ZIL-131: the workhorse of the Soviet Army

94


Originally from Moscow


In the book of Yevgeny Kochnev, “Cars of the Soviet Army 1946-1991”, the idea of ​​the influence of American REO M34 trucks on the design of the domestic ZIL-131 is presented. Even if this is so, then in the Soviet Union they chose a good option to follow. Work on the American car ended in 1949, and a couple of years later the truck went into the army. The all-wheel drive three-axle M34, along with numerous modifications, has become one of the most common vehicles in the US Army and received the nickname Eager Beaver, or "Conscientious" for unsurpassed reliability. The appearance of the truck did not differ in grace (as, indeed, for all American wheeled vehicles), the cab was generally open, but the gearbox had 5 steps with synchronizers, and the overhead 6 cylinder engine developed quite decent 127 l. from. The M34 carrying capacity on unpaved roads did not exceed 2,5 tons, and the hard surface under the wheels made it possible to load up to 4,5 tons.




"American" M34. Perhaps it was his motives that were used to create the ZIL-131


In the USSR, the direct predecessor of the 131 machine is not the most successful ZIS-151, which, in turn, leads history from the Lend-Lease Studebaker. In addition to a weak engine and a large mass, an important drawback of the truck was the gable tire of the rear axles. On the one hand, this was demanded by the military in pursuit of greater carrying capacity, and on the other, it severely limited the car's ability to pass through soft soils and snow virgin lands. When the legendary ZIL-157 appeared in the army, there were also claims to it in terms of low payload and weak traction capabilities - it was not suitable for the role of an artillery tractor. It was for the artillery units in the middle of the 50's that they began to develop the ZIS-128, which, incidentally, had a lot in common with the previously mentioned "American" M34.

ZIL-131: the workhorse of the Soviet Army

ZIL-131 and analogues





ZIS-128 in traction version for artillery





ZIS-128 in transport version


In the original version, the car was called ZIS-E128V, but with the first prototypes stopped at the ZIS-128. This car was not actually a continuation of the ZIS-151 line, it was distinguished by a new transfer case, gearbox, centralized tire inflation system and other details. The loading platform was lowered down to reduce the center of gravity and simplify unloading / loading of ammunition. History has not preserved for us a single instance of that experimental machine, but in the photographs the trucks are presented with at least three cabs, of which only one is all-metal. It is worth remembering that the experienced ZIS-128 appeared almost simultaneously with the first "classic" ZIL-157 machines. Such paradoxes of design work within one plant were explained by the requirements and the pickiness of the main customer in the person of the Ministry of Defense. There was another analogue of the future 131 machine - ZIL-165, which was a hodgepodge of various units, in particular, the cab was from 130. According to one version, it was the cramped cabin, as well as the weak in-line 6 cylinder engine, that caused the military to refuse this design in the 1957 year. At that time, everyone was already aware that a new engine with a power of one and a half hundred horsepower was required for a new car. But he was gone.






ZIL-165


Due to starvation in 1958, the military wrapped up the ZIL-131L prototype (not to be confused with the ZIL-131L timber carrier that appeared later) with an experimental V-shaped 6-cylinder engine with 135 l capacity. from. The car was distinguished by a steel cargo platform with low sides and conical rims.

The first prototypes with the 131 index


The first ZIL-131 cars appeared at the end of the 1956 year and at first they were equipped with 6-cylinder engines, which were subsequently replaced by V-shaped "eights". It was supposed to develop the car in two versions - ZIL-131 for artillery and ZIL-131A for transport needs of mainly motorized rifle troops.










ZIL-131A


In fact, ZIL-131 was not originally planned for widespread use in the ground forces - he was preparing a career mainly for an artillery tractor. At that time, there was a ZIL-157 “Cleaver” in the army, which, according to most parameters, suited the military. That is, the 131 machine was not supposed to replace any equipment, but was originally an independent niche development. Perhaps that is why there was no particular urgency with the adoption of the machine. ZIL-157, by the way, was collected before the 1991 year, although to a greater extent it was not for the army. But the manners and strategies of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union in those days were variable, and as a result, the ZIL-131 turned from an artillery tractor into a multi-purpose truck.
















