Domestic tank guns. 76 mm tank guns
The Red Army was in service with several types of 76-mm tank guns. In order to understand them, the easiest way is to classify them by ammunition load, dividing the guns into three groups:
1. Tank gun sample 1927 / 32 of the year. Only a shot from the 76 millimeter regimental gun of the 1927 model was used;
2. Tank guns L-10, L-7, PS-3 and TG. Shots from the 76 mm 1902 model gun were used;
3. Tank guns D-56 (in the post-war years, cannon of the floating tank PT-76), ZIS-5, L-11, L-15, F-32 and F-34. Shots from an 76 mm 1902 / 30 model gun were used.
Recall that the guns of the 1902 model of the year and the 1902 / 30 of the year had the same sleeves, and the gun of the 1902 / 30 model of the year had a slightly larger charge compared to the shot of the 1902 model of the year. The firing tables of the times of the Second World War allowed the use of an armor-piercing shot of the 1902 / 30 sample guns of the year in case of a fire from the 1902 sample guns of the year. Thus, from the guns belonging to the second group, it was possible to fire with guns of the 1902 / 30 sample of the year, but there was a risk of damage to the recoil devices that were designed to be shot at the 1902 of the year.
The ballistics of the tank gun of the 1927 / 32 model of the year coincides with the ballistics of the 76-millimeter regimental gun of the model of the 1927 of the year.
The L-10 and PS-3 guns were shorter than the 1902 model guns of the year and had a slightly worse ballistics compared to it.
The L-11 and F-32 guns had the ballistics of 1902 / 30 model guns of the length of 30 calibers.
The D-56, ZIS-5, L-15 and F-34 cannons have a ballistics of 1902 / 30 model cannons with a length of 40 calibers.
The 76 mm tank gun of the 1927 / 32 model of the year was developed on the basis of the 76 mm millimeter regimental gun of the 1927 model of the year in the design bureau of the Kirov factory. Its main difference was to reduce the length of the rollback from 1000 to 500 millimeters (to reduce the size of the tank tower). The gun had a piston valve, hydraulic brake recoil, hydropneumatic knurled. It was equipped with TOD-1 and PT-1 sights. Factory index guns - CT (Kirov tank). In some cases, guns were called KT-26, -28 and -35 as a tank, but they didn’t have any fundamental differences.
Controlling the fire of one 76-millimeter and two 45-millimeter guns in the T-35 tank was almost impossible. Therefore, Ostebbyuro developed a control system art. fire "PUAT-35". The system was created on the model of the ship PUS and was equipped with the Barr and Strood 9-foot rangefinder of the maritime department. The system was designed not only for the T-35 tank, but also for promising two-, four- and five-turreted tanks, including the T-39. The system began to be tested in February 1937. In November, 35 was tested on T-28.
The gunner’s observation instruments were closed, therefore, according to the information provided by the tank commander, the fire was firing at PUAT-35. The tests were found to be satisfactory. In April, 36 tested the system on T-35. The Commissar Voroshilov was present at these tests. The tests ended in failure. At the beginning of 38, the work on PUAT-35 was decided to cease “due to the small amount of T-35, the high cost of the system, as well as its dubious value in the context of a maneuverable war”.
KT guns were installed on the BT-7А, Т-28 and Т-35 serial tanks. For some reason, the gun on the T-26 tank did not catch on. The manufacture of KT guns from 1933 was carried out by the Kirov Plant. In 1933, the plant passed 55 units, in 1934, 202 units, in 1935, 102, and so on. The 01.11.1936 in service of the Red Army had 372 combat and 21 training gun KT. In addition, there were 5 cannons KT-27, which were mounted on T-27 tankettes.
By January 1 1937, the industry transferred the 440 cannons of the 1927 / 32 model of the year. Another 94 units. was manufactured during the 1937 year and 12 during the 1938 year. With this, the production of 76 mm 1927 / 32 sample guns was discontinued.
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The 76 mm PS-3 gun in 1931 was designed by engineer Syachentov. The ballistics of the gun was original. The barrel of the gun consisted of a casing and a barrel. The breech with the casing were one. The vertical wedge gate had mechanical semi-automatics. Cocking occurred on a rollback. The gun had a hydraulic spun recoil brake. Knuckle spring. Used sights TOP or TP-1. The gun was designed for the same tanks as the KT gun. PS-3 compared with it, had a much better ballistics and, therefore, greater rate of fire, and armor penetration.
