Lexington and Concord: voiced slap in the face to elite units from civilian hats

128

Thomas Gage, British Governor of Massachusetts

Brewed porridge


Thirteen British colonies in North America began to rage since the 1760s. Then the Seven Years War had just ended. The Empire won it, but paid for it with a solid hole in the budget. To close it, the government in London imposed additional taxes on the colonists. Guided by this principle: “You have the royal army there, which only yesterday protected you from the French, and continues to protect you from the Indians. It is time to pay for its maintenance. ”

The colonies were in no hurry to agree with these arguments - give us, they say, at least a representation in parliament, and not just a legislature of self-government, then we'll talk about taxes. In London they answered that the parliament for America is a bit greasy. Well, in response, the colonies boycotted the collection of duties by all means - from mass smuggling of goods to riots on the streets.



The process, of course, was uneven. Some colonies were more radical, some, like Georgia, which had problems with the Indians, were more calm. But after the adoption by the British of the “Intolerable Laws” (among which was, for example, the act of closing the Boston port) called upon to curb the presumptuous radicals of Unbearable Laws, America was already blazing for real.

The colonists actually went into a state of open rebellion, having convened an illegal, from the London point of view, Continental Congress, and having produced a number of smaller congresses - they replaced the local "official" legislatures. These "mini-congresses" immediately began to arm themselves, creating militia units.

Money for weapon and ammunition came from emergency fees and donations from local merchants. The latter were not always voluntary - a rich man who refused to pay could very well turn into an object of persecution. Having become the persona non grata, he quickly lost all business contacts and eventually went bankrupt. Therefore, it was cheaper to pay.

Governor Gage's acquittal


One of the centers of the rebellion was the Massachusetts colony and its capital, Boston. Thomas Gage, the man who fought in America with the French in the Seven Years War, was appointed the governor of this difficult colony. It was believed that he knows the colonies better and is able to cope with the crisis.

These ideas soon crashed into reality. Gage, who knew the situation on the ground, was inactive just because of his understanding of how bad everything was. The governor could not influence practically anything - he invariably met at best with passive resistance. And in the worst case, it turned to open disobedience. Dosed use of military force in such conditions would only aggravate the bitterness of the local population. And in order to conquer Massachusetts again, Gage simply did not have enough resources.

The governor proposed that the King and Parliament repeal the Unbearable Laws - this would weaken the radicals. And, at the same time, send more soldiers to America to really take control of the colonies. But in London, it was believed that the matter was only in the sporadic riots of Boston mob. It is enough to show firmness - and the colonists will retreat.

Gage received angry letters from England. He should have immediately shown the result - well, or at least something that could be given out as such. London demanded that the governor at least arrest members of the local Massachusetts congress.

Gage knew that the chances of this were small - if he sent few soldiers, they would simply be stoned, and if there were many, then a big noise would rise and the congressmen would have time to escape. Therefore, he chose, as it seemed to him, the middle ground — a raid on the militia's weapons and ammunition depots located in the cities of Worcester and Concord.

The raid started late in the evening on April 18, 1775. 700 British soldiers - grenadiers and light infantrymen - advanced from Boston to their intended target. The British counted on secrecy of movement and surprise - and he failed at the very beginning of the operation.

Live telegraph


Of course, it was impossible to hide the nomination of such a mass of soldiers in a city where the British were closely watched by the whole population. To be precise, the Americans knew about the British intention to go somewhere and do something the day before the nomination - the English sergeants did not always keep their mouths shut.


Militias leave home to go where the British are seen

The troops did not move very fast - and from time to time they stopped to receive and consume provisions. The British themselves must have realized that their plans were revealed - as the column advanced, the locals lit lights. Such clarity and speed of occurrence of the latter clearly said - this is a warning system.

In addition to the lights, horse-drawn couriers were put into operation. They rushed to neighboring villages and woke the militias. One of these couriers - Paul Revere - forever entered the American pantheon of national heroes. He managed to wake Samuel Adams and John Hancock, the leaders of the American Revolution, while hiding from the British patrols, and prevent the British from arresting them.

Therefore, when the British began to approach the places of the alleged deployment of weapons depots, neither weapons nor radical leaders were there.

The first battle


The first clash took place in Lexington. The British approached there early in the morning. Local militias - less than a hundred people - opposed six companies under the command of Major John Pitcairn. Last was naval officer, and poorly understood infantry tactics. But the recently assembled militia, who did not have time for joint training, absolutely “unplayed,” understood it even worse. In addition, they were five times inferior.

And yet, the militias lined up and waited for the approaching British. Everyone understood how unequal both the strength and the training were. The war has not yet begun, and it has not yet been drawn to shoot its own British colonists. So Pitcairn shouted to the militias to drop their guns and fail. They completed the second part, but completely ignored the first.

Pitcairn did not appreciate this interpretation and repeated the demand. And then someone - both sides ascribe this to each other - shot. After which the British fired two volleys. The militia responded absently and ineptly. As a result of the first skirmish, 8 militia were killed. The British escaped with one slight wound.


Hassle under Lexington. In red uniforms, of course, the British

But that was only the beginning for them.

Concord


Lexington militia fled, and the British continued on to Concord. The avant-garde freely entered the city and began to look for weapons. Finding nothing, the British in the process of searching managed to turn over some lamp and set off a fire.

Until this moment, around 400 militia gathered around Concord. They knew that the weapons depots were taken out of the city, and saw no reason to rush into battle. But when the fire started, the colonists decided that the British were going to set fire to Concord.

The militia, trying to keep the line, went ahead. Soon they stumbled upon a hundred British light infantrymen, who did not have time to fully deploy to fire. And the outcome of this skirmish was left to the colonists.

Smooth-bore muskets could not gather a plentiful harvest. Therefore, the losses of the parties were modest - the British killed 2, and the Americans 3 people. After which the British completely lost their ranks and retreated disorganized under enemy fire. If regular European units were in the place of the Americans, the matter would end with a bayonet and a complete defeat, but the colonists still did not know how. Therefore, trying to pursue, they finally broke their system, allowing the enemy to retreat to the main forces.

