The battle for Siberia. Recent operations Kolchak

35
Smoot. 1919 year. The White High Command had two plans for overcoming the catastrophe. Minister of War General Budberg reasonably noted that bloodless, demoralized units were no longer able to attack. He proposed the creation of a long-term defense at the borders of Tobol and Ishim. Win time, wait for winter. Commander-in-Chief General Diterichs proposed to gather his last forces and attack. The Red Army was continuously advancing from the Volga to Tobol and was supposed to be exhausted.


Admiral Kolchak takes a parade of troops. Near Tobolsk, 1919




The general situation on the Eastern Front. The defeat of Kolchakites to the south


In the second half of 1919, Kolchak’s army suffered heavy defeats and ceased to be a threat to the Soviet Republic. The main threat to Moscow was the army of Denikin, who successfully attacked on the Southern Front. Under these conditions, it was necessary to finish off the Kolchak troops in order to transfer troops from the east of the country to the south.

In connection with the dismemberment of the Kolchak armies, which were retreating in diverging directions, the main command of the Red Army reorganized the armies of the Eastern Front. The Southern Army Group (1-I and 4-I armies) was withdrawn from its composition, which formed the Turkestan Front on 14 on August 1919. Until October 1919, the Turkestan Front also included units of the 11 Army operating in the Astrakhan region. Frunze led the new front. The Turkestan front was tasked with killing the Southern Army of Kolchak, the Orenburg and Ural White Cossacks. The troops of the Turkestan front successfully coped with this task. In September, in the region of Orsk and Aktyubinsk, the Southern Army of Kolchak and the Orenburg Cossacks of Dutov and Bakich were defeated

The remaining units of the Orenburg Army in November - December 1919 from the Kokchetav area retreated to Semirechye. This passage was called the “Hunger Campaign” - from the Hunger Steppe (waterless desert on the left bank of the Syr Darya). Around 20, thousands of Cossacks and their families retreated in an almost deserted area, lack of food and water. As a result, half of the Cossacks and refugees died from hunger, cold and disease. Almost all survivors were ill with typhoid. Dutovtsy joined ataman Annenkov's Semirechensky army. Dutov was appointed Ataman Annenkov, Governor General of the Semirechensk Region. General Bakich led the Orenburg detachment. In the spring of 1920, the remnants of the White Cossacks, under the onslaught of the Reds, fled to China.

In the Ural direction, the battles were with varying success. After the Reds unblocked Uralsk and took Lbischensk, the White Cossacks retreated further down the river. Ural. However, the red group under the command of Chapaev broke away from their rear, the supply lines were very stretched, the Red Army were tired of fighting and crossings. As a result, the command of the white Ural army was able to organize in late August - early September 1919 a raid on Lbischensk, where the headquarters of the red group, rear divisions and wagons were located. The Belokazaki, using excellent knowledge of the area and the isolation of the headquarters of the 25 Infantry Division from their units, captured Lbischensk. Hundreds of Red Army soldiers, including division commander Chapaev, were killed or captured. White captured large trophies, which was important for them, since they had lost their previous supply lines.

The demoralized red units retreated to their previous positions, in the region of Uralsk. The Ural White Cossacks in October again blocked Uralsk. However, in conditions of isolation from other white troops, the lack of replenishment sources weapons and ammunition, the Ural army of General Tolstov was doomed to defeat. In early November 1919, the Turkestan Front went on the offensive again. Under the pressure of the superior forces of the Reds, in the conditions of a lack of weapons and ammunition, the White Cossacks began to retreat again. On November 20, the Reds occupied Lbischensk, but the Cossacks again managed to escape the encirclement. In December 1919, pulling up reinforcements and rear areas, the Turkestan Front resumed the offensive. The defense of the White Cossacks was broken. On December 11, Slamikhinskaya fell, on December 18, the Reds captured Kalmykov, thereby cutting off the retreat to the Iletsky Corps, and December 22 - Gorsky, one of the last strongholds of the Urals before Guryev. Cossacks of Tolstov retreated to Guryev.

The remnants of the Iletsk Corps, having suffered heavy losses in battle during the retreat, and from typhus, on 4 of January 1920 of the year were almost completely destroyed and captured in red near the village of Maly Baybuz. 5 January 1920 g. Red took Guryev. Some of the White Cossacks were captured, some went over to the Reds. The remnants of the Urals, led by General Tolstov, with convoys, families and refugees (a total of about 15 thousand people) decided to go south and join with the Turkestan army of General Kazanovich. They left along the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea to Fort Aleksandrovsky. The transition was extremely difficult - in winter (January - March 1920), lack of food, water and medicine. As a result of the "Death March" ("Ice trip through the desert") only about 2 thousand people survived. The rest died in clashes with the Reds, but mostly from cold, hunger and disease. The survivors were sick, mostly with typhoid.

