Modern State and Social Justice

107
What is effective power? Political scientists, journalists, philosophers, politicians themselves argue about this. According to the representative of society, the government should be such that it is a superclass body that would deal exclusively with what worked for the good of society. But the opinion of a representative of society can be broken on reality. And the reality is that power in almost any state, and the state as such, today is a subject that cares first of all about itself, about the “imperious organism” itself, about the elites and only then about society and its well-being.

Modern State and Social Justice




The latter fact may seem somewhat blasphemous, but it is provable. First, in the world today it is difficult to recall a country in which power elites would live on average at the same economic level as the average citizen. Secondly, from lessons stories it is known that initially the state was understood as the apparatus of oppression of society with the aim of achieving political and economic interests.

If the capitalist model does not oppress, it definitely exploits society, trying to achieve profit. And this profit, unfortunately, does not always go to compensate society for its contribution to the welfare of the state. With this approach, one does not have to wait for social justice.

Reflections on the state, on the “big capitalist dream”, on the myths of the consumer society are presented in the video on the Day TV channel, in the studio of which the blogger Remy Meisner is invited as a guest and expert.

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    1. +13
      26 October 2019 09: 06
      If the capitalist model does not oppress, it definitely exploits society, trying to achieve profit.

      This model will destroy Russia .. and society is not oppressed, but put on the brink of extermination.
      1. -2
        26 October 2019 09: 18
        This model will destroy Russia ..


        And it doesn’t work for us. But you need to understand that we and you do not have normal capitalism, but neo-feudalism. Second, modern neoliberal capitalism does not work well either. Last week, CEOs of Amazon, American Airlines, JP Morgan and another 200 American company also said that capitalism is not working. But this is not stupid people.

        But socialism failed miserably and works only in Scandinavia. As a result, we have nothing. We must come up with a new model of society.
        1. +17
          26 October 2019 09: 20
          Quote: Keyser Soze
          But socialism failed miserably and works only in Scandinavia. As a result, we have nothing. We must come up with a new model of society.

          Socialism is the only correct model that has proved its worth ... We must take into account past mistakes and go!
          1. -14
            26 October 2019 12: 16
            Excuse me, maybe it proved complete failure? What in the absence of serious external confusion scattered like a house of cards, despite the victims of the previous generation working as slaves for a bright future?
            1. kin
              +1
              27 October 2019 17: 45
              Quote: Squelcher
              That in the absence of serious external confusion ...

              And what kind of external intervention does socialism need? What do you mean?
              But how do they work under capitalism? Or is there already a bright future?
              1. -2
                27 October 2019 23: 30
                Capitalism is not a socially fair system, but at least once you tried to explain it to a foreigner.
                The requirement to give milk to workers for the harmful effects of production? To his naive question, what do you not feed the workers or milk is limited in the dining room?
                And you probably wrote your post from a Soviet computer on an interesting server, even a Russian one?
        2. +15
          26 October 2019 09: 41
          Quote: Keyser Soze
          We must come up with a new model of society.

          This model has long been invented by the "Manifesto of the Communist Party" K. Marx and F. Engels, and implemented by V. Lenin and J. Stalin. , any other model based on private property is not suitable and it is stillborn. An example and we had the NEP.
          1. -7
            26 October 2019 10: 07
            This model has long been invented by the "Communist Manifesto"


            Well, you will not find so many supporters with the Manifesto. Better sit down and write another ... wink
            1. +9
              26 October 2019 10: 25
              Quote: Keyser Soze
              Better sit down and write another ..

              Better than Marx, Engels and Lenin, no one will succeed, do not even try, and do not force others.
              1. +7
                26 October 2019 11: 37
                In early March 1953, Stalin called a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee D.I. Chesnokov -----
                ...... We can confuse something in the household, but one way or another we will correct the situation. If we confuse in theory, we will ruin the whole thing. Without theory, we die, death!
                These were the last lifetime words of Stalin.
                Stroke soon
                Quote: tihonmarine
                Quote: Keyser Soze
                Better sit down and write another ..

                Better than Marx, Engels and Lenin, no one will succeed, do not even try, and do not force others.
                1. +3
                  26 October 2019 13: 41
                  Quote: Reptiloid
                  Stroke soon

                  Who helped him, we also know.
                2. +2
                  26 October 2019 19: 49
                  Quote: Reptiloid
                  If we mess up in theory, we ruin the whole thing.
                  Marxist methodology required the constant development of theory (negation of negation). Stalin understood that his aspirations to build a state with a socialist economy were in clear contradiction not only with the Marxist theory of the communist revolution as a global one, which should begin in states with the most developed capitalist economy, but also with Lenin's criticism (denial) of it in his thesis about the beginning revolution (again global) in the weakest link in the chain of world imperialism, that is, in Russia. Stalin, with all his understanding of the importance of theory, needed to solve practical problems, and not work in the silence of European libraries. The creation of the socialist camp was accomplished thanks to the victory over German fascism and did not at all resemble either the world fire described by Marx or the start of the world revolution in a weak link along Lenin. The country was heading for some course, but without a lot. This bothered him, but they did not give the congress the release of Stalin from the obligation to lead the country in order to prescribe in theory how to build communism. Refused the request. And so they built society into nowhere: peaceful coexistence did not work for the world revolution.
                  1. +1
                    27 October 2019 01: 04
                    When Stalin, while Lenin was still alive, entered the leadership, he spoke of himself as a practice. And his positions were precisely “practical”. ”The theory and disputes about it (theory) were occupied by others ---- Trotsky, Kamenev, Bakunin (??) ......
                    So he pushed them in .....
                    1. +2
                      27 October 2019 08: 40
                      Quote: Reptiloid
                      So he pushed them
                      He didn’t push, but openly argued in the press and attracted a party activist to his side. And the characters you mentioned in your political struggle went beyond the limits of the party discussion, Stalin also went out. In addition, he was not a stranger to theory: he took up questions not only of Leninism, but also of linguistics, etc.
                      1. 0
                        27 October 2019 08: 52
                        What do you mean "" pushed "", in my understanding? While they were arguing about the theory, proclaiming himself theorists, he was engaged in the practical management of the state and in the localities there were people, his protégés! It is necessary once again, about all this, with my last names not very much! The topic for me is as new as it is interesting. There was also about the faction.
                        1. +1
                          27 October 2019 09: 18
                          Quote: Reptiloid
                          in the places people turned out, his proteges
                          Trotsky had no less on the ground, but this is understandable: he had the authority since 17 to appoint others to the field. Stalin did not have such before the age of 33, because the secretaries of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks were elected, and he asked for his resignation in 1922.
                        2. +1
                          27 October 2019 09: 26
                          Quote: sniperino
                          Quote: Reptiloid
                          in the places people turned out, his proteges
                          Trotsky had no less on the ground, but this is understandable: he had the authority since 17 to appoint others to the field. Stalin did not have such before the age of 33, because the secretaries of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks were elected, and he asked for his resignation in 1922.