Hot retreat


The raid commander, Colonel Francis Smith, was in a difficult position. He did not achieve any intelligible results, but at the same time, it seems, he finally turned the civil confrontation into a full-fledged war. And now it was still necessary to return to Boston intact.

This was not so easy to do - by this time several thousand militiamen had gathered in the Lexington and Concord area. And every minute new ones arrived. Inexperienced and "unplayed" Americans could not attack the British correctly - all together and holding the ranks within the units. Instead, they individually and in small groups attacked a convoy from the flanks, firing at the enemy from behind stones, fences, and trees.

The British, of course, organized counterattacks from time to time. Once this led to losses within these most fragmented groups, and once the colonists simply retreated to return again after 15 minutes. Be that as it may, this did not change the essence.


The British retreat under fire

Continuously fired, the British somehow reached Lekstington. There they met - to their immense happiness - a thousand bayonets reinforcements. For a while, the British were left alone, and they were able to move to Boston. But then they were piled on from two sides - both fresh militia forces in the front, and the colonists from Concord pursuing from behind.

A rather hot fight happened - it even came to hand-to-hand combat. But in the end, the British fought back and were able to continue moving. As a result, they broke away from the enemy.

The result was disappointing for the British. Objectives not achieved. Irreversible losses - 124 people (among militias - 54). But, worst of all, an open military confrontation began. And the enemy - some militias from farmers and merchants - was not routed completely. He also won on points.

Militias acquired the most expensive thing for themselves - the understanding that they could beat the British. Courage. And, as a result, the confidence that they have stepped on the right path. The global result of the skirmishes at Lextington and Concord was the transition of the confrontation between London and 13 colonies to a new level.

And in this sense, everything was just beginning.
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  1. +12
    25 January 2020 06: 35
    Cool. Dissatisfaction with the overseas metropolis gave rise to a new world hegemon)).
    1. +2
      25 January 2020 13: 33
      Quote: Krasnodar
      Dissatisfaction with the overseas metropolis gave rise to a new world hegemon)).

      No, not discontent, but the ambitions of the local nobility and the rich ...
      1. +6
        25 January 2020 13: 35
        No way
        The Americans are originally European colonists imprisoned for financial well-being. (in fact, they went there for this). Therefore, the violation of their commercial interests by the British became a foot stepping on their most sensitive callus. )))
        1. +6
          25 January 2020 17: 35
          And those sentenced for vagrancy and theft to hanging with the replacement of execution by exile in American colonies were also “imprisoned for financial well-being?”
          1. +5
            25 January 2020 20: 19
            Those for theft are definitely laughing
            Those who are for vagrancy are not them, so are their children. The influence of society, etc.
            1. +1
              27 January 2020 16: 12
              Quote: Krasnodar
              Those for theft are definitely
              Those who are for vagrancy are not them, so are their children. The influence of society, etc.

              But how then to explain that the US overtook the UK in development?
              1. +4
                27 January 2020 16: 40
                Initially aimed at financial success, the public, large territories, large opportunities, less government spending, etc.
                1. +1
                  29 January 2020 11: 21
                  Quote: Krasnodar
                  Initially aimed at financial success, the public, large territories, large opportunities, less government spending, etc.

                  In my opinion a little more complicated. The US began to develop rapidly after the abolition of slavery. That is, the success of the United States is laid by the choice of the path along which their state was built and developed. Slavery is better at enriching the slave owner and owner of the cotton plantation than the artisan who is trying to organize a car factory next to the plantation. Omani, Ottoman empires did not become great in the era of industrialization, although in the 17th century, they successfully competed with Europe. So in Latin America in the 20th century did not appear competitors to the United States and Great Britain.
                  1. +5
                    29 January 2020 11: 45
                    Abolition of slavery is particular.
                    If you disassemble everything on the shelves, then:
                    1) The bulk of the US population was made by Germans and Anglo-Saxons Protestants, in whose religion work is a gift from above, and not a punishment, as in Catholicism, which was professed by the Spaniards and Portuguese, who colonized Latin America, whose main purpose was to rob, grab zemanitsy for agricultural producers (fields / pastures), etc.
                    2) An excellent population came from countries where industrialization began.
                    Spain and Portugal of that period gradually degraded.
                    3) Great Britain received income from the colonies. Very complicated business. Security (troops), logistics (shipping), etc. At a certain stage, the cost of maintenance exceeded profits in the absence of working capital and the empire collapsed. The United States did not have these tsures. There were wars for markets, which is more correct. And domestic consumption was constantly growing with significantly lower federal (state) expenditures.
                    1. 0
                      30 January 2020 00: 03
                      Quote: Krasnodar
                      Abolition of slavery is particular.

                      With all due respect to your opinion, in my opinion it was the abolition of slavery as a result of the American Civil War that laid the foundation for the dynamism of the US development. In exactly the same way, the revolution in 1917, which removed the parasitic estates from power and the feeder, gave an impetus to eliminating the lag of the USSR from Germany, Japan, Great Britain and Italy. Moreover, the United States was not always the leader in everything, even in comparison with Latin American countries. There was a case when the US fleet, sent to demonstrate strength to the Chilean fleet, received a notification from the Chilean admiral that if the Yankee ships did not disappear from the field of view of the Chileans, they would be immediately sunk. Having estimated the ratio as ships, the Americans immediately retreated home. Another thing is that the United States immediately took measures to rectify the situation. In the same way, when there were signs that the US was lagging behind the USSR in rocket science, effective changes in education and industry were adopted there.
                      1. +6
                        30 January 2020 08: 06
                        I did not delve deeply into this topic, but the northern States were also quite developed industrially during slavery. The abolition of slavery entailed the loss of superprofits for plantation owners, the saturation of industry with cheap labor and, possibly, gave an impetus to the industrialization of the South. What has radically changed the picture does not occur to me.
                  2. 0
                    26 February 2020 15: 50
                    The US began to develop rapidly after the abolition of slavery.

