Let's talk about science: modernity and prospects of superconductivity physics
In the section “Talk about science” it is proposed to discuss the topic of development of domestic science in such an area as superconductivity physics.
For reference: superconductivity is the property of individual materials to reduce their own electrical resistance to zero when the critical temperature is reached. For each of the materials, this temperature is different. At the dawn of the study of superconductivity of this kind, the property was defined as the ability of materials to reduce resistance to minimum parameters when ultra-low temperatures are reached - to boundaries close to absolute zero.
Today's studies often relate to obtaining the superconducting qualities of a particular material at higher temperatures. It's about the so-called high-temperature superconductors. These are materials capable of transitioning to the superconducting state at parametric temperatures of the order of 30 K. Superconducting materials of the second kind are called those that switch to superconductivity at a temperature above that which corresponds to boiling nitrogen (77 K, or about -196 Celsius). In the usual sense, it is extremely difficult to call such temperatures high, but for physicists this is a breakthrough in the study of superconductors, since we are talking about completely achievable temperature indicators.
The prospects for using high-temperature superconductors are huge. It is believed that the first commercial (truly operational) power transmission line (LEP) on superconductors was launched in 2008 in the United States. They are working on the creation of multi-kilometer power transmission systems on superconductors in South Korea, Japan and other countries. Losses in such power lines are reduced to zero, which leads to more than significant savings in the transmission of electricity over long distances. But the main problem is that temperature. To cool the material to the aforementioned boiling point of nitrogen, it is necessary to spend much more energy than to compensate for power transmission losses in the traditional sense.
But work is ongoing.
In our country, significant attention is paid to the study of superconductivity. At the 13 of November in the SIC “Kurchatov Institute” a scientific seminar is scheduled that will touch upon the study of superconductivity. The seminar will be supervised by V.S. Kruglov.
One of the areas that is planned to be discussed at a seminar at the Kurchatov Institute is related to the recently made most important discovery of iron-containing superconductors. These materials significantly expanded the possibilities for applied research on the phenomenon of superconductivity. One of the most promising compounds in this regard is FeSe (iron (II) selenide) or beta-FeSe. From this connection, long wires are created using the adapted technology of using triniobium stannide (Nb3Sn).
At the Kurchatov Institute, it is planned to discuss such a direction as the study of the current-carrying capacity and stability of the material to magnetic flux shocks.
Prospects for the use of high-temperature superconductors are associated not only with power lines. We are talking about the development of transport, turbines, radar stations, communication systems, optical electronics and much more.
The task of almost any laboratory dealing with superconductors is connected with the search for materials and conditions that would ensure superconductivity at temperatures as close as possible to “normal conditions”.
The fact that Russian scientists pay increased attention to the problems of studying superconductivity sets up an optimistic mood in terms of the development of domestic technologies in this area.
Yttrium-based superconducting products
For reference: superconductivity is the property of individual materials to reduce their own electrical resistance to zero when the critical temperature is reached. For each of the materials, this temperature is different. At the dawn of the study of superconductivity of this kind, the property was defined as the ability of materials to reduce resistance to minimum parameters when ultra-low temperatures are reached - to boundaries close to absolute zero.
Today's studies often relate to obtaining the superconducting qualities of a particular material at higher temperatures. It's about the so-called high-temperature superconductors. These are materials capable of transitioning to the superconducting state at parametric temperatures of the order of 30 K. Superconducting materials of the second kind are called those that switch to superconductivity at a temperature above that which corresponds to boiling nitrogen (77 K, or about -196 Celsius). In the usual sense, it is extremely difficult to call such temperatures high, but for physicists this is a breakthrough in the study of superconductors, since we are talking about completely achievable temperature indicators.
The prospects for using high-temperature superconductors are huge. It is believed that the first commercial (truly operational) power transmission line (LEP) on superconductors was launched in 2008 in the United States. They are working on the creation of multi-kilometer power transmission systems on superconductors in South Korea, Japan and other countries. Losses in such power lines are reduced to zero, which leads to more than significant savings in the transmission of electricity over long distances. But the main problem is that temperature. To cool the material to the aforementioned boiling point of nitrogen, it is necessary to spend much more energy than to compensate for power transmission losses in the traditional sense.
But work is ongoing.
In our country, significant attention is paid to the study of superconductivity. At the 13 of November in the SIC “Kurchatov Institute” a scientific seminar is scheduled that will touch upon the study of superconductivity. The seminar will be supervised by V.S. Kruglov.
One of the areas that is planned to be discussed at a seminar at the Kurchatov Institute is related to the recently made most important discovery of iron-containing superconductors. These materials significantly expanded the possibilities for applied research on the phenomenon of superconductivity. One of the most promising compounds in this regard is FeSe (iron (II) selenide) or beta-FeSe. From this connection, long wires are created using the adapted technology of using triniobium stannide (Nb3Sn).
At the Kurchatov Institute, it is planned to discuss such a direction as the study of the current-carrying capacity and stability of the material to magnetic flux shocks.
Prospects for the use of high-temperature superconductors are associated not only with power lines. We are talking about the development of transport, turbines, radar stations, communication systems, optical electronics and much more.
The task of almost any laboratory dealing with superconductors is connected with the search for materials and conditions that would ensure superconductivity at temperatures as close as possible to “normal conditions”.
The fact that Russian scientists pay increased attention to the problems of studying superconductivity sets up an optimistic mood in terms of the development of domestic technologies in this area.
M.V. Sadovsky. High-temperature superconductivity in the FeSe monolayer: why is Tc so high?
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