Ural-375: the ideal of a war chariot

Ural-375

BORN IN US

The Ural Automobile Plant in Miass by the end of the 1950s was a sad sight: minor improvements to hopelessly outdated cars of the UralZIS series and the absence of a serious design bureau. They could not develop their car, all that was left was to hope for the assembly of other trucks created in third-party offices. Naturally, no one in the automotive industry was in a hurry to share defense contracts with a minor plant in Miass. So, it was necessary to find an enterprise that could develop machines, but it couldn’t produce. This was the Research Automotive Institute (NAMI, the last time we heard about it in connection with the development of the presidential Aurus limousine). Of course, the leaders of the Miass factory were unlikely to dictate their will to Moscow engineers and designers. This role was played by the Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, when it placed an order for a 5-ton army truck, distinguished by its original design, that is, not developed on the basis of an already existing model. Nikolai Ivanovich Korotonoshko, who oversaw the development on the basis of one concept of several all-terrain vehicles with wheel formulas 020x4, 4x6, 4x6, 6x8 and 4x8, became the chief designer of the machine, which was named NAMI-8.

One of the sketches of the future all-wheel drive by US

In December 1956, the first metal-made machine was NAMI-020 with a three-axle all-wheel drive chassis, a direct ancestor of future Urals. We dealt with the task with US very quickly: less than three years have passed since the receipt of the task and the assembly of the first prototype. For the domestic industry of those years, this is simply an outstanding indicator, since most of the technology was developed two and three times longer. This is not to say that the truck was designed from the ground up by US, but part of the components and assemblies was borrowed. From MAZ-200 they took a gearbox, a transfer case from MAZ-502, Zilovites provided an experienced eight-cylinder engine with a capacity of 180 liters. s., and GAZ designed the cab. Even at first glance it can be seen that in Gorky they didn’t especially “bother” with the design and actually scaled the GAZ-51 cockpit.

Among the progressive developments in the future “Ural”, a passing middle bridge stood out. Compare with the ZIL-157 with its complex five-card transmission, borrowed from the Lendlizovskoy Studebaker. But Zakhar will go into production only in 1958, two years after the release of the prototype NAMI-020.

Among the purely “military” features of the future Ural, a centralized tire inflation system, airtight drum brakes and a cockpit roof hatch stood out. Tests showed a high cross-country ability of the car, as well as moderate fuel consumption even in comparison with the younger GAZ-63 and ZIS-151.

NAMI-020 could be like that

NAMI-020 - the predecessor of the Ural truck series

When they decided to launch the production of the NAMI-020 machine, the Ural Automobile Plant was not the only contender. At first they thought about the Moscow ZIL, then about the distant steam locomotive plant in Ulan-Ude. ZIL in the near future was to master the production of lighter trucks of the 130 and 157 series, so it was quickly rejected. Well, Ulan-Ude didn’t come for an obvious reason of excessive remoteness both from the consumer of the product and from the allies. And here the Miass enterprise turned out to be very useful in a crisis situation. We agreed with the plant manager A.K. Rukhadze and the chief designers S. A. Kurov on the preliminary reconstruction of the enterprise under such a complex truck model and sent NAMI-020 to Miass. And the staff of the institute in 1958 was awarded the second degree diploma of the All-Union Industrial Exhibition for the creation of a cross-country vehicle.

There was another modification of the NAMI all-wheel drive vehicle with the formula 6x6, it had the index 021. This truck was almost the same as the NAMI-020, but was distinguished by a long wooden cargo platform, adjacent to the cab. To do this, I had to place a spare wheel together with its hydraulic lift system under the floor of a body located above.

Transport version of the future "Ural" - NAMI-021

In Miass, a special design bureau was created for a promising machine, led by engineer Titkov Anatoly Ivanovich (now alive) in March 1957. To exchange experience and quickly put the machine on a conveyor, at least twenty development specialists of the future Ural moved from NAMI to Miass. It would seem that everything is ready for the development of production. But then the Ministry of Defense intervened in the GABTU - their plans for the car changed.

Gold medalist

In Miass, the first joint development with NAMI specialists was the truck with the long name "UralZIS-NAMI-375", dated 1958. Here we already see the future index of the legendary truck and the old name of the Ural Automobile Plant. The car, by the way, was redesigned according to the requirements of the military.

Firstly, the front and rear axles were unified, which forced the engine to be raised, and this led to a change in the front of the cab. Now all the crankcases of the main gears were located in one line, which had a positive effect on the patency of the truck. Secondly, the gas cabin was removed and a hybrid made of ZIL-131 with the famous panoramic glass (divided, however, into two parts) and the front end of its own design. The steering, front suspension, a reinforced frame and new wheels have also been changed compared to the NAMI-020.

After improvements, “UralZIS-NAMI-375” drove to the test, which showed that everything is bad and unreliable. In the book of Yevgeny Kochnev “Automobiles of the Soviet Army 1946-1991.” It is indicated that only a part of the transmission and tire inflation system remained alive after the test cycle. I had to modify the car, and at the same time bring it into line with the newly changed requirements of the main customer.

UralZIS-NAMI-375

I must say that the first real Ural, which received the 375T index, was released quite quickly after large-scale alterations - already in 1959. It is interesting that the cabin was now with a cloth top and hinged windows, but this was not done for the airlift of the truck. The main goal of this innovation is to enhance the anti-atomic resistance of machines buried along the line of windows in the ground. In addition, all transmission and frame components were reinforced, and the engine was modernized.

Strictly speaking, the Ural-375T was a pre-production vehicle in the “transport” version, that is, with an elongated wooden body, but the Ural-375 was an artillery tractor, which went into production on January 31, 1961. The tractor was designed to tow 5-ton trailers off-road and 10-ton on solid roads.

