The collapse of Kolchak's strategic hopes, or the Final of the Peter and Paul Operation
The gradual retreat of the enemy by the end of the month turns into a hasty retreat on the whole front - in order to timely withdraw troops beyond the r. Ishim.
The Volga and Ufa enemy groups operating in the railway lane and threatened bypass traffic, began to withdraw, hiding behind rearguards, mainly from horse units. To counter a round, an adversary noticed a tendency to lengthen his left flank.
Success development
The command-5 two directives from 25 - 26 October gave the army instructions on the decisive development of success.
And the period of military operations of the army from 25 to 29 of October was a continuation of the pursuit of the enemy - more energetic on the right flank and relatively slow in the center, in the railway strip and to the north.
The 35-I division moved in three directions, advancing with the main forces on Nadezhdinsky and Petropavlovsk, and its barrier from the right flank advanced to the area of Nikolayevsky - Petrovsky.
By the 28th, the 2th brigade, successfully continuing the offensive, in the morning of the 27th took the 312th regiment of Mikhailovsky, seizing 400 prisoners and 5 machine guns. Leaving the barrier here, the regiment launched an offensive on Art. Stanovaya and Lake Mal Aryk. The 311th regiment, advancing from Dubrovny, fought a stubborn battle with the enemy that had dug in the 6 km east of Dubrovny, but, together with the 310 regiment, knocked it out and occupied Art. I’m dead. The 1-I brigade by the same time advanced to 12 km east of the village of Grishinsky.
Developing a further offensive, the division by the 29 went to the Bogolyubovo region - st. Voznesenskaya - Art. Arkhangelskaya and by rail east of the station. Mamlyutki. The enemy with 2 armored trains quickly moved to the mountains. Petropavlovsk.
On the site of the 5th division, units of the 1th brigade developed an offensive on the village. Pea and Art. Petukhovo (the last after a short battle, was taken by units of the 37-th regiment in the morning of the 27-th). Here were captured 1000000 pounds of wheat, 1000 pounds of flour, a lot of salted meat and fish, ten carts with shells and 66 prisoners.
By the 29-th day, the 3-th brigade reached the area of the capture of Marushino and continued to move to the village. Novogradskaya, 1-I brigade, having occupied with. Belovskoy, was put forward on the Kalugino-Zhagrin line.
The units of the 26 Division, continuing to advance towards the railway in a northeastern direction, were intended to push the enemy north of this road, depriving him of the main and convenient operational direction for withdrawing troops from the situation that had developed by now in the theater of operations.
So, the 2-th brigade to the 26-m occupied the village of Serebryanaya - Peganova and, continuing further movement along the front through the village of Slivinskaya - station. Makushino in the northeast direction, together with units of the 1th brigade of the 5th division, occupied Art. Petukhovo (her left flank went to the area of the village of Berezovskaya by the same time). 3-I brigade, advancing from the area d.d. Trebushnaya - Zaboshnaya in the direction of the Brotherhood - Chebachya, by the 27, she entered the line Karavankin - Monastery.
26-I division was moving: 1-th brigade through the village of Martin and p.p. Rich and Kladbinsky, the 3th Brigade - d. B. Priyutnoye - the settlement of Senzharsky and the 2th - through the settlement of Mikhailovsky. By October 29, the brigades were in the area: 1 I - p.p. Novorybinsky - Kladbinsky, 3-I - settlement Senzharsky and 2-I - settlement Mikhailovsky.
The 27th Division, continuing its advance north of the Siberian Railway and not encountering serious resistance from the enemy, successfully and quickly advanced forward and by the 29th October came out: the 3th Brigade (right flank) - to the area of the Studenoye settlement - Peschanaya village, 2-th brigade - oz. M. Aktaban - d. Karasya and 1-th - d.d. Butyrino - Often.
The cavalry division, tasked with raiding the station. Tokushi (35 km east of the city of Petropavlovsk) and thereby facilitate the army crossing the river. Ishim approached the village of Novo-Nikolaevsky by the 29. But the enemy, taking advantageous positions on the right bank of the river. Ishim, with strong fire, forced the cavalry division to withdraw to 5 km west of the village. Novo-Nikolaevsky. The actions of this cavalry division are striking in their lethargy. Two nachdivas one after another were removed from office - for lack of energy.
The 54-I division to the 29-th was in movement from the village of Troitsky in a southeast direction.
29-th October, the commander gave the army a directive to force the river. Ishim.
The following tasks were assigned to the divisions: 54 — by November 1 — to occupy the area of Nikolayevsky –– Lake. Karatomar - item Peter and Paul;
2-th Serf Brigade is transferred to the subordination of the beginner-54;
26-th division to the 1-th November - go to ur. Chubars — ur. Kara-Tashkan - Salotopen;
The cavalry division remained the same task - that is, continued development of the raid on the Tokushi station;
35-th division - occupy the area of ur. Tolmach - c. Flat - Lake B. Dzhanbovo;
5-th Division - by the 1-th November to go main forces on the line M. White - Lake. Wide - d. Gorbunova-Sivkova;
27-th division to concentrate in the area in. Bishkul - Petropavlovsk.
