Natural selection of domestic tank

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Our national school of tank design knows unconditional triumphs and dead ends, but always remains true to itself and is looking for its own way. This time, the crew of the Polygon program of the T24 TV channel went to the Patriot Park to study history war machines and watch them in action.





Combat T-34


The first in line is the most massive medium tank of the times of World War II - the T-34. When it was created, the experience of using Soviet tanks T-26 and BT-5 in the Spanish Civil War, where the light armor of these vehicles was easily penetrated by quick-firing guns. It became clear that the army needed a medium high-speed tank with powerful armor protection and weapons. This concept was first implemented in 1934. T-34 was a harmonious combination of all the combat properties of the tank: mobility, armor protection and firepower. This set of excellent combat qualities allowed the "thirty-four" to win battles against German tanks of a similar class. The main feature of the car is its armor protection. The armor plates in it are located at an angle of 45 °, which significantly increased the survival of the combat vehicle on the battlefield. By the way, a similar concept is still applied. An important advantage of the T-34 was also a high cross-country ability and maneuverability. It is worth noting that not a single Russian tank further had such a test of its combat qualities as the T-34.

Postwar generation


In the post-war years, new military equipment was required, and the tension in world politics at that time only stimulated engineers for the caliber race and forced them to increase engine power. And if, in the first post-war generation of tanks, the developers, as a rule, corrected the errors of the previous models, the second required radical changes. Thus, in our country, there were three combat vehicles, fundamentally different from each other in their power characteristics.

The first tank of the three second-generation T-64 went through a thorny path to its best shape: the main complaints of the developers concerned the engine, which required a long warm-up in the cold season, the running gear, which worked for wear and the not quite successful arrangement of the ammunition in the conveyor, which turned the turret tank in a powder keg. But, despite this, the T-64 body was taken as the basis for the next combat vehicle - the T-72 tank. When developing the latter, the task was to increase the power of its power plant. The machine received "cross-pollination", taking the undercarriage from another experimental medium tank. The torsion bar suspension with original lever-blade hydraulic shock absorbers made the move smooth, which in the future allowed to increase the weight of the machine. As in the previous tank, composite materials were used in the T-72, which made it possible to make armor more stable without increasing weight. It was a three-layer construction. The first layer is steel armor, 80mm thick, the second is fiberglass, 105 mm thick, and the last, lower layer is steel, 20 mm thick. Such protection is equivalent to conventional steel armor, 410 mm thick. For comparison, the thickness of the T-34 armor was 45 mm. Having become a universal platform for a whole family of heavy vehicles, including civil ones, the T-72 has passed the test of time and is still valued all over the world. This formidable fighter does not slow down and even got into the Guinness Book of Records as the most massive tank.

Another post-war generation combat vehicle is the T-80 tank, which is fundamentally different from its previous counterparts. For the first time, a gas turbine engine was installed on it, the main feature of which is the operational combat readiness of the engine. Even in the most terrible cold after 45 seconds, it will be launched, and in just a few minutes the tank is ready to move in low gear. But even here there are some nuances: the cost of fuel is colossal, and in high-altitude conditions the engine no longer has enough air to pump, and it also does not do well in high dustiness. All this forced to abandon the breakthrough T-80.

Heavy artillery


The next fighter who adopted the successful and unsuccessful experience of his predecessors was the T-90 tank, designed to destroy the enemy’s armored and manpower. The car has significantly increased the speed of rotation of the tower. The firing range has reached 5 km, and thanks to a modern thermal sight, the tank can fire at night at a distance of up to 3,5 km. In addition, the steel fighter received a built-in dynamic protection of the new sample and a complex of optical-electronic suppression.

Tank "Armata", aka T-14 - the newest tank on the basis of a universal platform, which will be introduced into the troops everywhere. This is, above all, the leader of the pack. He can not only control ground vehicles, but also transmit data on the situation to the crews of helicopters. The car has a lot of innovations: built-in drone, ultraviolet hd-cameras, active protection complex and multi-layered ceramic reservation.
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    28 comments
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    1. +3
      29 July 2019 14: 15
      We have excellent armored vehicles, there would still be enough money for all Wishlist!
      1. -2
        29 July 2019 14: 39
        just enough for a small series, until Putin says they’ll start building
        1. +1
          29 July 2019 18: 27
          Quote: Vasily Ponomarev
          just enough for a small series, until Putin says they’ll start building