Among the borrowed serial trucks were units from the MAZ-200: single-plate clutch, gearbox, front suspension, towing unit, pneumatic equipment of the brake system, middle axle drive shafts, steering gear and intermediate cardan. Even the Moskvich-407 car shared with the giant the universal joint of the driveshaft, which the Urals used in the steering shaft. SHRUS also were in design "seamless" from the timber truck MAZ-501. Zilovtsy gave the Urals individual components of the tire inflation system, since they were almost the only ones in the world who knew how to make them. The motor was also a Moscow ZIL-375 with a capacity of 175 liters. from.

What was its Ural in “Ural”? In fact, only a transfer case, center differential and spring-balancer suspension. Having absorbed all the most progressive of the domestic auto industry, the Ural-375 hit the conveyor with a frankly crude machine. During the pre-series state tests, a paradoxical thing happened: the order to put the car in series was signed before the end of the research cycle. At the same time, the truck did not behave off-road in the Chelyabinsk region in the best way. The clutch broke down, radiators flowed, electrical equipment failed, springs and shock absorbers broke, and the main problem was the brakes that jammed and overheated ... One vehicle on the downhill in a mountainous area had brakes, then a hand brake, and when trying to brake the engine at speed under 90 km / h clutch disintegrated. Only by a miracle the driver was able to keep the car to a complete stop on the road.

The first serial "Urals-375"

With all the depressing results of state tests (tens of pages of comments were the result), the Miass plant received a plan for 1960 to produce 300 cars. The army's demand for an artillery tractor of this class was very high, and, obviously, the State Academic Technical University decided to correct the shortcomings already in the production process. This case dragged on for several years, but in 1969 it was crowned with international success: Ural-375D received a gold medal at an exhibition in Leipzig.

To be continued ...

Comments

[Alexga]

Before the Ural-4320, the 375D was the best car for the army! Hardy, warm, even for Transbaikalia, easy to repair. Well, 93 gasoline in those days was enough in the army.

[Lexus]

Well, 93 gasoline in those days was enough in the army.

Control flow, if I'm not mistaken, 49 l / 100 km. The military has a norm (without coefficients) of 69 l / 100 km. If “something went wrong” in the carburetor, he could “burst and not choke” much more than a hundred.
GOLD car. In every sense, both bad and good.

[Alexga]

I started to serve, then the norm was 75 liters per 100 km. Counted 100 per 100

[Lexus]

I started to serve, then the norm was 75 liters per 100 km.

There was a case. Then they lowered it. I don’t remember what it was “tied” to.

Counted 100 per 100

And there are a lot of allowances: a column, with a trailer, the nature of use, road conditions, season, region.
The most epic one is "arctic" + 150%. This is for those regions where the engines of regularly operated cars do not turn off in winter.
And they SUM.

[Alexga]

I had the pleasure of pouring diesel fuel into the cooling system in the Urals in winter with a closed battery during exercises near Bulgan in the MPR. I didn’t jam for three days, we loaded onto the platform in half with grief, drove 800 km, pulled the houses off the platform, started up from a tugboat. Then only 1 head was replaced, it was blown between 2 and 3 cylinders. Reliable assembly, thanks to its creators!

[Ile ham]

Likewise, in 1989, 200 liters were accidentally poured into the GB. to the tank. They turned off the engine only when they rested against a concrete wall, otherwise - nothing. On a position of a DB dragged on a rigid coupling.

[Alexga]

Yeah! What only we did not do to complete the task.

[Fitter65]

Quote: AlexGa

I had the pleasure of pouring diesel fuel into the cooling system in the Urals in winter with a closed battery during exercises near Bulgan in the MPR. I didn’t jam for three days, we loaded onto the platform in half with grief, drove 800 km, pulled the houses off the platform, started up from a tugboat.

We had a "specialist" in our unit who also told how they poured diesel fuel into the cooling system in winter ... The armored personnel carrier, when leaving the airport checkpoint, burst into flames, then they restored it for 4 years, thank God they wrote it off in 1992 ...

[Krasnoyarsk]

Quote: lexus

And they SUM.

And I evaluate him not as a driver or an auto mechanic, but as an operator. I had a ZIL-130, a ZIL-157 and a Ural-375. The 130th is not bad on a good road, the 157th is good on a bad road, but bad on a good one - more than 70 km / h his poor one shakes like in delirium tremens, but the Ural ... 5 tons of cargo. and he rakes the snow with a bumper across the field and nothing goes! In general, our Soviet army equipment was good! One GAZ-66 was worth what.

[knn54]

We went to the Pamir-Alai. Without cargo (KUNG) about 90 liters per 100 km. "Nenazhera", as the driver from the Poltava region said.

[sergey32]

Recently I wrote. My father-in-law bought 375 Urals in the early 90's from storage. He immediately removed the carburetor engine, and if it doesn’t fail, he traded for something in the bus depot. Stuck diesel Mazov six. Here he is in the taiga, where only they did not climb on it. And he ate diesel fuel very moderately. But the truth really did not give more than 70. Then he sold it to the leshoz, bought 4320 and regretted it. The KAMAZ engine is revolving, it didn’t stretch off-road like that, and it broke more often. The old Urals was an army, almost unkilled.

[avia12005]

In Nerchinka, in 1986, the Mazovian "six" was installed at the TZ based on the Ural-375D. It turned out great. True, the 23 VA car service swore for a long time, but then they began to cite as an example

[dgonni]

Armeys4th zero of cancellation of 75 per hundred on the road and one hundred on one hundred on the road!

[Lexus]

Armeis 4th Zloma write-offs 75 per hundred

The current Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 65-92 states that it is still 69. "Clean" rate, no allowances.
Here is the link
https://www.audar-info.ru/na/editArticle/index/type_id/5/doc_id/24454/release_id/50110/sec_id/267501/
True, you have to search, there are many numbers inside.