ZIL-131 prototype at various stages of testing


History will show that in terms of the number of possible use cases, a three-axle all-terrain vehicle from Moscow will be almost the most popular in the Soviet Army. In total, six prototypes were built at the end of the 50's, including transport, traction models and even one truck tractor. After preliminary tests by the year 1960, the factory workers presented the seriously modified trucks to the military. Compared with the “Cleaver”, the ZIL-131 was more economical, it took more cargo, but was somewhat inferior in cross-country ability. The publication "Autolends of the USSR" also mentions that the military identified an excessive mass of prototypes, insufficient ground clearance and low mobility - no more than 1,2 meters at the required one and a half meters. At ZIL, the flaws were corrected by July 1960, but repeated tests revealed a tendency to skid due to an unsuccessful tread pattern and unsatisfactory operation of cross-axle limited-slip differentials. After eliminating these shortcomings and modernizing the shielded electrical equipment, military specialists left for further work the only version of the future truck in the transport version. It was decided to abandon the artillery tractor.


An experimental version of the ZIL-131 windshield. Flat glass made it possible to quickly change broken sections and, most importantly, in the future you could think about booking



Another version of ZIL-131 with flat glass and a sealed cabin, 1983 year



Eric Szabo - ZIL chief designer



Search layout of the future ZIL-131. Some sources write that the Zilovites did not leave the original cladding of the civil 130 in exchange for the consent of the military with a panoramic windshield



At the end of the first part of the material, I present, probably, the most unusual ZIL-131. This semi-bonnet car was developed and assembled at the Chernigov factory of special vehicles in the early 80's. The main purpose is to accompany cinema expeditions on the road


The described ZIL-131 prototypes were already then difficult to distinguish from future production models. Present were branded, angular wings, a protective grille for head lighting and a wooden lattice body. The transmission was distinguished by relative lightness and simplicity, had an average passage bridge, which favorably distinguished it from a similar ZIL-157 design, in which there were already five cardans. In addition, the cabin of the 131 ZIL was more spacious, and the pressure in the wheels was regulated by a system with internal air supply. Having a high unification with the civil ZIL-130, the army truck was distinguished by a panoramic windshield, which was a kind of nonsense for military equipment. Difficulties arose both with the replacement of broken triplex and with the transportation of curved glass. It is surprising that, subjecting the car to lengthy and picky tests, military experts realized too late the impracticability of curved panoramic glass from ZIL-130. On 19 of January 1959, Colonel Engineer G. A. Getmanov, participating in prototype tests, wrote to the ZIL Chief Engineer that “the use of panoramic windows on the cab, without giving any advantages, seriously complicates driving at night due to the appearance of continuous glare on glass from headlights of oncoming cars. " They did not refuse panoramic glass, but only divided it into two parts.

To be continued ...
  • Evgeny Fedorov
  • war-time.ru, dishmodels.ru, drive2.ru, hodor.lol, en.cars.photo, doroshenko-us.livejournal.com
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  1. +26
    11 November 2019 06: 12
    ZIL-131, like his brother ZIL-130, are of course legends about which more to tell and tell ... The author THANKS for the work, interesting. +
    1. +4
      11 November 2019 08: 09
      True build quality and components fell strongly towards the end of the USSR.
      1. +8
        11 November 2019 08: 11
        Quote: Civil
        True build quality and components fell strongly towards the end of the USSR.

        And there was nothing to bring the Vietnamese to the main conveyor
        1. +4
          11 November 2019 10: 55
          Quote: svp67
          And there was nothing to bring the Vietnamese to the main conveyor

          Under capitalism, there generally Tajiks details poured. The conveyor is assembly, this is nonsense.
      2. +6
        11 November 2019 10: 55
        Thanks, like it so much . This car would have a diesel, it would have no price. The diesel engine has many advantages, less fuel consumption, it would not "flood" the engine at the crossing.
        No wonder that all modern freight (and military) switched to a diesel engine.
        1. +4
          11 November 2019 12: 02
          Quote: Blacksmith 55
          This car would have a diesel engine, it would not have a price

          Yes, yes there was such a modification ... The AMUR plant produced ZIL-131N with a ZIL 550 diesel engine, produced at the same AMUR plant
          1. The comment was deleted.
          2. 0
            13 November 2019 18: 37
            Quote: svp67
            at the same plant AMUR

            and the Vietnamese did not work there
            1. 0
              13 November 2019 20: 31
              Quote: IL-18
              and the Vietnamese did not work there

              I honestly don’t know, but with a great deal of confidence - hardly. The climate is not the same ...
              1. +2
                14 November 2019 07: 08
                The climate from Moscow differs slightly. The Vietnamese simply would not have passed the questionnaire. To put it mildly, they all have relatives abroad bully
                1. 0
                  14 November 2019 12: 16
                  Quote: IL-18
                  The climate from Moscow differs slightly.