The first pilot PS-3 was manufactured in 1932 at the Kirov plant. The advantages of the PS-3 gun over the CT were obvious. However, Syachentov didn’t succeed in debugging the cannon — anti-recoil devices and semi-automatics went awry, pipes came out of the casing, and so on.
The gun was tested on T-28, T-35 and AT-1 tanks (despite the fact that the design was like a self-propelled gun, it had the name - tank ("artillery tank")) from 32 to the end of 36. The PS-3 gun was on the verge of being adopted for service, but could not overcome it. The guns were even given army names: in 33 - "76-millimeter tank gun model 1933", at the beginning of 35 - "76-millimeter tank gun model 1935". In 1934, the Kirov Plant was even ordered a series of 128 guns. However, after manufacturing 28 units, production was stopped.
Ready-made guns PS-3 many times altered, tested and again sent to the mess. After testing in the summer of 36, the final cannon model was finally chosen. The Kirov plant at 1937 was given the task of finalizing the 90 cannons from the backlog of the 34 year according to this model. But in 1937, the factory did not complete a single system and raised the issue of switching to the manufacture of X-NUMX-millimeter-guns L-76. PS-10 by this time was already outdated, and the Artillery Directorate agreed with the proposal of the plant.
In the 1930-ies during the design of medium and heavy tanks, designers did not resist the temptation to install 76-millimeter anti-aircraft gun of Lender’s system of the 1914 / 15 type into the tank. In contrast to the 76-mm 1902 model year gun, the swinging part of this gun had a vertical semi-automatic wedge gate, and therefore, the gun had a high rate of fire. The first to install this gun was the German designer Grote on the TG tank (the Grote tank). The gun they upgraded was assigned a TG index. The prototype guns were manufactured at the Bolshevik plant and tested by shooting at the Research Automobile Test Site in July 1931 on a TG tank. In general, the tests of this gun were successful, but the tank itself was rejected.
In the spring of 35, the design bureau of the Kirov factory returned to the Lender gun. The prototype was assigned a factory index L-7. The gun in November 37 was tested on the T-28. L-7 had a significant drawback - large dimensions inside the tower. In this regard, the placement in the tower of the third number of the calculation was impossible. And in the AT-1 and BT-7 tanks, the gun did not go in size. Therefore, further work on the L-7 was not carried out.
In the design office of the Kirov plant in 1936, under the leadership of Makhanov, the X-NUMX-mm tank gun L-76 was designed, which has a wedge-shaped vertical semi-automatic bolt having a device for turning off semi-automatics, since the GBTU in 10-36 is. argued that there should be no semi-automatic tank guns. The principal difference between the L-38 cannon and the subsequent Makhonov cannons consisted in the original anti-recoil device, in which the compressor liquid and the air of the nádatnik were directly communicated. Such an installation under some firing modes failed. Grabin - the main competitor of Makhanova - liked to use this circumstance. During the tests, Grabin recommended to conduct a long fire (several hundred projectiles with a maximum rate of fire) at the maximum elevation angle, after which the cannon sharply gave the maximum angle of incidence for firing at the tracks. In these cases, recoil devices are often refused. Of course, in combat conditions such a fire regime was unlikely, but precisely because of this Makhanov lost some contests to Grabin.
At the Kirov plant, the first three L-10 were made at the end of 36. L-10 tested in tanks BT-7A and T-28. From the BT-7 tank, 1005 shots were fired, but because of the tightness of the L-10 being created in the turret, they did not take the risk of putting it into production tanks.
Between 13.02 and 05.03, the X-NUMX of the year L-1938 installed on the AT-10 was tested on a NIAP. These tests were deemed urgent.
The L-10 gun was adopted under the name "76-mm tank gun model 1938 of the year." It was installed on armored trains and T-28 tanks. Serial production of the L-10 was engaged in the Kirov factory. In the 37 year, the 30 guns were handed over, in the 38 year - 300, but their production ended there.
The leadership of the Red Army in 1937 decided to adopt for medium and heavy tanks 76-millimeter tank guns having ballistics 76-millimeter gun of the 1902 / 30 model in 30 calibers. This decision was made taking into account the experience of the Spanish war and the development of tank building in other countries. Design assignment issued by Grabin (Plant No. 92) and Makhanov (Kirovsky Plant).
Makhanov, working on the task, simply extended the threaded part of the L-10 gun and strengthened the recoil mechanism. New system assigned index L-11.
Grabin went the other way and created a new gun F-32.