                          If this were the way you write, then the picture would be different.
                          And ---- in the year 27 Trotsky would not have had a failed attempt to arrange ---- he would have been a dictator anyway.
                          And by the way, how could I find out about another failed attempt, Trotsky, already at 37m?
                        3. +1
                          30 October 2019 14: 30
                          Quote: Reptiloid
                          If this were the way you write, then the picture would be different.
                          See the biography. Starting with the Military Revolutionary Committee, which Trotsky formed to conduct an armed uprising in Petrograd, and then he headed the executive committees, having the authority of the leader: to appoint and dismiss. Among his appointees, for example, Commander-in-Chief I.I. Vatsetis. Not weak? But in the CPSU (b) there was still an election. About 37 years nothing to say.
                  2. 0
                    27 October 2019 16: 01
                    Sniperino:
                    Stalin understood that his aspirations to build a state with a socialist economy were in clear contradiction ...


                    I do not quite agree, however, a systematic approach is a plus. One could put a dozen - would put without hesitation.
                    1. 0
                      27 October 2019 16: 39
                      Thank you!
                      Quote: OldMichael
                      Not quite agree
                      And can I clarify with what and why?
                      1. +1
                        27 October 2019 17: 24
                        Sniperino:
                        Marxist methodology required the constant development of theory (negation of negation)

                        I believe that any theory without development turns into a dogma.
                        And the negation of negation is not the only way of development.
                        Another part of my "Not quite agree“It concerns not so much your commentary as the general outline of the discussion. Somehow people very easily put Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin on the same level.
                        However, while Marx formulated his teachings on the basis of analysis and generalization, Engels is more inclined to analyze particulars (perhaps this is why their joint product in the form of the Manifesto turned out to be a millennium bomb).
                        It is even more interesting with Lenin: at least four different Lenin are seen from his PSS. The dreamer theorist, the theorist-with-an-eye-on-the-practical-realization-of ideas, the agitator-propagandist, the theoretician-head-on-the-face-with-practice ... We can continue this series. Only the manager-organizer is not looming in this row. Yes, from V.I. and not required.
                        But Stalin was required. And basically he coped with it. And it is very unfortunate that he did not have a chance to engage in theory.
                        1. +1
                          27 October 2019 18: 05
                          Quote: OldMichael
                          I believe that any theory without development turns into a dogma.
                          It is clear, but, if I am not mistaken, it was Engels who first formulated the requirement to criticize the theory of Marxism in accordance with changing political conditions.
                          Quote: OldMichael
                          And the negation of negation is not the only way of development.
                          And I agree with that. He singled it out as central in scientific discourse to emphasize the need for criticism. I don’t remember that after Stalin, someone in the USSR publicly called any attempt to criticize Marx otherwise than "revisionism."
                        2. +1
                          27 October 2019 20: 33
                          To sniperino
                          Regarding Engels' ideas - EMNIP, there was a phrase about the unviability of any theory that did not pass the stage of critical rethinking (this is a very free presentation, now I am not ready to shovel the source. Yes, and it was written in private correspondence).
                          And on the second point - at the end of the catastrophe in St. Petersburg, the dissertation "On some mistakes in the economic doctrine of Marx" was born (again, without proofs and without one hundred percent accuracy of the name. There is a 10 MB HDD of the "bast" type and a nine-track two-kilometer reel Scotch with these materials , yes there is a problem with interfaces). So, it was very funny to read the criticism of this criticism (again EMNIP, more than 30 years have passed, but Mrs. Andreeva noted very emotionally).
                          PS Marx describes a production method (this is in the doctrine of socio-economic formations), which did not fall into Soviet textbooks.
                          PPS But how, when, why, and with whose filing did Marxism transform into Marxism-Leninism? From my youth, I seem to have found fairly simple answers. But now I’m not sure of their viability ...
                        3. +1
                          27 October 2019 20: 54
                          Quote: OldMichael
                          But how, when, why, and with whose supply did Marxism transform into Marxism-Leninism?
                          I don't know, but I admit that Stalin saw how Lenin shifted the center of gravity of the revolutionary struggle to Russia and placed him on a par with the classics precisely for the "weak link."
                        4. +1
                          27 October 2019 23: 05
                          Stalin saw Lenin transfer the center of gravity of the revolutionary struggle to Russia and put him on a par with the classics ...


                          I thought about something like that, but in those years, what did we know about Trotskyism? Where could one read Stalin? There was a “short course ...” in the library, but the putty was pretty good.

                          It is a sin, today these gaps can be filled - but everything is somehow lack of time. But from what I’ve read, I don’t remember that I.V. used the term "ML".
                        5. +1
                          28 October 2019 12: 23
                          Quote: OldMichael
                          I don’t remember that I.V. used the term "ML"
                          Graphic symbolism ML appeared no later than 1927.
                        6. +1
                          28 October 2019 23: 11
                          SW Sniperino!
                          Thanks for the extra food for thought!
                        7. 0
                          29 October 2019 18: 53
                          hi Back in 1926, the first collection "Questions of Leninism" was published, consisting of 10 articles by Stalin, which he wrote from 1924 to 1926. So it turns out that after Lenin's death, Stalin tried to comprehend his contribution to Marxism.
            2. +1
              28 October 2019 15: 43
              Quote: Keyser Soze
              Well, you will not find so many supporters with the Manifesto. Better sit down and write another.