[dgonni]

I served with the union. 75 as from a bush. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has already begun to save?
Yes, and he does not fit even at 75 on the road.

[Lexus]

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has already begun to save?

In the 90s, the military stopped riding corny. In those volumes that were under the USSR. Every arrival of fuel, food, property, money was rejoiced like children.

[alatanas]

In the Bulgarian Army (until 1991), the consumption rate for URAL 375D was 80 l / 100 km.

[The leader of the Redskins]

The Ural gasoline engine was no mere whim. It was believed that when "throwing to Da Mang" these trucks would be able to refuel at all gas stations in Europe.

[Lexus]

"throw to Da Mang"

The English Channel.
I think that our cars would have died a bit from their fuel quality.

[dgonni]

And was the Soviet army motorists refusing to refuel at a gas station at the same gas stations? But did the tankers yes?

[lwxx]

? But did the tankers yes?

Tanks have an omnivorous engine, maybe even alcohol . God forbid

[Alf]

Quote: lwxx

Tanks have an omnivorous engine, maybe even for alcohol. God forbid

Are you afraid that you won’t reach the diesel engine, everything will remain to the crew and the crew?

[dmmyak40]

I think in this situation you need to be afraid of one thing: they will wipe the interfocal distance to the holes ...

[Alekseev]

Quote: AlexGa

Before the Ural-4320, the 375D was the best car for the army!

And on the cross, there is an opinion that the 375D is even better due to the lower load on the front axle, because the diesel is 300-400 kg heavier.
But fuel consumption ... But Ural could eat 76 gasoline, its compression ratio is 6,5, like that of the ZIL-131. Most likely, the AI-93 was used to increase power by making the ignition timing earlier, perhaps a different camshaft.

[dgonni]

Ural piston has 108 mm, in contrast to 100 for zil. Therefore, to prevent detonation, we used the 93rd

[ssergey1978]

And here the piston diameter, the compression ratio is not great 6.5 is quite for 76. The piston diameter was increased to increase the engine capacity from 6 liters to 7.

[dgonni]

Do you read the theory of engine building?
In two words! The larger the diameter of the cylinder, the more prone it is to detonation.

[ssergey1978]

I don’t need to read it. What kind of discipline is such a theory of engine structure? Have you invented it yourself? He graduated from the Technical University of Automobile and Automotive. About the piston diameter killed of course.

[dgonni]

So they studied poorly.

[ssergey1978]

He studied well. But you do not have knowledge. Otherwise, they would not be dishonored.

[dgonni]

Bad at the same time very bad. Otherwise, we would know that with the same cylinder volume and compression ratio, a cylinder with a larger cylinder area is more prone to detonation.

[ssergey1978]

For the gifted, all this is treated (lunch mixture) with the diameter of the exhaust valve.

[ssergey1978]

HL230 engine piston diameter 145 mm. compression ratio 6.8. engine displacement 23 liters. does not expose anything

[chenia]

Quote: ssergey1978

He studied well. But you do not have knowledge. Otherwise, they would not be dishonored.

Bad.
The area of ​​the combustion chamber is much larger (one of the causes of detonation), and with the same SS, you need to fill in gasoline with a higher octane rating. It is for diesels that the piston diameter (for increasing power) can be increased, while for gasolines only with the number of cylinders (well, with equal things).

[ssergey1978]

Do not write nonsense. Have you understood what you are writing?

[chenia]

Quote: ssergey1978

Do not write nonsense. Have you understood what you are writing?

Clear. Further arguing is useless. You can throw out the diploma.

[ssergey1978]

Can you essentially answer? I gave an example of an internal combustion engine that has a piston diameter greater than that of the Urals, a compression ratio greater than that of the Urals, displacement is greater than that of the Urals. The purity of rotation is the same. Gasoline is worse. There for some reason there is no detonation. Detonation does not depend on the diameter of the piston naturally if the diameter of the intake valves copes with its task. About the limitation on the displacement on gasoline ICEs in general is nonsense. The restriction on the cylinder displacement is imposed due to a galloping moment (and gasoline net rotation is high) and as a result + cylinder wear in an ellipse. Diesel engines have a lower speed so cylinder displacement may be larger

[chenia]

Quote: ssergey1978

Gasoline is worse

This is the first reason + additives. High-octane (and horseradish low-calorie, or a system with the addition of water, or with a large percentage of residual gases) gasoline SLOWS combustion reaction - increasing the octane number (but at the same time, the flow rate increases at equal power (get at high speeds).

Quote: ssergey1978

Detonation does not depend on the diameter of the piston

Depends and very much. Well, read the textbook, it describes the causes of detonation - and one of them (significant) is a large combustion chamber (area).

Quote: ssergey1978

The restriction on cylinder displacement is imposed due to a galloping moment (and gasoline net rotation is high)

Well, first of all, it's called shifting the piston. And the frequency limit is imposed by the piston speed in the cylinder (15 m / s). Formula -1 is not to be offered, there is an engine for one race (18000 rpm is a short-path, turbocharged two charges are clogged and this is 1,6 liters, the total volume of cylinders.)

[ssergey1978]

or with a large percentage of residual gases, you decide already.
You yourself want to prove to me that for ICEs with a large piston diameter, the probability of detonation will increase. And write that the detonation is choked with residual gases (which is true). But the residual gases is just the point that there are more of them when, with an equal degree of compression, the cylinder diameter is larger.

[chenia]

Quote: ssergey1978

But the residual gases in

And there is a percentage of the charge. And this is a matter of seals and valves. It is possible and forced. About 30 years ago, in 2103, I brought the tube out of the collector into the sub-interstitial. And there were no problems with 76. Month. Then the throttle jammed from deposits. I had to wash the carburetor. Residual gases to combat detonation are good, but energy is falling. So. that everything is in moderation. Another way is a super-poor fuel assembly (here, and efficiency is growing) - but there are problems with ignition and inadequate combustion.