Both guns, in May 1939, were tested on a NIAP. During the tests, the F-32 and L-11 were fired from the BT-7 and T-28 tanks. Both guns had their strengths and weaknesses, but both guns were adopted. The F-32 is called the “76 mm gun of the 1939 model of the year” and the L-11 is called the “76 mm gun of the 1938 / 39 model”. In the 40-41-s, both guns were installed in the KV-1 and T-34 production tanks. In addition, the gun L-11 installed on an experienced heavy tank QMS. The Kirov factory in 1938 was commissioned. 570 guns of the L-11 were launched, in 1939 - the 176. The production of the F-32 guns was carried out only in the 41 year, during which the 821 gun was manufactured.
In the NIAP in June-October of the 40 of the year, the X-NUMX-mm L-76 cannon mounted on the T-11 was tested. During the test, an 34 shot was fired. The angle of vertical guidance forward and sideways is from -343 ° to + 5 °, backward from -25 ° to + 1,2 °. The dead zone on the side and in front is about 25 meters, and the back zone is 19 meters. Overall, the tests were satisfactory.
Polygon-troop tests of the X-NUMX-mm F-76 cannon on the T-34 tank were conducted at the Gorokhovetsky ground test site 34-20 in November 23, in the amount of 1940 thousand rounds. The angle of vertical guidance is from -1 ° to + 5 ° 31 '(the angle of descent on the stern was -45 ° 1'). Under the conditions of the tank, the firing rate of the F-45 gun was 34-2 shot per minute; on the polygon machine, the rate of fire without changing the pickup was equal to 3 shots per minute. According to the test results, the commission recommended adopting F-20.
However, the leadership of the Red Army in 1938 approved new TTTs for tank guns, which indicated the ballistics of the 76-mm gun of the 1902 / 30 model in 40 calibers. Naturally, they again turned to Grabin and Makhanov, who simply extended their guns. The upgraded L-11 was assigned the index L-15, and F-32 - F-34. However, this time Makhanov Grabin lost outright - the mass production of the L-15 was out of the question.
All the working drawings of the F-34 cannon were completed by March 15 of 39. Began manufacturing its parts.
Interestingly, the F-34 gun was originally designed to arm the T-35 and T-28. Its first tests in the T-28 conducted at the Gorokhovetsky testing ground 19.10.1939. The first tests of the F-34 cannon on the T-34 tank in November 1940 were held there. F-34 gun was adopted under the name "76-mm tank gun model 1940 of the year." F-34 installed in serial T-34, armored and armored trains. In addition, she was armed with an experienced tank KV-3.
Grabin specifically for the KV-1 was created modification F-34, which was assigned the factory index ZIS-5. This weapon was adopted under the name "76-mm tank gun model 1941 of the year." The ZIS-34 differed from the F-5 in the cradle design, fastening and locking device, as well as in some other small details. In 42, Grabin developed the ZIS-96 gun, which was installed in the turret of the Matilda tank, with the ZIS-5 gun.
Serial production of F-34 guns was conducted from 40-th to 42-th year and was: in 1940 year - 50 units; in 1941 year - 3470 units; in 1942 year - 14307 units; in 1943 year - 17161 units; 1944 year - 3592 units In total, 38580 guns were produced. ZIS-5 was serially produced from 41-th to 43-th year: in 1941 year —544 units; in 1942 year - 2476 units; in 1943 year - 57 units The total number of ZIS-5 guns is 3577.
Grabin autumn 1941 g. On those. the meeting of the design office of the plant number 92 proposed to insert into the rocking part of the F-34 the 57-millimeter anti-tank gun ZIS-2. He was supported, and after 15 days a new cannon, designated ZIS-4, was made in metal. At the end of 41, they began mass production of the ZIS-4, but only the 42 guns for the T-34 were successfully handed over, followed by an order to discontinue the release of the ZIS-2, and with it the ZIS-4.
In 1943, the mass production of ZIS-2 was resumed. Grabin made attempts to reanimate ZIS-4, especially since there was a backlog from 41. Plant No. 92 in the 1943 year produced the 170 ZIS-4, but its production at this point ceased, since for 1943, this gun was already weak for the T-34. The ammunition and ballistics of the ZIS-2 and -4 cannons completely coincided, but in September-November, the 43 of the year for the ZIS-4 fired around 2000 shots with an enhanced charge. The armor-piercing projectile had an initial speed of 1010 m / s, and a standard projectile ZIS-2 - 990 m / s.