In implementing this directive, the energetic actions of the 1th brigade of the 35th division should be especially noted.
The capture of Petropavlovsk and the capture of the border p. Ishim
The 308 regiment of the 29 October dashingly and unexpectedly attacked for about 21 hours and captured a mined and already set on fire bridge across the river. Ishim near the city of Petropavlovsk. After that, crossing the river over the bridge under heavy artillery fire, broke into the city of Petropavlovsk and, as a result of an 4-hour battle, took possession of it, capturing 1000 prisoners, 6 machine guns and a convoy with various military equipment.
309 Regiment, crossing the river. Ishim, following the 308 regiment, entered the southern outskirts of the city and captured up to 500 prisoners, 2 light guns, with crews and charging cases, 4 machine guns, a lot of uniforms and shoes.
The 307th regiment, crossing over Ishim, occupied the northern outskirts of the city.
Around 19 hours of the 30 October, the enemy with large forces, with the support of two armored trains, began to move into counterattacks. Under their pressure, the 307th regiment was forced to retreat to the crossing, but the enemy was defeated by a second counterattack and retreated eastward, leaving one serviceable gun and convoy.
By the 12 hours of the 31 October, the brigade occupied the southeast outskirts of Petropavlovsk, the 309 m — east and the 308 m — north.
At the same time, the 2th Brigade of the 35th Division developed its actions as follows. 312 Regiment, going up to the line p. Ishim, about 18 hours, on the 30 of October, under heavy artillery fire crossed the river in the area of the village of Bogolyubov - the village of Nadezhdinsky. 311th regiment, concentrating by the same time in the area of Art. Ascension, crossed the river. Ishim and took a position on the right bank. 310 Regiment, having captured Art. Arkhangelsk, where up to 200 prisoners were captured, crossed the railway bridge and joined the units of the 1-th brigade in Petropavlovsk. Here the regiment took up a position on the southern outskirts of the city.
On October 31, the enemy, concentrating large forces with a large amount of artillery on sections of the 312 and 311 regiments, forced these regiments to withdraw from the right bank — to their original position.
Forced to withdraw beyond the river. Ishim of the brigade regrouped in the morning of October 31 and occupied the area of Art. Voznesenskaya - Novo-Kamensky and 312-m - st. Arkhangelsk.
In the morning of November 1, the 312th regiment of the 2th brigade, under cover of artillery fire, crossed Ishim in the area of Bogolyubov and continued its further offensive together with the 311th and 2th Kazan regiments at ur. Markaby.
The 310 regiment, which was supposed to assist other parts of the brigade when crossing Ishim, launched an offensive on the night of 1 from the southern outskirts of Petropavlovsk to the c. Bishkul - and with an unexpected attack captured up to 300 prisoners, 6 guns, 3 machine guns and convoys. But the enemy counterattack forced the regiment to withdraw to its original position. By the evening of the same day, the regiment again launched an offensive, trying to restore the situation.
Such a quick accomplishment by parts of the 35 Division of the task of mastering the border of the r. Ishim favorably affected the general course of the army operation.
The units operating north of the 35-th division of the 5-th division of the 30-31 of October approached the line p. Ishim, moreover, on the 30 number, the 1 I brigade occupied the village of Presnovka (where 175 prisoners were captured). At dawn, the 39th regiment spoke on the village of Vagulin and by the 8 clock reached the village. Sokolovskaya.
When approaching the village, the regiment found the 4th Ufa division of the enemy, which had not yet had time to cross to the eastern bank of the river. Losing no time, the regiment famously attacked the remaining enemy units on its shore, which, unable to withstand the attack, rushed to the crossings. And on their shoulders the 39 regiment crossed, seizing up to 240 prisoners, 4 machine guns and other property. By 10 hours was occupied by D. Vagulin.
Two other regiments of the brigade were occupied by d. Glubokaya - Nalobino - Gaidukovo - Sivkovo - Vinogradovo. The cavalry division, which had the task of capturing Art. Tokushi, this is not fulfilled - because the enemy, settling in convenient positions on the right bank of the river. Ishim, against the area of Novo-Nikolsky, kept him under continuous artillery fire.
During 30 - 31 October, the division occupied the area west of Novo-Nikolsky, where it entered only on the 1 of November.
The 26-I division, continuing to advance to the Novo-Yavlenny area, on the morning of the 31-th October, after a stubborn battle, occupied the 3-th brigade and, having restored the bridge destroyed by the enemy, crossed the river and launched an offensive in the area of ur. Chubars - ur. Kara-Tyshkan. 2-I brigade entered the village of Novo-Nikolsky and in the evening began crossing the Ishim.
The enemy prevented the crossing by fire, but the brigade, despite the fire, successfully completed it and launched a further offensive. The 1-I brigade, making up the divisional reserve, concentrated in Novo-Nikolsky.
The 54-I division, which is part of two brigades (2-th main and 2-th Fortress, attached division), concentrated in the morning of the 31-th: the first - in the area of the village of Nikolaevsky and the second - the village of Ilyinsky - the village of Petrovsky, having the task in the morning of 1 to begin the crossing.
