The beginning of the Second World War. Alternative Polish

Enemy at the doorstep

Summer 1939 of the year. Just recreated, as they say, with a pin, the German Wehrmacht has already focused on the borders of Poland. Hitler and his inner circle, who managed to get repeated carte blanche from the West both for the restoration of the armed forces and for territorial amendments to the Versailles Peace, have no doubt that nothing can stop the invasion of Polish territory.

Jozef Beck had no illusions about Germany, but ...

Even the USSR, which repeatedly offered Poland to come to an agreement, was neutralized by the notorious Ribbentrop-Molotov pact. However, in Warsaw they do not want to believe not only intelligence information, but also their own eyes. The Polish ambassador to Germany, Jozef Lipsky, since spring, has regularly bombarded with letters of the then Polish Foreign Minister, Jozef Beck, about "a detailed clarification to the German side of the many benefits of the joint military action of Germany and Poland against the USSR."

Even at the end of July 1939, when the mass repressions of the Nazis against the Poles in East Prussia, West Silesia and the former Czechoslovak-Polish border area sharply intensified, almost no one expressed concern among the Polish leaders. The heirs of Pan Pilsudski reassured themselves with the hope that Berlin was about to announce the alliance of Germany with Poland against the USSR.

More precisely, it was a preliminary joint military plan "Wschodni pytanie" ("Eastern Question"), which the general staffs of Poland and Germany jointly developed, albeit in general terms, by the end of the 1938 year. As a resident of Soviet foreign intelligence in Belarus during the war recalled, subsequently the head of the Polish Communist Party in 1948-56, Boleslav Bierut (1891-56), the "Eastern Question" plan envisaged, for example, joint military attacks on Minsk, Gomel, Zhytomyr and Kiev.

Autonomous Polish Kiev

It is clear that for this the Polish army simply passed German troops ... to the Polish-Soviet border. However, Berlin and Warsaw could not agree so: who and in what part of Soviet Ukraine will host. Contradictions sometimes took an absurd form. So, the leaders of the new Commonwealth sought as much as a free port in Odessa or, at least, in the Belgorod-Dniester.

Further - more, from Warsaw immediately, even at the stage of developing joint military plans, they demanded some kind of joint autonomy for the puppet power in Kiev. Autonomy is either from Warsaw, or from Berlin, but for some reason the Nazis immediately refused the Polish partners. Attempts by the pilots to persuade the Nazis to give up, or rather to “return” Lithuania to them, also failed. However, why did Berlin agree to transfer to Warsaw only its Kaunas region, which, however, could be regarded as unprecedented generosity. After all, Kaunas, the former township of Kovno from 1920 to 1939, was considered the capital of independent Lithuania.

Lithuania itself, in those conditions, acted much more decently. When the 10 of September 1939, taking into account the inevitable military defeat of Poland, the German Foreign Ministry unequivocally invited Lithuania to annex the Vilnius Region (now it has become the capital region for Lithuania), the Lithuanian authorities refused the “present” on the same day. But from there already on the eve of the Polish troops completely left. They prudently headed towards the Modlin Citadel, which was blocked by the Wehrmacht, located north of Warsaw).

The Lithuanian Foreign Ministry immediately hurried up with a statement about "the invariability of the position of neutrality in the German-Polish war." Nevertheless, in just a month and a little - in October 1939, after the defeat of Poland, Lithuania still received the long-suffering Vilna Territory. Which in the 1920 year, in the wake of triumphant euphoria, after defeating the Soviets, the Polish legionnaires quickly captured the envy of envy.

Berlin is my friend?

However, every single joint project with Berlin eventually went to dust. And this despite the fact that Warsaw, on the eve of Nazi aggression, as is well known, invariably flatly refused Soviet military assistance. In the same way, even before the signing of the notorious pact, the USSR was refused entry of Soviet troops to the Polish-Slovak and Polish-German borders.

Poland’s military attaché, General Tadeusz Mahalski, on behalf of Warsaw, tried to influence the Nazi leadership through the German ambassador to Turkey, ex-chancellor von Papen. The entire first half of September 1939, when the German Tanks already eager for Warsaw, Krakow and Danzig, Makhalsky convinced von Papen that the German aggression must be stopped, and at the moment it is much more advisable to have a Polish-German joint invasion of the USSR.

However, in Berlin they had already bitten a bit, having decided to accurately fulfill their obligations under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. But Makhalsky continued to unsuccessfully insist on the mediation of Turkey in the settlement of the Polish-German war. However, the Turkish authorities then preferred not to intervene at all. Moreover, as the then President of Turkey Ismet Inenu believed, the fate of Poland was predetermined by Germany long before the 1 of September 1939. And so it happened ...

