The number one region. Adygea without secrets and without deportations

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The number one region. Adygea without secrets and without deportations

Autonomy is not in words


Adygea received the first number in the list of Russian regions not so long ago, when the lettering of the republics, territories and regions was changed to digital. However, the first “alphabetical” number seems to reflect to a large extent the primacy of autonomy in the degree of loyalty and political trustworthiness.

In a series of publications “Secrets of deportations” (“Secrets of deportations. Part 1. Ingush and Chechens ", “Secrets of deportations. Part 2. Karachaevtsy ") the authors of "Military Review" deliberately left Adygea out of brackets. Adygea is by no means accidental since the days of the USSR that it has been considered the pillar of the regime in the region. Nonsense? Not at all. First of all, because it was during the Soviet period that this people first received national-administrative autonomy. This is the fundamental difference from the long period of stay of Adygea in the Ottoman Empire, and then, from the beginning of the XIX century, and the Russian Empire.




Moreover, as part of the USSR, Adyghe autonomy has repeatedly expanded its territory, which in the conditions of the North Caucasus has a very special significance. Soviet Circassians got the opportunity to preserve and increase their history, culture, your own language, which have become compulsory disciplines in the field of education in the region.

That is why it is not surprising that on the fronts, as in the partisan detachments of the Great Patriotic War, immigrants from Adygea and local residents showed unparalleled heroism. In those years, not only the mountains of South Adygea, but also its warriors and partisans themselves became an immortal barrier for the Nazis. They tried in vain to break through Adygea to the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus and Northern Abkhazia.

Who remembered the deportation?


Deportation in the history of Adygea was, but not during the Soviet era, but back in the 19th century, immediately after the end of the more than 40-year Caucasian war. In it, as you know, the Circassians were by no means the last among the fighters for freedom from the "White Tsar". It is for this that they paid the deportation to Turkey of at least 40 thousand compatriots.


Based on the historical memory of the Circassians, already in the years of World War II in Berlin and Ankara they believed that the war with Russia and expulsion to Turkey left a significant mark in the political consciousness of the people. Moreover, by the beginning of the Soviet period in Adygea itself there were no more than a quarter of the Circassians scattered around the world.

However, thanks to carefully calibrated Soviet policies specifically in Adygea, the calculations that its residents would constitute the vanguard of the Islamic-nationalist SS battalion or Wehrmacht failed. But even the option of including units from the Circassians into the Turkish troops, preparing for the invasion of the Caucasus in 1941-1943, was considered.

Everything happened exactly the opposite: it was the Circassians on the eve of the Wehrmacht invasion in the summer of 1942 that almost destroyed the oil and gas fields in the territory of Adygea. At the same time, they even managed to evacuate part of the mining equipment to the Turkmen port Krasnovodsk, where from 1942 to 1946. Tuapse refinery worked.


Incidentally, a number of oil and gas production facilities in Adygea have not been restored so far. But among them there are very numerous wells and deposits of “white” oil - an almost complete analogue of high-quality gasoline. Such deposits are also found in nearby Khadyzhensk, Apsheronsk and Neftegorsk. Incidentally, this led to the fact that in Adygea it was not required, and to this day it is not required to create large oil refining facilities.

Hitler broadcast in April 1942: "If I do not receive Maykop, Grozny or Baku oil, I will be forced to end this war." But it did not happen: only the Romanian oil and synthetic fuel from coal of Silesia and the Ruhr "saved" the Nazis.

But Nazi and pan-Turkist strategists did not take into account that after 1917, Moscow’s policy regarding the Circassians, initiated by People’s Commissar Joseph Stalin and Bolshevik curator of the Caucasus Sergo Ordzhonikidze, changed dramatically. Given the political geography of Adygea, the country's leadership, we repeat, decided to pursue a course towards the most favorable conditions for the Circassians.

Say, the Circassian ethnic groups that were on the Black Sea coast were not only not resettled or deported: they were allowed to settle in Adygea itself. Until 1938, Adyghe schools remained in those areas of the coast, newspapers appeared in the national language. And collectivization both there and in Adygea itself took place more formally than actually.