The units of the 27th division arrived by the 1th of November: the 3 brigade - in the city and the 2-I - settlement Krivoozerny; 1-I brigade remained in the area of Art. Mamlyutka.
Thus, it can be seen that in the main operational area, in the Siberian Railway lane, the 5 Army performed its mission. The obstacle was overcome. At the turn of the river. The Ishim of the 5 Army, by its maneuver, again won the flank of the enemy and posed a serious threat to its messages. The enemy could not stay - and was thrown to the east. His attempts to return the strategically important point - the crossing to the city of Petropavlovsk - were unsuccessful and cost quite large losses.
Final and operation results
To ensure the success achieved by the 5 Army, an order was given to push the army forward.
The 54th Division followed, firmly securing the road going south in the vicinity of the settlement N.-Pokrovsky - sop. Dzhaman-Dzhangiz-tau, the main forces of the 4 of November go to the area of the settlement of Sasykulsky - peak. Jamantuz - Lake Jamanthus. The agents' data (rather dubious) indicated Dutov’s intention to form a detachment of 20000 people to strike the right flank of the 5 Army.
As a result, the commander instructed the 54 Division to cover the area of Aryk-Balykhskaya, Kokchetav, in order to find out the enemy’s forces and their grouping. For this, separate reconnaissance detachments were formed from infantry - and each of them was given the appropriate directions. For the speed of this task, the movement of units was carried out on carts.
26-th division should by the same time to go to the lake. Chagly (Teniz) - M. Barlabay - p. Poltava; cavdivisia - to fulfill the previous task, with the aim of further advancing in the direction of the village of Bolshe-Peschanskoe; 35-th division - go to the area p.p. M. Chulak - Sergievsky - Lake Bashkir; 27-th Division - on 2-th November change 35-th division on the line of the lake. Glinnoe - Lake M. Fish - Lake B. White and by the 4 of November to occupy the area of Art. Afternoon - d. Bugrovaya; 5-th division - occupy the area of Lake. Great Shelegino - Bushes Pictina - Usovo - Belyaevo.
Subsequent events in the main operational area along the Siberian Railway had the character of pursuit with constant coverage of the enemy's left flank. The enemy, pursued by the 5 Army, initially resisted, but subsequently began to retreat east to Omsk and south to Kokchetav.
In connection with the general advance of the 5 Army to the east, on the 25 October, the commander gave instructions to the Troitsky fortified area - by clicking on the enemy in the area of Semiozerny, to throw him south-east of the river. Ashe Bui. The red parts of the 25 of October occupied the settlement of Semiozerny (95 km southeast of the city of Kustanai) and began to pursue in a southerly direction. The enemy, as part of the 35 th reserve and plastun regiments, with 1000 sabers, 20 machine guns and 2 guns, retreated through the Abagan ford towards Kara-Suli.
Thus, the Peter and Paul operation ended with the 5 Army entering the area lying on 40 - 45 km east and southeast of the r. Ishim. This ensured the possession of the named river strip and acquired freedom of maneuvering.
The army, having met after crossing the river. Tobol resistance of the enemy, energetic and decisive action defeated him and forced him to retreat. At first it was slow, and then turned into a general hasty withdrawal of the enemy along the entire front line.
The best confirmation of the productivity of the operations of the 5 Army is the intercepted order to the troops of the Ural Group from October 19 No. 205. It says the following: “In recent days, the enemy, using night time, has been trying to strike us, sending small, but apparently quite strong units for this purpose. The actions of these units are directly magnificent: art and courage are fully visible here. With a feeling of bitterness at the same time, I should note that the actions of these units are almost always crowned with success. ”
Noteworthy is the speed of advance of the 5 Army, which overcame the 250 km with stubborn oncoming fights and with the forcing of two large rivers - Tobol and Ishim - within two weeks.
All formations of the 5 Army (except for the 54 Army and Cavalry Divisions) showed their worth.
Thus, after an operative pause of 2 - 14 on October, regrouping and replenishing forces, the Eastern Front (67 thousand bayonets and sabers against 61 thousand among whites) launched a new offensive - and in early November went to the border of the river. Ishim.
As a result, having lost up to 50% of the composition and leaving a significant part of the territory of Western Siberia, the white troops retreated to Omsk. The Soviet troops completely deprived A.V. Kolchak of hope for the return of the lost strategic initiative and the opportunity to help the armies of the All-Ukrainian Union of Lenin A. Denikin.
The operation took place on more than 400-km front (on 250 - 280 km in depth). She was distinguished by highly maneuverable actions in difficult conditions of a rapidly changing operational-tactical situation. The Soviet troops skillfully used decisive forms of maneuver in the offensive, and in the defense relied on advantageous natural boundaries, delivering counterattacks.
- Oleynikov Alexey
- Peter and Paul operation 1919 of the year. Fracture
Take a fork. 5 Army jerk from the Tobol River
Battle of Western Siberia. Peter and Paul operation 1919 of the year
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