During the Second World War, Ismet Inenu skillfully led Turkey through neutrality. In the photo - with F.D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill

However, on 26 on January 1939, German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, after meeting in Berlin with Polish Foreign Minister U. Beck, made the following entry for Hitler:

"Mr. Beck does not hide the fact that Poland still claims to Soviet Ukraine and access to the Black Sea. Believing that this can be achieved together with the Reich and even Romania, and the remaining issues can be decided on the basis of a compromise."

Such plans were fully reflected in the well-known conversation of Jozef Beck with Hitler in January 1938, which in many respects prompted the USSR to go on temporary cooperation with Hitler Germany.

Jozef Beck never persuaded Hitler to fight the USSR together

Incidentally, even in the official doctrine of the Polish General Staff, approved in November 1938, it was quite specifically said:

“The dismemberment of Russia lies at the heart of our policy in the East. Therefore, our possible position will be reduced to the following formula: who will specifically take part in the partition, and Poland should not remain passive in this wonderful historical moment. ... The challenge is to prepare well in advance physically and spiritually. The main goal is to weaken, defeat and divide Russia. ”

Moreover, Poland, counting on the implementation of the above plans, immediately recognized Germany’s rejection of the Memel region (Klaipeda region) from Germany at the end of March of the 1939, which completely deprived Kaunas of almost the entire Lithuanian part of the Baltic coast. Warsaw also did not slow to recognize the occupation in mid-March of Germany by 1939 “remaining” after the well-known, and with indirect Polish participation, Munich redistribution (1938) of Czechoslovakia.

Summing up, we note that Germany, with its traditional pedantry, surrounded Poland for a subsequent crushing blow to it. One should only be surprised that in Warsaw in the autumn of 1939, as they say, they were perplexed: for what? ..

The absurdity, or rather, suicide, of not only the mentioned, but also other large-scale Polish plans quite clearly manifested itself in September 1939. But even then, official Warsaw categorically refused to support the Polish anti-Nazi underground in the regions of Germany adjacent to Poland and in the "free city" of Danzig (Gdansk).

Comments

[Popov Konstantin Ivanovich]

So also psheki. As usual, they wanted and now want to enter paradise on someone else's mare. Then the strength and power of the Wehrmacht, now NATO. Yes, as long as the Rzeczpospolita has good ground forces, but in fact there is no fleet, the Air Force is categorically decreasing in size, and so on. Well, what to do with them, "Understand and Forgive" as usual. As Poland was once said, this is a political misunderstanding on the map of Europe, and to paraphrase the founders of MK, this is a sad reality given to us in our sensations. Let's wait until all the plumbers leave for Europe, when the vacated territory is occupied by people from the bandustans, then everything will become clearer. We already know how to fight terrorism, and there will be no need to adhere to European values.

[ssergey1978]

Kroilovo leads to the popalov.

[andrewkor]

The hyena of Europe turned out to be a tattered cat in comparison with the opponents in the Big Game.
And why should Germany share the skin of a Bear with some Hyena when it is possible, first of all, to remove the skin of this Hyena too!

[neri73-r]

Quote: andrewkor

And why should Germany share the skin of a Bear with some Hyena when it is possible, first of all, to remove the skin of this Hyena too!

They forgot to ask only the bear himself about his skin, the result - removed from both!

[svp67]

If anyone thinks that in the tragedy that began on September 1, 1939, Poland is an "innocent lamb" given up to be slaughtered by two "hardened wolves", Germany and the USSR, then he simply does not know the history of the state of Poland from 1918 to 1939. She systematically walked towards such a denouement, and got exactly what she deserved.

[Reptiloid]

Quote: svp67

If anyone believes ...... She systematically went to such an outcome, and received exactly what she deserved.

Who counts? Only the Poles, they think.
And us for cheek?

[svp67]

Quote: Reptiloid

Who counts? Only the Poles, they think.

Yes, unfortunately, but not only them. In Ukraine, I often heard this point of view, unfortunately in Russia, not a part of the population expresses such thoughts.

[Reptiloid]

Insignificant little people shit in the past of their country, But they don’t have and will not have another country. Historical events will avenge their slander

[Military Builder]

Worthless little people

but in Russia is not it? Until now, the Soviet past has been charmed at the official level, especially during the Stalin period, although the most tragic was Lenin's, but this is not very widely disseminated, since then even now the Jews were at the helm

[Krasnodar]

Yeah)). Look at the administration of the region in which you live, as well as at the prosecutor's office, the Federal Security Service, the Investigative Committee, the police? Do you find many Jews there? At the helm in the country are former communists, with party or other functionaries, among whom there were no representatives of the peoples of the USSR in Bratsk. )))
Whether it’s the case in the United States - there are many of us at the helm

[pmkemcity]

Sorry oh so much!