              Well then, justice no longer makes sense. Live and do not resent.
          2. +2
            26 October 2019 10: 21
            Quote: tihonmarine
            This model has long been invented by the "Manifesto of the Communist Party" K. Marx and F. Engels, and implemented by V. Lenin and J. Stalin.

            Karl and Friedrech described capitalism. The CPSU, standing on an obscene platform, could not build anything other than capitalism in principle, and JV Stalin in 1952 in his work "Economic problems of socialism in the USSR" warned that Mrax's theory does not work under socialism. They didn't listen. We have what we have. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which still stands on obscurity, feels quite comfortable under capitalism ...

            In this work, JV Stalin openly opposed obscurity: “I think that our economists must put an end to this discrepancy between the old concepts and the new state of affairs in our socialist country, replacing the old concepts with new ones, corresponding to the new situation. discrepancy until a certain time, but now the time has come when we must finally eliminate this discrepancy. " Six months later he was gone ...
            1. +1
              26 October 2019 10: 25
              Karl and Friedrech described capitalism. The CPSU, standing on an obscene platform, could not build anything other than capitalism in principle, and JV Stalin in 1952 in his work "Economic problems of socialism in the USSR" warned that Mrax's theory does not work under socialism. They didn't listen. We have what we have.


              I did not know, but it seems very correct.
              1. +2
                26 October 2019 10: 27
                Quote: Keyser Soze
                I did not know, but it seems very correct.

                Another passage from the same work explaining what Comrade had in mind Stalin:

                “Moreover, I think it is necessary to discard some other concepts taken from Marx's Capital, where Marx analyzed capitalism, and artificially glued to our socialist relations. I mean, by the way, such concepts as“ necessary "and" surplus "labor," necessary "and" surplus "product," necessary "and" surplus "labor time. Marx analyzed capitalism in order to find out the source of exploitation of the working class, surplus value, and give the working class, deprived of the means of production , a spiritual weapon for the overthrow of capitalism.It is clear that Marx uses concepts (categories) that are fully consistent with capitalist relations. But it’s more than strange to use these concepts nowwhen the working class is not only not deprived of power and the means of production, but, on the contrary, holds power in its hands and owns the means of production. Now, under our system, the words about labor power as a commodity and about the "hiring" of workers sound quite absurd: as if the working class, which owns the means of production, hires itself and sells its labor power to itself. It is just as strange now to talk about "necessary" and "surplus" labor: as if the labor in our conditions, given to society for the expansion of production, the development of education, health care, the organization of defense, etc., is not so necessary for the working class , now in power, as well as the labor expended to cover the personal needs of the worker and his family. "
                1. +4
                  26 October 2019 10: 31
                  Another passage from the same work explaining what Comrade had in mind Stalin:


                  It seems that I noticed Comrade Stalin - it was necessary to read him more when he taught sociology. I limited myself to Marx and Smith. Anyway - for the first time I hear, but sounds good and smart.
                  1. 0
                    27 October 2019 10: 17
                    You’d better read it yourself, you will learn a lot of useful things about the modern structure of society. And Mr. Boris mercilessly perverted Stalin, attributing to him absolutely alien thoughts.
                    1. +2
                      27 October 2019 10: 54
                      Quote: DNS-a42
                      And Mr. Boris mercilessly perverted Stalin, attributing to him absolutely alien thoughts.

                      At first - not a gentleman.
                      Secondly, read the work of Comrade. Stalin's "Economic problems of socialism in the USSR": http://www.souz.info/library/stalin/ec_probl.htm
                      The quotes are from the second chapter "THE QUESTION OF COMMODITY PRODUCTION UNDER SOCIALISM".
                      1. +1
                        27 October 2019 10: 57
                        I read, and responsibly declare: you perverted Stalin, who remained a Marxist until the end of his life, with his vulgar interpretation.
                2. +2
                  27 October 2019 10: 54
                  Stalin writes that to stick these concepts, characteristic of the capitalist formation, to socialism is not the right approach. Everything, there is no denying of Marxism here.
                  1. 0
                    27 October 2019 10: 57
                    Quote: DNS-a42
                    there is no denying of Marxism here.

                    Marx Theory under socialism not wealthy!
                    1. +2
                      27 October 2019 11: 04
                      The law of conformity of production relations to the nature of productive forces is abolished under socialism? Oh well.
            2. +8
              26 October 2019 10: 28
              Quote: Boris55
              The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, still standing on Marxism, feels quite comfortable under capitalism ...

              And the entire management link is privately owned. These are no longer Marxists, they are only hiding behind Marxist theory, but in reality they are the same capitalists.
              1. +6
                26 October 2019 11: 41
                The Communist Party of the Russian Federation ---- is in the capitalist state, in the capitalist Parliament.
                Quote: tihonmarine
                Quote: Boris55
                The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, still standing on Marxism, feels quite comfortable under capitalism ...

                And the entire management link is privately owned. These are no longer Marxists, they are only hiding behind Marxist theory, but in reality they are the same capitalists.
              2. +2
                27 October 2019 10: 02
                Quote: tihonmarine
                hide behind Marxist theory, but in reality the same capitalists
                With the leader-latifundist, they would definitely introduce serfdom.
            3. +3
              27 October 2019 10: 49
              Marx and Engels were not limited to the description of capitalism. Marxism covers the entire period of the existence of classes (the theory of classes and the class struggle, the theory of the proletarian revolution and the transition to communist society).

              Stalin writes about something completely different, you either did not read it, or you intentionally distort it. He never opposed Marxism, but on the contrary (in the same work) criticized his associates for moving away from Marxist positions.

              Stalin writes there: I think that the comrades do not take into account the full significance of the Marxist textbook of political economy. The textbook is needed not only for our Soviet youth. It is especially needed for the Communists of all countries and for people sympathizing with the Communists. Our foreign comrades want to know how we broke out of capitalist bondage, how we transformed the country's economy in the spirit of socialism.