                    Stupidity.
                    Metropolis spent colonial policy, in relation to states, as well as against other colonies. This policy assumes a whole system of measures -
                    for suppression of industrial development
                    -Only sales of raw materials and purchase of goods in the metropolis.
                    -You can’t independently trade not only with the nearest countries, but also between neighboring ports, it is prescribed to hire British merchants.
                    - You can’t strengthen and expand the territory, England expected the creation of Indian states.
                    Thus, the biggest prize of independence was the lifting of the ban on industrial development, as well as other restrictions. And the meager coastal strip of 13 colonies went into expansion, right up to the west coast, along the way, buying Louisiana and taking Texas from Mexico. Also, the industry went on rapidly.
                    A key factor in US success and achievement is to cease to be a colony.
              2. +1
                29 January 2020 12: 24
                Quote: gsev
                But how then to explain that the US overtook the UK in development?

                Errors in the domestic policy of Great Britain cost her dearly. The "Irish Holodomor" alone is worth something. Due to the fact that London did not want to solve this problem, and one might even say kindled it, America received millions of Irish migrants. These are not the descendants of "thieves and prostitutes", as we usually think. These are all hardworking people, while not very whimsical, strong and tenacious.
                The same can be said about other countries. Because of the problems in France during Napoleonic times, thousands of French people left for the United States. At the end of the 19th century, Jews fled en masse from Eastern Europe, including Russia. They or their descendants have made a huge contribution to the well-being of the United States. David Sarnov, Max Factor, Steve Wozniak, Samel Goldwin, Harry Warner and brothers, Abrahan Maslow - there are thousands of them. Steven Seagal is also "our", a descendant of the Jews of the Sigalovichs.
                Then our Russian revolution. As a result, the United States is receiving Sikorsky, Mikhail Chekhov, Alexander Ponyatov, Zakhary Duntov, Vladimir Zvorykin, Kartveli, Prokofiev-Seversky ...
                All the nations of the world mowed and sent their sons to America.
                1. 0
                  26 February 2020 15: 01
                  Mistakes in UK domestic politics cost her dearly

                  These are not mistakes, this is typical of her behavior. They are a very cruel country, their elite is guided by greed, and dissatisfied have always been suppressed. (white man's burden)
                  The British would have pacified the struggle for independence, they had enough opportunities, that is, they thought correctly, in the context of their geopolitics, and they would succeed.
                  But France, seeing the opportunity to tear off a colony from Britain, landed troops, with the help of which it was possible to recapture independence.
                  If not for France, then the rebellion would be suppressed and America would be led to obedience.
            2. +5
              28 January 2020 04: 38
              A beat determines consciousness. laughing
  2. +16
    25 January 2020 06: 47
    So is it that Lenin did not plant a bomb under the integrity of the British Empire?
    1. +5
      25 January 2020 07: 01
      You don’t just tell this to our large and friendly communist faction in the VO, okay?
      1. +5
        25 January 2020 07: 04
        Actually, I’ve joked so communistically, the irony is there, even sarcasm.
        1. +6
          25 January 2020 07: 10
          But I was serious. You see, the cons have already gone lol
          1. +2
            25 January 2020 07: 20
            I'm still silent. The article is really good. Cons blocked.
          2. +5
            25 January 2020 10: 00
            And where does the communist faction? I liked your dialogue.
            Quote: Vladimir_2U
            So is it that Lenin did not plant a bomb under the integrity of the British Empire?

            Quote: Krasnodar
            You don’t just tell this to our large and friendly communist faction in the VO, okay?

            Smiled.
            1. +8
              25 January 2020 10: 08
              Good morning!
              This is VO humor in the wake of articles on domestic political topics. laughing
          3. +1
            25 January 2020 16: 06
            Yes, you will receive a plus from a member of the same "guiding and guiding" on VO .. laughing And then quite upset.
            1. +6
              25 January 2020 16: 09
              thanks, comrade!
              And now it’s quiet so that no one can hear:
              Hostile whirlwinds blow over us ...
              1. +4
                25 January 2020 20: 33
                They always blow. Depending on the informational "charge" of the society.
                1. +9
                  25 January 2020 20: 41
                  Hi! hi
                  I’m trying to remember a society over which they do not blow - New Zealand, probably - in! )))
                  1. +6
                    25 January 2020 21: 24
                    Good hobbits raped the evil Maori? laughing
                    1. +8
                      25 January 2020 21: 26
                      not only raped - they already got children crying
                      1. +3
                        25 January 2020 21: 40
                        Avono how !!! And I kept wondering about the origin of the gremlins! recourse wassat laughing
                  2. +2
                    25 January 2020 22: 29
                    And Haka "hostile whirlwinds" does not replace?
                    1. +7
                      25 January 2020 22: 32
                      A friendly Maori dance performed by good hobbits? )))
                      The comrades from the Communist faction on the site will call this a remnant of the primitive communal system; moreover, it is indecent to show the language at meetings of the proletariat.
                      1. +3
                        25 January 2020 23: 13
                        But the party lines are correct, and they feel such a strong dislike for the adversary that they even "cannot eat."
    2. +3
      25 January 2020 11: 59
      It was established that Chubais was to blame for everything ... but one colonel served.
    3. +2
      25 January 2020 13: 36
      Quote: Vladimir_2U
      So is it that Lenin did not plant a bomb under the integrity of the British Empire?