[ssergey1978]

I drive Gloria engine neo diy SS11 eats all kinds of fuel non-tonation no. Even at 92 in the heat. Dvigun is also not over the poor imprisoned

[ssergey1978]

No need to tell me about shifting the piston, except for working out an ellipse there are still a bunch of buns. It is because of the tipping moment of the ICE.

[chenia]

Quote: ssergey1978

It is because of the tipping moment of the ICE.

Do not invent your own terms. Something was only on airplanes (rotary engines). And lower diesel engine speeds are associated with the peculiarity of fuel ignition during injection. At high speeds for diesels, it is necessary either to increase the SS (and it is already almost two times larger), or to carry out a force. By the way, diesel engines now have a speed of over 5000, (i.e., to the limit of 15 m / s). And they have a lot of rotators always more, well, and where is this moment?

[ssergey1978]

Tipping moment is an official term. Textbook Car. V. Lenin (namesake
) low rotation of diesel engines due to the high mass of the CPG which comes from a high SS.

[ssergey1978]

This moment is compensated by balancing shafts. On the UAZ 2.9 liter 4 cylinder made contrary to the fundamentals of the engine of the structure but cheap and cheerful. Wear ellipse left to consumers.

[chenia]

Quote: ssergey1978

in addition to working out under an ellipse there are still a bunch of buns

That's right, the most important thing is the "bite" by the first compression, the cylinder wall at TDC

Quote: ssergey1978

low rotation of diesel engines due to the high mass of the CPG

The fact that dynamic loads lead to an increase in the CPG is unambiguous, but this affects the mechanical efficiency more (increased inertial loads).
And here is why it is initially low - see DESILING.
Naturally, evolution also solved this problem - diesel for 5000 rpm. Not unusual.

Well, we have gone from the essence., - that the CS area does not affect detonation.? And this is not written in the textbook?
.

[ssergey1978]

HL230 engine piston diameter 145 mm, compression ratio 6.8. engine capacity of more than 23 liters.

[Rostovchanin]

Do not believe me, this morning in the Far East, Khabarovsk Territory, time 6-40, I sit and warm up the Ural-4320 reading this article, frost -21 starts up easier than easy. True, the in-line six is ​​already standing, but it also traveled to yamz-238, 236. I climbed in the swamps of the north-west and through clay and chernozem of the south and through the snows of Yamal, now I’m operating it on the hills of the Far East. Pleases with the new brake system. The crane installation on the chassis 4320, weight 22,5 climbs through the mud like crazy. You’ll get stuck, you’ve lowered your wheels and you’re going on. There are some bad charms, but this is an all-terrain vehicle, not a limousine.

[Grits]

Quote: Rostovchanin

Do not believe me, this morning in the Far East, Khabarovsk Territory

You warm up the car in the Far East, and the nickname "Rostovchanin", and the face on the avatar really looks like an American friend ... You are a suspicious comrade ...

[Rostovchanin]

Well, such a job ... I’m building gas pipelines and compressor stations ... but they’re building them in more than one place ... I’ve built them on the Black Sea coast, on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, on the Yamal Peninsula, and on the banks of the Amur River now. .. builders do not sit still

[dmmyak40]

Dzhubga-Lazarevskoye-Sochi did not have to put?

[Rostovchanin]

No, the southern corridor was the Russian cop, the Cossack

[Chaldon48]

Without armor, this machine is only capable of operating in the deep rear.

[Grits]

Quote: Chaldon48

Without armor, this machine is only capable of operating in the deep rear.

Yeah. She would have helicopter screws and a gun from the battleship - in general, the price would not have been.

[Phil77]

* Look to the left, look to the right, if there is a Russian "Ural" * This is what the Germans of the GDR used to say. Article +.

[Alf]

Quote: Phil77

* Look to the left, look to the right, if there is a Russian "Ural" * This is what the Germans of the GDR used to say. Article +.

Especially if you remember what the Trabants made of ...

[Phil77]

Excellent! Just excellent! Laughed heartily !!!

[Ravil_Asnafovich]

Our name was glutton, and to be honest, after the appearance of the Urals 4320, newer ones were transferred to military vehicles and duty tractors, and started up in any weather without any problems.

[kind]

Who in the USSR considered gas mileage, especially in the army? !! ZIL-135LM 140 liters per hundred guzzled, though with two engines, but honestly walked along the highway at 70 km / h. I operated both ZIL and Ural-375 D, the cars for that time are very good !!!

[Vladimir_2U]

with a cloth top and hinged windows, but this was not done for the airlift of the truck. The main goal of this innovation is to enhance the anti-nuclear resistance of machines buried along the line of windows in the ground

The original solution, since there is nothing to blow, then nothing will blow away, everything is logical. )))

[Alf]

Quote: Vladimir_2U

with a cloth top and hinged windows, but this was not done for the airlift of the truck. The main goal of this innovation is to enhance the anti-nuclear resistance of machines buried along the line of windows in the ground

The original solution, since there is nothing to blow, then nothing will blow away, everything is logical. )))

Only the driver from behind the wheel will blow, write off in unavoidable losses.

[Grits]

Quote: Vladimir_2U

The original solution, since there is nothing to blow, then nothing will blow away, everything is logical

The main thing is to fall on the floor of the cab in time.

[Alf]

Quote: Gritsa

Quote: Vladimir_2U

The original solution, since there is nothing to blow, then nothing will blow away, everything is logical

The main thing is to fall on the floor of the cab in time.

And hold onto the pedals tightly.

[Grits]

Quote: Alf

And hold onto the pedals tightly.

Best with teeth. Because then with burnt hands you will also have to steer.