Uralians planned to cross on ships of the Caspian flotilla VSYUR on the other side of the sea in Port Petrovsk. However, by this time, Denikinites in the Caucasus were also defeated, and Petrovsk was abandoned at the end of March. In early April, the Reds captivated the remnants of the Ural Army at Fort Aleksandrovsky. A small group led by Tolstov fled to Krasnovodsk and further to Persia. From there, the British transported a detachment of the Ural Cossacks to Vladivostok. With the fall of Vladivostok in the fall of 1922, the Ural Cossacks fled to China.

The 3-I and 5-I armies remained in the composition of the Eastern Front. The troops of the Eastern Front were to liberate Siberia. In mid-August 1919, the armies of the Eastern Front, pursuing the defeated White Guard troops, reached the Tobol River. The main forces of the 5-th Red Army moved along the Kurgan-Petropavlovsk-Omsk railway. The 3 Army was attacked by the main forces along the Yalutorovsk-Ishim railway line.

The battle for Siberia. Recent operations Kolchak

Orenburg Army Commander General Alexander Dutov


The collapse of the rear of the army of Kolchak


The situation behind White was extremely difficult, almost catastrophic. The repressive, anti-people policy of the Kolchak government provoked a large-scale peasant war in Siberia. She became one of the main reasons for the rapid collapse of power of the "supreme ruler." The red partisans sharply intensified on this soil. The partisan detachments were formed on the basis of the defeated red detachments, which were thrown back into the taiga by the Czechoslovak and White Guard troops in the summer of 1918. Around them began to group detachments of peasants who hated Kolchak. The fighters of these units knew the area very well, among them there were many veterans of the World War, experienced hunters. Therefore, it was difficult to control the situation in such vast spaces, it was difficult for weak government units (the most uninhabited element to be left behind) composed of inexperienced young soldiers, and often a declassed, criminal element who wanted to rob rich Siberian villages.

Thus, the peasant and guerrilla warfare quickly gained momentum. Repression, the terror of Kolchak and Czechoslovakia only added fuel to the fire. At the beginning of 1919, the entire Yenisei province was covered by a whole network of partisan detachments. The Siberian Railway, in fact the only supply line for the White Guards, was in jeopardy. The Czechoslovak corps was actually only occupied by the protection of the Siberian Railway. The Kolchak government strengthened punitive policies, but mostly civilians suffered from it. Punishers burned entire villages, took hostages, flogged entire villages, robbed and raped. What intensified the hatred of the people towards the whites, completely embittered the Siberian peasantry and strengthened the position of the Red partisans, Bolsheviks. An entire peasant army was created with its headquarters, intelligence. Soon the fire of the peasant war spread from the Yenisei province to the neighboring counties of the Irkutsk province and to the Altai region. In summer, such a fire broke out in Siberia that the Kolchak regime could not put out it.

The Siberian government asked the Entente for help that the West forced the Czechoslovak Corps to take the side of the Kolchak group. The Czechoslovak troops, together with the whites, again pushed into the taiga the units of Siberian rebels that threatened the Siberian Railway. The offensive of the Czech legionnaires, who are commemorated in modern Russia, was accompanied by mass terror. In addition, this success was bought at the cost of the final decomposition of the Czech units, which were mired in robbery and looting. Czechoslovakians plundered so much good that they did not want to leave their echelons, turned into warehouses of various values ​​and goods. On 27 on July 1919, the Kolchak government asked the Entente to withdraw the Czechoslovak Corps from Siberia and replace it with other foreign troops. It was dangerous to leave Czech legionnaires in Siberia.

The Entente command at that time was thinking about a new change of power in Siberia. The Kolchakov regime has exhausted itself; it has been used completely. The collapse of the front and the situation in the rear forced the West to look again at the Social Revolutionaries and other "democrats." They were supposed to lead the White movement in Siberia from the impasse where Kolchak led him. The Socialist-Revolutionaries, in turn, groped the ground for the Entente at the expense of a military coup, sought support from the city intelligentsia and part of the young Kolchak officers. A “democratic” coup was planned. As a result, it happened: the West and the Czechoslovak command “leaked” Kolchak, only it didn’t save the whites.