              The Communist Party of the Russian Federation does not at all stand on the positions of Marxism - it is a petty-bourgeois party. Ordinary Khrushchevites, who rush about with their "state of the whole people", "limit on revolution", etc. Not a word about the class struggle, not a single action to promote Marxism-Leninism.
          3. -1
            28 October 2019 15: 03
            Quote: tihonmarine
            This model has long been invented by the "Manifesto of the Communist Party" K. Marx and F. Engels, and implemented by V. Lenin and J. Stalin.

            laughing This is when Lenin and Stalin built communism? You do not carry nonsense.
        3. +12
          26 October 2019 09: 51
          Quote: Keyser Soze
          But socialism failed miserably and works only in Scandinavia. As a result, we have nothing. We must come up with a new model of society.

          The key difference between capitalism and communism lies in the highest value. Under capitalism, the highest value is money, and under communism, man. And what will be the highest value in the "new model of society"?

          This time. Secondly:


          Finally, socialism in our country did not fail - it was destroyed. Methodically, step by step, systematically striking at all fronts - the economy, ideology, family ...

          Brainstorm yourself and solve a speculative task.
          Given:
          All, absolutely all countries on the planet are socialist, and there is one, very large country of capitalism surrounded by the countries of socialism. In addition, three wars swept through this capitalist country over 30 years, the last of which claimed nearly 10% of the population and about 40% of the industrial and economic potential. In addition, the presidents of this country, one after the other, in increasing a) laid down their ideological weapons before socialism, b) dream of making friends with the countries of socialism.
          Question:
          How long can capitalism stay in such a country?
          1. 0
            26 October 2019 10: 05
            Finally, socialism in our country did not fail - it was destroyed.


            No dear, you can’t go back to the old - most people if they want socialism, it’s Scandinavian. Even in your country, and even more so with us. Like it or not, you need a new socialism :) A new ideology. People are already different, thinking has changed. If it worked so simply - hop, they returned socialism and everything is fine. Hop-returned to Stalin and everything in its place. This doesn't work like that.
            1. +9
              26 October 2019 10: 15
              Quote: Keyser Soze
              Finally, socialism in our country did not fail - it was destroyed.


              No dear, you can’t go back to the old - most people if they want socialism, it’s Scandinavian. Even in your country, and even more so with us. Like it or not, you need a new socialism :) A new ideology. People are already different, thinking has changed. If it worked so simply - hop, they returned socialism and everything is fine. Hop-returned to Stalin and everything in its place. This doesn't work like that.

              1. There is no Scandinavian socialism. There is Scandinavian capitalism.

              2. There would be no Scandinavian capitalism, if not for the fact of the existence of the USSR.

              3. All social buns of Scandinavian capitalism will gradually disappear. This is already happening all over the planet - somewhere faster, somewhere slower.

              4. People went to Soviet Russia no better. 90 +% were infected by bourgeois consciousness. They could.

              5. So yes, a new (well-forgotten old) ideology is needed like air. Because the ideology of mammon will kill both the country and the people.
              1. +1
                26 October 2019 10: 40
                There is no Scandinavian socialism.


                Alexander, he has very great family ties with socialism - sovereign ownership of important areas of the economy, sovereign wealth funds, strong sovereign regulation, enormous protection of workers, practically 100% coverage with quality health care, and education and school are the best in the world.

                If it looks like socialism, sounds like socialism and behaves like socialism, then it means socialism. wink

                All social buns of Scandinavian capitalism will gradually disappear. This is already happening all over the planet - somewhere faster, somewhere slower.


                I do not agree. The main pillar of today's neoliberal capitalism is the greed and non-interference of the state in the economy. Here it will disappear before drowning in a swamp. And UTB is already aware around the world and around the world people are rebelling. The buns have not disappeared, everything is going well, but people are already rebelling.

                People went to Soviet Russia no better. 90 +% were infected by bourgeois consciousness. They could.


                I agree. Now let's focus on the price - how many were shot. So everyone can - shoot a few million and it will work.

                The second - well, they could. So what? bully

                So yes, a new (well-forgotten old) ideology is needed like air.


                Not old, not old .... well, lean on whoever you want — on Stalin, on Marx, on Adam Smith, but the old will not work.

                I watched a young communist on YouTube, it seems - Vladislav Zhukovsky, he thinks very well and does not refer to the past. We must look forward. New ... aah, new wine, they don’t put in old barrels ... laughing
                1. +7
                  26 October 2019 11: 24
                  Quote: Keyser Soze
                  Alexander, he has very great family ties with socialism - sovereign ownership of important areas of the economy, sovereign wealth funds, strong sovereign regulation, enormous protection of workers, practically 100% coverage with quality health care, and education and school are the best in the world.

                  If it looks like socialism, sounds like socialism and behaves like socialism, then it means socialism.

                  Shake off bourgeois noodles from your ears and engage in self-education. First of all, deal with the main thing - how socialism differs from capitalism.
                  As for the Scandinavian countries, all their social buns were torn out by the proletariat from capital with meat. And this would hardly have been possible if the socialist system and its stronghold of the USSR had not been.
                  To dispel harmful turbidity in your head, start an education on the topic at least from this:
                  https://politsturm.com/skandinavskaya-model/

                  Quote: Keyser Soze
                  I agree. Now let's focus on the price - how many were shot. So everyone can - shoot a few million and it will work.

                  No more than in any comparable country. Only there, the goal was the profit of some, and here, the well-being of everyone. Well, and those who end up exploiting their own kind, really ended badly. Sorry not all.

                  Quote: Keyser Soze
                  We must look forward. New ... aah, new wine, they don’t put in old barrels ...

                  What a fresh thought!

                  What do you mean by an old barrel? Probably the Fordson Putilovets tractor.

                  But do you generally know that the most adapted country for the transition to the socialist formation is the United States, and indeed all the countries most developed in the industrial sense?
                2. +1
                  27 October 2019 10: 15
                  Quote: Keyser Soze
                  the old will not pass
                  Watching for what. It will not work to build a new society, but if it is a question of crawling into the Duma on protest moods, or in some other bread position, then just right.
              2. +4
                26 October 2019 11: 48
                3. all social buns ..... gradually disappear .... Alexander, I won’t tell you about the whole of Scandinavia, but in Holland ((friends often travel)) and in Finland, long-standing trips, which are very close, became very complicated and complicated, well, 7 years, that's for sure ....
                1. +7
                  26 October 2019 12: 20
                  Quote: Reptiloid
                  3. all social buns ..... will gradually disappear .... Alexander, I won’t say anything about the whole of Scandinavia, but in the Netherlands ((friends often travel)) and in Finland, long-standing trips that are very close are very complicated and complicated, well, years7, that's for sure ....