                  Is that what you joked about? Is the climate in the Urals the same as in Moscow?
                  1. 0
                    15 November 2019 07: 38
                    In absolute terms, no, but overall, yes. At least in Novouralsk.
        2. +8
          11 November 2019 13: 26
          In my opinion, for this class of cars we still do not have a decent diesel engine.
          Itself with pleasure drove both 130, and 131. The second course is harder on the go, but the impressions of both cars were the most positive.
          1. +3
            14 November 2019 16: 31
            My father taught me how to ride a 130m in childhood, there was no more happiness than driving on it on country roads, my father often took with him. Ehhhh ... no iPhone will give so much joy to modern children. IMHO
          2. 0
            18 November 2019 09: 29
            And KAMAZ diesel engines? Or are they already too big?
        3. +1
          12 November 2019 06: 19
          Quote: Blacksmith 55
          This car would have a diesel, it would have no price. The diesel engine has many advantages, less fuel consumption, it would not "flood" the engine at the crossing.

          In the terms of reference for the 4th experimental series of ZiL-130/375 engines, there was a requirement to create diesel engines on the basis of these engines.
      3. +3
        12 November 2019 00: 10
        Quote: Civil
        True build quality and components fell strongly towards the end of the USSR.

        Maybe ... But I had a ZIL-130 MMZ-554 1993 Guards Made to last! And even after buying it from the "southern peoples" after a short rehabilitation, he served and worked ... How do you like the "lullaby" performed by the centrifuge?
    2. +3
      11 November 2019 19: 46
      ..... In comparison with the "Cleaver" ZIL-131 was more economical, took more cargo, but was somewhat inferior in cross-country ability .....

      On YouTube there is a video where the guys drove 157 and 131 ZIL in the marshland.
      ZIL 131 passed where 157 stuck.
      By the way, for the testers themselves the result was unexpected.
      1. +1
        11 November 2019 20: 35
        Quote: Bad_gr
        On YouTube there is a video where the guys drove 157 and 131 ZIL in the marshland.

        1. +1
          14 November 2019 16: 32
          I watched the video, it’s a little objectively there, in the sense that 130 is not quite standard, they reworked something in gearboxes and somewhere else. In general, an interesting video
          1. +1
            14 November 2019 19: 08
            Quote: Romka47
            there it’s a little not objective, in the sense that 130 is not quite standard, they reworked something there in gearboxes and somewhere else.

            There is no 130th in the video. Compare the 131st and 157th - quite standard.
            1. 0
              15 November 2019 15: 07
              Sori, of course, 131, I think about one I write about another
      2. +3
        12 November 2019 17: 11
        I myself had to participate in such a "test". The 131st walked slowly but calmly where the 157th was pulled by winches. He clung to the gearboxes on the axles. In the 131st they are much smaller.
        And normally GAZ-66, K-700 and a tractor passed there.
        Taiga road in the Zhigalovo region, Irkutsk region.
      3. +1
        18 November 2019 07: 22
        He had a brewed differential, and 131 had a half-killed motor. Now they changed the motor and showed a video where 157 goes through the swamp. It shows the real cross
        1. 0
          18 November 2019 14: 09
          Quote: ZAV69
          ...... and showed the video where 157 goes through the swamp. It shows the real cross

          In the first video, 157 lost 131st not because of the motor, but because the bumper, like a bulldozer, raked a heap of land in front of it, and the 131st bypassed it due to higher draft, locking differentials and a smaller overhang in front.
          What, in such a situation, will change the new motor on the 157th?
          1. 0
            19 November 2019 00: 23
            At 131 differential lock an abnormal element. On this particular 131 differential is generally brewed. In this video, 131 has an advantage due to the larger diameter of the wheel, it is a special case. My father worked for 157 and 131 for a total of 30 with a tail of years, and he believed that 157 had better passability, especially on unstable soils. Better due to the features of the engine. 157 pulls in tightness, and 131 breaks into a slip. But, working at 131 was more comfortable. Something like that...
      4. 0
        28 May 2020 12: 15
        worked on a gas pipeline, in Turkmenistan, on ZIL -157 passed where 131 sat on bridges. and this, given that I have a front axle, was without axles! RESPECT ZIL 157 !!!!! !!!!
  2. +15
    11 November 2019 06: 39
    Thank you to the author! Sorry ZIL! Thank you very much for everything! You were needed both in the army and in civilian life. Thank you, hard worker machine! Here's some kind of sad comment.
    1. The comment was deleted.
  3. +7
    11 November 2019 07: 30
    And how many there were in "civilian life". All GEOPHYSICS are often PKS-3,5 lifts based on the 131st. But now everything has come back to haunt. There is no factory, no salary, everything that remains from the military has already been picked up. You won't find 131s on the roads. sad
    1. +7
      11 November 2019 08: 03
      Quote: Nycomed
      But now everything has come back to haunt. There is no factory, no salary, everything that remains from the military has already been picked up. You won't find 131s on the roads.

