 m. Calculation - 6-8 people. The ESP-57 follower battery set was intended for azimuth and elevation guidance of a battery of 57-mm S-60 guns, consisting of eight or less guns. When firing, PUAZO-6-60 and the SON-9 gun guidance radar were used, and later the RPK-1 Vaza radar instrumentation system. All guns were located at a distance of no more than 50 m from the central distribution box.

Soviet anti-aircraft batteries, equipped with 57-mm machine guns, covered objects on the territory of the DPRK during the Korean War. According to the results of combat use, the S-60 gun was modernized, after which it was mass-produced until 1957. In total, 5700 guns were handed over to the customer. Since the late 57s, 1950-mm anti-aircraft guns have been produced in China under license under the designation Type 57. However, the RPK-1 Vaza was not supplied to China, and batteries of 57-mm anti-aircraft guns were operated with outdated gun-guidance stations. Taking into account the fact that the PRC produced its own 57-mm anti-aircraft guns, it is not known whether the original Soviet S-60s are presented in the museum or whether these are their Chinese clones.

The heaviest anti-aircraft gun on display at the Military Museum of the Chinese Revolution is the 100 mm Type 1959 anti-aircraft gun. This gun is a Chinese version of the Soviet 100 mm KS-19M2 anti-aircraft gun.


Type 100 1959 mm anti-aircraft gun

The first modification of the KS-19 entered service in 1948. The 100-mm anti-aircraft gun of the 1947 model (KS-19) ensured the fight against air targets that had a speed of up to 1200 km / h and flying at an altitude of up to 15 km. All elements of the complex in a combat position were interconnected by electric cables. Pointing the anti-aircraft gun to a preemptive point is carried out by the GSP-100 hydraulic power drive from POISO, but it was also possible to point manually. In the KS-19 cannon, the following were mechanized: setting the fuse, sending the cartridge, closing the shutter, firing a shot, opening the shutter and extracting the cartridge case. Combat rate of fire 14-16 rds / min. In 1950, in order to improve the combat and operational properties, the artillery unit and the hydraulic power drive were modernized, after which the gun received the designation KS-19M2. To control the fire of the battery, the SON-4 gun-guided radar station was used, which was a two-axle towed van, on the roof of which there was a rotating antenna in the form of a round parabolic reflector with a diameter of 1,8 m. From 1948 to 1955, 10151 KS-19 guns were manufactured, which before the advent of air defense systems, they were the main means of combating high-altitude air targets.

Chinese-made 100mm anti-aircraft guns fired on American bombers during the Vietnam War. In the 1970-1980s, several dozen stationary concrete positions were built on the territory of the PRC, on which Type 1959 anti-aircraft guns were constantly on combat duty. A number of 100-mm guns are still preserved in the PLA coastal defense units deployed along the coast Taiwan Strait.

To be continued ...
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23 comments
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  1. +12
    5 February 2020 18: 06
    Well done Chinese, all branches of the military have museums under the roof and with an abundance of interesting exhibits. Thank you for the gorgeous review with many photos, as I visited myself. Thanks again!
  2. +4
    5 February 2020 18: 26
    Thanks for the review. I learned that the Germans were even posting to China. Thank you.
    1. +6
      5 February 2020 20: 29
      And here minuses, ah, for a neutral post. Someone stepped on the corn lol Thanks again to the author for a series of articles. And the Chinese are great, they didn’t hand over the samples for scrap.
  3. +7
    5 February 2020 18: 47
    I have not read it yet (so, I looked it diagonally and left it for "homework" smile ). To be honest, I envy you - even according to the "prospectus" it is not given to everyone to tell in such detail and at that time intelligibly about these types of weapons, plus moments of their history ...
    1. +3
      6 February 2020 02: 44
      Quote: dzvero
      To be honest, I envy you - even according to the "prospectus" it is not given to everyone to tell in such detail and at that time intelligibly about these types of weapons, plus moments of their history ...