          For the T-14, you need to train tankers, and techies too. Well, now they will drive the series in the 2000 T-14 so what? They will stand in the hangars, as there is no maintenance, no tankers for them now. A small party makes it possible to gradually introduce a tank into the troops, to train personnel and tank crews, while continuing to rivet the T-90, which are familiar and run-in.
    2. The comment was deleted.
    3. +4
      29 July 2019 14: 20
      Rattling fire, sparkling with the brilliance of steel
      Cars go on a furious hike!
    4. +21
      29 July 2019 14: 35
      The first layer is steel armor, 80mm thick, the second - glass, 105 mm thick,

      Not glass, but fiberglass, which is sooooo big difference.
      The author again, unfortunately, is not a reader, but a writer.
      1. +8
        29 July 2019 14: 58
        The author wanted to surprise everyone, and you like that in a basin of ink ...
      2. -4
        29 July 2019 15: 51
        Readers WRITERS can read and write anything. No one will ever know the truth. How does the armor really work? Steel, fiberglass, fiberglass and their thickness and the main composition. And the technologies like this or something else combine, the secret behind seven seals.
        1. +3
          29 July 2019 22: 28
          This "secret with seven seals" is a secret only until the first clashes or before the first sample, which fell into the hands of the enemy (or "partners")!
          For example, in the Donbass there were a lot of exploded T-64 tanks, with the frontal hull sheet uncovered by the explosion ("LD-Frontal Detail"). Even "secret" wooden blocks, spacers between the textolite plates, were found inside, between the sheets of steel armor!
          Therefore, the Soviet Union initially supplied seventy-two vehicles for export without the “combined” armor of the hull.
          And the "eighty", for which the American special services for so many years without result, hunted, they only under the corrupt Yeltsin government, already in the "holy gangster-thieves 90s", directly from Russia, together with "Msta", on a transport plane was dragged to their Aberdeen test site and "stripped" there to a screw-carried out a comprehensive analysis of structural materials and "reengineering"!
          That Yeltsin's "kindness" then backfired on Russian tank builders, when trying to sell abroad these tanks, American "partners", as "thorough experts of Russian tanks", skillfully inflated the identified or "sucked from the finger" shortcomings, keeping silent or leveling, in the eyes potential buyers, the merits of the "reactive" Russian "T-80" and "to the skies" extolled any "competitive advantages" of their "reactive" "Abrams", cunningly hushing up the shortcomings!
          1. -2
            30 July 2019 03: 38
            Not only Americans criticize the T-80
            Quote:
            "The fuel costs are colossal, and in high-altitude conditions the engine no longer has enough air for injection, and besides, it does not cope well in high dust conditions. All this forced us to abandon the breakthrough T-80."


            Or maybe the designer did a poor job of R&D?
        2. KCA
          +1
          30 July 2019 05: 09
          Fiberglass and epoxy resin, a composite which is already under 100 years old, was perfectly mastered in the USSR, starting from sports equipment and ending with airplanes, even now not forgotten, minesweepers are building from fiberglass. Textolite / fiberglass, I do not think that they were used as armor, brittle, not viscous, here fiberglass with a compound is weight
          1. +2
            30 July 2019 07: 07
            Quote: KCA
            here is fiberglass with compound

            This is also fiberglass, oddly enough. There is fiberglass, as a basis - always, binders can be different.