Perhaps that is why the Circassians did not help the invaders to find the shortest mountain routes to Sochi, Tuapse and Adler. Again, everything turned out the other way around: the overwhelming majority of the local population helped the partisans, the special forces of the NKVD or independently created partisan groups. Pan-Turkist propaganda provoked a backlash in Adygea: Turkish emissaries also worked in Adygea at that time, but most of them were identified by local residents.

It is worth recalling that out of the relatively small number of Adygea residents (about 160 thousand in 1941), during the Great Patriotic War 52, the soldiers of this autonomy became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and for military and labor exploits of 15 thousands of Circassians were awarded orders and medals.

Georgian trace


Now we can only regret that a popular guide to the resort capital of the Caucasus (Sochi: a city guide, Krasnodar, 1962,), published in thousands of copies, does not say a word about the role of Adygea and Circassians in the successful defense of Sochi, Tuapse, and the entire Black Sea coast of the RSFSR. There is no story about strengthening the defense capability of the north-western borders of neighboring Georgia, about the active actions of partisans in the Russian Black Sea ...

Shortly after the war, on December 5 of 1949, the bureau of the collegium of the USSR State Planning Commission approved the project submitted by the RSFSR Council of Ministers for the construction of a new Transcaucasian steel highway Adygea (Khadzhokh) - Krasnaya Polyana - Sochi almost 70 km long.

The relevant decision noted:
“Due to the growing congestion of the routes of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia railways along the Black Sea coast, blockages can soon occur both on these routes and on the approaches to them from the adjacent railways. In addition, only two, besides distant friend, operate between the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia. from each other there are steel lines along the coast of the Black and Caspian Seas, which no longer meets the growing demands for transportation between these regions. "


This decision confirmed first of all that the Soviet governing structures favored the Adyghe autonomy, which was then included in the Krasnodar Territory of the RSFSR. True, the construction of that road, begun in 1951, was interrupted in March of 1953, as if it were supposedly "premature and costly." Then, construction was resumed in 1972 and 1981 (in the direction of Adler adjacent to Georgia), but both times were canceled almost two to three weeks after the start of work. Which is not least connected with the position of the Georgian authorities.

The leadership of the Georgian SSR, very “influential” in Moscow, has been lobbying for the projects of the new Transcaucasian railway since the beginning of the 70. to Georgia through Chechen-Ingushetia and along the Georgian Military Highway (i.e. via North Ossetia). In 1982, the second option was chosen, construction began in 1984. But soon Tbilisi was worried about the "excessive penetration" of the RSFSR in Georgia, and a year later the construction was stopped.

Border issue


It remains to recall the borders of Adygea, which, unlike a number of other regions of the North Caucasus, did not become a problem. So, with the formation of the USSR, Adygea for a start (1922-1928 gg.) Was combined with the sister Circassia - within the borders of the Russian-Adyghe war. Then they decided that such a "scale" of the autonomous region would be an unsafe reminder of the former borders of this ethnic region.


Therefore, in 1928, it was decided to separate Adygea from Karachay-Cherkessia by the territory of the Krasnodar Territory (the Shedok-Psebay-Krasnaya Polyana region). And at the end of the 30-s this Autonomous Oblast, with its capital in the city of Koshekhabl (the central region of Adygea), was included in the Krasnodar Territory. The territory of the region then amounted to no more than 5,1 thousand square meters. km

Already in the second half of the 1930-s, along with the increasingly active development of the local economy and social sphere (the state, for example, from the end of the 1920-s there subsidized even citrus and tea growing, experiments with cotton growing and cultivation of olive trees), on the initiative of Stalin, territorial increments of the Adygea Autonomous Okrug.

First of all, she received the large neighboring city of the Krasnodar Territory Maykop, which has become the capital of Adygea since April 1936. And in February of the 1941, the Kamennomostsky mountain border region with Abkhazia became the Adyghe region of the same region, centered in the city of the same name. The stone bridge was soon renamed the Adyghe style - Hadzhokh. By the way, in this area before the war, large reserves of high-quality gold ore, silver, chromium, and vanadium were explored. But they are not developed to this day.