[Kaw]

Lendlizovsky Studebaker.

[dvina71]

Quote: Kaw

Lendlizovsky Studebaker.

The photo is good, but the topic is not about Zil-151, but about Ural-375 .. which is not connected with the student’s line from the word at all ..

[rocket757]

An interesting story is also the fact that EVERYTHING SHARED their very best developments, because it WAS TO A COUNTRY !!!
From myself, the Urals steers! I managed to enter the tram on the floor of the cabin and nothing, they returned to the unit themselves!

[VIT101]

What about a tram? From passengers did not fly in?

[rocket757]

Three in the morning ... the tram in the depot seemed to be driving.
Leningrad, narrow illuminated streets, wet paving stones ... slows down the Urals like a cow on ice.
Cadets in the back of a pile threw, crumpled slightly.
Lucky, the tram turned out to be "soft".

[Alf]

Quote: rocket757

Cadets in the back of a pile threw, crumpled slightly.

Muzzle not filled?
The conductor did not come up with the requirement to pay the fare?

[rocket757]

Not for travel, but I had to pay, for two weeks I drove the fighters to the ramp to work.
This option suited everyone, then this was practiced if the accident was not with a private trader.
There could be no problems with the cadets, discipline however, subordination, especially no serious injuries ... Then I flew from the commander ... but again, I had to get behind the wheel as needed. I didn’t drive, I just had the right to be a group commander and I had the right. In general, an ordinary army mess, twisted as they could.

[Alf]

Quote: rocket757

Not for travel, but I had to pay, for two weeks I drove the fighters to the ramp to work.

They took in kind.

[rocket757]

Few of our drivers have survived without accidents in Leningrad. The worst option is to hook a private trader ...
With Goss enterprises have always paid in kind. In the fleets there were always not enough laborers ......

[Alf]

Quote: rocket757

Worst case, catch a private trader ....

But this is a dream come true.

In my Samara it happened.

[Ryaruav]

just a masterpiece especially with a diesel engine and not with a voracious Zilovsky engine what clearance is a fairy tale soldier’s car

[Trevis]

Probably a favorite army truck!

[Rurikovich]

Quote: Trevis

Probably a favorite army truck!

If it is a diesel Ural-4320

[Alexga]

Somehow they decided to start 43202 from a tugboat without heating. On the street -32. Two hours dragged, smokes, but does not start. Then they put a blowtorch into the air duct and started a fly.

[Alf]

Quote: AlexGa

Somehow they decided to start 43202 from a tugboat without heating. On the street -32. Two hours dragged, smokes, but does not start. Then they put a blowtorch into the air duct and started a fly.

You would put a blowtorch in the duct, too, would start up instantly .. No offense.

[Alexga]

You shouldn’t be so. The result is important, on Kamaz - 740 the heater and valve must be in good condition.

[Alf]

Quote: AlexGa

You shouldn’t be so. The result is important, on Kamaz - 740 the heater and valve must be in good condition.

If you have accepted, I apologize.

[Alexga]

No no. No problem.

[meandr51]

I had 4320. As my friend, a former military driver, put it when I complained about the primitive "sofa" from the 90s. back in the cockpit: "What do you want, this machine must bring to the forward cannon, crew and shells, and then burn up during shelling ..."

[Free wind]

Pneumohydraulic brakes, it’s horrible, they refused only to go, and they drove them almost to the end, the brake fluid flooded the BSK, froze at -20, the steering wheel was extremely heavy, the impression was that the hydra there was only harmful. A wheel to wheel is just a song, unscrew the 8 nuts to remove the wheel and unscrew the 25 nuts to disassemble the wheel.

[Tima62]

Quote: Free Wind

A wheel to drive is just a song, unscrew the 8 nuts to remove the wheel

Why 8? - 10. ZIL 8, GAS 6.

[sergey32]

I remembered it was the case. We changed tires in the Urals. All by hand, with a sledgehammer in the corners. Five wheels changed, on the sixth they dulled - either the Christmas tree is on the wrong side, then the nipple is wrong. True, by that time we dabbled for three times for doping. He pulled out a filipper, and under him the nail of two hundred was somehow turned out. And all at once gathered.

[dgonni]

Everything turned out as always in the union. I blinded him from what was. And then that was something and fell in love. Yes, the cross is excellent. But if you sat down then drain the water. The winch drives. Pulling the same urals is very problematic. Braking in the Urals or is. Moreover, oak and grabbing at once and dead. Or, as a rule, they are not there. Why it wasn’t immediately possible to wipe pneumatics like Zila, I personally understand it. Engine gasoline masterpiece of wastefulness. Again, if they immediately stuck yamz 236 prices would not have been a car. The handout is great. There are no problems with bridges. The empty oak shaker, although clearly not a limousine, was in the cargo. The same 131st is much softer. Not a gram of speed. Even with a twisted limiter, it accelerates hard and does not go faster than 80 90. Aerodynamics to see. Although the 131st with an empty kung, though with difficulty, it lays the arrow to 120.
In general, a very mixed car.
P.S. with a diesel engine from Kamaz too heavy front. On peat bogs if empty dives in the face immediately on the bridges. If loaded, it’s like they take off the pressure in the tires ahead of time and forget about the empty tires.

[vadson]

it is not designed for high speeds, imagine what will happen to the crew and shells in the back and the cannon behind it at a speed of a hundred or more

[Dmitry Vladimirovich]

Better with shells - it’s so empty when it’s empty - it’s as if there is no suspension at all :)
Vertebrates in boots got enough sleep after a short trip - the slightest bump threw all who are in a body to a half meter :))
Although the ZIL-157 was no better - on the roads you could fly out of the body if you did not hold rolls for the bench :))

[Vasily]

Do not forget what year the car. 375th practically the same age as 157 ZIL. Why don't you compare them?