      You will meet, but not in those quantities. Mostly towers and rigs.
      1. +1
        14 November 2019 16: 33
        Vodokanal yes technical assistance, high light yet. and yes ..
    2. +5
      11 November 2019 09: 35
      They still work in leshozes, even 157 come across
      1. +2
        11 November 2019 12: 43
        There is one village in the mountains of the North Caucasus living at the expense of forestry, so Zil 131 is revered there like no other machine. Very fond of unpretentiousness and the ability to wade in highlands through dense shrubs with overload
      2. +1
        18 November 2019 07: 23
        A couple of days ago I saw zil 157 1967 release. On the run.
    3. +8
      11 November 2019 12: 28
      We have not quoted PKS-3.5 for driving on winter roads. Only the Urals, including gasoline ones. And diesel in general were fire. In fact, snow had to be dug several times less often compared to ZIL 131m.
  4. +2
    11 November 2019 07: 42
    Temporarily working at ZiL in 1981, he was struck by the working assembly line for assembling ZiL-157. Then there were plans to transfer the production to Miass. I don’t know whether it turned out or not.
    1. +1
      11 November 2019 09: 34
      Not Miass, in my opinion - Kamensk-Uralsky. All "hardware" was made at Ziil, and only then was sent to the Urals for assembly.
      1. +4
        11 November 2019 11: 01
        Quote: andrewkor
        Then there were plans to transfer the production thereof to Miass

        Quote: Nycomed
        Not Miass, in my opinion - Kamensk-Uralsky.

        Not both
        Ural Automotive Plant (UAMZ) is a Soviet, later Russian company, manufacturer of trucks, internal combustion engines and other automotive components, located in the city of Novouralsk Sverdlovsk region.
        From the 2004 of the year to the final liquidation in the 2018 of the year it was called AMUR (“Automobiles and Motors of the Urals”).
        1. +1
          11 November 2019 12: 08
          Thanks! Prompted! And then "infa" went on the level of "grandmother's gossip". Thanks!
    2. +5
      11 November 2019 09: 38
      We were in the part 157 1986 release. Instead of the stove there was a fan with air supply from the main radiator. 157 on cross was better than 131, but the cabin was ancient and the three of them were very crowded.
      1. +7
        11 November 2019 10: 02
        At our drilling rig there was a "shift" - the 157th. The drivers were offered to change to the 131st, they refused. Yes, the cabin is cramped, for 2 people, there is no hydraulic booster. But, in terms of cross-country ability, the ZIL-157 was cooler!
  5. +5
    11 November 2019 08: 09
    A wonderful article. The civilian cabin from 130 did not suit the military because of poor maintainability. Even then it turned out that on the 130, the front wings, which are civilly welded to the cockpit, are the first to rust. At 131 they are bolted.
    In tank armies on the basis of 131, tank repair workshops and maintenance vehicles were created.
    1. +3
      11 November 2019 08: 53
      Flat glass made it possible to quickly change broken sections

      Not allowed.
      Quote: Leader of the Redskins
      on the 130, the front fenders, which are civilly welded to the cab, are the first to begin to rust.

      Nothing is welded there. Everything is the same with bolts. But the metal is a little thinner, sort of.
      1. +1
        11 November 2019 09: 07
        Then why did the Soviet designers write this ... The last point ...

        And the welder at our base did not work without working with them.
        1. +7
          11 November 2019 09: 41
          The ZIL 130-131 wing consists, without a trace, of 6-8-and parts connected by spot welding. Most often, the side part adjacent to the cabin rotted. Here, in parts, it was possible to repair. But the wing itself, as a whole, was not welded to the cockpit. Although there were such figures who welded it. But this is, as they say, a collective farm.
    2. +1
      11 November 2019 18: 37
      And PAKs based on the 131st were.
  6. +11
    11 November 2019 08: 10
    ZIL-131 ... The most favorite car, like the one hundred and thirty. It's like a Kalashnikov assault rifle on wheels. All my service practically took place on the 131st ... It was a cool car, don't tell me.
    1. +1
      11 November 2019 18: 39
      In the heat, both fuel pumps refused.
      1. +1
        12 November 2019 00: 30
        Quote: alex967
        In the heat, both fuel pumps refused.

        So treated at a time! A piece of wet rags on a gasoline pump and again in service!
      2. +2
        12 November 2019 00: 57
        Quote: alex967
        In the heat, both fuel pumps refused.