      Lenin finished them off, and so, all by themselves, by themselves ...
      It’s amazing to have so many colonies and they couldn’t send any sepoys or Pashtun there ... and the Americans, to India to serve. But in the fleet, they took the Americans, and forcibly, even from the warships of the Americans ... but it turns out they were afraid of the army
      1. +7
        25 January 2020 14: 31
        They were finished off by the Second World War, i.e. not Lenin at all, but the Sipai would have fled along with the Pashtuns and Sikhs and Gurks)).
        1. +3
          25 January 2020 14: 32
          Quote: Krasnodar
          and the Sipai would have fled along with the Pashtuns and Sikhs and Gurks)).

          Where would they go in a foreign country ...
          1. +6
            25 January 2020 14: 35
            There, where is everyone - vast territories, a rifle, military comrades - what else do you need a professional war for complete happiness? )))
            1. +2
              25 January 2020 20: 49
              There, where is everyone - vast territories, a rifle, military comrades - what else do you need a professional war for complete happiness? )))
              My answer is: women! Women, "heifers", market women, getters, ladies ... Simply, representatives of the opposite sex.
              1. ANB
                -1
                26 January 2020 01: 15
                So with this, too, better at large than in the barracks.
                1. 0
                  27 January 2020 14: 46
                  Where, in the forests of Kentucky?
                  1. ANB
                    0
                    27 January 2020 14: 49
                    So to the Indians the same you can go. And there are 2 exits: either they will remove the scalp or they will take the brave warrior to themselves :)
      2. +3
        25 January 2020 18: 01
        They themselves are to blame: instead of thinking with their head they wanted to profit.
        Karl Marx was right that the capitalist, for the sake of profit, would not stop at no crime.
        Read V. And Lenin. And there you will find everything
        1. +5
          25 January 2020 19: 14
          Quote: Astra wild
          Karl Marx was right that the capitalist, for the sake of profit, would not stop at no crime.
          Read V. And Lenin. And there you will find everything

          Strange ... Karl Marx was right, but some V.I. Lenin ... I don’t get the logic! laughing
          1. +6
            25 January 2020 20: 23
            Breathe - Karl Marx was a theorist, and Lenin a practitioner!
            True, he did what sho strictly hara was to zer according to Karl Marle, i.e. to build communism in an industrially undeveloped country, but read "The Development of Capitalism in Russia" - an interesting reading good
            1. +2
              25 January 2020 20: 50
              Quote: Krasnodar
              True, he did what sho strictly hara was to zer according to Karl Marle, i.e. build communism in an industrialized country,

              Well, Krasnodar came and debased everything! I, here, ponimash, put a banner on the plasma Marxists, with the aim of a sudden test of knowledge of the basics of EVU. And here you are, with your tarpaulin boots, of Soviet higher education ...laughing
              1. +7
                25 January 2020 20: 57
                So let's test them for knowledge of Lenin’s theses in April, the principle of dishes with Н2О of comrade Kollontai, and also test their awareness of the practical implementation of Kropotkin’s ideas in their most beloved country in the world.
                1. +4
                  25 January 2020 21: 08
                  Quote: Krasnodar
                  the principle of cookware with Н2О by comrade Kollontai and also test their awareness of the practical implementation of Kropotkin’s ideas in their most beloved country in the world.

                  And you are a sadist! laughing Many of the current and Marxian definition of the proletariat, not only did they not know, they also forgot.
                2. +2
                  26 January 2020 13: 48
                  Krasnodar, do you personally know the April theses well?
                  1. +3
                    26 January 2020 13: 53
                    Of course!
                    Check me out! )))
                    1. 0
                      26 January 2020 19: 57
                      Frankly, I did not expect you to read Lenin. We have an established view that the Israelis act as imperialists. Therefore, I was surprised that you are familiar with the works of Lenin
                      1. +3
                        28 January 2020 04: 42
                        There is a tale that one of Goebels' books was Capital. To know the enemy.
                      2. -3
                        28 January 2020 15: 48
                        Go-round colleague, actually Goebbels was a big circle, and therefore it is not known what and why he had it. Perhaps he kept the letters of his mistress there? From 17 moments I know that he had a connection with a Czech actress, it seems Barova? I don’t know what happened to her later, but I think that in Czechoslovakia she had to cry a lot
            2. +2
              25 January 2020 20: 55
              Albert! I think that Igor read this work at the institute.
              1. +3
                25 January 2020 21: 00
                And even outlined! True, I remember everything, only in general terms.
              2. +7
                25 January 2020 21: 16
                In addition to all types of Israeli kibbutzim, of course - Kropotkinskaya commune))
                1. +3
                  25 January 2020 21: 30
                  Of all the Israeli kibbutzim (in the original understanding of this phenomenon) at the moment there are three things, and in the current Israeli mentality, as far as I understand, these are sectarians, from the word "absolutely".
                  1. +8
                    25 January 2020 21: 36
                    No one. laughing No, not sectarians - people who have achieved financial well-being within the framework of the communist (anarchist) community, gradually moving to the appropriation of the extra cost of labor for hired (!!!) workers, while the commune members retain the equal right of ownership of the production tools. )))
                    Humanly - it turned out - handsome. How - do not care)).
                    1. +4
                      25 January 2020 21: 45
                      Something reminds ... Very dear ...
                      "Song of the Jordanian Cossacks" ??? laughing
                      1. +8
                        25 January 2020 22: 00
                        Everything was like this - during the formation of Israel, it was justified for agricultural producers and defense at the same time, and in 1967 - opa - unexpectedly - they occupied the Arab territories of Judea and Samaria lol , where 85% of the locals were farmers. Prices for everything fell, so the kibbutzim had to harness their production, attractions, hire professionals, start growing complex products (such as avocados, cherry tomatoes - an Israeli invention, by the way), then, due to competition in foreign markets, hire gaster, etc. Those who succeeded in industry (for example, the guys who invented and patented the world's first shaving machine for female legs - at least the kibbutz legend says), succeeded, many went bankrupt. Poor kibbutz - 4 common passenger cars for 200 people. They are written in the queue of the Rich - two cars for each family and one for youth - for example. Etc.
                      2. +3
                        25 January 2020 22: 18
                        Albert! Well, you understand that in Israel I was a "turkey", and I listened attentively to everything that the guides hung on my ears ("Russian Jews", few of which are not the same age as our parents). However, due to the critical view of thinking, a cognitive dissonance arose between what he saw and what he heard.
                        For two years now I’ve been trying to correct the imbalance. request
                      3. +7
                        25 January 2020 22: 19
                        Ask questions, if it’s interesting, I will answer as objectively as I can)) I have a slightly different view of things, and I grew up there, boiling in this reality - unlike guides.
                      4. +2
                        25 January 2020 22: 27
                        So you kind of answer like that. To be honest, it was a revelation to me that all the current construction in Israel is based on a rocket shelter.
                      5. +7
                        25 January 2020 22: 28
                        Yes - the elevator shaft and around the fortified premises - reinforced concrete. )))
                      6. +2
                        25 January 2020 22: 35
                        Hmm ... As far as I know, elevator shafts around the world are considered less stable structures than flights of stairs.
                      7. +6
                        25 January 2020 22: 37
                        I don’t know - what I bought for - I’m selling it for that - but the construction site looks like this - the elevator shaft, and garbage around))
                        As for the flights of stairs - yes, it seems - during the shelling from Gaza, there was an instruction to go exactly on them.
                      8. +2
                        25 January 2020 22: 44
                        for what I bought - for that I sell -
                        Well, I also thought that someone was lobbying for the interests of Comrade Otis in the Knesset.
                      9. +6
                        25 January 2020 22: 47
                        Is not a fact ))
                        Check with MAZ - he seems to be working at Israeli construction sites
                        The huge need for fittings was explained to me in this way.
                      10. +2
                        25 January 2020 23: 04
                        1. MAZ - who is this?
                        2. Not a fact - that's for sure. Over the past couple of years, Israel has been confidently trying to go into space. Can you imagine how much armature is needed for a mediocre spaceport? I'm not talking about cement!
                      11. +8
                        25 January 2020 23: 07
                        MAZ is an antiKrasnodar. )) A Russian living in Israel, exposing the black essence of Zionism. Forum member VO. Those involved in spaceports know where to buy, how, cheaply and with a rollback)).
                      12. +3
                        25 January 2020 23: 20
                        This is an employee of "Shabak" and who probes you "for lice" !!! Be vigilant, buddy! After all, we are all under Miller's hat! laughing
                      13. +1
                        27 January 2020 11: 11
                        Muller or Miller from Gazprom?
                      14. +1
                        27 January 2020 12: 38
                        You read it right.
                      15. +4
                        28 January 2020 04: 46
                        Albert, so if you build everything with that in mind? This is what is the price of kV. meter output?
                      16. +5
                        28 January 2020 05: 54
                        Quote: Okolotochny
                        Albert, so if you build everything with that in mind? This is what is the price of kV. meter output?