            Quote: KCA
            fragile, not viscous

            Try to break with a hammer, for example, a fiberglass plate with millimeters 5 thick. Then share your impressions.
            1. KCA
              +1
              30 July 2019 07: 58
              Yes, it’s easy, now I don’t see fiberglass, and as a child they often hooligans, at times the fiberglass beat with a hammer, maybe the military was much stronger, but I didn’t come across it, but I met fiberglass with epoxy, and, apparently, it was glued compound, cheap for the citizen, and better for the army
              1. +2
                15 August 2019 19: 54
                Most likely you as a child chopped Getinax with a hammer. Well, that one is fragile, but damn cheap. And 5 mm fiberglass can be hammered for a very long time. I confirm. )))
      3. +1
        30 July 2019 00: 40
        And I already started to use it, that's what the "trick" was wassat
      4. sen
        0
        30 July 2019 06: 16
        Fiberglass textolite? Maybe Kevlar?
        1. KCA
          0
          30 July 2019 08: 02
          And Kevlar? There is textolite, there is fiberglass, textolite with the addition of fiberglass, and Kevlar is pure fiber
          1. sen
            +1
            30 July 2019 15: 20
            I worked with fiberglass: perfectly drilled, chopped, cut. Another thing is Kevlar, hardened after impregnation with resin.
    5. +6
      29 July 2019 15: 54
      [quoteТ-80, which is fundamentally different from its previous counterparts. For the first time, a gas turbine engine was installed on it, the main feature of which is the operational combat readiness of the engine. Even in the most severe frost in 45 seconds, it will be launched, and in just a few minutes the tank is ready for movement in low gear. But here there are some nuances: the fuel costs are enormous, and in high altitude conditions the engine already does not have enough air to pump, moreover, it copes poorly with high dust content. All this forced to abandon the breakthrough T-80.] [/ Quote] And it was not at all because of the indicated qualities that the gas turbine engine appeared on the tank And because of the high specific power, easily resolved multi-fuel and the absence of direct mechanical connection between the turbine shaft and the POWER turbine shaft. Which greatly facilitates control and simplifies the transmission. And about the huge fuel consumption compared to diesel engines, YOUR TALES! Yes, it is larger, but only in a narrow range. But not an order of magnitude and not at times! And oil consumption is so miserable! Although it is synthetics. And about launching in the cold, let the author of the article try to get the T-80 after a long downtime with the dead batteries))) The same thing with the POWDER barrel due to WRONG ammunition! The polyc under the gunner’s legs in the t-72 is only 150 mm higher than in the t-64 and t-80; otherwise, there would be nowhere to put the legs. Because the projectile lies over the charge in the conveyor. In the MOH of sixty-four and eighty, the projectile lies in the tray almost above the floor of the fighting compartment — about 8 cm, and the charge — at a right angle, with the pallet up — And there is almost no difference in height! The lower surface of the projectile and charge is on the same line. Despite the fact that at the Tagil AZ, the gap between the carousel and the floor is about 40 mm. The fallen cartridge case is already stopping her, and the cartridge box from the PKT is even more so! And the number of flying towers in the war in the Donbass, alas, is the same. What 72, what 64.
      1. KCA
        0
        30 July 2019 05: 14
        You are probably familiar with the technique, explain to the fool why helicopter turbines spin up long before takeoff, at -30 in a couple of hours, and the same (almost) turbines on the T-80 in 45 seconds? I’m not joking, I just don’t understand
        1. +1
          31 July 2019 11: 09
          Maybe because after 45 seconds, as the article says, the tank is ready to move in low gear. Those. the turbine has not yet reached optimal operating conditions, but this is not critical for the tank. Crawling, but moving. A helicopter needs a greater supply of power and stability of the GTE during flight. He can’t take off so slowly on the lowered one.
          1. KCA
            +1
            31 July 2019 12: 10
            I see. Thanks
            1. 0
              4 August 2019 11: 19
              He froze stupidity! Tank GTD conditionally helicopter! Klimov’s design bureau did exactly the tank engine. Therefore, there is provided dust and vibration cleaning and self-cleaning filters and oil heating in sliding bearings. This is a single unit in which all mechanisms are compactly linked. And the vehicle itself, which perceives power, is not mechanically connected to the turbine in any way. And the mechanic’s tachometer clearly shows the exit to mode - and after that the machine is completely ready. And this is right after the end of the launch cycle.
    6. +5
      29 July 2019 16: 21
      Did the journalist write the article?)
      1. +3
        29 July 2019 22: 25
        Quote: Sancho_SP
        Did the journalist write the article?

        Yes, sometimes they do it ... but it would be better not to. Yes wassat
      2. 0
        14 August 2019 11: 19
        The armor plates in it are located at an angle of 45 °, which significantly increased the survival of the combat vehicle on the battlefield. By the way, a similar concept is still applied.

        what kind of tank is it equally armored from all sides? but in general, even earlier, even though now somewhere has a similar reservation concept been applied? It seems to me that the T-34 is the most unique tank in terms of booking, and if about 45 in the frontal and so on, there’s more mine, but outwardly beautiful
    7. 0
      29 July 2019 22: 12
      My opinion. T-14 Armata needed to be done (invented) immediately for the 152mm gun. The BC is smaller (put the scope better) - once hit (152mm) in Abrams = kayuk good
    8. +5
      30 July 2019 01: 20
      To have a Su-57, Armata, etc. in normal quantities, you need to have a normal economy, which is currently not possible with liberal monetarists at the helm of the economy. And now we are only doomed to listen to promises about Angara rockets, moon bases by 2026, etc. etc.
    9. 0
      24 August 2019 15: 41
      The article is absolutely about nothing ...

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