        I don’t know, we feared more frosts in the Far East. Once a couple of "specialists", with the rank of captain and starley, managed to unfreeze all the platoon's equipment at once, if on the 66s only the plugs were squeezed out, then on 3 ZIL and Ural-375 it turned out "qualitatively" so that the blocks had to be changed. just unexpectedly at night the temperature dropped to -12, and no one expected that winter would come in the Far East at the end of October. laughing Well, the fighter who drained the water from the cooling system did not know that there was more than one tap in the cars to drain the water ... In general, when I left the vacation, on the first launch, I was fully met with happiness.
  7. +3
    11 November 2019 08: 21
    It seems that in the near future in our army will not appear an analog of ZIL - a medium-tonnage truck. Now only large-capacity Urals and KAMAZ trucks.
    1. +2
      11 November 2019 09: 40
      KAMAZ and Ural will be completely replaced by three-bridge ones. I especially liked KAMAZ, the review is excellent
      1. +4
        11 November 2019 14: 11
        Quote: _Sergey_
        KAMAZ and Ural will be completely replaced by three-bridge ones. I especially liked KAMAZ, the review is excellent

        Now we have army KAMAZ-4350 running in our city, as a replacement for both GAZ-66 and ZIL-131. "All-wheel drive KAMAZ 4350 Mustang
        For an effective and mobile response on the borders of the state, the armed forces of Russia must be provided with good military equipment. The KamAZ plant in Naberezhnye Chelny, along with many enterprises in the automotive industry, is engaged in the production of medium-duty vehicles for the needs of army units. "Https://promplace.ru/gruzovye-avtomobili-staty-i-obzory/kamaz-4350-1326.htm

  8. +1
    11 November 2019 08: 32
    Now has it been replaced by KamAZ and Urpl 4x4?
    1. +3
      11 November 2019 10: 36
      Quote: Zaurbek
      Now has it been replaced by KamAZ and Urpl 4x4?

      They’re still running, on the road a couple of times I saw it in the convoy. But most of them were written off or sent for storage, yes.
      1. +2
        11 November 2019 14: 21
        Quote: Gray Brother
        They’re still running, on the road a couple of times I saw it in the convoy.

        Me, too, basically remained technicals. In our city, you will not see much. When the border was demarcated with the PRC, troops were withdrawn from both sides 100km from the border, which we have with the Chinese. Only the border guards remained, and the commandant’s office.
  9. +9
    11 November 2019 09: 03
    I studied driving license at ZIL-131 in DOSAAF.
    I have no complaints about the car. But the engine is rather weak and lacks playfulness. This was immediately felt when I was driving a Ural-375, and especially Ural-4320.

    And my driving master was a natural German. ;) I arrive early in the morning, winter, cold, guys with buckets running around pouring radiators, the makers are smoking and cheering - and mine has already flooded and messing around doing something there. ;))
    1. +6
      11 November 2019 14: 11
      We drove to DOSAAF in two cars: ZIL-131 and Ural-4320. The comparison is not in favor of ZIL. The passability of the Urals is definitely higher. Power steering works better, there is no steering wheel bump on every bump. In the troops, we had to travel in the Ural-43202 and KAMAZ 5350, on the ZIL-131 we had only MTOs in rem. company. The soldiers who traveled in the Urals to the ZIL were spitting. The gasoline was still of that quality. In frost: "don't be out of the way, you won't start." To start from a tug, you need to make more than one circle in the park. The Urals, even in severe frosts, started up easily, in the worst case, a capping with a burning solarium under the pallet and a torch in the air filter housing. From the pusher immediately grabs. and the advantage over KAMAZ is that the Urals are normally disinhibited, and KAMAZ, on the contrary, so you cannot start from the pusher, and the Urals have better cross-country ability, but this is a personal opinion. In general, I agree with you, Oleg. Ural rules!
      1. +2
        12 November 2019 17: 16
        Almost one ZIL-131 was in the army. Unreliable in the hands of soldiers. They were constantly sorting out so that they would even leave the park. When the Urals-4320 came, they idolized. Especially for the passable. Although in those parts it was just deep snow. I never even heard about salt flats.
  10. Eug
    +4
    11 November 2019 09: 08
    Met the 131st with a diesel engine from IFA, brought from the former. GDR. Very practical car.
  11. +3
    11 November 2019 10: 51
    I don’t know how it’s onboard, but with a kung it’s just wretched cars, it doesn’t drive, it doesn’t pull, the capricious scribe eats gasoline, as there are no good words about it, it’s just that the Urals already had diesel engines with me, so I don’t take this miracle of technology
    1. +5
      11 November 2019 11: 52
      I mean with the kung? Of course, if the kung is fully equipped with all necessary equipment, then there will not be a peppy zilok. Even the usual MRMka with a turner and all the bells and whistles weighed mom do not worry. For my kung with a repair shop for repairing electronic components of sights, in my opinion, weighed according to the passport in the region of 12 tons!
      And if it’s just kung, it’s fun.
      The first is to immediately go through the shielded wiring. Yes, long, but dreary. But the car is removed from storage after a long parking period, it constantly gives breakdowns and the engine troits. Essno to regulate the valve more often. Well, and another important point, we sawed off the tube of the limiter with a file, so that would not have been noticeable. Because for a non-working limiter they fought well like that. And then the zilok runs so fun 100+ km laughing VAI was the moment I caught, said 115 km, measured on its Volga.
      On passability, the 131st is inferior to the 157th clearly, not very critical but inferior. Another drawback is the lack of an interaxle differential and the electro-pneumatic inclusion of the front axle. Therefore, when driving on ice, the 131st behaves like a cow with the front end and strives to leave like on skis. And electro-pneumatics with a long start tries to knock out the fuse.
      In general, a normal car with its own features but reliable and fast.
      1. +1
        11 November 2019 13: 20
        triple engine, yes, it was constantly ... we had a whole rembat on these forces
    2. +4
      11 November 2019 17: 29
      Quote: dnestr74
      I don’t know how it’s onboard, but with a kung it’s just wretched cars, it doesn’t drive, it doesn’t pull, the capricious scribe eats gasoline, as there are no good words about it, it’s just that the Urals already had diesel engines with me, so I don’t take this miracle of technology