      As the saying goes, "you can't drink away skill" ... lol Seryozha has repeatedly said about this that he writes only about what he himself is interested in and prefers unhackneyed topics. A tip to this museum was given by our relative, who is studying in Beijing.
      1. +2
        6 February 2020 09: 36
        Agree smile The author was responding to my old comment in this spirit, so I'm "in the know" smile Still impressive. He developed his own style, very suitable for educational programs like me. Even if I know something, it is still read with interest. Have a good day! drinks
      2. +3
        6 February 2020 19: 34
        It is noticeable when the author loves the topic and it is easy to read. Andrey from Chelyabinsk, I swallowed his cycle about ships in the REV, Ryzhov likes Peter Ulrich and reads with pleasure. It is noticeable when the author loves the material, and when he writes out of necessity
  4. +6
    5 February 2020 19: 46
    Good review, kudos to the author.
  5. +8
    5 February 2020 20: 27
    Namesake hi Great! Only one bewilderment caused me - how to supply all this variety with ammunition? Of course, I understand about the gift horse, but do you need to "feed" it? request How did they solve the problem, if in short?
    1. +4
      6 February 2020 02: 18
      Sergey, good time!
      Quote: Svarog51
      Only one bewilderment caused me - how to supply all this variety with ammunition? Of course, I understand about the gift horse, but do you need to "feed" it? request How did they solve the problem, in short?

      To be honest, I don't know... request There is nothing in the sources about it. I can assume that, taking into account the fact that 2,0 cm FlaK 30 was assembled in China, ammunition for them was also produced. As for the 20-mm machine guns of Italian and Danish production - only imports. 20-25-75-mm Japanese anti-aircraft guns in a noticeable amount were at the disposal of the PLA after the surrender of Japan. They, like stocks of ammunition, were transferred to China by the USSR. Same with 40mm Bofors. Soviet 37-mm, 57-mm, 85-mm and 100-mm were supplied as part of military-technical cooperation, since the mid-1950s, the Chinese themselves began to produce ammunition for them.
      1. +4
        6 February 2020 08: 41
        Here is the variety. belay These are only calibers, but also the sleeves are different. Did they use our 23 mm?
        On the other hand, the people in the production of all this are busy. Ammunition cannot be stored indefinitely, it must be updated.
        1. +3
          6 February 2020 14: 34
          Quote: Svarog51
          Did they use our 23 mm?

          At the final stage of the war in Southeast Asia, the USSR supplied the ZU-23 to the DRV, where the Chinese got acquainted with them. In China, a copy of the ZU-23 was adopted in the mid-80s under the designation Type 85.
          Quote: Svarog51
          On the other hand, the people in the production of all this are busy. Ammunition cannot be stored indefinitely, it must be updated.

          Subject to the storage conditions and production technology, artillery rounds can be stored without problems for several decades.
          Sergey, you may be interested in the modern army air defense of the PLA.
          https://topwar.ru/154167-sovershenstvovanie-sistemy-pvo-knr-na-fone-strategicheskogo-sopernichestva-s-ssha-ch-8.html
          1. +3
            6 February 2020 14: 55
            I read it, but didn't comment on it. good
            If all this diversity is in working order and there is a bq for it, it’s probably sold out? With the development of aviation and air defense, there is no point in storing the barrels that are being withdrawn from the PLA in warehouses. request Only completely worn ones should be sent for remelting. Some rarities may interest military museums.
            1. +3
              6 February 2020 15: 03
              Quote: Svarog51
              If all this diversity is in working order and there is a bq for it, it’s probably sold out? With the development of aviation and air defense, there is no point in storing the barrels that are being withdrawn from the PLA in warehouses.

              You see, anti-aircraft guns can be mothballed for a very long time. In the PLA, only completely obsolete 37-mm machine guns and 85-mm anti-aircraft guns were removed from service. 57-mm and 100-mm in China are still formally in service. It is clear that 100-mm ones are ineffective against modern combat aircraft and have survived only in parts of the coastal defense, and for 57-mm it is necessary to use new projectiles with radio or programmable fuses. The rest of the line of anti-aircraft artillery and ZPU is still in the Chinese armed forces.
            2. +3
              6 February 2020 15: 08
              In the early 1990s, in Spassk-Dalny, I found a trained anti-aircraft artillery regiment. There, in addition to more modern anti-aircraft guns, there were even twin 37-mm B-47 anti-aircraft guns in good condition. With a workable radar field, against low-altitude targets, in combination with MANPADS, and short-range mobile complexes "Strela-10" and "Osa", they could be quite effective.
              1. +2
                6 February 2020 15: 26
                With proper storage, it is certainly durable. And if you put your hands and head on, then you can do something modern. It just makes no sense to attach drives and other control electronics to old trunks. It’s easier to do everything new, even rapid-fire machine guns. For the sake of truth, it must be said, now there is nothing in Syria. They stuff it into a pickup truck and go ahead - a modern cart, moreover, quite dangerous.
                1. +3
                  6 February 2020 15: 36
                  Quote: Svarog51
                  With proper storage, it is certainly durable. And if you put your hands and head on, then you can do something modern. It just makes no sense to attach drives and other control electronics to old trunks.