                        The average price of an apartment in Israel - 110 meters - 23-24 million rubles
                        In Tel Aviv - about 60 million
                      17. +2
                        27 January 2020 11: 09
                        About the last 15 or 20 years. Prior to this, many houses, especially Amidarov and Amigurov, did without mamads. (with poppy seeds Mugan Dirati - a protected place in the apartment). reinforced concrete - not less than 28 cm, Iron doors and closures on windows, an additional wall with the letter G in front of the door (so as not to fill up), if there are sanitary devices - additional taps (and even for sewage) before and after the wall, additional protected openings for ventilation. This is for apartments. For public buildings - makom mugan komati, i.e. for floor. There is already depending on the number of people. Plus there are special rooms - read the bomb shelter.
                      18. +1
                        27 January 2020 12: 42
                        So that the door does not block, it probably should open inward. So implemented in the Far North.
                      19. +3
                        28 January 2020 05: 56
                        In my opinion, inside
                        I do not remember already
                      20. +1
                        1 March 2020 00: 01
                        [quote = Krasnodar] during the establishment of Israel, it was justified for agricultural producers and defense at the same time [/ quote
                        A colleague told me that when he arrived at the Lithuanian collective farm to commission boiler equipment in the early 1980s, he found a wonderful picture. The collective farm mastered the production of calvados or chatters. Raw materials were brought to them from neighboring Belarus. They hired Moldovans, those who are quicker to fermentation tanks, those who are prettier and younger in the sauna. So in some places of the USSR already under Brezhnev there were all signs of capitalism.
          2. +1
            27 January 2020 14: 47
            And only Lenin was able to explain Marx so that he was right.
    4. +4
      25 January 2020 18: 12
      Prost in Britain during the second half of the 17th and first half of the 18th century complex internal political processes took place, resulting in civil wars, attempts of rebellion, etc., the religious factor was very important, in the face of several shifts of the ruling dynasties and their religious preferences, a large number of semi-underground churches and sects (the influence of the Anglican church, whose head was the king, decreased significantly)
      At the same time, most of the oppositionists persecuted and persecuted by different regimes and dynasties belonging to these various churches and sects were expelled from Britain to the territories of American colonies.
      After the end of the seven-year war, when the British government began to pursue a strict tax policy in the colonies to restore the financial system in the country, a local wealthy audience saturated with opposition traditions and inspired by their preachers (in fact, followers of the English Puritans, the driving force of the English revolution) opposed the monarchy
      But do not forget the Catholics, a large number of whom were also among the colonists (Irish, descendants of the Jacobite supporters, etc.), they had their own accounts for the ruling dynasty. It is these clans - rich Protestant families and descendants of Catholics of the Irish and Jacobites that later became the basis of competing groups of the modern American elite (the Bush family, for example, and, on the other hand, the Kennedy family)
      And of course, a huge and in many respects decisive role was played by the help to young US by European competitors of Britain - France and Spain
      It was Louis XVI who was cut off his head that became the last French king to defeat Britain and take revenge for the defeat in the seven-year war and the loss of Quebec, unfortunately the French revolution did not allow France to take advantage of the fruits of this victory.
      The result of the revolution is always the same - loss of territories, geopolitical retreat and heavy losses, requiring many years of recovery
      Despite the bright but short period of Bonapartism, France eventually turned into an ordinary junior satellite of the British Empire by the middle of the 19th century
  3. +8
    25 January 2020 08: 53
    The isolation of the elite from reality is the true reason for all the rebellions, revolutions.
    1. +7
      25 January 2020 09: 57
      However, revolutionaries were terribly far from the people. English.
      1. +4
        25 January 2020 12: 09
        This is a financial and industrial revolution, which is terribly close to a completely different people. There were practically no British in the USA.
        1. +6
          25 January 2020 13: 24
          More precisely, the bourgeois revolution, or rather, the War of Independence. So I say - English had to be very far away - behind the hail fellow
          1. +4
            25 January 2020 13: 38
            Those who have broken with the European feudal system and the European "elite" left Europe (and not England) for the USA. In the socio-economic sense, the United States is a fundamentally new state, or rather a union of states. The people who left Europe were not Anglican or Catholic (the British), but members of Protestant religious sects, which, as you know, are "mutual credit societies". In turn, finance capital greatly benefited from the Reformation in Europe. That is why this (North American) civilization is called "Judeo-Christian". The meaning of the "war of independence" was to break the dependence on Europe and even on the Eastern Hemisphere, and not just on the British Empire.
            1. +2
              25 January 2020 13: 58
              You are wrong Protestants are not sectarians.
              1. +1
                25 January 2020 15: 22
                I advise you to read a small book by Max Weber "Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism". It can be downloaded for free. Much will become clear to you and about Russia.
                1. +3
                  25 January 2020 18: 38
                  A lot can be written in the book, but according to Protestants, Baptists and other movements of Protestantism are Christian churches as they recognize the god of Christ.
                  I can tell you about Protestant ethics even without Mr. Weber, I had a close relationship with Protestant preachers.
                  Unlike Catholics and Orthodox Christians, in which God gives a choice of his own path, the Protestants have no right to choose everything, everything is strictly predetermined and if you are poor, God himself doesn’t love you.
                  So Protestantism and capitalism found each other's common motto guilty.
                  In this case, it is worth considering the difference in the mentality of Protestants in Europe and then Americans.
                  Basically, exiles, fugitives who arrived in a new country created their own version of the Protestant ethics, which was somewhat different from Europeans and more cruel to humans.
                  So I do not dispute your words, I just clarify the term Protestant sect which is not true.
            2. The comment was deleted.
            3. +5
              25 January 2020 14: 39
              Quote: iouris
              Those who have broken with the European feudal system and the European "elite" left Europe (and not England) for the USA. In the socio-economic sense, the United States is a fundamentally new state, or rather a union of states. The people who left Europe were not Anglican or Catholic (the British), but members of Protestant religious sects, which, as you know, are "mutual credit societies". In turn, finance capital greatly benefited from the Reformation in Europe. That is why this (North American) civilization is called "Judeo-Christian". The meaning of the "war of independence" was to break the dependence on Europe and even on the Eastern Hemisphere, and not just on the British Empire.