According to the materials of the article by Alexander Shirokorad, the magazine "Equipment and weapons"
1. Tank gun sample 1927 / 32 of the year. Only a shot from the 76 millimeter regimental gun of the 1927 model was used;
2. Tank guns L-10, L-7, PS-3 and TG. Shots from the 76 mm 1902 model gun were used;
3. Tank guns D-56 (in the post-war years, cannon of the floating tank PT-76), ZIS-5, L-11, L-15, F-32 and F-34. Shots from an 76 mm 1902 / 30 model gun were used.
Recall that the guns of the 1902 model of the year and the 1902 / 30 of the year had the same sleeves, and the gun of the 1902 / 30 model of the year had a slightly larger charge compared to the shot of the 1902 model of the year. The firing tables of the times of the Second World War allowed the use of an armor-piercing shot of the 1902 / 30 sample guns of the year in case of a fire from the 1902 sample guns of the year. Thus, from the guns belonging to the second group, it was possible to fire with guns of the 1902 / 30 sample of the year, but there was a risk of damage to the recoil devices that were designed to be shot at the 1902 of the year.
76-mm tank gun arr. 1927 / 31 in the main tower of the T-35
The ballistics of the tank gun of the 1927 / 32 model of the year coincides with the ballistics of the 76-millimeter regimental gun of the model of the 1927 of the year.
The L-10 and PS-3 guns were shorter than the 1902 model guns of the year and had a slightly worse ballistics compared to it.
The L-11 and F-32 guns had the ballistics of 1902 / 30 model guns of the length of 30 calibers.
The D-56, ZIS-5, L-15 and F-34 cannons have a ballistics of 1902 / 30 model cannons with a length of 40 calibers.
The 76 mm tank gun of the 1927 / 32 model of the year was developed on the basis of the 76 mm millimeter regimental gun of the 1927 model of the year in the design bureau of the Kirov factory. Its main difference was to reduce the length of the rollback from 1000 to 500 millimeters (to reduce the size of the tank tower). The gun had a piston valve, hydraulic brake recoil, hydropneumatic knurled. It was equipped with TOD-1 and PT-1 sights. Factory index guns - CT (Kirov tank). In some cases, guns were called KT-26, -28 and -35 as a tank, but they didn’t have any fundamental differences.
Installation scheme 76,2-mm tank gun arr. 1927 / 31 (KT-28) in the main tower of the T-28
Controlling the fire of one 76-millimeter and two 45-millimeter guns in the T-35 tank was almost impossible. Therefore, Ostebbyuro developed a control system art. fire "PUAT-35". The system was created on the model of the ship PUS and was equipped with the Barr and Strood 9-foot rangefinder of the maritime department. The system was designed not only for the T-35 tank, but also for promising two-, four- and five-turreted tanks, including the T-39. The system began to be tested in February 1937. In November, 35 was tested on T-28.
The T-28 tanks from the Soviet 5 Tank Division of the 3 Mechanized Corps of the 11 Army of the North-Western Front, which failed for technical reasons and were undermined by their crews near the city of Alytus of the Lithuanian SSR. According to the characteristic features of the car release 1936 — 1938 year
The gunner’s observation instruments were closed, therefore, according to the information provided by the tank commander, the fire was firing at PUAT-35. The tests were found to be satisfactory. In April, 36 tested the system on T-35. The Commissar Voroshilov was present at these tests. The tests ended in failure. At the beginning of 38, the work on PUAT-35 was decided to cease “due to the small amount of T-35, the high cost of the system, as well as its dubious value in the context of a maneuverable war”.
KT guns were installed on the BT-7А, Т-28 and Т-35 serial tanks. For some reason, the gun on the T-26 tank did not catch on. The manufacture of KT guns from 1933 was carried out by the Kirov Plant. In 1933, the plant passed 55 units, in 1934, 202 units, in 1935, 102, and so on. The 01.11.1936 in service of the Red Army had 372 combat and 21 training gun KT. In addition, there were 5 cannons KT-27, which were mounted on T-27 tankettes.
By January 1 1937, the industry transferred the 440 cannons of the 1927 / 32 model of the year. Another 94 units. was manufactured during the 1937 year and 12 during the 1938 year. With this, the production of 76 mm 1927 / 32 sample guns was discontinued.
size = 1] Soviet heavy tank T-35 overcomes water barrier
The 76 mm PS-3 gun in 1931 was designed by engineer Syachentov. The ballistics of the gun was original. The barrel of the gun consisted of a casing and a barrel. The breech with the casing were one. The vertical wedge gate had mechanical semi-automatics. Cocking occurred on a rollback. The gun had a hydraulic spun recoil brake. Knuckle spring. Used sights TOP or TP-1. The gun was designed for the same tanks as the KT gun. PS-3 compared with it, had a much better ballistics and, therefore, greater rate of fire, and armor penetration.
