The Mystery of Russian Khazaria
The mystery of the origin of the Khazars
Khazar is considered to be a Turkic-speaking people, which appeared after the invasion of the Huns. At the same time, the "Turkic-speaking" Khazars are being questioned. The logic of their “Türkic-speaking” is simple: since the Khazars lived in the vast area of settlement of the tribes of the Türkic language group, it means that they spoke Türkic dialects. Although the same Finno-Ugrians have lived among the Slavs for thousands of years, they have their own language.
The history of the Khazar Khaganate is one of the most mysterious pages of world history. Khazaria was once one of the powerful regional powers, and had an impact on world politics. Interestingly, if the foreign policy of the kaganate is covered by foreign sources, then the internal history is little known. Russian annals, including The Tale of Bygone Years, report almost nothing about Khazaria. Although the war with the Khazars was an important part of the policy of the first princes of the Rurik dynasty.
Initially, in the VI century, the Khazars were part of the state of the Savirs (Savromats-Savors). Actually, the Khazar statehood was formed under the rule of the "Turkic empire", and gained independence after its collapse (630 AD). As a result, the dynasty of Turkic origin formed the ruling layer. However, the ruling stratum is not the whole nation. The succession of the Khazars from the Savirs is very remarkable. So the Savirs of the north occupied the land from the foothills of the North Caucasus in the south, to the Don basin in the northwest, as well as the basin of the right-bank tributaries of the Dnieper, Desna. And in the east, apparently, they belonged to the Volga, South Ural and Caspian steppes. After the collapse of the Turkic Khaganate, Khazaria occupied the same region. By the end of the VII century. the Khazar borders expanded to the west, in the southern Russian steppes. Also under the control of the Khazars was Volga Bulgaria (Bulgaria). Until the middle of the 9th century, tributes to the Khazars were paid by unions of the Vyatichi and Northerners tribes. That is, the borders of the Khazars in the north reached Moscow and Kazan.
It is interesting that the Khazaria from the Black Sea, the Caucasus and the Caspian in the south to the Dnieper in the west, the Middle Volga in the north and the Urals in the east completely coincides with the ancient Sarmatia, known from historical sources. In fact, Khazaria was the heiress of Sarmatia, only its elite was of Turkic origin, and then even adopted Judaism.
The question is who the simple Khazars were, the overwhelming majority of the population of the Khaganate. L.N. Gumilev suggested that the Khazars were the autochthonous (indigenous) people of the northeast Caucasus, who entered into symbiosis with the empire of the Turks and inherited power after its collapse. But there are no “North Caucasian” features in the culture of the Khazaria. Also in the Caucasus there are no recollections of this state and the Khazars' heirs. Some researchers associate the Khazar with Khorezm or Khorasan (in eastern Iran). Migrations of their Khorezm and the region of the Aral Sea steppes to the East European Plain occurred during the so-called. "Great relocation." It is possible that the Khazars were Central Asian Scythians-Sarmatians, who left the Kherzem region under the pressure of the Turks.
The ethnonym "Khazars-Azars-Araz" refers to the Indo-European, found in Indian and Near Asian mythology, as well as in Don folklore - it refers to the ancestors of the Don Cossacks (E. P. Savelyev. The ancient history of the Cossacks). The historian Y. Petukhov suggested (Y. Petukhov. Rus of Eurasia) that the Khazars came from the Middle East, from the territory of the former Assyria-Assuria. They were significantly assimilated by the Semites, hence the Judaism of their elite. Those tribes of Assyrians who wanted to save themselves went north. So they ended up in Khazaria, which they gave their name to. Indeed, “Assur” and “Khazar” are one ethnonym in different pronunciations. On the territory of the Khazars, they absorbed a number of local Turkic tribes. Assyrians created on the banks of the Volga a second Assyria-Assyria. When the Khazaria died, the Khazars became part of the ethnic groups of the Rus and Türks.