      I do not agree with you. Served a year on 131st in KBVO. Often went to the exercises over long distances and on different roads, and sometimes on the road. In single player mode on the 110 track I squeezed it out of ZIL, and I had to pull it in tow. Good car! And on the 157th ZiLe he harvested for 6 months both in the Rostov region and in Kazakhstan. Due to the low-speed engine, its patency is higher than that of the 131st.
    3. +1
      12 November 2019 17: 17
      Yes .. in the army, okay with gasoline, but in civilian ..... it was even impossible to calculate how much he ate.
  12. +4
    11 November 2019 12: 02
    how many tales that 157 are steeper than 131 in cross-country ability, but in the u-tube, not a single video has confirmed this. Of course, a lot depends on the driver, but the fact remains. and what do they write here that the drivers refused to change 157 to 131, so it was not just - they did not want to change the 21st Volga to the 24th, instead of Lada they did not accept the people and the "chisel" 2108 ... a habit, sir
    1. +5
      11 November 2019 12: 47
      Quote: Andy
      how many tales that 157 are steeper than 131 in cross-country ability, but in the u-tube, not a single video has confirmed this. Of course, a lot depends on the driver, but the fact remains. and what do they write here that the drivers refused to change 157 to 131, so it was not just - they did not want to change the 21st Volga to the 24th, instead of Lada they did not accept the people and the "chisel" 2108 ... a habit, sir

      Normally, the 131st was with patency. He also ran for 100. His army was a favorite car.
  13. +5
    11 November 2019 12: 50
    Quote: Andy
    how many tales that 157 are cooler than the 131st cross

    He himself worked as a youth in the Arctic on Zil -157, he is better than the Urals and Zil -131 went on the road. Due to the weight and low speed ICE. The only thing you need to follow the fingers in the rut (hold the steering wheel correctly). I had it without a power steering, although the newer ones came with a hydraulic booster (they were assembled in the Urals at a car assembly plant from car kits)
    1. 0
      11 November 2019 21: 44
      Fingers with fingers, but the left elbow had to be protected ...
  14. +2
    11 November 2019 12: 51
    Quote: svp67
    ZIL-131, like his brother ZIL-130, are of course legends about which more to tell and tell ... The author THANKS for the work, interesting. +

    .... I learned to drive and got a driver’s license on this car ... great car ....
  15. +1
    11 November 2019 14: 31
    And what a sound his "fart"! Can't be confused with anything.
  16. BAI
    +4
    11 November 2019 19: 02
    ZIL-131, of course, a good car for its time. But fuel consumption ...
    1. +3
      11 November 2019 20: 58
      Duc for operating conditions, where they planned to use the car, it no longer mattered. There is already a barrel more, a barrel less ... The thing is.
    2. +1
      11 November 2019 21: 45
      The Ural had more, and besides, 93rd ...
    3. +2
      12 November 2019 08: 25
      Quote: BAI
      ZIL-131, of course, a good car for its time. But fuel consumption ...