                  I’ll say worse - not 7 years, but starting in the late 80s and early 90s. Those. 30 years.

                  As the “communist threat” receded (that is, the influence of the socialist countries declined due to the revisionist bias), the Scandinavian bourgeoisie began to go on the counterattack. Most clearly this process can be traced on the example of the "standard" of "Scandinavian socialism" - Sweden.

                  In 1980, for the first time in many years, the Swedish bourgeoisie attempted a massive lockout after the trade union centers refused the 2,3% increase in wages proposed by the government. Unions demanding an increase of 11% responded with no less than massive strikes involving over 100 people (a quarter of Sweden’s workforce at that time), forcing the Confederation of Employers and the government to make concessions, raising wages by 7%. But that was only the beginning.

                  Already in the mid-80s, the Social Democrats themselves began the process of "system change" - a slow rollback from the concept of a "welfare state", accompanied by a rejection of state regulation of the economy and mass privatization. The deregulation of the financial sector has led to monstrous speculation, capital outflows and government loans to insolvent banks. Investments in the healthcare system were reduced. In 1991, the Social Democrats, together with the liberals, carried out a tax reform, burying the remnants of the former system of progressive taxation, while simultaneously increasing a number of indirect taxes.

                  In September 1991, the Social Democrats naturally lost the election, losing power to the conservatives. It is curious that all the main anti-crisis measures taken by the conservatives in 1991-94 were actively supported by the Social Democrats who were in opposition. The economic collapse of 1992 led to the abandonment of a fixed exchange rate for the crown and devaluation. The government spent more than 4% of GDP to save private banks. The market has completely taken over the reins of government.

                  Swedish workers, crazy about the economic turmoil, again voted for the Social Democrats in 1994, hoping for their saving help. But the unforeseen happened to the proletariat - under the new conditions, reformists showed their true guts to bourgeois lackeys: unemployment benefits were reduced (from 90% of earnings in 1993 to 75% in 1994), benefits for children, it was difficult to receive housing benefits, and so on. .d. The number of civil servants has been reduced (and is still being reduced) (from 400 in 000 to 1997 in 200).

                  In 1996, private competition was allowed in the electric power industry, which led to an increase in tariffs. Education, medicine, caring for children and the elderly gradually moved to the rails of private enterprise, while at the same time relegating state institutions to a very low level. The so-called “free medicine”, which is supported by high taxation, in the era of the Social Democrats demanded that citizens pay fees for visiting a doctor, hospitalization fees, drugs that are not covered by state quotas, etc., and a visit to a dentist turned a luxury that a significant number of Swedes cannot take advantage of.

                  And those hurt by the liberal-bourgeois bag are still singing the mantra about the myth of "Scandinavian socialism".
                  1. +3
                    26 October 2019 13: 13
                    Thank you very much for the detailed answer and facts unknown to me before .....
                    You see, Alexander, the 80-90s --- it’s boundless for me what it was like ... although I still couldn’t own the information lol request ..And here is what I heard in Finland from old Finnish acquaintances, or others from found by Dutch relatives ---- it's about 7 years hi
                    The first thing that I recall about the complaints of the Russian-speaking (and former compatriots)) Finns is ---- it is almost impossible to get to the doctor a specialist in the policy, and paid ---- very expensive. It’s cheaper to come to St. Petersburg, to go for a fee and still bring that to yourself.
            2. +1
              26 October 2019 11: 28
              Scandinavian socialism is to take from a person 70% of his income in the form of taxes, then return 50% in the form of subsidies "from the state." So-so socialism.
            3. +1
              26 October 2019 19: 53
              Quote: Keyser Soze
              No dear, you can’t go back to the old - most people if they want socialism, it’s Scandinavian.

              to have Scandinavian socialism you have to be a Scandinavian.
          2. +5
            26 October 2019 10: 30
            Quote: McAr
            Finally, socialism in our country did not fail - it was destroyed.

            Betrayed, destroyed and sold - it will be more true, but slowly and for a long time since 1953 of the year we were prepared for this.
            1. +7
              26 October 2019 10: 42
              Quote: tihonmarine
              Quote: McAr
              Finally, socialism in our country did not fail - it was destroyed.

              Betrayed, destroyed and sold - it will be more true, but slowly and for a long time since 1953 of the year we were prepared for this.

              This is what I said. You are more detailed. )))

              In fact, the counter-revolution has acted from the first day, the hour of Soviet power. Sometimes more active, sometimes more passive. But always, non-stop. It could not have been otherwise surrounded by capital countries - enemies have always had enough, both external and internal. But socialism won confidently. The turning point began with Khrushchev. Under the guise of a struggle against Stalin, a struggle began with the socialist. So for three decades, quiet glanders and destroyed the country. The 90s is only the culmination of this performance.
              1. +3
                26 October 2019 12: 03
                The turning point began with Khrushchev .... That's right, Alexander! After the Khrushchev’s report on the debunking of the cult of personality, his singers began to speak and write about the fallacy of Stalin’s words about the intensification of the class struggle as socialism developed.
                Stalin, long before the Second World War, said that the class struggle would intensify.
                What was right.
                The bourgeois, capitalist class did not listen, did not read corn inventions, but intensified the struggle against socialism in various ways
              2. +3
                26 October 2019 13: 32
                Quote: McAr
                In fact, the counter-revolution has acted from the first day, the hour of Soviet power. Sometimes more active, sometimes more passive. But always, non-stop.

                This is accurate and without additions or changes. But I can add, when the Manifesto of Marx-Engels came out in 1848, the entire pro-Marxist world began to shout what they would do to capitalism. But there were no fools sitting there, and even then they were developing plans for how they would fight it, but they were smarter and nowhere did they say how they would fight. And when the revolution broke out in Austria-Hungary and in France, they already actually checked, and when the revolution (Kerensky) took place in Russia, it went according to their plan, and when the Bolsheviks came, it was already difficult for them, under Stalin they could not, and after We have already seen Stalin with our own eyes. "They didn't understand how the" chickens were plucked ".
          3. 0
            26 October 2019 14: 44
            I also think so that only human socialism and a complete rejection of monetary policy will save our land ...
            1. 0
              26 October 2019 15: 03
              Quote: Muddy-Seeing ORACLE
              I also think so that only human socialism and a complete rejection of monetary policy will save our land ...