[Krasnodar]

In the Krasnodar Territory did not meet a single

[Reptiloid]

And I also had them in mind, as Sergey wrote above.
On this occasion, there is a theory of a German pastor. Bible words.

[insafufa]

We all went to what we came to and got exactly what we deserved

[Olgovich]

Makhalsky convinced von Papen that the German aggression must be stopped, and at the moment it is much more advisable to Polish-German joint invasion of the USSR.
However, in Berlin they had already bitten a bit, having decided to accurately fulfill their obligations under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact.

And what about the Pact?
The decision on the occupation of Poland was made by Germany long before him

Even the USSR, which repeatedly offered Poland to agree, neutralized the notorious Ribbentrop-Molotov pact.

What is neutralized from? The USSR did not have a single obligation to help Poland, and Poland was categorically against such assistance.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Olgovich

What is neutralized from? The USSR did not have a single obligation to help Poland

Well, the USSR in those days was unpredictable, which was what the closest neighbors feared, and the Germans feared that Stalin, not paying attention to the lack of relevant treaties, would begin to help the victim of the aggressor. After all, the German General Staff could not have been unaware of the repeated offer of assistance from the USSR both Czechoslovakia and Poland. But at that time the Wehrmacht had neither the strength nor the desire to fight against the Red Army.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

Well, the USSR in those days was unpredictable, which was what the closest neighbors feared

These are all modern Western tales about the history of the 30s. If we consider the actions of the USSR from the point of view of its interests, then everything becomes clear. The USSR needed peace at all costs, and everyone knew that. not everyone wanted the development of the economy in the USSR at the pace that had been gained. Therefore, the growing military threat was from Europe, but not from the USSR.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

Therefore, the growing military threat was from Europe, but not from the USSR.

I am about the unpredictability of Soviet policy, and not about a direct threat.

Quote: Den717

If we consider the actions of the USSR

in foreign policy, it is clearly visible. And naturally, the USSR acted in terms of its interests, but whose else.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

I'm about the unpredictability of Soviet policy

What is this unpredictability in your opinion?

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

What is this unpredictability in your opinion?

Well, this is not only my opinion, the correspondence of the Foreign Ministries of European countries at that time speaks about this. As for my point of view, for example, the development of relations between the USSR and Germany (Nazi), from irreconcilable enmity to cooperation, or a change in the course of foreign policy from the "world revolution" to cooperation with the countries of the world bourgeoisie. I do not judge whether it is good or bad, but among European countries this caused some caution in relations with the USSR.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

Well, this is not only my opinion, the correspondence of the European Foreign Ministries of that time speaks about this

The British dominated European politics at the time. Chamberlain was an outspoken enemy of the USSR and did not hesitate to declare this out loud. How else to justify in the eyes of European countries, especially France, their enmity? Yes, only by the threat of a world revolution from the USSR. And with cooperation with the Germans, everything is quite clear. Two European outcasts, the USSR and Germany, could find salvation only in each other's arms. What's so surprising? But since 1929, when “someone” began to pump money into the National Socialists in Germany, it became clear, at least to the Soviet leadership, that war was inevitable and Germany was designated a ram. From there, and industrialization with collectivization at a particularly rapid pace. Remember Stalin's statement - "we will not be in time ........ in 10 years, they will crush us." Therefore, I would not attribute the unpredictability to the Soviets, Stalin reacted to the attacks of European politics. And, as subsequent events say, he was almost not mistaken. This was what alarmed our then "partners". And if Hitler back in 1938 planned to start an eastern campaign against the USSR in 1942-43, then something or someone changed his plans and accelerated events. And this is clearly not Stalin. So, if we talk about unpredictability, or better about double-dealing, it is about the politicians of Europe. And today everything is about the same. Putin's unpredictability is broadcast only as cover reasons for NATO expansion and sanctions against Russia. No more.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

The politics of Europe at that time were run by the British.

this is indisputable, England then ruled the world, but you are not conducting the discussion in the right way, you are trying to convince me of the correctness of the course taken by the USSR, but I, speaking about the "unpredictability" of the policy of the USSR, wrote how the foreign ministries of Western European states reasoned, and here is my modest person absolutely nothing to do with it, they made their conclusions and decisions regardless of me.