              Yes, I am aware - and I am writing - Anglicans were overseas, I agree with everything else.
      2. +1
        25 January 2020 13: 22
        In this case, I meant the English elite.
    2. 0
      25 January 2020 12: 26
      This is always the cause of the revolution, not spies.
    3. 0
      25 January 2020 13: 37
      Quote: qqqq
      The isolation of the elite from reality is the true reason for all the rebellions, revolutions.

      This is not the case. Here a huge role was played by the local elite, who wished to rule in their possessions.
      1. 0
        25 January 2020 13: 40
        Quote: svp67
        This is not the case. Here a huge role was played by the local elite, who wished to rule in their possessions.

        And this, of course, too, but Britain’s incorrect assessment of the situation and self-confidence allowed the local elite to take advantage of this.
        1. +1
          25 January 2020 13: 59
          Quote: qqqq
          but Britain’s incorrect assessment of the situation, arrogance allowed the local elite to take advantage of this.

          Not without this, but was it possible for Britain then to really somehow influence this situation? I think no. I just didn't have enough strength. Britain "bit off a bite that it could not chew, swallow and digest ... choked"
          1. 0
            25 January 2020 14: 09
            Quote: svp67
            Britain "bit off a bite it could not chew, swallow and digest ... choked"

            It may well be so.
            1. +2
              25 January 2020 14: 10
              Quote: qqqq
              It may well be so.

              I'm afraid the same could happen with "Russian America", apparently it's good that they sold it on time
              1. +3
                25 January 2020 14: 14
                Quote: svp67
                I'm afraid the same could happen with "Russian America", apparently it's good that they sold it on time

                Back in school in the 80s, the teacher told us that they sold, because there was no strength to hold, they took at least something.
              2. +2
                25 January 2020 14: 40
                Quote: svp67
                Quote: qqqq
                It may well be so.

                I'm afraid the same could happen with "Russian America", apparently it's good that they sold it on time

                If they were not pressed, it would not have happened.
      2. +3
        25 January 2020 15: 20
        Quote: svp67
        Here the local elite played a huge role

        The fact is that at that time there was no "elite". As they say, from the word "in general". The elite of the town? Read at least "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn", and you will have an idea of ​​how society works in the United States, even in the XNUMXth century. Not to mention the XVII and even XVIII.
    4. +7
      25 January 2020 13: 46
      Quote: qqqq
      The isolation of the elite from reality