              So you need to unite on this platform! )))

              Confused here is this "human". What's this, how?
              1. 0
                7 December 2019 17: 49
                "Human" is Socialism Without repression and excesses, but a normal human attitude towards oneself and others ..
                1. +2
                  7 December 2019 18: 58
                  Quote: Muddy-Seeing ORACLE
                  "Human" is Socialism Without repression and excesses

                  For understanding. Repression is a function of the state, it is a given. The state is a suppression machine. It cannot be otherwise. This will not happen in communism, since the very role of the state will come to naught.

                  Well, remember the 30s. Someone burned the barn, poisoned the horses and condemned the whole village to a hungry existence. But the state sits like that - it doesn’t even react. Well, like socialism without repression, the scent of lilies of the valley exudes. Well, what will the inhabitants of this village say about such a state? Will he need it?

                  We’ll fantasize. Socialism has come, say, since Monday. And what - there will be no opponents of the new system? Yes, they can be seen in batches on TV every day! And what do you have to do with them when they begin to spoil the word and deed. We are building a bright future, and they are putting the steps. What - do you need to translate them for enhanced nutrition?

                  Doesn't the RF today repress the people? And all - not by "merit", but indiscriminately. Pension genocide, inflation, etc.
                  1. 0
                    10 December 2019 11: 35
                    Of course, I understand your concern about the opponents of any political system, but this is the human essence, the more you give benefits to people, the more they need. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fundamentally different organized social system "approach" and completely abandon the "political" stage of human development as an ineffective component of it, and inhibiting the development of all mankind ...
                    1. +2
                      10 December 2019 12: 00
                      Quote: Muddy-Seeing ORACLE
                      Of course, I understand your concern about the opponents of any political system, but this is the human essence, the more you give benefits to people, the more they need. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fundamentally different organized social system "approach" and completely abandon the "political" stage of human development as an ineffective component of it, and inhibiting the development of all mankind ...

                      Not certainly in that way.

                      It depends on what kind of political system, in the interests of what class it is.
                      If the political system is in the interests of a handful, i.e. maximum 10%, then any normal person should be an opponent of such a political system. And vice versa.

                      Any "development of a fundamentally different social system" is a deception. Or self-deception. You can pull a sheep's skin over a wolf, but it won't love a carrot. Outwardly, it’s not a wolf, but the essence remained wolfish.

                      As I understand it, repression is the essence of repression that you don’t like. Right?
                      Good. For example, take traffic rules. what IN YOUR need to do with traffic violations? To suppress or not suppress their natural desires to go as they want?
                      1. 0
                        12 December 2019 02: 05
                        Yes, I think that
                        Quote: McAr
                        As I understand it, repression is the essence of repression that you don’t like.
                        No one will like it ... And about violations of traffic rules and other rules of civil or moral behavior there. But then there is pure Philosophy ... "The rights of one person end where the rights of another begin and to turnover, etc., etc."

                        In general, my philosophy is as follows. Politics as an essence has outlived itself, as for a modern person "ordinary", there is a gap between his own needs and the political whims and restrictions of his state, and he does not care much about "politicians by themselves, and citizens by themselves." But a balanced chain of service services , self-development, access to technologies for the progress of the modern world in various fields, there is culture, medicine, technology; Absence of borders between states, for travel, and work ... This is what a modern person needs ...

                        It’s just that mankind is not yet ready to step forward to this level of development, since the political space surrounding us and monetary and economic slavery hinder our progress ... .... ....
        4. +5
          26 October 2019 10: 30
          Socialism ... only works in Scandinavia.
          I don’t know for all of Scandinavia ...
          But I can say the following for Norway. Norwegians, like us, receive a large part of the budget from the sale of hydrocarbons. But the proceeds from the sale go to pensions, scholarships, etc. And "effective managers" receive several times (3, 4 and even 5 times) more than the average earnings in Norway ...
          For comparison, in Russia the average earnings are about 40 thousand rubles. , and salary, for example, Sechin - more than 6 million rubles., Miller - more than 4 million ... And so on.
          In Norway, at times, and we have hundreds of times.
          Maybe this is because
          deputies there receive one and a half times (!!!) more than the average salary in the country ... And in the Russian Federation, a deputy receives more than nine times the average salary. (And do not forget that we also have "privileges" for the people's representatives (ie free of charge, at the expense of the treasury) ... we pay them for personal transport, travel, housing, medical care, etc.).
        5. +1
          26 October 2019 12: 44
          Quote: Keyser Soze
          But socialism failed miserably and works only in Scandinavia.

          Is it "socialism" in Scandinavia? And "capitalism doesn't work"? belay And on what "fuel" then did these 200 companies develop their capital? Yes, you, my friend, are a lover of "compote"! By the way, such "compoters" often join the ranks of anarchists ...
      2. +5
        26 October 2019 09: 30
        Quote: Svarog
        This model will destroy Russia .. and society is not oppressed, but put on the brink of extermination.

        And I will add to the words of Vladimir
        And this profit, unfortunately, does not always go to compensate society for its contribution to the welfare of the state. With this approach, you do not have to wait for social justice
        We must all understand that in a state in which "Public property" is replaced by "Private property" it can no longer be fair, where the means of production are in the hands of the capitalist, who needs only profit, not the welfare of the people, where the worker sells his labor ... This we all went through the founders of Marxism. When the democrats in the late 80s, early 90s sang in our ears what a wonderful life would be, when I came to Moscow, the posters of "DemRussia" "Russia YES, there is NO Union!" Were everywhere. There are crowds of joyful, laughing people in the streets. And I came from Estonia, which I first betrayed and handed over to BNE, where on August 19 the State Emergency Committee, and on August 20 woke up in a foreign state and experienced all the delights of a capitalist society, and I wanted to yell at all of Moscow, "People, wake up, you will have how we have !". But people were euphoric, Western life was dearer to them than the country. And now we need to get used to what we received.
        1. -1
          26 October 2019 09: 33
          Quote: tihonmarine
          And now you need to get used to what we got.