Quote: Den717

And if in 1938 Hitler was planning to start the eastern campaign against the USSR in 1942-43, then something or someone changed his plans and accelerated the events. And this is clearly not Stalin.

here I definitely disagree, the accelerated development of the USSR, especially in the military sphere, and the plans for the complete rearmament of the army by 1942 (what a coincidence in the plans) do not suggest the idea of ​​postponing such plans to an earlier date? And then, the rather aggressive policy of the USSR (in the opinion of the West) towards its neighbors (Finland, the Baltic states, Romania and Poland). As a result of all this, a paradoxical situation developed, the USSR could not, on its own initiative, take the side of the states - victims of German aggression, as it was afraid to become an object of attack from the allies of the same victims of German aggression, despite the fact that it was already fighting against Germany. I had to wait for Germany to "start by itself."

Quote: Den717

And with cooperation with the Germans, it’s clear enough. Two European outcasts, the USSR and Germany, could find salvation only in each other's arms. What's so surprising?

I would understand if these "outcasts" entered into a military alliance against the Franco-British coalition, and it was just a non-aggression pact, nevertheless, Great Britain, even with the threat of defeat, did not make a deal with Germany.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

but I, speaking about the "unpredictability" of the policy of the USSR, wrote how the foreign ministries of Western European states reasoned

I tell you the same. "Discussions about the unpredictability of the Soviets" I perceive only as a cover for the West for their mercantile plans. About the same as the US struggle for the "supremacy of democracy" in the world, especially where it smells of oil.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

"Discussions about the unpredictability of the Soviets" I perceive only as a cover for the West for their mercantile plans.

and again, I can’t agree with you unequivocally, all countries had, are and will be in all countries, the question is how these plans are being implemented, and the states that, after signing mutual assistance treaties with the USSR, suddenly became its republics occasion for such reasoning.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

and the states that, after signing mutual assistance treaties with the USSR, suddenly became its republics, giving rise to such reasoning.

Yes of course. And the Sudetenland and Austria, with the permission of the same brigade of observers of the implementation of the Versailles Treaty, are simply the embodiment of transparency and consistency. Is the naval agreement between the Britons and the Germans also a standard of predictability? By this parameter, then everyone corresponded to each other. The Britons of the same francs were led by the nose like bulls on a string. And this was the norm of conduct for England, which claimed world domination. She behaved with allies in the same way as the United States today. The methods of using "friends" were not invented today or yesterday. To believe in the intentions of politicians expressed in correspondence with each other is the height of frivolity. But if you want to see the USSR as the most "frostbitten" political actor of those years, who can forbid you?

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

And the Sudetenland and Austria

is that us too ???

Quote: Den717

And that was England's norm of conduct

England was far away, "beyond the lamanche", and the USSR, here it is next

Quote: Den717

A maritime agreement Brit with the Germans

so he was imprisoned in the 35th, and the USSR opposed fascism in the 36th, and in the 38th the Germans suddenly abruptly stopped abusing the central newspapers and the horned targets disappeared during the shooting (according to the memoirs of veterans)
I tell you again, this discussion is meaningless, while you stand on the position, "he is like that", the USSR at that time, unlike other European countries, except Germany, as you correctly put it, was an outcast, Russia was always feared because of her scale and nobody's "unpredictable behavior" in Europe did not worry Europeans (but the beginning of the spread of the German Reich) as the behavior of the USSR. This is their position, I don't need to prove anything.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

is that us too ???

No. I mean that in the behavior of every country, including those who expressed "concern" about the unpredictability of the USSR's policy, there were no less "unpredictable" actions. And don't think that we should have been holier than the Pope. In fact, all four of the main geopolitical players in Europe fully imagined and predicted the actions of their opponents. Only Poles could think that they had saddled God. So they "got" with their noble arrogance.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

And do not think that we should have been holier than the Pope.

I’m not talking about this, I don’t evaluate the foreign policy of the USSR, the question was why the events before the war in Europe developed like that, so I tried to explain, from the point of view of their Foreign Ministries, without giving any assessments to them or to us

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

I am not talking about that

You originally said that they in the West were afraid of the unpredictability of the USSR. I think that they were not afraid of anything. They themselves were even more unpredictable and behaved like cheaters at a card table, trying to trick all other players. So they played it out. Europeans played, and the United States broke the bank. By the way, and they were active in those games no less than Europeans.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

I think that they were not afraid of anything.

Great Britain and France may — yes, the Poles, Bulgarians, Czechs, well, in general, small Eastern Europeans were feared.