Finally, at the end of April 1962, the whole Tula region of the Krasnodar Territory with the eponymous center (southeast of Maykop) was included in Adygea. However, the Russian population, prevailing in the areas transferred to Adygea, was not evicted from there to maintain the ethno-political balance in this Autonomous Region. That is why today the share of Russians and Russian-speaking people in the total number of Adygea residents is about 60%, Adygs and related ethnic groups - over a third.

As a result, the territory of the Adygea Autonomous Okrug increased almost to 8 thousand square meters. km That it remains today. In addition, at the end of the 1960, the republic got direct access to one of the largest reservoirs in the south of the RSFSR, Krasnodar, located on the Kuban coast of the Enemy (western) region of Adygea. And by 1963, one of the so-called trans-North Caucasian steel highways (TSCM) began to pass through the same Enem.

Is it any wonder that the rate of economic growth of this region and the increase in the cultural and educational level of the population here were among the highest in the North Caucasus right up to the beginning of the 1970's? It is clear that similar measures described above were aimed primarily at making the Circassians from the once "selfless" opponents of Russia become its strong allies.
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  1. +4
    8 December 2019 07: 15
    It is strange, however, that so far they have not begun to develop oil! With greed then the oligarchs.
    1. -1
      8 December 2019 08: 10
      Finally, at the end of April 1962, the whole Tula region of the Krasnodar Territory with the eponymous center (southeast of Maykop) was included in Adygea. However, the Russian population, prevailing in the areas transferred to Adygea, was not evicted from there to maintain the ethno-political balance in this Autonomous Region. That is why today the share of Russians and Russian-speaking people in the total number of Adygea residents is about 60%, Adygs and related ethnic groups - over a third.


      I didn’t know, that’s how they created the national suburbs, Crimea Khokhlam is incomprehensible for what, Circassians like Circassians are the Russian regions of the Krasnodar Territory.
      The Russian population has not been evicted say? Should it have been evicted? What would you clean a place for?
      "Friendship of peoples" in the USSR was very unidirectional at the expense of the Russian people.
      1. -7
        8 December 2019 08: 50
        Quote: Bar2
        , this is how the national suburbs were created,

        Look at the map: the territory of Adygea has grown ... THREE times! At the expense of someone, and so it’s clear
        Quote: Bar2
        The Russian population has not been evicted say? Should it have been evicted?

        Also evicted: the Cossacks of the Kuban army (and this is Adygea) were evicted, destroyed, their lands and houses were transferred to the "red mountaineers".
        The "wise" policy of S. Ordzhonikidze, yes ....

        By the way, what did not suit the author of the KUBAN region that existed in the Republic of Ingushetia, where Maykop also belonged?
        And this:
        In it, as you know, the Circassians were by no means the last among the fighters for freedom from the "White Tsar". That’s why they paid by deportation to Turkey no less than 40 thousand compatriots.