      The isolation of the elite from reality - what do you mean? If the elite is closed and lacks a wide channel of communication with the rest of the state’s population, then this is, in fact, its defining property, otherwise it would simply not be an elite, but would be part of the people. The elite at all times and in all countries is torn off and exists in its own world, but revolutions and rebellions do not take place everywhere.
      The reason for any, I emphasize, any buzy at all times is dissatisfaction with the distribution of material goods. Any internal conflict, regardless of the reason, has one reason - someone wants to radically redistribute financial flows. And the conflict in question is the most vivid and convincing example of this.
      1. 0
        25 January 2020 13: 57
        Quote: Trilobite Master
        If the elite is closed and lacks a wide channel of communication with the rest of the state’s population

        Closure is also different, you can live in your own world, but at the same time know what is happening outside of it and proceeding from realities, shape your own politics. And you can live in the world of your illusions, then all the upheavals and revolutions take place. First of all, I meant that underestimating the seriousness of the situation does not allow us to develop the right measures to correct it. And examples when the elite did not notice anything outside themselves in our country were heaps.
        Quote: Trilobite Master
        Any internal conflict, regardless of the reason, has one reason - someone wants to radically redistribute financial flows

        You can’t argue with this, but if the elites did not gobble up, then any threat to themselves would be strangled in the bud.
        1. +4
          25 January 2020 14: 28
          Quote: qqqq
          you can live in your world, but at the same time know what is happening outside of it

          That's what I just doubt. The degree of awareness is inversely proportional to the degree of separation. Representatives of the state elite have always had the most vague idea of ​​what is happening "below", just as the conventional "people" have absolutely no idea what is happening in the elite strata of society, what they live with, what worries them.
          Riots and riots do not come from the elite’s ignorance of the mood among the people, but from the reluctance of this elite to change something when the need for change has ripened in the global economic sense. Roughly speaking, they always know what they need to know to rule the state. But due to the natural conservatism of any elite, it periodically happens that it is unable to make certain decisions necessary in a particular case, because if such decisions are made, the composition of the elite itself can change significantly.
          As an illustration of this thesis - a quote from the article.
          Colonies were not in a hurry to agree with these arguments - give us, they say, at least a representation in parliament, and not just a legislature of self-government, then we'll talk about taxes. In London they answered that the parliament for America is a bit greasy.

          I repeat once again - the isolation and conservatism of the elite are its fundamental properties and their degree is always the same. There is and cannot be an elite "closer" to the people or "further" from them. There are objective economic prerequisites for changes and the only question is whether the elite will have enough will and unity to meet these changes halfway. But there have always been big problems with will and, especially, with unity in the elites.
          1. +1
            25 January 2020 14: 33
            It is quite logical, then on the basis of this, it turns out that the elite has already laid the gene for self-destruction, since it does not want to change, it’s bad that this somehow concerns our country.
            1. +2
              25 January 2020 18: 32
              Quote: qqqq
              it’s bad that this somehow concerns our country.

              Yes, no more than any other. smile
              She, this elite is the same everywhere, somewhere richer, somewhere poorer, but the essence is the same. Another thing is that the American elite is richer than all the others combined many times over, so to speak, an elite of planetary proportions. But essentially the same thing - a closed caste, focused on maintaining its position ... And having 80% of the planet’s assets for this.
              1. -3
                25 January 2020 20: 49
                "the American elite is richer than all the others put together many times over," ////
                ----
                It's not about wealth, at all.
                You can sit on thousands of chests of gold and not affect anything.
                Americans own modern key
                technologies and closely monitor the emergence of new, timely
                developing or buying them. These technologies include how
                virtual: research documents, software, patents, codes,
                so ordinary.
                1. +2
                  25 January 2020 20: 57
                  Americans own modern key
                  technologies and closely monitor the emergence of new, timely
                  developing or buying them.

                  In fact, only 5 companies own key technologies - Vanguard, Black Rock and others. And the Americans to them - no side ...
                  1. -1
                    25 January 2020 21: 36
                    These are investment funds and fund associations.
                    They do not own any technology. They invest wherever possible
                    make a profit for the shareholders of these funds. Spin big billions, not
                    owning them.
                2. 0
                  31 January 2020 01: 48
                  Quote: voyaka uh
                  "the American elite is richer than all the others put together many times over," ////
                  ----
                  It's not about wealth, at all.
                  You can sit on thousands of chests of gold and not affect anything.
                  Americans own modern key
                  technologies and closely monitor the emergence of new, timely
                  developing or buying them. These technologies include how
                  virtual: research documents, software, patents, codes,
                  so ordinary.

                  fu35 you didn’t have enough ... they decided to globally polish the famous place to the mericatos !!! wassat
  4. +4
    25 January 2020 10: 59
    The British asked Russia for 10 corps for the war with the Americans, but the Empress didn’t. Yes, and the British troops in America are not the ones who fought in Europe. And if the British would have received Russian grenadiers seasoned in battles with Prussia, the story of the American continent could go differently. Although Peter 1 might have sent a soldier there. He wanted to be friends with the British.
    1. +4
      25 January 2020 11: 15
      And where is Peter I, he died exactly half a century before the events described. Yes, and Russia subsequently helped not Britain, but the American States, remember sending Russian squadrons to American ports during the civil war.
      1. +2
        25 January 2020 11: 19
        I meant that if Peter1 ruled at that time, then most likely he would have sent a soldier. And so Russia refused to England and sent ships to the shores of America.
    2. +3
      25 January 2020 11: 33
      Peter was forced to be friends with the British; then trade for Britain was strongly tied
    3. +3
      25 January 2020 13: 27
      Quote: Starshina wmf
      The British asked Russia for 10 corps for the war with the Americans, but the Empress didn’t. Yes, and the British troops in America are not the ones who fought in Europe. And if the British would have received Russian grenadiers seasoned in battles with Prussia, the story of the American continent could go differently. Although Peter 1 might have sent a soldier there. He wanted to be friends with the British.