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

Poles, Bulgarians, Czechs, well, in general small-fry Eastern European feared

And there was nothing to fear from that. The Poles, as the eternal enemies of Russia, negotiated with the Germans with might and main to participate in the division of the USSR. The Czechs were more afraid of the Germans and the Poles, and quite rightly so. They hoped for guarantees from the French, but they threw them. The Soviets could have helped without the French, but the Poles + Romanians blocked the passage for us in the emergency, for which Beck asked for guarantees from Hitler for support in case of complications with the USSR and received the same promises ... The Germans simply outbid the Bulgarians. By the way, they were the only Axis participants who did not break off diplomatic relations with the USSR. What fears can we talk about? During a period of great turbulence, small countries are forced to "lie down" under the big players in order to preserve at least the name. Brute physical strength is the uncrowned queen of the world .... So it was, and so it will be.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

Brute physical strength is the uncrowned queen of the world .... So it was, and it will be so.

themselves and answered all fell under the Germans and the Anglo-Saxons with the French, because the USSR was afraid

Quote: Den717

The Germans simply outbid the Bulgarians. What concerns can we talk about?

There, Tsar Boris is in power, but somehow with the kings of the USSR he didn’t really stand on ceremony

Quote: Den717

The Poles, like the eternal enemies of Russia, were in full agreement with the Germans

that’s why they agreed that the USSR was afraid, do you think they love the Germans, who, together with the Russians, speak about the Commonwealth Derbanili?

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

because the USSR was afraid

Maybe I will tell you a military secret, but in geopolitics, in relations between states, no one is afraid of anyone and is not afraid of anything. At those levels, they assess risks and develop measures to counter the threats of undesirable events. About the fact that some politician was frightened of something there, journalists write for ignorant passers-by. Loud epithets are needed to attract attention, to highlight your article from a mass of similar ones. Do you think that they were feared in the West of the USSR? Well, for God's sake, think. Anyway, what has already happened cannot be changed.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Den717

nobody is afraid of anything and is not afraid of anyone.

Quote: Den717

Loud epithets are needed to attract attention, to highlight your article from a mass of similar ones.

how you famously signed for everyone, well,

Quote: Den717

for God's sake think

[Den717]

Quote: Pedrodepackes

how you famously signed for everyone, well,

You have mentioned the fearful Poland here. So in 1938, when they were going to sign a collective security treaty, the Poles refused to sign under the pretext of the spacecraft’s absolute inability to fulfill the obligations of the treaty due to its extreme illiteracy and sky readiness. And already in October 1938, Beck turned to Hitler for support in case of problems with the USSR. As a military man, what information from Poland do you trust more? And so it is everywhere.
Regarding high-profile epithets, there are close people who studied journalism at a metropolitan university, they teach this there as a specialty .... Nobody canceled marketing. This is not for you the media of the Soviet period, when an article in a newspaper, according to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR, was the reason for initiating a criminal case.

[LeonidL]

The eternal hatred of the loser and the loser for the successful winner, the lackeys stuck to the master puppeteer. Nothing changed.

[Nitochkin]

"It became difficult for me in Poland. Cold and deceitful people live there. I did not know their serpentine tongue. Everyone hiss ... What are hissing? It was God who gave them such a serpentine tongue for being deceitful."
Maxim Gorky, “Old Woman Izergil”

[Military Builder]

Immediately I remembered Alexander III: ... "only the army and the navy" ..., all the rest are friends for money, stopped paying, or rather maintain, from a friend automatically turned into an oppressor, an occupier, and more ... whom

[Jarserge]

Poland, as in the 30s of the 20th century, and now considers itself almost a decisive player in big politics. This was and is the mistake of Polish politicians, Poland is not a player but a puppet of stronger and more cynical players in the international arena. That is why Poland gets some money and is being patted on the head, which causes a painful euphoria among the Polish elite. And everything is much simpler, Poland was used in the 20th century, it is still used now and then it will be abandoned as used .......... as it was abandoned in 1939

[Sky-75]

When big uncles play politics, the pygmies have nothing to do there

[Moskovit]

Poland during WWII played a game with big uncles and got a hat. Now, again, trying to get between the US and Russia. Fort Trump to build, to lure more Americans. Probably wants to get it again.

[Andrey]

Thanks for the interesting article!