White Command Plans


The commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front of the White Army, Diterichs quickly recaptured previously defeated white units (The defeat of Kolchak in the Chelyabinsk battle) beyond the Tobol and Ishim rivers, so that, relying on these lines, try to cover the political center of whites in Siberia - Omsk. Also here was the center of the Siberian Cossacks, which still supported the power of Kolchak. Behind the Omsk region, a continuous strip of peasant uprisings began. After a heavy defeat in the battle for Chelyabinsk, the combat forces of Kolchak’s army decreased to 50 bayonets and sabers, while there were enormous numbers of people on the payroll — up to 300 thousand. property. With parts of the cities left the families of the White Guards. As a result, the retreating units were transformed into columns of refugees, losing even the remnants of combat readiness. 400 - 500 active fighters remained in the division, who covered thousands of wagons with a huge mass of refugees, non-combatants.

Kolchak’s ammonia was crushed and reduced. Despite a sharp decrease in its number, it retained the same number of high command, headquarters and management structures - Kolchak Stavka, five army headquarters, 11 corps, 35 divisions and brigade ones. There were too many generals for the number of soldiers. This made it difficult to control, turned off many people from the combat personnel. But the Headquarters of Kolchak did not have enough spirit to reorganize, reduce unnecessary headquarters and structures.

The army was left without heavy artillery abandoned during the defeats. And almost without machine guns. Kolchak requested weapons from the Entente, but the Allies supplied Kolchak (for gold) with thousands of obsolete machine guns, stationary type on high tripods, which were unsuitable for the maneuver war that the opponents waged during the Civil War. Naturally, white quickly threw this bulky weapon. All calls of the Kolchak government for mobilization and volunteerism were met with indifference, including among the propertied classes. The most passionate of the officers and city intelligentsia had already fought, the rest were against the Kolchak regime. Even thousands of volunteers could not be recruited. The peasants, mobilized into the army, fled en masse from the draft, deserted from the units, switched to the side of the Reds and partisans. Cossack regions - Orenburg and Ural were actually cut off, waged their own wars. The Transbaikal Cossack army of Ataman Semenov and the Ussuri Ataman Kalmykov conducted their policy, were oriented to Japan, and the Kolchak government was not given troops. Semenov and Kalmykov perceived Omsk only as a cash cow. Ataman Annenkov, commander of the Separate Semirechye Army, gave several regiments. But they immediately decomposed without their harsh chieftain, did not reach the front and staged such large-scale robberies that the Kolchakites had to shoot the most zealous.

The main stake was placed on the Siberian Cossacks, whose lands the Bolsheviks had already approached. However, Siberian Cossacks were also not reliable. Worn with "independence". In Omsk, the Cossack Confederation met, something like the Circle of all Eastern Cossack troops. She did not obey the "supreme ruler", adopted resolutions on "autonomy" and blocked all attempts by the Siberian government to restrain the robber chieftains Semyonov and Kalmykov. The Siberian chieftain was General Ivanov-Rinov, an ambitious but narrow-minded person. Kolchak could not replace him, the chieftain was an elected figure, had to reckon with him. Ivanov-Rinov, taking advantage of the hopeless position of the "supreme ruler", demanded a huge amount of money for the creation of the Siberian Corps, the supply of 20 thousand people. Cossack villages were bombarded with cash subsidies, gifts, various goods, weapons, uniforms, etc. The villages decided that they were going to fight. But as soon as it came down to business, the fervor quickly faded. It was time to harvest, the Cossacks did not want to leave home. Some villages began to refuse to go to the front under the pretext of the need to fight the partisans, while others secretly decided not to send soldiers to the front, since the Reds would soon come and take revenge. Some Cossack units acted, but arbitrarily, poorly obeyed discipline. As a result, the mobilization of the Siberian Cossacks dragged on for a long time, and far fewer fighters were gathered than planned.

The white leadership had two plans for a way out of the catastrophe. Minister of War General Budberg reasonably noted that bloodless, demoralized units were no longer able to attack. He proposed the creation of a long-term defense at the borders of Tobol and Ishim. To gain time, at least two months before the onset of winter, to give the troops rest, prepare new units, restore order in the rear and obtain substantial assistance from the Entente. The onset of winter was to interrupt active offensive operations. And in the winter it was possible to restore the army, prepare reserves, and then in the spring go on a counterattack. In addition, there was the possibility that the Southern White Front would win, take Moscow. It seemed that it was only necessary to gain time, hold out a little, and Denikin's army would crush the Bolsheviks.

Obviously, Budberg's plan also had weaknesses. Kolchakovo units were greatly weakened, lost the ability to hold tight defense. The front was huge, the Reds could easily find weaknesses, concentrate forces on a narrow section and break into the defenses of the White Guards. The white command had no reserves to block the gap, and a breakthrough guaranteed led to a general flight and disaster. In addition, the Reds could advance in the winter (in the winter of 1919 - 1920, they did not stop their movement). Also in question was the rear, which was crumbling literally before our eyes.