                  Well, the barrel-barrel is different, something of course is hopelessly outdated, but something else is quite capable. For example, the Chinese 14,5 mm functional analogue of the ZGU-1. Quite a workable thing against low-altitude air targets. If necessary, it can also work on the ground.
                  Quote: Svarog51
                  For the sake of truth, it must be said, now there is nothing in Syria. They stuff it into a pickup truck and go ahead - a modern cart, moreover, quite dangerous.
                  And there is. Yes If a weapon, despite its age, is capable of fulfilling its purpose, what is the point of getting rid of it? With anti-aircraft guns, there are generally no special problems during conservation, remove the sights and cover with a layer of cannon fat, and they can be stored under canopies protected from precipitation for a very long time. By and large, it doesn’t matter how old an anti-aircraft gun that shot down a modern aircraft, a helicopter or a drone. Even barrage fire is capable of disrupting the fulfillment of a combat mission by means of an enemy air attack. And this is the main purpose of air defense units.
                  1. +1
                    6 February 2020 15: 42
                    By and large, it doesn’t matter how old an anti-aircraft gun that shot down a modern aircraft, a helicopter or a drone. Even barrage fire is capable of disrupting the fulfillment of a combat mission by means of an enemy air attack. And this is the main purpose of air defense units.

                    That's what I thought too. For the protection of stationary objects - it is quite possible to use. It won't be redundant.
  6. +5
    5 February 2020 21: 00
    The variety of sizes of 20mm cartridges is impressive. Respect the providers!
    Leaving the barrel 3212 mm long with an initial speed of 740 m / s, at a distance of 500 m when hit at right angles, an armor-piercing projectile could penetrate 110 mm thick armor.
    Well, if only Japanese armor (apparently it was as bad as their ship or even worse)
  7. +5
    5 February 2020 22: 35
    Something like these deliveries did not help them with the development of technology at that time ....
  8. +1
    6 February 2020 16: 02
    Why I love open expositions of museums - although it’s impossible, but you climb in - our head of the fur will not miss a single Chinese piece of iron :))


  9. 0
    7 February 2020 10: 05
    However, the RPK-1 Vaza was not delivered to China, and the batteries of 57-mm anti-aircraft guns were operated with outdated gun-guidance stations. Taking into account the fact that the PRC produced its own 57-mm anti-aircraft guns, it is not known whether the original Soviet S-60s are presented in the museum or whether these are their Chinese clones.


    I watched a feature film in China about anti-aircraft gunners, who worked on an analogue of the Soviet 57 mm S-60.
    The film reflected the training of the calculation: with the help of a large-scale silhouette of the aircraft, the instructor set an introductory note on the movement of the aircraft, changing the azimuth and direction of movement of the silhouette using a bamboo pole, and the calculation manually made changes to the aiming of the gun, POISOT was not seen in the film.
    Given some artistic fiction - a visual way of teaching calculations.
  10. TVK
    +1
    8 February 2020 00: 30
    The review is interesting, you can only add and clarify something. The fact that there is a "difficult" range for anti-aircraft guns available in the USSR was known even before the war, so my grandfather Loginov M.N. made back in 60. Before leaving for the Crimea for treatment, where he died, he dictated everything to his deputy L.A. Loktev, who, due to certain circumstances, took up it only at the end of 1940. Returning from evacuation in 1942, he continued to work and completed the cannon together with Grabin only by the end of the forties. With "hundred" almost the same story. It already passed factory tests in May 1943 and was recommended for adoption after modifications under the index 1940K. However, my grandfather did not have time to finish this cannon either. After the war, Lyulyev finished it already at a plant in Sverdlovsk, where the plant was evacuated at the beginning of the war from Kaliningrad (KS) near Moscow.

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