          Why get used to the bad? And how can one get used to not justice? In general, I agree with your comment, but against the last line, I think, we should strive and campaign for socialism ..
          1. +4
            26 October 2019 09: 35
            Quote: Svarog
            In general, I agree with your comment, but against the last line, I think, we should strive and campaign for socialism ..

            I also agree with you here, maybe the people will wake up.
            1. 0
              26 October 2019 09: 41
              tihonmarine (Vlad)
              It seems that the people fell into a lethargic dream.
              1. -4
                26 October 2019 16: 18
                It seems that the people fell into a lethargic dream.

                In front of the zombie. And there they just said that these

                not snickering, but swelling with hunger. And so we all need to help them.
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        2. +1
          26 October 2019 13: 09
          Let me correct my comrade a little: it is not "the worker who sells his labor power," but "the worker sells his opportunity to work" ...
          1. +2
            26 October 2019 13: 57
            Quote: TAMBU
            not "the worker sells his labor power," but "the worker sells his opportunity to work."

            I wrote on the founder of Marx-Engels, I'm sorry you correct them, not me.
      3. +6
        26 October 2019 09: 31
        Quote: Svarog
        If the capitalist model does not oppress, it definitely exploits society, trying to achieve profit.

        This model will destroy Russia .. and society is not oppressed, but put on the brink of extermination.

        The capitalist formation will destroy not only Russia, but the entire planet. And this is not fortune-telling, not prediction, not providence ... This is a science that was not so loved in the late USSR - political economy is called.
      4. +2
        26 October 2019 11: 00
        Quote: Svarog
        The capitalist model, if not oppressing, then definitely exploiting society

        There is doubt that the capitalist model depressing society?
        Then look at the degradation of culture, education, public institutions. The very social base of society is degrading.
        This is the most obvious sign of the oppression of society.
        This sign indicates that the resources of society are not directed to the development of society, but to the satisfaction of various hoteliers of oligarchs and bureaucrats. A typical parasitic model leading to the death of a parasite carrier.
      5. +1
        26 October 2019 11: 25
        The population of the USSR in 1990 is 148,3 million people. The number of the Russian Federation in 2019 is 146 793 744, it decreased for the first time in 10 years ((Rosstat January 23.01, 2019))
        this model will destroy Russia ..... Svarog
        1. -4
          26 October 2019 12: 23
          A long time ago, when, after the collapse of the USSR, I just began to get acquainted with the "capitalist countries" on trips and, by my naivety of that time, I admired their social achievements, one person (Swede) told me, "Life is a struggle ... we live so well how much we can ... knock it out, starting from our employer ... As soon as you forget this truth, you find yourself on the street, at best with a bowl of soup from the "red cross" ... if he ("red cross"), by that time it will still exist ... So, young man, do not forget to participate in strikes and always go to protest demonstrations ... Which ones? Anyone ... "... wink
          1. +3
            26 October 2019 15: 41
            "Life is a struggle ... we live as well as we can ... knock it out, starting from our employer ...
            This is something that the inhabitants of the post-Soviet space will never understand and will not absorb, in whose brains a centuries-old belief in a good tsar who will come and reward everyone and who has completely forgotten the beginning of the second stanza of the Internationale has stuck in their brains.
            1. -4
              26 October 2019 16: 49
              Remember the splendid, still Soviet film "Bumbarash"? There, in the film, among the beautiful music and songs, there is the well-known "march of the 4th company", well, you probably remember: "Nothing, nothing, nothing-saber, bullet, bayonets, all the same ..." https://www.youtube .com / watch? v = lCL1-SockkI
              So, Yu. Kim (Yu. Mikhailov) had one more verse that was not included in the film. For some reason, everyone zealously "forgets" him:

              "The poor man working with us forever
              We have one sworn enemy everywhere
              All black anger embraced bloody capital!
              He will never leave without a fight! "
        2. +2
          27 October 2019 22: 22
          Quote: Reptiloid
          The population of the USSR in 1990 is 148,3 million people.
          RSFSR
      6. -6
        26 October 2019 16: 44
        and society is not oppressed, but put on the brink of extermination.

        "Good" is not enough for everyone. Because someone needs to "leave". It is for the protection of "good" that the "servants" are armed, which is called upon to explain to the others that it is now someone else's and not common. And the rogues have nothing to defend, because why do they need "rights"? They have enough responsibilities.
    2. +4
      26 October 2019 09: 20
      The welfare of the state is provided not by the money that it annually releases to officials, but by the money that it leaves annually in the pockets of citizens.
      Jozsef Etves
    3. +4
      26 October 2019 09: 27
      Day-TV - that still garbage.
      If we argue from social justice, we could turn to the left channels.
      1. +3
        26 October 2019 09: 43
        Narak-zempo I would say help!
      2. +1
        26 October 2019 09: 47
        Quote: Narak-zempo
        Day-TV - that still garbage.
        If we argue from social justice, we could turn to the left channels.

        But these channels are all private and live from the owners who own these channels. The media cycle in nature is like a boomerang. And all over the head.
        1. +2
          26 October 2019 12: 25
          Quote: tihonmarine
          But these channels are all private and live from the owners who own these channels. The media cycle in nature is like a boomerang. And all over the head.

          What private left-wing YouTube channels do you know? And who are their "owners"?
          1. 0
            26 October 2019 13: 48
            Quote: Narak-zempo
            What private left-wing YouTube channels do you know? And who are their "owners"?

            And here is your YouTube, it is not cold from it, but about 150 channels on TV and Satellite, which have state licenses, these are those that zombie the people. Let me give you at least three "Rain" "STS" "CHE". And write any channel in the search engine, the network will give you the owner and the payer, and everything else.
            1. +1
              26 October 2019 14: 29
              Quote: tihonmarine
              And here is your YouTube, it is not cold from it, but about 150 channels on TV and Satellite, which have state licenses, these are those that zombie the people. Let me give you at least three "Rain" "STS" "CHE". And write any channel in the search engine, the network will give you the owner and the payer, and everything else.

              And which ones are left?
              1. +2
                26 October 2019 15: 37
                Quote: Narak-zempo
                And which ones are left?