[Operator]

On January 26 of 1934, a German-Polish non-aggression pact was concluded, to which was attached a secret protocol. Supporters of a military-political alliance with France in the Polish government handed over the text of the protocol to French diplomats in Warsaw.
The French government leaked information to the press - on April 18, 1935, the Parisian newspaper Bourbonnais republicain published a French translation of the secret protocol. On April 20, 1935, the Soviet newspapers Pravda and Izvestia published a Russian translation of the secret protocol:

"1. The high contracting parties undertake to agree on all issues that may entail international obligations for either side, and to pursue a constant policy of effective cooperation.
2. Poland in its external relations undertakes not to take any decisions without coordination with the German government, and also to observe the interests of this government in all circumstances.
3. In the event of international events threatening the status quo, the high contracting parties undertake to communicate with each other in order to agree on measures that they find useful to take.
4. High contracting parties pledge to unite their military, economic and financial forces to repel any unprovoked attack and provide support in the event that one of the parties is attacked.
5. The Polish government is committed to ensuring the free passage of German troops on its territory in the event that these troops are called upon to repel a provocation from the east or from the northeast.
6. The German government undertakes to guarantee by all means at its disposal that the Polish borders are inviolable against all aggression.
7. High contracting parties undertake to take all measures of an economic nature that can represent common and private interests and that can enhance the effectiveness of their common defensive means.
8. This treaty will remain in force for two years from the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification. It will be considered renewed for the same period in the event that neither of the two governments denounces it with a warning 6 months before the expiration of this period. As a consequence, each government will have the right to denounce it by means of a declaration 6 months before the expiration of the full period of two years. "

No protests by the Foreign Ministries of Germany and Poland in response to the publication of the secret protocol followed.

After the outbreak of war with Germany on September 1, 1939, the Polish government hoped that the Wehrmacht would operate under a secret protocol and use Poland as a transit state on the way to the Soviet border, but the Germans did not bother with treaty obligations with the "hyena of Europe" (Winston Churchill) ...

[Artashes]

The Russian authorities are afraid to remind such facts to Poland (not only Poland). In order not to irritate the West even more. In general, the paid-for withdrawal of the USSR from Eastern Europe is an outstanding crime of the Soviet authorities. With the complete silence of the "tortured", "unhappy" army, as the commanders of the expelled troops from the "fraternal" countries are now shedding tears.

[Jurkovs]

Summer 1939 years.

It all started much earlier and a bit wrong.
December 1938, a change in the rhetoric of Berlin regarding the corridor with East Prussia.
March 1939 the formation of the Anglo-Franco-Polish coalition and the emergence of the Zahud plan of the Polish General Staff, after which Hitler quickly and completely wrote off Poland from possible allies.
March 23, 1939 Poland began a secret mobilization (1 million people).
On March 28, an enraged Hitler announced the invalidity of the Nonaggression Pact with Poland.
June 15, Hitler approves Weiss.
On August 30, 1939, general mobilization in Poland was announced and began. In fact, 1,2 million people managed to get weapons, but did not manage to take part in the battles and hid in the forests. They became active only after the Red Army entered Poland in 1944 in the form of the Ludova Army.
On August 31 early in the morning, Hitler signed Directive No. 1, which established that the attack on Poland should begin at 4.45 am on September 1, 1939.
September 1, 1939 Wehrmacht invasion of Poland.
On September 10, the commander-in-chief of the Polish army, Edward Rydz-Smigly, issued the final order.
On September 14, the encirclement of Warsaw ended.
On September 17, 1939, the Polish government fled to Romania.
So the stupid Poles did not seek to push the war away from themselves, but simply pushed Germany to an early attack, which was all that was needed.

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Jurkovs

It all started much earlier and a bit wrong.
December 1938, a change in the rhetoric of Berlin regarding the corridor with East Prussia.

and what they (Poles) had to do after that. In the east of the USSR, to which the Poles drove a wave from the very founding of Poland as an independent state, from the west the Germans who put forward claims on Polish lands, there are no allies (Czechoslovakia was torn with the help of the same Poles). So they rushed to the Franco-Anglo-Saxons, but they were far away. Here, do not dig a hole for yourself ...

[Alexey RA]

Quote: Jurkovs

On August 30, 1939, general mobilization in Poland was announced and began.

Hehehehe ... August 30, 1939 was only issued an order to the armies and operational groups of the first echelon to occupy the starting position.
And mobilization in Poland began earlier - already from March 1939.

The hidden mobilization deployment of the Polish forces, which began on March 23, 1939, affected 4 infantry divisions and 1 cavalry brigade, formations were strengthened in a number of districts, and directorates of four armies and one operational group were created. These events were based on the mobilization plan “W” of April 1938, which provided for secret mobilization in peacetime. On August 13-18, a mobilization of another 9 units was announced, and from August 23 a covert mobilization of the main forces began. The regrouping of troops envisaged by the strategic deployment plan began on August 26, when an order was received to advance the mobilized formations to the intended concentration areas. The order to the armies and operational groups of the first echelon to occupy the starting position was issued on August 30.