Commander-in-Chief General Diterichs offered to attack. The Red Army was continuously advancing from the Volga to Tobol and was supposed to run out of steam. Therefore, he proposed to gather the last forces and go on the counterattack. A successful offensive could inspire troops that could no longer defend successfully. Part of the forces of the Red Army was distracted from the main Moscow direction, where Denikin’s army was advancing.


Ataman of the Siberian Cossacks, General Pavel Pavlovich Ivanov-Rinov


The plan of defeating the 5 Red Army


The Siberian government needed military success to reinforce its shaky political position in the eyes of the local population and Western allies. Therefore, the government supported the Diterichs plan. The main prerequisite for the last offensive of the Kolchak army on the Tobol River was the demands of politics that went against the interests of military strategy. Militarily, the white units were exhausted and bloodless by previous battles, and were greatly demoralized by defeats. There were practically no combat-ready replenishment. That is, the forces of the White Guards, neither in quantity nor in quality, made it possible to count on decisive success. Great hopes were pinned on the Separate Siberian Cossack Corps, which was mobilized in August 1919 (about 7 thousand people). He was supposed to play the role of the shock fist of the Kolchak army. In addition, five divisions pulled from the line of Tobol to Petropavlovsk, replenished them, after which some were to fall on the enemy from the depths of the front.

The White Command hoped for surprise and speed of strike. The Reds believed that the Kolchakites had already been defeated and had withdrawn part of the troops for transfer to the Southern Front. However, the white command overestimated the military and moral condition of its troops, and once again underestimated the enemy. The Red Army was not exhausted by the offensive. She was promptly replenished with fresh strength. Each victory, each city taken led to an infusion of local replenishment. At the same time, the red units no longer decomposed, as was the case in the 1918 year, the beginning of the 1919 year - after victories (drunkenness, robberies, etc.) or failures (desertion, unauthorized withdrawal from the front of the units, etc.). The Red Army was now created following the example of the former imperial army, with strict order and discipline. Created by former tsarist generals and officers.

The offensive was outlined by the forces of the 1, 2 and 3 armies at the front between Ishim and Tobol. The main blow was dealt by the left flank, where the 3-th Army of Sakharov was advanced forward with a ledge and the Siberian Cossack Corps of General Ivanov-Rinov was located. The Sakharov Army and the Siberian Cossack Corps totaled over 23 thousand bayonets and sabers, about 120 guns. The 1-th Siberian Army under the command of General Pepelyaev was supposed to advance along the Omsk-Ishim-Tyumen railway, fettling units of the 3-th red army Mezheninov. The 2th Siberian Army under the command of General Lokhvitsky struck the most powerful and dangerous 5th Red Army of Tukhachevsky from the right flank to its rear. The 1-I and 2-I armies totaled over 30 thousand people, over 110 guns. The 3th Army of General Sakharov dealt a frontal blow to the army of Tukhachevsky along the line of the Omsk-Petropavlovsk-Kurgan railway. The steppe group under the command of General Lebedev covered the left wing of the 3 Army of Sakharov. The Ob-Irkutsk flotilla carried out a number of landing operations. Special hopes were assigned to the Ivanov-Rinov corps. Cossack cavalry was supposed to go behind the rear of the 5 Red Army, penetrate deeply into the enemy’s location, contributing to the encirclement of the main forces of the Red Army.

Thus, the success of the operation on Tobol was to lead to the encirclement and destruction of the 5 Army, a grave defeat of the Eastern Red Front. This allowed Kolchak’s army to gain time, survive the winter and spring offensive again.

On 15 of August 1919, the armies of white and red entered again close military contact on the Tobol line. In the Ishim-Tobol direction, the 3 Army attacked - about 26 thousand bayonets and sabers, 95 guns, more than 600 machine guns. The 5 Army was attacking Petropavlovsk — about 35 thousand bayonets and sabers, about 80 guns, over 470 machine guns. The Red Command also planned to develop the offensive. The number of Soviet armies, their armament and fighting spirit (high after victories) allowed the continuation of offensive operations. At the same time, the red armies of the Eastern Front were strongly on the ledge forward in relation to the troops of the Turkestan Front, who at that time were fighting the Orenburg and Ural Cossacks, approximately on the Orsk-Lbischensk front. Therefore, the 5th Army of Tukhachevsky had to provide its right wing with the allocation of a special barrier to the Kustanay direction. The 35th Infantry Division was transferred here from the left flank of the army.

The first to go on the offensive were the Reds. White dragged on with the preparation and mobilization of the Siberian Cossacks. After a short pause, the Red Army soldiers of 20 on August 1919 crossed the Tobol. In some places White stubbornly resisted, but was defeated. Red troops rushed east.