      Quote: Operator
      The British problem was not the number of soldiers, but their motivation - every British soldier wanted to become an American colonist laughing

      Based on the fact that in the war of 1814 the number of Russian soldiers deserted in Europe was in the thousands, the history of the American continent would go exactly the same, with only a significant number of ethnic Russians in the modern American elite)).
      1. -1
        28 January 2020 15: 35
        Krasnodar, do you happen to know an army of 18 in which there were no deserters?
        I am talking about 18 because events take place in the 18th century.
        1. +5
          28 January 2020 15: 49
          I believe that there were no English deserters in India))
    4. +1
      25 January 2020 18: 45
      Dear English infantry, this is the English infantry, and in battle it was superior to the American settlers, the British simply did not have enough human resources.
      Yes, and it is worth noting the fighting veterans in Europe in the British troops of America was enough.
    5. +3
      28 January 2020 04: 51
      I read somewhere that they also asked the commander of the corps - Suvorov.
  5. +6
    25 January 2020 12: 14
    The British problem was not the number of soldiers, but their motivation - every British soldier wanted to become an American colonist laughing
    1. 0
      25 January 2020 13: 44
      Even then, Hollywood worked wonders of propaganda! (Joke))
      1. +2
        25 January 2020 13: 52
        Soulful conversations for life with a mug of ale in Boston taverns between British sergeants and American colonists worked better than Hollywood propaganda.
      2. 0
        26 January 2020 02: 00
        There is a certain amount of joke in your joke. But everything is very serious. They, already in ancient Mesopotamia, destroy ancient artifacts throughout the Middle East and thereby prepare to change history. If they win, then this story will not be not only us.
  6. +2
    25 January 2020 15: 42
    Instead of "are you for the Russians or for the Germans" ("for the whites or for the red"), are we going to play the game "are you for the British or for the colonists" ("for the federalists or for the confederates")? Empire...
  7. +4
    25 January 2020 15: 56
    Warriors, on the one hand, on the other ... Compare at the same time almost our Pugachev revolt = a completely different scale of battles and the professionalism of the parties is much higher. Илб Russian-Turkish war. Nevertheless, the book from the series "100 Great Commanders" is a translated Americanism, puts George Washington in the first place as a commander of all times and peoples!
    Not Macedonian, not Hannibal, not Suvorov, not Tamerlane, not Temuchin! Washington. It amazed me back then, in the 90s, but the "explanation" put everything in its place: they say, the consequences for humanity were the most historical and global.
    American-centrism at its best: the whole history of mankind is only preparation for the formation of the USA - the crown of all human communities and the City on the hill! And then - the end of the story (Fukuyama).
    But two decades have passed (the pharaohs of the X-XX-XXV dynasties are neighing in their sarcophagi) - and Lexington and Boston will soon have to fight again, the world begins not only not to respect, but not to be afraid of the United States, and History is not the end, and the beginning of another story.
    1. Fat
      0
      25 January 2020 18: 51
      Quote: faterdom
      Warriors, on the one hand, on the other ... Compare at the same time almost our Pugachev revolt = a completely different scale of battles and the professionalism of the parties is much higher. Илб Russian-Turkish war. Nevertheless, the book from the series "100 Great Commanders" is a translated Americanism, puts George Washington in the first place as a commander of all times and peoples!
      Not Macedonian, not Hannibal, not Suvorov, not Tamerlane, not Temuchin! Washington. It amazed me back then, in the 90s, but the "explanation" put everything in its place: they say, the consequences for humanity were the most historical and global.
      American-centrism at its best: the whole history of mankind is only preparation for the formation of the USA - the crown of all human communities and the City on the hill! And then - the end of the story (Fukuyama).
      But two decades have passed (the pharaohs of the X-XX-XXV dynasties are neighing in their sarcophagi) - and Lexington and Boston will soon have to fight again, the world begins not only not to respect, but not to be afraid of the United States, and History is not the end, and the beginning of another story.

      I cannot afford such freedom of handling information as you do. There is no need to be afraid of a short history of the USA, it is enough just to know. In any case, any beast driven into a corner is almost a disaster for the side imagining itself as a "hunter" ....
      1. 0
        27 January 2020 11: 24
        There is a beautiful book by Horus Vidal - Barr. It’s about the time of the American Revolution and the first years of the republic. About Washington, something like this - many hoped that he would be caught and hanged, which would cause confusion and an incompetent commander who didn’t win a single battle, but knew how to cope with that rabble called the revolutionary army (he read it a long time ago, so I quote it in meaning)
  8. Fat
    +2
    25 January 2020 18: 44
    Paying, a wonderful word, in Russian wonder. The colonists themselves called such groups minintemans, which, in fact, meant the militia in a minute, someone called such groups police. In general, Langstnton went down in the history of the USA, the Red Ribbon, there were no USS classes that would not bear the name of this crazy shootout at the bridge.
  9. 0
    25 January 2020 20: 30
    Quote: Thick
    I cannot afford such freedom of handling information as you do. There is no need to be afraid of a short history of the USA, it is enough just to know. In any case, any beast driven into a corner is almost a disaster for the side imagining itself as a "hunter" ....

    I did not understand a little allegory - who imagines himself a hunter, but grabbed a piece too tough?
    In my opinion, this is precisely the USA. Year after year, they developed plans for nuclear bombing, they flew over our houses until Powers was shot down, they are now composing plans for the "first disarming strike" and for this they left the ABM and INF Treaty, they covered us with bases and a strip of instability. This is what they spend on weapons more than all other countries combined.
    And are they cornered? By whom, by us? They are driven, but by the course of history and the logic of financial capital, which needs to eat someone in order to grow. And if it’s America now, and we don’t let ourselves gobble up, then what do we have to do with it?
    Our concern is not to give the thought that we can be run into by military means, and to expand the territories where the Anglo-Saxons will also be ordered entry.
    So the allegories here are different: gluttonous, but hungry tyrannosaurus, and a smart monkey with a grenade launcher, but in a place inaccessible to him. Who will die out, and who will remain - that will write history.
  10. 0
    26 January 2020 14: 01
    Great stuff. A good answer to all the screamers who say that the United States does not have a story.

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