© Meltyuhov

[Pedrodepackes]

Quote: Alexey RA

And mobilization in Poland began earlier - already from March 1939.

so Jurkovs he writes

Quote: Jurkovs

March 23, 1939 Poland began a secret mobilization (1 million people).

This is a hidden mobilization, a limited number of troops, and universal

Quote: Jurkovs

On August 30, 1939, general mobilization in Poland was announced and began.

no contradiction

[bubalik]

,,, that's what the Germans themselves said about the Poles.

site "feat of the people"

[Procyon lotor]

But why write about something that was not there or is it simple to distort the event. It was not Jozef Beck who persuaded Hitler to fight with the USSR, but Hitler and Ribbentrop, in the course of negotiations with Beck, tried to captivate him with the possibility of a military alliance between Poland and Germany against the USSR.
Further more. For example, you can find out what kind of "official doctrine of the Polish General Staff" where it was said that "The dismemberment of Russia is the basis of our policy in the East." This phrase can be found in the material "Miscalculations of the Polish political leadership of 1934-1939" on the website runivers.ru, as a cutout from the report of the intelligence department of the main headquarters of the Polish troops, but again there are no references to the original materials.
The same applies to the "Eastern Question" plan, which Poland and Germany allegedly developed.

[hohol95]

Soon Romania will achieve "justification" for its "exploits" on the territory of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War!
aif.ru
George Zotov
"The Fuhrer is a good guy." How Hitler's Allies Distort History

Mihai Dimitrescu, a 28-year-old history teacher from a secondary school in Bucharest, is an example of an intellectual: stylish glasses, a beard “under Trotsky”, he pronounces words softly and politely. “I don’t think Romania is to blame for the invasion of the USSR,” he explains, smiling. - After all, the Russians took our Bessarabia in 1940, this is ordinary self-defense. Yes, Marshal Antonescu took the side of Hitler, but the Romanians did not commit war crimes. ” - "Oh really? I object. “Romanian soldiers shot 100 civilians in Odessa in just a month, while tens of thousands of Jews were killed in Romania and 11 Roma were killed in camps.” Teacher Dimitrescu shakes his head in the negative: “Soviet propaganda. Some cases of executions took place, but on the whole everything is greatly exaggerated - an outright Bolshevik lie. ”

[Vitaly Tsymbal]

Interesting article, thanks to the author! Only it is not clear why, dear author, he did not mention the role of the British as the main "doping" of the gentry self-confidence. This is probably why the texture is perceived from one perspective.

[Denis Medveezhikoff]

Europe's main hyena Poland? For me, Czechoslovakia. Although they love to whitewash her and expose her fluffy. I would like to read about her

[Doliva63]

Quote: Military Builder

Worthless little people

but in Russia is not it? Until now, the Soviet past has been charmed at the official level, especially during the Stalin period, although the most tragic was Lenin's, but this is not very widely disseminated, since then even now the Jews were at the helm

The Leninist period is a civil period, which was unleashed by whites (all of a sudden, no one knows), this is the NEP, this is the creation of the Union. Where is the tag?

[Kronos]

This man turned on the Jews

[Doliva63]

Quote: Artashes

The Russian authorities are afraid to remind such facts to Poland (not only Poland). In order not to irritate the West even more. In general, the paid-for withdrawal of the USSR from Eastern Europe is an outstanding crime of the Soviet authorities. With the complete silence of the "tortured", "unhappy" army, as the commanders of the expelled troops from the "fraternal" countries are now shedding tears.

Who is the Soviet authorities - Gorbi, or what? Starting with Andropov, there was nothing Soviet there.

[Colonel]

Well said

Even the USSR, which repeatedly offered Poland to come to an agreement, was neutralized by the notorious Ribbentrop-Molotov pact.

[Alex1117]

it’s a civil one, which was unleashed by whites (all of a sudden, someone does not know)

That is, according to your logic, the civil war in Ukraine was unleashed by the Donetsk and Luhansk "separatists"?