[svp67]

The person who decided in this way to change the appearance of a promising car and was able to defend it in front of the production workers, because it is much easier to take ready-made forms, just a GENIUS. He very accurately felt what kind of car it was. And even now, after so many decades, the "Urals" walking along the road cause some kind of inner awe and pride, only by their appearance.

[Grits]

Quote: svp67

"Urals" walking along the road cause some kind of inner awe and pride, only by their appearance.

Yes, in comparison with other trucks, the Urals are the most brutal.

[SASHA OLD]

Quote: svp67

The person who decided in this way to change the appearance of a promising car and was able to defend it in front of the production workers, because it is much easier to take ready-made forms, just a GENIUS. He very accurately felt what kind of car it was. And even now, after so many decades, the "Urals" walking along the road cause some kind of inner awe and pride, only by their appearance.

I agree. Himself how many years he worked in Surgutneftegas, the Urals alone were there, no matter how you take a look at it, it always makes an impression! beautiful and impressive

[Eug]

When a truck crane based on the Urals - 375 was used during routine maintenance at the GPR, a line of motorists with canisters was lined up for the position chief. And in the diesel impressed with the power and ease of movement on arable land.

[Usher]

And why didn’t they set double-side wheels? I noticed that usually if 6x6 then the oddball.

[bairat]

For cross. Dvukhskatki for hard coating.

[Alf]

Quote: Usher

And why didn’t they set double-side wheels?

On ZIS-151 burned.

[Potter]

Following the example of Studebaker, put on the ZIS-151. The designers made a model with single-axle rear axles, but the military and Likhachev wanted like a Student. Then they suffered with this - the rear axles make their wide track, and do not go along the laid track of the front axle. Hence the modernization to ZIL-157 with gable bridges. When creating NAMI-020, it was all clear. Almost completely its own development, 60 years in service - and will serve more than one year.

[svp67]

Quote: Usher

And why didn’t they set double-side wheels? I noticed that usually if 6x6 then the oddball.

Passed this option, but it turned out that the permeability dropped sharply.

[ssergey1978]

To increase patency on soft soils.

[Dmitry Vladimirovich]

Quote: Usher

And why didn’t they set double-side wheels? I noticed that usually if 6x6 then the oddball.

Only sloping, front wheels track, rear rams.

[faterdom]

Interesting car. But here is the hassle with her ...
Firstly, the appetite is to eat more than 70 liters of the 93rd !!! Gasoline even in the USSR was somehow, not comme il faut. Moreover, with a 300l tank, the Ural-375 did not have a 500-kilometer power reserve, in contrast to the column neighbors of the 131st and 66th.
Secondly, the strange work of all-wheel drive, when moving sideways from a slope, when the side of the wheels (left or right) hung in the air, it turned helplessly on this side, and the lower one stood deaf on the ground - that is, it was unclearly made a lock.
Doors - the impression that they were made on purpose to show: weaklings have no place for the Soviet army! They closed only with a good "bang", and in all the Urals that I saw, which is why the drivers who had moved to other cars were considered ... well, let's say, overly nervous.
And yet - the thick and long gearshift lever + the efforts to turn it on sometimes led to oh that it broke off at the bottom (or maybe the quality of the iron was), had to be inserted into the tube and welded.
When 4320 appeared, it was already a war machine!

[SASHA OLD]

Quote: faterdom

Secondly, the strange work of all-wheel drive, when moving sideways from a slope, when the side of the wheels (left or right) hung in the air, it turned helplessly on this side, and the lower one stood deaf on the ground - that is, it was unclearly made a lock.

four-wheel drive is normal, but:

Quote: faterdom

when going sideways from a slope, when the side of the wheels (left or right) hung in the air, helplessly twisted this side and the lower one stood muffled on the ground

it should be so ...

Quote: faterdom

that is, the lock is incomprehensibly made

(you mean interwheel differential locks) they are simply not there from the word "absolutely".
there is only an interaxle.
on "shishigs" and UAZs with "military" (gear) bridges there are inter-wheel "blocks", and here and there there are self-blocks (you don't need to stick them yourself, just a half-turn or turn one wheel will spin relative to the other - the self-block will work. : there in early versions with a lever, in later versions - with a button the cross-wheel diff is blocked.
There are pluses and minuses everywhere: on UAZs it is easier because less manipulations have to be done, but it so happens that this "one idle turn of the wheel" relative to the other is enough to "bury" and go for a shovel, and on "Helika" you go and go like this, ahead OPA! - off-road!, slowed down in advance (maybe not completely, at a low speed it will also work), stuck in the interaxis and both inter-axles in advance (there is no inter-axle in UAZs - there is a "part-time" system - a separately connected front axle, and Gelik's like on Niva - permanent all-wheel drive with an inter-axle diff, only there are no inter-wheel diffs on the Niva), cut in all the diffs - and you row yourself fully armed like a tractor.
the Urals have only an interaxle lock, there are no interwheels at all - that is, a free differential, that is, those wheels that have less load are turned

[AlexVas44]

Quote: SASHA OLD

UAZ vehicles with "military" (gear) bridges have inter-wheel "blocks",

They are not on the UAZ (interwheel), the usual differential. Then you write about it yourself: (there is no interaxis on UAZs - there is a "part-time" system - a separately connected front axle, ...)

[SASHA OLD]

Quote: AlexVas44

They are not on the UAZ (interwheel), the usual differential. Then you write about it yourself: (there is no interaxis on UAZs - there is a "part-time" system - a separately connected front axle, ...)

Yes, for sure, about UAZ I got excited, there aren’t these self-blocks there ...