The first pilot PS-3 was manufactured in 1932 at the Kirov plant. The advantages of the PS-3 gun over the CT were obvious. However, Syachentov didn’t succeed in debugging the cannon — anti-recoil devices and semi-automatics went awry, pipes came out of the casing, and so on.
The gun was tested on T-28, T-35 and AT-1 tanks (despite the fact that the design was like a self-propelled gun, it had the name - tank ("artillery tank")) from 32 to the end of 36. The PS-3 gun was on the verge of being adopted for service, but could not overcome it. The guns were even given army names: in 33 - "76-millimeter tank gun model 1933", at the beginning of 35 - "76-millimeter tank gun model 1935". In 1934, the Kirov Plant was even ordered a series of 128 guns. However, after manufacturing 28 units, production was stopped.
Artillery tank AT-1 at the site during the test. Winter 1935 of the year. Pictured machine with closed side hatches and a gun at the maximum angle of descent (ASKM)
Ready-made guns PS-3 many times altered, tested and again sent to the mess. After testing in the summer of 36, the final cannon model was finally chosen. The Kirov plant at 1937 was given the task of finalizing the 90 cannons from the backlog of the 34 year according to this model. But in 1937, the factory did not complete a single system and raised the issue of switching to the manufacture of X-NUMX-millimeter-guns L-76. PS-10 by this time was already outdated, and the Artillery Directorate agreed with the proposal of the plant.
In the 1930-ies during the design of medium and heavy tanks, designers did not resist the temptation to install 76-millimeter anti-aircraft gun of Lender’s system of the 1914 / 15 type into the tank. In contrast to the 76-mm 1902 model year gun, the swinging part of this gun had a vertical semi-automatic wedge gate, and therefore, the gun had a high rate of fire. The first to install this gun was the German designer Grote on the TG tank (the Grote tank). The gun they upgraded was assigned a TG index. The prototype guns were manufactured at the Bolshevik plant and tested by shooting at the Research Automobile Test Site in July 1931 on a TG tank. In general, the tests of this gun were successful, but the tank itself was rejected.
In the spring of 35, the design bureau of the Kirov factory returned to the Lender gun. The prototype was assigned a factory index L-7. The gun in November 37 was tested on the T-28. L-7 had a significant drawback - large dimensions inside the tower. In this regard, the placement in the tower of the third number of the calculation was impossible. And in the AT-1 and BT-7 tanks, the gun did not go in size. Therefore, further work on the L-7 was not carried out.
In the design office of the Kirov plant in 1936, under the leadership of Makhanov, the X-NUMX-mm tank gun L-76 was designed, which has a wedge-shaped vertical semi-automatic bolt having a device for turning off semi-automatics, since the GBTU in 10-36 is. argued that there should be no semi-automatic tank guns. The principal difference between the L-38 cannon and the subsequent Makhonov cannons consisted in the original anti-recoil device, in which the compressor liquid and the air of the nádatnik were directly communicated. Such an installation under some firing modes failed. Grabin - the main competitor of Makhanova - liked to use this circumstance. During the tests, Grabin recommended to conduct a long fire (several hundred projectiles with a maximum rate of fire) at the maximum elevation angle, after which the cannon sharply gave the maximum angle of incidence for firing at the tracks. In these cases, recoil devices are often refused. Of course, in combat conditions such a fire regime was unlikely, but precisely because of this Makhanov lost some contests to Grabin.
At the Kirov plant, the first three L-10 were made at the end of 36. L-10 tested in tanks BT-7A and T-28. From the BT-7 tank, 1005 shots were fired, but because of the tightness of the L-10 being created in the turret, they did not take the risk of putting it into production tanks.
Between 13.02 and 05.03, the X-NUMX of the year L-1938 installed on the AT-10 was tested on a NIAP. These tests were deemed urgent.
Shielded T-28 tanks pass through Red Square during the parade. In the photo, the T-28 tanks of the first half 1939 of the year with the L-10 gun
The L-10 gun was adopted under the name "76-mm tank gun model 1938 of the year." It was installed on armored trains and T-28 tanks. Serial production of the L-10 was engaged in the Kirov factory. In the 37 year, the 30 guns were handed over, in the 38 year - 300, but their production ended there.