[Molot1979]

I always believed that Poland in the ranks of the anti-Hitler coalition was a random phenomenon. In the same way, the current Polish leadership is confident that September 1939 is a fateful combination of circumstances, a huge misunderstanding and a historical mistake. And so the Polish army was supposed to march on Moscow in the same row with the Wehrmacht. One of the main reasons for this is the Gdansk issue. In those days, Danzig was not a Polish city at all, but a free one, under the leadership of the League of Nations. But the Germans always considered him to be their own and most of the inhabitants of Danzig agreed with this. All Adolf Aloisovich needed was for the Poles to recognize the German affiliation of the port and provide an extraterritorial route to it. it was here that the pans rested their horn on the ground. But it was such a trifle against the background of other things. In general, the Heroes of Panam cut off their ears in the end.
And a comment to the author: Poland’s participation in the partition of Czechoslovakia was by no means indirect. After all, the Teshinsky region was occupied by Polish troops. And not indirectly, but in a real physical way. Which, incidentally, removes the question, something the Poles did not want to let the Red Army to the German border. Yes, just then the Poles were preparing themselves to nibble a piece from the Czechs. But under the Union, they preferred to remain silent about this episode, preserving the pride of socialist Poland. As a result, the stubbornness of the Poles received no explanation at all.

[zenion]

Goebbels told the Führer, the Poles climbed into Tesin. The Führer reassured him - this Teshin will crawl out of them sideways. Indeed, it was easier to strip the Polish army apart.

[Doliva63]

Quote: Kronos

This man turned on the Jews

Clear.

[bratchanin3]

Poles, as usual, raked in full! They walked their entire history too broadly and wanted a lot. An eye sees, but a tooth does not have!

[zenion]

The West wanted the Germans to capture all of Poland and be as close to Moscow as possible. But in the USSR, the Germans were not given such an opportunity and the Germans had to overcome hundreds of kilometers of Soviet territory that were superfluous for them. Although, the Germans did not plan it. Relying on the economy of the states captured by the Germans and on the help of American banks and firms, they were nevertheless forced to attack the USSR. In 1935, speaking to party activists, Hitler said - if the Jews start the Second World War - it will cost them dearly, and after all, American Jews were the bankers who sent him against the USSR.

[alex-sherbakov48]

Poland responded with interest more than six million Poles. Their greed failed. This hyena, as Churchill aptly called her, got what she deserved. And if history repeats itself, and it is known to be repeating itself, then there will be nothing left of Poland.

[iouris]

It is necessary to revise the start date of the Second World War, which, in reality, began earlier than September 1, 1939 and did not end on May 9, 1945.

[yehat]

I can’t stop marveling at the size of the ambitions of a number of countries.
For example, Italy wanted to capture a quarter of Africa, part of Spain, the south of France, the entire coast of the Adriatic
And she herself barely took out the war with Ethiopia, occupied Albania and part of the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, taking away from the Spaniards, French, Greeks, Libyans, English, Russians, Americans, Egyptians, and God knows who.
the Germans were forced to carry out rescue operations against the French, Greeks, in Africa, to devote forces for the defense of Italy.
But Italy, unlike Poland, had a powerful industry, modern aviation and armored vehicles, the strongest fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, a powerful economy.
But what the Poles expected, I don’t understand at all. Everything was sad with them literally everywhere except for the size of the army, but the neighbors were not inferior to them.

[cradle]

Quote: ssergey1978

Kroilovo leads to the popalov.

fiercely plus!

[Fevralsk. Morev]

The leadership of Poland got the idea that a German soldier, spilling his blood, should recreate Greater Poland from sea to sea. Such a country was, but its gentry prosr .... la. And since then she has suffered painfully with a phantom headache. Hitler, at least, behaved honestly, and could even deceive the gentry.

[Artashes]

WARSAW BETRAYED EVEN POLISH UNDERGROUNDERS IN PRUSSIA, DANZIG, POMERANIA, SILESIA IN THAT PERIOD! and AFTER ALL THIS IS TO ACCUSE THE USSR OF SOME "AGGRESSION"!
STUNNING HOW IT CAN BE PURPOSED TO OUR OWN COUNTRY! OTHERWISE, THE SAME WAS IN THE USSR AT THE END OF THE 80S AND 90-91 YEARS.

[Begemot]

Pshekov was ruined by the usual greed and stupidity inherent in those who do not remember kinship. How were they going to restore their Rzhech Pospolita from Moz to Moz and at the same time to defeat the USSR with the hands of the Germans? Those. The Fritzes beat Ivanov and leave the lands in the east to the Przemislavs, and the Jaceki occupied the lands from sea to sea, they fenced off Europe from Russia and panauted - lafa. One word psheki.
And now, Ukrainians were infected with the same double diagnosis.

[mat-vey]

So they have had all their lives - swagger more than papacy.

[Vasya Pupenko]

Rzhaka:
We read Polish newspapers in the first half of September 1939:
https://tsar-ivan.livejournal.com/8522.html

[Eug]

Back in the period of the Anschluss of Austria, Poland badly spoiled France by sharply aggravating relations with Lithuania. The French simply did not understand the behavior of such an "ally" ...