To be continued ...

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  1. +9
    20 September 2019 06: 10
    Until recently, the "masters of the country" were robbed and killed with the help of the British and how much gold they still profited from the state.
    1. +5
      20 September 2019 07: 30
      White people come and rob, red ones come and rob ... Well, where can the peasant go! "
    2. -10
      20 September 2019 07: 41
      1. The whites who brought the country to the very last fought for power, unlike the communists in 1991.
      2. Citizens over 45 years of age are generally unable to adequately assess reality. They profiled the country, and now they whine like "terpily" in the rotten Western Internet.
      3. Young people are soft and well-fed infantiles.

      That is, years must pass before the generation of responsible people grows up. For yourself and for the country.
      1. +8
        20 September 2019 08: 04
        all the same, until the last they fought for power, unlike the communists in 1991.
        Something I do not remember anyone coming out to defend the king’s stake. The democrats of 1917 were weaker than the democrats of 1991. In 1993, a lot of blood was shed, but now in power ...
        1. -5
          20 September 2019 08: 10
          Quote: Gardamir
          all the same, until the last they fought for power, unlike the communists in 1991.
          Something I do not remember anyone coming out to defend the king’s stake. The democrats of 1917 were weaker than the democrats of 1991. In 1993, a lot of blood was shed, but now in power ...

          Something you messed up dear, the capitalists and the bourgeoisie in the person of the whites defended their exclusive rights to power, see Kolchak's program. And it doesn't matter who guaranteed them the right to plunder the people - the Tsar or the Emperor. In 1993 there was a struggle between equal packs. Look at the composition of the Supreme Soviet - they are all "red directors" and heads of executive committees, who have successfully privatized everything.
          1. +5
            20 September 2019 08: 18
            You messed up something
            Not at all. The so-called civilian unleashed by former allies of the Entente. In fact, it was a continuation of the First World War. And they themselves invaded our territory and the population (of the whites) organized against the new government.
            In 1991, the new government quickly went to Washington to give up. And the 1993 deputies were different, many directors and heads. then they still did not get into the Supreme Council of the 1989 model. However, a lot of foam surfaced.
            Sorry, I'm running away, I can continue in the evening.
            1. -7
              20 September 2019 12: 53
              Not at all. The so-called civilian unleashed by former allies of the Entente.

              Oh yes ... NATO has unleashed. Kornilov agent of the State Department. Then the next State Department agent Yezhov shot the revolutionaries. Avenged ataman Kutepov. But Beria was already with Nubiru, reptilian. Everything was so.
      2. +1
        21 September 2019 16: 25
        So white was something to fight for! because they have taken everything from them! And our supporters (former communists) then ruined the USSR so that they could be tampered with by the former state property on its ruins and did nothing to rob us of it in the 90s. But God will give nothing to our children and grandchildren and they will take everything from their grandchildren and will not help them their children will also demand their share. And again, cleansing blood will be shed and once again there will be a fair redivision, and again our grandchildren will rob the loot! HOORAY
    3. +8
      20 September 2019 09: 17
      Prince Olgovich has already arrived). Now he will tell about the valiant war veterans and degradants with deserters who accidentally defeated them.
      1. 0
        21 September 2019 18: 12
        Quote: Moskovit
        about the valiant war veterans

        Already told. (Izhevsk uprising). Here in Germany, the society of front-line soldiers was able to deal with the commies, but in Russia, regretted that it could not.
        1. 0
          21 September 2019 22: 51
          Oh yeah. One corporal then even became a Reich Chancellor. And we do not. I suppose regrets
    4. 0
      21 September 2019 17: 16
      Replace the British with the Germans and voila - an excellent description of the communists of that time
  2. +4
    20 September 2019 06: 31
    The sad story of our story ...
  3. +1
    20 September 2019 08: 53
    Orenburg Army Commander General Alexander Dutov

    Amazing fate and talent, a man, a Russian officer to the bone!

    The son of an officer, a participant in the Turkestan campaigns, he and born in a camping wagone, during one of them.
    Then, he shook his garrison after his father.
    At 10 (!) Years he became a cadet, at the end of the school he served in the Cossack regiment with the rank of cornet.

    Then he graduated with honors from the Nikolaev Engineering College, becoming an excellent engineer.

    Again, in the ranks, he entered the General Staff Academy.
    Interrupted training due to REV and volunteer went to the front, fought, awarded. Then, graduation from the Academy and again service.
    From 1909 to 1912 he taught at the Orenburg Cossack Junker School. . In addition to performing his duties, he organized performances, concerts and evenings at the school.