Khazars and Rus - parts of one superethnos
In all Greek sources, the Khazars act as Scythians. Greeks (Byzantines, Romans) are also called Russian-Russes as Scythians and Tauroscifs. In the Tale of Bygone Years, not only the Khazars are called Scythians, but also the Russian tribes - the Great Scythia. Moreover, in the Russian chronicles there is no data on the “foreign language” of the Khazars in relation to the Russians. In other sources, the Scythians are directly called the ancestors of the Russian and Slavs. Who are the mysterious Khazars?
The kinship between Russians and the Khazars is reported by an Arabic source, Collection of Stories (1126). There is a legend that “Rus and the Khazars were from the same mother and father. Then Rus grew up and, since he didn’t have a place that he liked, wrote a letter to Khazar and asked him for a part of his country to settle there. ” That is, this legend shows the idea of close kinship between Russians (Russians) and the Khazars and the origin of the Russian state from the bowels of the Khazar Khaganate.
The Arab historian Al-Masudi reports that there were several judges in the Khazar capital: two for Muslims, two for the Khazars who were judged according to the Torah (Pentateuch Moiseevo), two for Christians, and one for Slavs, Rus and Gentiles. According to the same author, Muslims in the kaganate are mainly military mercenaries in the service of the kagan and merchants, the Jewish stratum was also not numerous. True, Jews and Muslims constituted the social elite of Khazaria. The main population of the Khazars were “pagans”. It is obvious that simple Khazars constituted a stratum of Christians.
Masudi also reports that among the pagans of Khazaria there are Slavs and Rus, “they burn their dead with their horses, utensils and jewelry ...” Masudi described not only the Slavic-Russian, but exactly the Scythian funeral rite. Cremation was received at the northern and western glorious-Russians, but they did not have a burial with a horse (there were few horses among the inhabitants of the forest zone); Baltic Varangians-Rus usually burned a boat. A burial with a horse under a barrow or cremation with a horse (Azov Scythians) was taken from the Scythians.
Thus, the Rus and the Slavs formed the basis of the population of Khazaria, and were descendants of the Scythian-Sarmatian population of the Azov, Don, Kuban and Caucasus steppes. Archeology confirms this. Monuments belonging to the Slavs of the early Middle Ages were found in Sarkel (Belaya Vezha) on the Don, in Tmutarakan on Taman, in Korchev (Kerch), on the island of Berezan, in the lower Volga (V.V. Mavrodin. The origin of the Russian people). Not “separate groups of Slavs,” as supporters of a stripped-down version of Russian history want to show, but the basic population of Khazaria. Actually, “Khazar” traces, no matter how hard they tried, were never found.
It is not surprising that the Russian prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich and Yaroslav Vladimirovich are called Hagans, rulers of the Rus. The Grand Duke Svyatoslav Igorevich defeated and conquered Khazaria. Turkic-speaking and Jewish ruling communities were destroyed or fled. And the main part of the population of the Khazars - Slavs and Rus, became part of the Russian state. Khazaria became part of Russia. Therefore, Vladimir and Yaroslav, as the heirs of Svyatoslav, and became Hagan, since the Khazaria has become part of the Russian state. It is enough to recall how later the title of the newly-joined land was added to the title of the Russian Grand Duke or Tsar Emperor.
The Khazars, like the Rus of Kiev or Chernigov, were descendants of the Scythians, the heirs of Great Scythia-Sarmatia. Only Russian-Russians were the “trunk” of a huge superethnos, and the Khazars were a “daughter” ethnos, which was assimilated by the Turks and Semites. The Rus created a new empire-power, continued the traditions of the ancient northern civilization, and the Khazaria fell, the Khazars were doomed to degradation and extinction. Of course, they did not completely disappear; the Khazars became part of the Russian ethnos and Türks.
- Alexander Samsonov
- Secrets of ancient Rus
How the Russians converted to Islam
Information