[Tima62]

Quote: SASHA OLD

the Urals have only an interaxle lock, there are no interwheels at all - that is, a free differential, that is, those wheels that have less load are turned

The plant moves:
Cross-axle differential axles

With 2 square meters. 2003, at the request of the consumer, to increase the cross-country ability of Ural vehicles, cross-axle differentials with forced locking can be installed on the rear and middle axles.
https://www.uralst.ru/articles/tehniceskaa-informacia/b3_4.htm

[SASHA OLD]

Quote: Tima62

The plant moves:
Cross-axle differential axles

With 2 square meters. 2003, at the request of the consumer, to increase the cross-country ability of Ural vehicles, cross-axle differentials with forced locking can be installed on the rear and middle axles.

yes, for add. factory board, before the kulibins were stupidly brewed tightly (this is me talking about cargo "offroaders", and even now they boil and do not steam ..)

[Sether]

In the Urals of the latest releases, the middle and rear gearboxes have an interwheel differential lock and the front gearbox is left without locking, but it can be done at the factory and it was done before the blocker who performed on the truck trial

[SASHA OLD]

Quote: Sether

In the Urals of the latest releases, the middle and rear gearboxes have an interwheel differential lock

yes, as they say "finally"
before who had the Urals in private use and who regularly "climbed on the shit", these diffs were simply brewed tightly, sobsno like on the ZIL-131s and on many others

[Sether]

Feel the difference, a free differential that can be locked when necessary and unlocked when necessary and brewed when necessary and inappropriately, but you can’t change anything on the road and on the asphalt as7

[SASHA OLD]

Quote: Sether

Feel the difference, a free differential that can be locked when necessary and unlocked when necessary and brewed when necessary and inappropriately, but you can’t change anything on the road and on the asphalt as7

and I’m talking about those who regularly dirt through the mud. On the 131st with all the brewed diffs in the taiga went - a tractor! the usual 131st and was not standing nearby. on the road, yes: when turning, the steering wheel does not want to spin at all. I didn’t drive on dry asphalt, it will be even worse there.
There are many channels on YouTube, diffs are brewed there immediately after purchase: the car is initially taken for extreme "off-roading", how easy it will be for it on a dry flat road is the tenth thing

[san4es]

Newsreel of testing the Ural-375 cars in various climatic conditions.

[petrol cutter]

Immediately - delicious article. I ran sideways. I'll study it in more detail later.
To the author, continue to please. If possible more often. And then read something interesting, especially nothing.
But cars, my first love.

[75 Sergey]

So on it is a double-disc clutch based on the 130th ....

[dvina71]

Double-disc based on single-disc .. however .. everything is different there .. starting with the flywheel .. The only thing a hundred converges there .. the number of slots in the hub of the disk and on the gearshift shaft ..

[75 Sergey]

The driven disc is the leading clutch disc with "ears", driven unchanged (2-a), the flywheel differs only in the presence of "protrusions", and of the intermediate plate.
Not there are big differences, on the 130th the "basket" and the clutch disc stand up without alterations.

[BISMARCK94]

All the same, the Urals are epic and brutal. Fotkal once in Nizhny Tagil

[dgonni]

I still remembered. We had in our part a crane based on the 375th. Arrow truss paws were squeezed by manual jacks. The goner has not overclocked the motor for more than 35-40. Although for the crane installation, as it were, in parallel. They sent a new crane. Based on 4320. Hydraulic boom. Hydraulic paws. Work and rejoice.
Well that's all a saying
In general, the head of the car service comes to the unit commander with the act of writing off the 375th. All rite is a plane tree. The act is drawn up as it should and signatures of officers who are relevant to this are available. In general, only an approving visa and voila. The Urals goes to the god of fire and sparks for re-melting.
The commander read the actress. Then I raped the head of the car service in a perverted form for half an hour. I heard the whole headquarters. He asked a couple of leading questions such as a commander’s Volga and rafik for pleasure trips what they will ride on. Well, all the gentlemen, the officers are their Lada Muscovites nines and Volga than they will run,
After which the act was not approved. No repair parts were allocated essno. No vouchers were issued outside the unit. But on internal vouchers, he worked round the clock on the construction of art warehouses on the territory of the unit. Fortunately, they were built.
Those who signed the act, I mean officers, were excommunicated from 93 gasoline for 2 months.

[Tests]

dgonni (Djon), the respected name of the first truck crane based on the "Ural-375D" 8T-210, was produced in Ivanovo since 1962. The boom was a telescopic two-section, the main lattice L-shaped and retractable lattice straight section, the maximum boom reach was 7,5 m.On the railway platform in the transport position, the crane looked almost like a MLRS from afar, the turntable was closed and something above the cab and that's it. it's wrapped in a tarp. The maximum carrying capacity was 6,3 tons, on outriggers that were set manually. A truck crane was made by the order of the missilemen, it was electric, the crane mechanisms were driven from an electric generator driven by the Ural engine, it was possible to use the crane as a mobile power plant and give off electricity, or it could be powered from a 220 or 380 power grid if the engine was covered or gasoline ran out ... There was also a remote control for remote operation with especially dangerous discharge loads, I don't remember the length of the cable to it, something about 30 m.What else was good about the truck crane - a stove in the crane operator's cabin, in winter it was hot in the sliders in it, I left my jacket in car cab, worked in cotton. The weight of the 8T-210 was 13,6 tons, the fuel consumption was 100 liters per 100 km officially for the middle lane, in the Far North and in the mountains the consumption is naturally higher. When working on site, the consumption is 40 liters per 1 hour of work officially. But almost always the crane's hour meter died as soon as the crane came to the unit. But the engine in this "Ural" was always the most economical in its part. You correctly wrote that the crane operator was loved by all warrant officers and motorist officers in the unit. After all, wherever possible, they threw a cable and the crane was powered from the electrical network, and gasoline was saved ... At the end of the 60s, they began to make, also by order of missilemen, a simpler and cheaper 8T31 with an open slewing platform, a straight boom, 8 m long, but with a carrying capacity 7 t, with a mechanical drive, like most civilian truck cranes. I did not have to serve on it.