    In 1914, immediately volunteered to go to the front again, where he valiantly fought as a regiment commander, brigade, participated in the Lutsk breakthrough, awarded.

    In 1917 he became popularly electedm Member of Constituentrobbing Russia, gaining the full confidence of voters.
    Immediately after the October Revolution declared usurpers of power outlaw and from then until the end of his life he fought for United Russia and democracy.

    Killed as a group of terrorists sent across the border.

    An example of a sample of service of an officer of the Fatherland.
    1. +8
      20 September 2019 09: 15
      In the Orenburg prison alone, in August 1918, more than 6 thousand communists and non-partisans languished, of which 500 were tortured during interrogation. In Chelyabinsk, the Dutovites shot, 9 thousand people were taken to Siberian prisons. In Troitsk, according to the Soviet periodicals, in the first weeks, 700 people were shot. In the city of Ilek, the Dutovites slaughtered 400 souls of a “foreign” population. Such mass executions were characteristic of the Dutov Cossack troops both in the previous period and in the following months. The conclusion characterizing white terror as a phenomenon characteristic of white movement only when moving fronts: when occupying and leaving cities, will be erroneous.

      In January 1919, Dutovites killed 1050 people in the Urals region alone. In the same 1919, in the village of Sakharnoye, a hospital will be burned along with 700 red soldiers who were there with typhoid fever. The fact that after the fire their corpses will be buried in dunghills complements the picture of brutal destruction. The village of Meglius is also notorious; it was destroyed along with its 65 inhabitants.

      The tragedy of Aleksandrov-Gaya (Novouzensk district of the Samara province) was then most famous then, and now in historical science. May 5, 1918 the Ural Cossacks took the village. On May 9, 96 captured Red Army soldiers were killed, and the wounded were bombarded with earth, burying them alive. In total, 675 people were shot and destroyed in other ways (buried alive) in the village. Cut off ears, noses, lips, fingers, pieces of meat cut from the back, cut and scalped bodies of the victims were evidence of the Cossack massacre.

      An example for everyone!
      1. -2
        20 September 2019 10: 46
        Quote: Moskovit
        In the Orenburg prison alone, in August 1918, more than 6 thousand communists and non-partisans languished, of which 500 were tortured during interrogation. In Chelyabinsk, the Dutovites shot, 9 thousand people were taken to Siberian prisons. In Troitsk, according to the Soviet periodicals, in the first weeks, 700 people were shot. In the city of Ilek, the Dutovites slaughtered 400 souls of a “foreign” population. Such mass executions were characteristic of the Dutov Cossack troops both in the previous period and in the following months. The conclusion characterizing white terror as a phenomenon characteristic of white movement only when moving fronts: when occupying and leaving cities, will be erroneous.

        In January 1919, Dutovites killed 1050 people in the Urals region alone. In the same 1919, in the village of Sakharnoye, a hospital will be burned along with 700 red soldiers who were there with typhoid fever. The fact that after the fire their corpses will be buried in dunghills complements the picture of brutal destruction. The village of Meglius is also notorious; it was destroyed along with its 65 inhabitants.

        The tragedy of Aleksandrov-Gaya (Novouzensk district of the Samara province) was then most famous then, and now in historical science. May 5, 1918 the Ural Cossacks took the village. On May 9, 96 captured Red Army soldiers were killed, and the wounded were bombarded with earth, burying them alive. In total, 675 people were shot and destroyed in other ways (buried alive) in the village. Cut off ears, noses, lips, fingers, pieces of meat cut from the back, cut and scalped bodies of the victims were evidence of the Cossack massacre.

        When you steal other people's articles, indicate at least the source.
        Quote: Moskovit
        by Soviet periodicals

        Indicate - when this periodical, at least once, said the TRUTH.
        For example, show this "true" periodical from 1933: on mass deaths from hunger and cannibalism. hi
        1. +8
          20 September 2019 11: 57
          And here you are, as I understand it, publish your own research? Do you sit in the archives days and nights?
          I, unlike you, have to do with both the Novosibirsk region and the Orenburg region. Where all these events took place. And in Soviet times, in local newspapers, in local history museums, where we were taken on excursions, we were told about the atrocities of the guards. The recollections of the participants of the Civil.
          It is clear that these were arguments on the one hand, the reprisals by the reds were silent, but this does not cancel the executions, atrocities and other delights of the whites.
          1. -4
            20 September 2019 13: 20
            Quote: Moskovit
            And here you are, as I understand it, publish your own research? Do you sit in the archives days and nights?
            I do not bring propaganda of power, the basis of which was a lie - from the first to the last day of its existence. On what and caught undeniably millions of times.
            Quote: Moskovit
            I, unlike you, have to do with both the Novosibirsk region and the Orenburg region. Where all these events took place. And in Soviet times, in local newspapers, in local history museums, where we were taken on excursions, we were told about the atrocities of the guards ..