      Our company had fuel trucks on the ZiL-131 chassis, so K-135 carburetors stood on them, they spent about 30 liters per hundred, it’s hard now to say for sure how long ago.
  17. +3
    11 November 2019 20: 37
    Two years of "term" in the PV of the senior remgroup. Subordinated to: 131st MTO and MRIV with a turner. The MTO with a winch and crane beam and other gadgets for repairing vehicles ran quite easily, but the MRIV with a machine and a welder (still almost 12 tons) with effort, but solid. The wiring on all 131s and 130s from shielded to normal was immediately replaced (the shield was often punctured). And it's so simple, reliable and not cramped in the cockpit.
    1. +3
      11 November 2019 20: 57
      Quote: Batar
      Two years of "term" in the PV of the senior remgroup. Subordinated to: 131st MTO and MRIV with a turner. The MTO with a winch and crane beam and other gadgets for repairing vehicles ran quite easily, but the MRIV with a machine and a welder (still almost 12 tons) with effort, but solid. The wiring on all 131s and 130s from shielded to normal was immediately replaced (the shield was often punctured). And it's so simple, reliable and not cramped in the cockpit.

      Fiery greetings to the ORTM staff and drinks
  18. +6
    11 November 2019 20: 55
    Somehow, I had not previously underestimated this test machine. But then, I realized how wrong I was. And just even * imbued *. Taki car industry from ZIL is my unbearable love. 130 ZIL! - I dreamed of riding it. For me, a beautiful car. Now I come across somewhere — I can’t take my eyes off. The great sadness is that the plant was taken away. Until recently, there was a hope that they would come to their senses.
    1. 0
      12 November 2019 01: 31
      Factories in the capital destroyed to get rid of the working class. Hefty bourgeois are afraid of large, united workers' collectives. Panoramic glass - oh, there was no longer Stalin to press the horns of the factory administration. Army truck for peace service, the experience of war down the drain. And the supply of warm air from the radiator to the tilt body did not work. How to carry the wounded in severe frost?
      1. +4
        12 November 2019 08: 50
        Car factories in Moscow died differently. AZLK killed Luzhkov by putting Mr. Asatryan, the director, from YerAZ there, after which the replacement of personnel for YerAZ workers began with the achievement of YerAZ quality. The plant naturally died, despite the city's money being pumped into it. At its site, the Renault factory operates, with its bodywork (Logans were assembled there), it works at half power.
        ZIL was uncompetitive with KAMAZ and GAZ. The lineup is unsuccessful. Purchases of utility vehicles based on ZILs for Moscow provided orders for up to 1000 cars per year by the end of the zero, and this is nothing for ZIL.
        It is painful to see now, passing through the MCC, the remains of the disassembled shops and residential quarters in their place ....
        1. +2
          12 November 2019 11: 06
          Quote: Potter
          It is painful to see now, passing through the MCC, the remains of the disassembled shops and residential quarters in their place ....

          And here is the grave digger of the ZIL plant.

          Doesn’t resemble anything? ZIL-170, then ZIL-5320.
          https://www.drive2.ru/b/502760214089433706/
          https://zen.yandex.ru/media/tehnikacccp/zil-170-praroditel-marki-kamaz-5bfd936b2524ba00aa561382
      2. -1
        18 November 2019 12: 26
        No, just a car factory in the city center is not good, and ZIL itself already in the 80 did not have new competitive models, since its development became KAMAZ. But look further for conspiracies.
  19. +1
    11 November 2019 22: 28
    I recalled the service in Kazakhstan. 131 was the best on packed steppe roads. Three cars, 131, 66 and 4320 were taken to the guard. They always waited for 131 and cursed everything in the world when they served 66 or the Urals. It beat off in those insides, and Zil walked softly like a car
  20. +2
    11 November 2019 22: 36
    Quote: Petrol cutter
    Somehow, I had not previously underestimated this test machine. But then, I realized how wrong I was. And just even * imbued *. Taki car industry from ZIL is my unbearable love. 130 ZIL! - I dreamed of riding it. For me, a beautiful car. Now I come across somewhere — I can’t take my eyes off. The great sadness is that the plant was taken away. Until recently, there was a hope that they would come to their senses.

    I agree completely. Cool was the truck. On the straight line 130 was not inferior to the 21st Volga. The witness himself. Of course I'm talking about on-board with the eight. The sound of the engine can not be confused with anything. 130! Too bad the brand was killed.
  21. +4
    11 November 2019 22: 45
    For two years he worked with ZiLs in the GSVG. There were 157 and 157K. The first - without synchronizers in the gearboxes, it was necessary to switch to adapt. And there was one 131-th - BGM (soil drilling machine). In the cockpit after 157-th - as in a passenger car, and went smoothly. But in the terrain (lowland of the Oder), the 157, with the bridge locking turned on, was beyond any criticism.
    1. 0
      13 November 2019 05: 51
      But according to the terrain (the Oder lowland), the 157th with the locking of the bridges turned on was beyond all criticism.