        outright lie: Russia NEVER forcibly Circumcised Adygs to Turkey!
      2. +6
        8 December 2019 09: 51
        They were evicted for specific cases. It was only under Khrushchev Kukuruzny that the repressions suddenly turned out to be "unfounded." And if there was nothing to evict, then they did not evict.
        1. -4
          8 December 2019 13: 42
          What are you doing? The Russian empire waged war on the mountains, the empire collapsed, the Germans came, and promised independence. The situation of the USSR at that moment was not the most successful. There were hardly any warm feelings for Russia.
      3. +4
        8 December 2019 16: 21
        Russian regions did not give Adygs. Do not grind nonsense. Adygs were historically settled in the mountainous regions of the Kuban from Anapa to Mostovsky, Labinsk and Cape Adler. Is all this included in the autonomy? I live next to them and I know what I mean.
      4. -1
        8 December 2019 16: 27
        The entire Russian population of the KKrai arrived, the Cossacks settled in dangerous places and divided the Auls. The Armenians were brought in and settled in the evicted villages. It is no longer necessary to evict anyone, the ethnic composition has been formed, textbooks have long been written and rewritten. In the 90s, the Cossacks, in general, claimed to create a nationality - a Cossack. By the way, every year we celebrate "Voluntary Accession"
      5. 0
        11 December 2019 23: 10
        Tuapse Adyghe name, how is it? Psybay, Anapa, Sochi are all the Adyghe name even Mozdok (dark forest means).
    2. +1
      8 December 2019 09: 49
      Well, you need to invest money there, this is not an oligarchic business. These "effective owners" have been saving on geological exploration for 30 years.
      1. +1
        8 December 2019 19: 01
        For oil. The deposits are mostly mothballed, and indeed have not been restored after the war. In the Krasnodar Territory, oil is produced near Abinsk, and there is a nearby oil refinery in the same area. Well, in Tuapse, oil refining. In general, all this is sitting on the pipeline from the side of Tikhoretsk. Apparently, mining is unprofitable at the moment.
        1. +1
          8 December 2019 19: 23
          OKW colleague, you are absolutely right: oil production there is not very profitable. My friend worked at the Ilsk Oil Refinery, and said: there are few high-speed points in the Kuban. They are scanned preserved until day X
    3. +1
      8 December 2019 09: 50
      Rosneft produces .. oil is not enough to produce it needs to be delivered and there is not much oil here in Siberia. Enough for Krai’s supply, there isn’t for export.
      1. +8
        8 December 2019 14: 20
        Rosneft was the ("effective") owner of the PD-50 floating dock. I saved on the emergency power supply of the floating dock, as a result, when the electricity supply from the shore was cut off (power cut due to the sticking of wet snow), the dock sank.
        1. -3
          8 December 2019 14: 30
          Quote: Aviator_
          as a result ... the dock drowned

          I’m not going to argue, I’ll just point out a couple of facts that you didn’t mention:

          1. PD-50 - 1979 year of birth. Far from a young man already, that is.
          2. PD-50, like everyone older, has gone through the "funny 90s". Which certainly did not contribute to "health".

          By the way, has the investigation been completed? I mean, you are very confident in talking about the cause of the death of the dock. I heard something about the version with diversion, am I behind the times?

          Correct, if I am mistaken.
          1. +3
            8 December 2019 15: 18
            I have no data from the investigation. Information about the "effective owner" of the dock was taken from the Internet. Regarding the age of the PD-50, do you seriously think that with emergency power supply it would have sunk anyway? I haven’t heard about sabotage, but if it was, it showed its effectiveness.
          2. +1
            8 December 2019 23: 58
            Quote: Golovan Jack
            Correct, if I am mistaken.

            No, you are not mistaken! But judging by the number of minuses addressed to you, I will allow myself to assume that it became too much on the VO "youths" in quotes, maybe I wanted to define it even younger.
      2. The comment was deleted.
    4. +2
      8 December 2019 12: 55
      If you go from Krasnodar to Novorossiysk on the A-146 highway, you will see that oil production is underway (Rosneft).
      And not only mining, but also processing. Krasnodar Oil Refinery, Afipsky Oil Refinery, Ilsky Oil Refinery.
      And of course the Tuapse refinery (Rosneft), but it is on the other side.
    5. +3
      8 December 2019 15: 50
      Quote: Theodore
      It is strange, however, that so far they have not begun to develop oil! With greed then the oligarchs.

      The author is a little mistaken in its quality)).
    6. 0
      8 December 2019 20: 42
      Quote: Theodore
      It is strange, however, that so far they have not begun to develop oil! With greed then the oligarchs.