            Well, WHAT else could they still say? belay lol
            Quote: Moskovit
            It is clear that these were arguments on the one hand, the reprisals by the reds were silent, but this does not cancel the executions, atrocities and other delights of the whites.

            criminals always justify their crimes, allegedly, by the "crimes" of their counterpart.

            The fact is that the "crimes" of the Whites after the Gr. War have not been heard, but their opponents after Gr. the wars continued. This is the question of who is who.

            Alexander Dutov did NOT start a war and did NOT want to. He served the Fatherland all his life.

            A veteran of THREE wars for Russia, an order bearer, a popularly elected deputy ataman, so he was, he will remain so
            “The veche bell of the Cossacks is menacingly and imperiously buzzing. . Free stanitsy hear the alarm, and its sounds are joyful to them. Great Russia, quiet Russia, Orthodox Russia, do you hear the Cossack alarm? Wake up, dear, and strike in your old Kremlin-Moscow, all the bells, and your alarm will be heard everywhere. Throw off the great people of a foreign yoke, German. And the sounds of veche Cossack bells will merge with your Kremlin chime, and Great Russia, Orthodox Russia will be whole and inseparable. Beat the alarm, Russian people, beat harder, call your sons, and we will all be friends for holy Russia... »
            A. Dutov
            1. +1
              20 September 2019 19: 21
              [quote] [/ quote] "Alexander Dutov did not start the war and did not want to. He served the Fatherland all his life." Do not count your chickens before they are hatched. Siberia and the Far East remember your "heroes" who are ready to sell both their Motherland and their mother for a small share. You would have dragged Petya Krasnova here, Shkuro, Vlasov and your other idols.
              1. +1
                21 September 2019 06: 57
                Quote: Etienne
                Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.

                That's it: where are your Bolsheviks, in which e?
                Quote: Etienne
                remember your "heroes" who are ready to sell their homeland for a small share,

                Your idols sold your homeland: you gave THIRD OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA to the German invaders forever in 1918. A. Dutov fought against these national traitors (according to V.V. Putin):
                Throw off the great people foreign yoke, German. And Great Russia, Orthodox Russia will be whole and inseparable.

                He fought for United Russia, which you TORPED into 15 states (see the WINDOW)
                1. 0
                  21 September 2019 17: 12
                  A plus. But alas, you can’t prove it like that.
        2. +1
          20 September 2019 20: 19
          Quote: Olgovich
          For example, show this "true" periodical

          I recently visited Tikhoretsk. In the local history museum there is a large selection about the atrocities of whites during the civil war. Belyakov is referred to as "Denikin's gangs". The periodicals of the Civil War era are presented. In the 1970s, the KGB of the Sverdlovsk region counted the number of victims during the occupation of this region by the White Guards. The figure is big.
          1. +1
            21 September 2019 07: 07
            Quote: gsev
            I recently visited Tikhoretsk. In the local history museum there is a large selection about the atrocities of whites during the civil war. Belyakov is referred to as "Denikin's gangs".

            Denikin fought against the bandits, by force and illegally seizing power. You learned about the Cossack gnerocide by visiting the Museums of Yekaterinodar and Novocherkassk.
            The Central Museum of the Cossacks is also being created, visit.
            Quote: gsev
            In the 1970s, the KGB of the Sverdlovsk region counted the victims during the occupation of this area by the White Guards. The figure is big.

            German accomplices occupied Yekaterinburg.
            1. 0
              21 September 2019 12: 52
              Quote: Olgovich
              German accomplices occupied Yekaterinburg.

              The Germans supplied the Volunteer Army with shells through Krasnov, the adjutant Krasnov, in his memoirs, estimated the Astrakhan army of the All-Union Socialist Republic of Ukraine as a pro-German formation, and you their opponents who liquidated the governor of Ukraine and tried to liquidate his assistant, the Ukrainian hetman, are called German puppets.
              1. -1
                22 September 2019 06: 27
                Quote: gsev
                The Germans supplied the Volunteer Army with shells through Krasnov, the adjutant Krasnov, in his memoirs, evaluated the Astrakhan army of the All-Ukrainian Union of Socialist Republic of Ukraine as pro-German

                Krasnov shared equipment with Denikin, while Denikin collaborated with the Allies.
                Quote: gsev
                and you are their opponents who liquidated the governor of Ukraine and tried to eliminate his assistant-Ukrainian hetman call it German puppets.