[mikael]

a few of these in part and at the gas station mono do not go

[cat Rusich]

Everyone praises the Urals. Question: Why is the Urals not participating in the Paris-Dakar rally? Tatra is participating, Maz is participating ... and the Urals ... It's clear that participation in the rally costs $, but participation in the rally (Victory - what the hell doesn’t joke ...) is an excellent advertisement for entering the foreign market.

[region58]

Quote: cat Rusich

advertising to enter the foreign market.

Duc and without a rally everywhere they know. In Australia, in my opinion, only not. True, not everyone from the meeting left pleasant memories ...

[cat Rusich]

"... the entry of the Urals to the foreign market ..." - I mean civil. For example, Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia ... while there "good roads" have not begun. My opinion. Under the USSR, it was necessary to "pave the way" to the civilian market of "third world countries" for such machines as the Ural, Gaz-66, UAZ ... ZIL (maybe it would have survived due to foreign supplies ...).

[Joker62]

Quote: Alf

Quote: rocket757

Worst case, catch a private trader ....

But this is a dream come true.

In my Samara it happened.

I had a good light at the back of the cop ....
Probably left without rights and still seem to be ...

[nov_tech.vrn]

The car was beautiful. But the expense, with kung and with everything inside, was 98 liters per 100 kilometers, but on the rise it’s generally fantastic, but the pearl is like a tank

[NFL1.6]

Horrible car for civilian use. For the military, from the pads to the battle - that’s the norm.

[Sether]

I read how the Ural 375 was created and something is not clear, then the razdatka was taken from the Maz 502, then it is an independent development, and where is the truth? Further I read that SHRUS took from Maz 501 and in my opinion it’s completely different construction details. Today, the plant probably does not have the opportunity to create and produce modern driving bridges, and on some models it puts Chinese or Hungarian bridges and on typhoons he saw bridges of the MZKT firm that they just developed 60 years ago. In the nineties, they bought a license for the production of a car Magirus and also could not master the production, there was only assembly and there is no progress how long it will take to release what was created 60 years ago, even with modernization it is unknown

[is-22]

There was no license for Magirus. We bought a KHD diesel license for the Urals for the last currency of the USSR. They built a motor plant in Kostanay. And the union is over. The Kazakhs stole the plant. A little time to release tractors under this engine with a KAMAZ cabin and hood. Remotely in Magirus style. Had to meet such on the road once.

[Sether]

How was the license? How did they collect Magiruses? Without a license? There was a license for the production of Magirus and a license for the production of Deutz engines, this is a different story and a completely different license and the engine plant was built in Kustanai, but when the USSR collapsed, the plant remained in Kazakhstan and the Kazakhs bombed this plant and there was no motor or plant and the USSR acquired the license and Russia became the legal successor and could produce this engine at another plant, but nobody needed it

[is-22]

Perhaps you mean the so-called screwdriver assembly. The acquisition of a license for the production of cars. colossal money and everything miscalculates because it implies production. I would like to see a link to the license.

[Catfish]

The car is great, and the cross-country ability is just fabulous. We had "Urals" in our regiment, the guys let us "turn the steering wheel", I remember my own surprise at how easily this huge, and even fully loaded car was operated.
In general, we had ZILs 157th and 131st.

[faterdom]

Quote: SASHA OLD

(you mean interwheel differential locks) they are simply not there from the word "absolutely".
there is only an interaxle.

I put it wrong, not in the sense that a lock was made strangely, but it was necessary: ​​it was strange that it was not made: it was a military machine, and it had to crawl, maybe under fire and on broken ramps, but crawl forward (or back ), saving himself with passengers, and cargo.
And here is a small, in principle, slope - and helplessness, like a beetle turned upside down!
Plus, I would give the Ural for execution: often deploying control points in the forest, we were the Urals who plowed the road in the snow, over the trees and hemp, to lower the wheels - it will go everywhere. and the snow is ramming like a bulldozer. And the channel design of the bumper, the thick iron of the wings made it possible not to be afraid of hemp-fir-tree-birch trees. What not to say about the 131st, 66th, or even more so KAMAZ (with its gentle, but comfortable cab, which in late Soviet times cost 2700 rubles of that time! "
About UAZ - here the protection from the fighter was thought out: it was not easy to turn off the front axle, for this it was necessary to unscrew the front axles.
But the 131st with its front axle tubmler is not a military solution, which was kept on a nozzle (wiring to the so-called "soldier", an electromechanical switch-on valve located at the bottom of the bridge, and therefore often cut off).

[Sergey Kulakevich]

DMB 83-85 KSAVO served as the driver of the Ural 375. Year started from the handle and nothing, then the guys "adjusted" the starter, but I will say from a "pure heart" there is no better truck and a low bow to him

[trahterist]

Quote: chenia

Quote: ssergey1978

It is because of the tipping moment of the ICE.

Do not invent your own terms. Something was only on airplanes (rotary engines). And lower diesel engine speeds are associated with the peculiarity of fuel ignition during injection. At high speeds for diesels, it is necessary either to increase the SS (and it is already almost two times larger), or to carry out a force. By the way, diesel engines now have a speed of over 5000, (i.e., to the limit of 15 m / s). And they have a lot of rotators always more, well, and where is this moment?

Subjectively, according to the sensations of driving, modern diesel engines with their "habits" already resemble gasoline engines.
Especially in cars it is pronounced.
The jerk is already typically gasoline (diesel equal in cubic capacity to gasoline can already be used both for acceleration and for "starvation" over long distances).
But the much-loved 'tractor traction' at low revs, when he could get under way even from the 4th gear of the gearbox, is already in the past.