      What are you talking about? Who knows the refining in Russia?
    7. 0
      9 May 2020 21: 48
      There is oil in the North Caucasus not only in Adygea, but also in Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia and the CBD. In Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, high-quality oil, in Adygea and the CBD is extremely low, so no one needs it. Do not think that the oligarchs forgot about her :))
  2. +3
    8 December 2019 07: 16
    I rested in Khadyzhensk, a very good sanatorium "Mineralny", but the city itself is kind of abandoned .. Apsheronsk has a chic bus station, reminiscent of a mini-airport, in its architecture, it is clear that he had better times ...
    1. +9
      8 December 2019 09: 50
      Beer Khadyzhenskoye N1 ....
      1. +4
        8 December 2019 11: 37
        And Maikop tea, (especially from a breeding station) is UNREQUISABLE
        1. +3
          8 December 2019 20: 46
          Quote: knn54
          And Maikop tea, (especially from a breeding station) is UNREQUISABLE

          Only 1% of Krasnodar Tea was grown in the Kuban. The Court of Appeal upheld the FAS in the consumer fraud case.
          In November 2019, the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal upheld the arguments of the FAS, which previously recognized the use of the name "Krasnodar Tea" as unfair

          Earlier, the FAS Russia commission admitted that the Krasnodar Tea Association company was misleading consumers, as the blend of the products includes only 1% of the tea grown in the Krasnodar Territory. The rest of the blend consisted of tea imported from India, China and Tanzania.
  3. +6
    8 December 2019 07: 46
    The anniversary publication of 1914, dedicated to the end of the Caucasian war, contains the following lines: "Military operations in the Western Caucasus removed some Caucasian nationalities from the historical map and even destroyed their memory." Of the more than one million inhabitants of Circassia, only 5% of the Circassians remained in their native land - the rest died in the war or left for Turkey. As a result of the war, out of 12 Adyghe tribes, only 3 - Kabardins, Bjedugs and Shapsugs - remained in their traditional, historical places. Then and later, of them - “evicted under supervision” - in the course of interaction with the Russian, and then with the Soviet administration, 2 new peoples were formed - Circassians and Adyghe. The descendants of the people who once occupied the territory from modern Taman to Sochi were divided into 4 territorial units - Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea and 11 Shapsug auls in the Tuapse and Sochi districts of the Krasnodar Territory.
    1. +4
      8 December 2019 09: 52
      Some are not, Ubykh, for example. Ubykhs and Abazins - a bridge between Abkhazians and Adygs.
  4. +3
    8 December 2019 07: 48
    What is so modest about deportation? Not only to Turkey, but to the place where they now live, they were also deported from the mountains and coastal areas.
    1. +4
      8 December 2019 09: 56
      The topic is now not fashionable, the nuts were tightened before the Olympics. Settled on the outskirts of the Ottoman possessions, like the Cossacks here. From Yugoslavia to Israel. Syria, Jordan, Turkey. They are not allowed to move to their homeland. On a common basis, only in those regions where there is a program. Although the Circassians are not marked by participation in ISIS and always support the government.
      1. +2
        8 December 2019 15: 57
        Quote: Zaurbek
        The topic is now not fashionable, the nuts were tightened before the Olympics. Settled on the outskirts of the Ottoman possessions, like the Cossacks here. From Yugoslavia to Israel. Syria, Jordan, Turkey. They are not allowed to move to their homeland. On a common basis, only in those regions where there is a program. Although the Circassians are not marked by participation in ISIS and always support the government.

        Circassians are the backbone of the personal guard of the Hashemite dynasty of Jordan, in Israel (there are only two Circassian villages) they are considered to be an elite (officers, special services, business), in Syria they are also mainly serving
  5. +8
    8 December 2019 10: 45
    Of the 400 thousand people in Adygea, almost 300 thousand Russians.
    That’s all said, the rest is talk in favor of the poor.
    1. +7
      8 December 2019 12: 57
      I’ll say more ... in Krai (along with Adygea) there are more Armenians than Adygs.
  6. +3
    8 December 2019 12: 42
    Quote: Zaurbek
    Beer Khadyzhenskoye N1 ....

    That is yes. A friend of mine in Rostov supplies it. Better than he tried few of the beer. Apparently, local water is so affected.
    1. +3
      8 December 2019 12: 57
      Maykop is still good.
    2. +4
      8 December 2019 18: 13
      Quote: faterdom
      Quote: Zaurbek
      Beer Khadyzhenskoye N1 ....