                1. They invited the president of the UPR, Nazi Grushevsky, to carry out the de-Russification of Little Russia, which he did with success.
                2 I call them national traitors (I agree with President of Russia here): they gave forever to the invaders 90% of coal, 75% steel, 40% workers, etc., and fed the invaders with gold and bread.
                1. -1
                  25 September 2019 17: 10
                  Quote: Olgovich
                  They invited the president of the UPR, Nazi Grushevsky

                  Grushevsky, among other things, is a Ukrainian intellectual. The Bolsheviks invited many. For example, the White Guard officer Lavrenev and an employee of the Kolchak newspaper Vsevolod Ivanov (who is also the author of the armored train 14-69) even became the founders of Soviet literature.
                  1. -2
                    26 September 2019 07: 30
                    Quote: gsev
                    Grushevsky, among other things, is a Ukrainian intellectual.

                    he is a Nazi. and then everything else.
                2. +1
                  25 September 2019 17: 18
                  Quote: Olgovich
                  I call them national traitors

                  It is interesting to compare the Cossack and, for example, Circassian information resources. Circassians have some kind of modest nationalism and it tries not to offend the opponent, in response to criticism of their views without strong arguments, the Circassians do not enter into discussion. But for some Cossacks, their narcissism and overestimated self-esteem at the sight of unpleasant information causes almost aggression. It seems that the "Great Cossackia" project turned out to be more successful than the "Great Circassia ....." or "Itil" project.
          2. +1
            22 September 2019 20: 30
            But is there a selection about the enemy of the people and the vile terrorist, the sworn hater of the Soviet regime and the fascist Leo Trotsky?
        3. 0
          22 September 2019 17: 34
          For: Olgovich
          In this matter, your opponents are right.
          In the Civil War beyond the Urals, extreme cruelties and reprisals of whites significantly exceeded the cruelties and repressions of the reds.
          In the European part of Russia - the opposite.
          1. -1
            23 September 2019 08: 43
            Quote: voyaka uh
            For: Olgovich
            In this matter, your opponents are right.
            In the Civil War beyond the Urals, extreme brutality and repression of whites far exceeded cruelty and repression of red
            In the European part of Russia - the opposite.

            For you:

            Justify your opinion with the OBJECTIVE data of independent witnesses.

            Bolshevik periodicals, "history", "facts", bedding grevs and "American officers" lol -convincingly ask, do not offer.
      2. The comment was deleted.
  4. +4
    20 September 2019 11: 58
    The Kolchak government strengthened punitive policies, but mostly civilians suffered from it. Punishers burned entire villages, took hostages, flogged entire villages, robbed and raped. What intensified the hatred of the people towards the whites, completely embittered the Siberian peasantry and strengthened the position of the red partisans, the Bolsheviks. An entire peasant army was created with its headquarters, intelligence. Soon the fire of the peasant war spread from the Yenisei province to the neighboring counties of the Irkutsk province and to the Altai region. In summer, such a fire broke out in Siberia that the Kolchak regime could not put out it.
    That’s actually the reason for the defeat of Kolchak and his followers, who were defeated, in fact, not by the distant Reds from Central Russia, but by local partisan peasants. Therefore, such crazy pace of the offensive, already less than a year before Vladivostok already reached, the Wehrmacht never dreamed of
  5. 0
    22 September 2019 20: 33
    Quote: gsev
    Quote: Olgovich
    For example, show this "true" periodical

    I recently visited Tikhoretsk. In the local history museum there is a large selection about the atrocities of whites during the civil war. Belyakov is referred to as "Denikin's gangs". The periodicals of the Civil War era are presented. In the 1970s, the KGB of the Sverdlovsk region counted the number of victims during the occupation of this region by the White Guards. The figure is big.

    But did the KGB of the Sverdlovsk Region calculate in the 70 years the number of people destroyed by Soviet power? I would like to get acquainted with such calculations and compare the number of victims
    1. 0
      25 September 2019 17: 02
      Quote: Yaitsky Cossack
      I would like to get acquainted with such calculations and compare the number of victims

      Read The Gulag Archipelago. It was easier for Solzhenitsin to collect information about the 60s than about the 30s. Nothing as terrible as for example now in Ukraine in the USSR in the 1970s did not happen.
  6. 0
    3 November 2019 17: 22
    So who is Admiral Kolchak today? Hero of Russia, who died fulfilling his duty to the Fatherland to the end and a commander faithful to the oath of allegiance to the Emperor? Or is it a tyrant, a White Guard and a murderer who killed thousands of commoners and peasants? Yesterday we sang: "The Red Army is the White Baron. Again the tsarist throne is preparing for us. But from the taiga to the British seas, the Red Army is the strongest!" And today we shoot films and sing songs about Kolchak. About the times! About morals!

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