                Three are the left.
                1. +1
                  26 October 2019 17: 07
                  Quote: tihonmarine
                  Three are the left.

                  Well, if for you "Rain" is the left channel, then there are clearly problems with orientation.
                  Does The Day have no huckster owners?
                  1. 0
                    26 October 2019 20: 39
                    Quote: Narak-zempo
                    Well, if for you "Rain" is the left channel, then there are clearly problems with orientation.

                    I already have no orientation, but "Rain" and Ksyusha do. Sorry, I'm not arguing with the lib ...
    4. +1
      26 October 2019 09: 38
      Nowadays, power is a business, one who has penetrated into power structures, tries to be as close to the financial flow as possible with the structure in which he is located, approaching looking for moves as this circumstance can be used to the maximum advantage.
    5. +1
      26 October 2019 10: 04
      Quote: Keyser Soze
      This model will destroy Russia ..


      And it doesn’t work for us. But you need to understand that we and you do not have normal capitalism, but neo-feudalism. Second, modern neoliberal capitalism does not work well either. Last week, CEOs of Amazon, American Airlines, JP Morgan and another 200 American company also said that capitalism is not working. But this is not stupid people.

      But socialism failed miserably and works only in Scandinavia. As a result, we have nothing. We must come up with a new model of society.

      accurately noticed. Wild form of capitalism in Russia. If you look at the developed capital countries of Europe, then there is a completely different capitalism. Social capitalism. The middle class will become very rich and will not be allowed there, but they will not be put on the brink of survival.
      and one more thing that bothers me in Russia is that a lot of power was given to churchmen, all sorts of Christian organizations, Cossacks (neo-White Guards)
      - no concert can already be held without the approval of the cassockers and thereof. especially regarding rock music
      1. +1
        26 October 2019 10: 21
        Social capitalism. The middle class will become very rich and will not be allowed there, but they will not be put on the brink of survival.


        But they guess that if the majority is led to a poor sum and they get the Guillotine and the revolution, they give the middle class everything they need. :) And ours and your greedy and not really sparkle with the brain and play enough in the end ....
      2. +3
        27 October 2019 09: 08
        Quote: Klingon
        Wild form of capitalism in Russia. If you look at the developed capital countries of Europe, then there is a completely different capitalism

        Smoke a world-system theory.
        Capitalism is one, because it is a global system. It is simply divided into a core - beneficiary states - and a periphery. The periphery is undergoing intensified exploitation, and the core countries are interested in preserving there backward forms of social structure (from "wild" capitalism to feudalism and slavery), since they facilitate exploitation. And at home you can play democracy and feed the people (the very "welfare state") so that they do not riot. Only this is expensive, and with the defeat of the alternative world-system (social bloc), the welfare state in the West began to be gradually phased out.
      3. 0
        27 October 2019 21: 40
        Here's a nice video about "right" and "wrong" capitalism:
    6. -1
      26 October 2019 10: 06
      “The Russian state has the advantage over others that it is governed directly by the Lord God Himself. Otherwise, it is impossible to explain how it exists! ”Count Burhard Christoph von Munnich 1767 ..

      What is the state?
      "The state is a system of self-government of society, ensuring the development or at least the survival of the people, without losing their cultural identity, under the influence of external factors." More details: http://fct-altai.ru/files/2019/State.pdf
    7. +1
      26 October 2019 10: 40
      We have now seized power by the enemies of the human race - "liberals" as they like to call themselves. Only by the fact that we have with medicine, education, production, population, etc. "By their fruits you will recognize them."
    8. +3
      26 October 2019 10: 42
      And from the Forbes list, we will soon find out whose idea it was to write off debts to Africa.
    9. +1
      26 October 2019 11: 03
      Who can explain what United Russia is doing to the country.

    10. -2
      26 October 2019 17: 25
      What kind of social justice can we talk about when we talk about the USSR? Speaking of facts, in the USSR there was not socialism, but state capitalism, focusing on the social affair.
      And in general, how can communism be built in a STATE (according to Marx, communism denies the concept of a state) without a universal world revolution? Those. was the construction of communism in a single country originally a utopian adventure?
    11. -1
      27 October 2019 07: 48
      I don’t think that history is made according to the plan of some people. All formations are clearly structured. Still Lenin was upset that we did not go through the full phase of capitalism. So everything returned to us in full. I think that is the stage of socialism that we passed, was a rehearsal for the future. There were mistakes. That's a rehearsal to take into account all the mistakes. Socialism will come, but not according to the plan of smart people. And when capitalism runs out of opportunities. And a situation arises. Any movement in history is like giving birth. A person can only help.
    12. -1
      27 October 2019 18: 45
      Quote: Narak-zempo
      Quote: Klingon
      Wild form of capitalism in Russia. If you look at the developed capital countries of Europe, then there is a completely different capitalism

      Smoke a world-system theory.
      Capitalism is one, because it is a global system. It is simply divided into a core - beneficiary states - and a periphery. The periphery is undergoing intensified exploitation, and the core countries are interested in preserving there backward forms of social structure (from "wild" capitalism to feudalism and slavery), since they facilitate exploitation. And at home you can play democracy and feed the people (the very "welfare state") so that they do not riot. Only this is expensive, and with the defeat of the alternative world-system (social bloc), the welfare state in the West began to be gradually phased out.

      maybe, but in Germany (for example) they don’t even offer to live on pasta. before that, officials still didn’t go down (they would have closed the entrance for gouging emigrants, it would have been even better)
    13. 0
      27 October 2019 20: 10
      The meaning and title of the article does not correspond to the first sentence in it)))
    14. 0
      2 November 2019 09: 23
      There is a lot of talk now about what triggered the collapse of the USSR. And no one wonders why mass demonstrations were held in large cities to protest the authorities. And in private life and in the state, no one considers the factor of chance. If in personal life an accident can change all future life. In the state it can lead to very sad consequences. In the electronic system, pressing the wrong button displays the presence of an error. The numerous emergency situations with ships, trains and the Chernobyl accident did not make the authorities think that something was going wrong. having bitten a bit, she strove for her idea. An ordinary person under any power acquires habit. And then there are cards for food. This brought people to the street. And this was used by the forces that legitimized their privileges over the masses.

    "Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

    “Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"