      That is yes. A friend of mine in Rostov supplies it. Better than he tried few of the beer. Apparently, local water is so affected.

      By the way, yes. Beer contains only hops, malt and water. Provided equal quality is better where the water tastes better. drinks This I still reflected in the GSVG. In Arnstadt I take the same beer as in Uterbog, and the taste is different. Over time, he got used to the fact that Rodeberger was about nothing (it’s good that Putin does not hear) laughing By the way, the most delicious beer was made in Zossen, but there was a small brewery, you could only buy in the shops of this city. I remember when I lived in Wünsdorf, ran to Zossen for a beer - 3 or 5 km. For the sake of pleasure - Chukhna. It seems that Sanssouci Castle was called.
      1. +3
        8 December 2019 18: 42
        Quote: Doliva63
        Beer contains only hops, malt and water.

        And the brewer's conscience, however. crying
        1. +3
          8 December 2019 19: 16
          Quote: mordvin xnumx
          Quote: Doliva63
          Beer contains only hops, malt and water.

          And the brewer's conscience, however. crying

          Well, this is not discussed)
  7. +1
    8 December 2019 13: 03
    Quote: Olgovich
    outright lie: Russia NEVER forcibly Circumcised Adygs to Turkey!

    Well, of course, I completely agree with you - everything was voluntary, the choice was either plain Kuban or Turkey, you can’t stay in place :)
    1. +2
      8 December 2019 16: 22
      The villages that remained near Tuapse and Sochi went to the mountains, sat out eviction there and then they were left. Before the Olympics, it is true that DK and Schools were updated and built.
  8. 0
    8 December 2019 20: 42
    Interesting note. Regarding the leaflet of the tear-off calendar for 1962, I remember from childhood that such leaflets always wrote what year it was from the Great October Socialist Revolution. But not here
  9. The comment was deleted.
  10. 0
    9 December 2019 16: 02
    I live in the Kuban, that is, almost on the bank, across the Adygea river. Sometimes the bells of our church are heard, sometimes the chants of the mullah from across the river. There are no problems! Why the article about the eviction appeared is not clear. As the Circassians say: "Is it at the fay?" (what do you want?) to say this. Yes, there were irreconcilable Circassians who moved to Turkey, Iraq and Syria in whole auls because they did not accept the tsarist power. Those who remained here have always been loyal to the authorities. They are hard workers and hard workers. Everyone has order and cleanliness in the yards. They observe their traditions and customs, they honor the elderly, especially in auls. Well done they are that they have not lost their individuality and distinctiveness under the onslaught of pop culture. And of the peoples of the North Caucasus, they are the most peaceful. Maikop is indeed populated mainly by non-Circassians. There are more Russians, Ukrainians, Armenians and other nationalities. I also have friends and acquaintances in Adygea. And "frostbitten" everywhere come across, regardless of nationalities. As for oil - yes, there is not much for the needs of the republic and the region. There were even small gold mines in mountain rivers, timber is felled for sale here and there, sometimes illegally ...
    Let me give you another example: Once in my youth I had to stomp on foot with a backpack on the road in the area of ​​settlements of Kaluzhskaya st. - Smolenskaya st. My friend and I walked along the roads for a long time. None of the passing local cars stopped to give us a ride, although the cars were almost empty. One middle-aged Adyghe stayed, carrying his family. Somehow, shoving the children into the arms of his wife and making room, he sat us down and brought us to the place. So judge for yourself about the attitude towards us, Russian. So come to us, to the North Caucasus from your disgusting cities - to relax and heal your nerves. The nature in our mountains is beautiful, and two seas are at hand!
  11. 0
    20 December 2019 16: 09
    I was in Maykop .... I was surprised by the private sector of the city - the streets are absolutely even, parallel to each other and the blocks are of the correct form ....
  12. The comment was deleted.
  13. 0
    9 May 2020 21: 54
    Error in article content. The heroes of the USSR from Adygea are not 52 and 56 people, but only 6 people from the Adyghe people themselves.
    https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F)

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