      Yes sir. Weak 131st off-road in comparison with the 157th.
  22. +2
    12 November 2019 00: 17
    For me, the 131st is still handsome) I love him from the army, if I had extra money, I would immediately buy Parm, at its base.
  23. +4
    12 November 2019 14: 34
    I learned to ride this one. After him, the Urals and the 66th are not so convenient. The Urals were somehow oak in all details, from seats to doors that need to be closed only with a fair amount of aggression ... the 66th car is just a smaller caliber, and with long driving in the cab all ergonomics will come out sideways.
    And the 131st became the main mass car - many messengers (the Zarevo complex, high and medium power radio stations, radio relays), repair and technical (MTO-AT, PARM), all kinds of radio intelligence, encryption, power supply, headquarters "butterflies", chemical, and many more special cars were 60-70 percent on this base.
    Again, the compressor was always with you (the braking system was air, so the working engine always produced compressed air), connect the pulverizer and paint!
  24. +1
    13 November 2019 05: 40
    For a military vehicle, cross-country ability is one of the main factors. So, produced before the 131st ZIL-157 is much better in cross-country ability. During the years of military service, he personally was repeatedly convinced of this.
    It was in October in the Vologda region. Somehow they returned from the exercises as part of the column of the communication center. And the day before it rained heavily. Near the potato field, a local collective farmer came out to the column and asked for help. A KamAZ dump truck (with extended sides) full of potatoes stuck on the field. Sat on the bridges. Neither the 131st nor the Urals could pull out. Pulled out KamAZ Zil-157. And quite easily. Although the heaviest KUNG is full of equipment.
  25. 0
    14 November 2019 06: 38
    The 131st himself liked his comfortable, spacious, comfortable cabin. The 130th was a successful car for its time, and this is its version adapted for off-road driving. Here the problems begin ... The Urals, with a clearly more uncomfortable cabin, were initially created as an all-terrain vehicle and, moreover, the army and in patency were clearly better than the 131st. I don’t know if there were versions with locks on the 131st, but on the civilian they worked on the construction of power lines and there was clearly a gradation of 131 then KamAZ and the best Ural was 4320, which had everything and was clear leader in cross-country ability. The 157th ... well, this is the last century in comfort ... The cabin there is amno, it was dviglo amno ... maybe passable, but the last century. Those that we had in the army were not tested off-road, but in terms of comfort and generally with the 131st are not competitors.
  26. 0
    15 November 2019 19: 36
    - smile Nice car! We were taught to drive this ... The hydraulic booster is not bad, and the grip is light, you cannot compare it with the Ural ... Gasoline engine - in winter there are no problems with fuel and starting, and in summer - just turn it off for a couple of minutes, and fuel vapors squeeze out gasoline cameras back into the pipeline. I had to carry water and a rag with me, put a wet rag on the carburetor and wait ... if it's dry, start the backwater. Well, the engine is gluttonous ... the problem was solved by installing a GAZ carburetor ... The car lost in throttle response, but it "saved"! Well, the handbrake on the transmission - it's just a problem ... God forbid you ripped it off - you will be tortured to repair it ... The cabin is bare iron ... in winter the ice has already frozen on the rear wall. And one ZIL was with a pneumatic drive of the windshield wipers ... Hissing in the cab was almost louder than the engine! Mine had four punctured wheels out of six - pumping helped out ... laughing Each time, when I forgot to look at the manometer indicators, the pressure went off the scale, and the air was poisoned through the valve with a wild howl - who did not know, jumped out of the car on the move ... And! Ltd! Double clutch release ...
  27. 0
    16 November 2019 06: 18
    Good car, nothing ZIL collapsed.
  28. 0
    17 November 2019 15: 08
    Quote: mmaxx
    Yes .. in the army, okay with gasoline, but in civilian ..... it was even impossible to calculate how much he ate.

    In the USSR, gasoline was cheap. Like now in Saudi Arabia. The Secretary Generals of the Central Committee of the CPSU did not have billionaire friends. They lived on a salary.
  29. 0
    11 December 2019 10: 47
    Wow what handsome. Thanks to the author for an interesting article.
  30. 0
    5 January 2020 06: 05
    In our part, all the tractors for missiles of the CHP 75 complex were 131E, an excellent machine, second only to the Urals

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