The leadership of the Red Army in 1937 decided to adopt for medium and heavy tanks 76-millimeter tank guns having ballistics 76-millimeter gun of the 1902 / 30 model in 30 calibers. This decision was made taking into account the experience of the Spanish war and the development of tank building in other countries. Design assignment issued by Grabin (Plant No. 92) and Makhanov (Kirovsky Plant).
Makhanov, working on the task, simply extended the threaded part of the L-10 gun and strengthened the recoil mechanism. New system assigned index L-11.
The name tank T-28 "Stalin" is sent to Red Square to participate in the parade. Shielded 1939 end release tank with L-10 cannon, sloping drawers for smoke exhaust devices and improved surveillance equipment armor
Grabin went the other way and created a new gun F-32.
Both guns, in May 1939, were tested on a NIAP. During the tests, the F-32 and L-11 were fired from the BT-7 and T-28 tanks. Both guns had their strengths and weaknesses, but both guns were adopted. The F-32 is called the “76 mm gun of the 1939 model of the year” and the L-11 is called the “76 mm gun of the 1938 / 39 model”. In the 40-41-s, both guns were installed in the KV-1 and T-34 production tanks. In addition, the gun L-11 installed on an experienced heavy tank QMS. The Kirov factory in 1938 was commissioned. 570 guns of the L-11 were launched, in 1939 - the 176. The production of the F-32 guns was carried out only in the 41 year, during which the 821 gun was manufactured.
In the NIAP in June-October of the 40 of the year, the X-NUMX-mm L-76 cannon mounted on the T-11 was tested. During the test, an 34 shot was fired. The angle of vertical guidance forward and sideways is from -343 ° to + 5 °, backward from -25 ° to + 1,2 °. The dead zone on the side and in front is about 25 meters, and the back zone is 19 meters. Overall, the tests were satisfactory.
The first prototype of the KV tank (V-0) before being sent to Moscow. September 1939. Two guns were mounted in the tank turret: 76-mm L-11 and 45-mm. In December 1939, before sending the U-0 to the 20 heavy tank brigade, the 45-mm gun was removed
Polygon-troop tests of the X-NUMX-mm F-76 cannon on the T-34 tank were conducted at the Gorokhovetsky ground test site 34-20 in November 23, in the amount of 1940 thousand rounds. The angle of vertical guidance is from -1 ° to + 5 ° 31 '(the angle of descent on the stern was -45 ° 1'). Under the conditions of the tank, the firing rate of the F-45 gun was 34-2 shot per minute; on the polygon machine, the rate of fire without changing the pickup was equal to 3 shots per minute. According to the test results, the commission recommended adopting F-20.
However, the leadership of the Red Army in 1938 approved new TTTs for tank guns, which indicated the ballistics of the 76-mm gun of the 1902 / 30 model in 40 calibers. Naturally, they again turned to Grabin and Makhanov, who simply extended their guns. The upgraded L-11 was assigned the index L-15, and F-32 - F-34. However, this time Makhanov Grabin lost outright - the mass production of the L-15 was out of the question.
Pre-war tanks produced by plant number 183 (Kharkiv). From left to right: BT-7 (A-8), A-20, T-34-76 with a gun L-11 (1940), T-34-76 with a gun F-34 (1941)
All the working drawings of the F-34 cannon were completed by March 15 of 39. Began manufacturing its parts.
Interestingly, the F-34 gun was originally designed to arm the T-35 and T-28. Its first tests in the T-28 conducted at the Gorokhovetsky testing ground 19.10.1939. The first tests of the F-34 cannon on the T-34 tank in November 1940 were held there. F-34 gun was adopted under the name "76-mm tank gun model 1940 of the year." F-34 installed in serial T-34, armored and armored trains. In addition, she was armed with an experienced tank KV-3.
Grabin specifically for the KV-1 was created modification F-34, which was assigned the factory index ZIS-5. This weapon was adopted under the name "76-mm tank gun model 1941 of the year." The ZIS-34 differed from the F-5 in the cradle design, fastening and locking device, as well as in some other small details. In 42, Grabin developed the ZIS-96 gun, which was installed in the turret of the Matilda tank, with the ZIS-5 gun.
Serial production of F-34 guns was conducted from 40-th to 42-th year and was: in 1940 year - 50 units; in 1941 year - 3470 units; in 1942 year - 14307 units; in 1943 year - 17161 units; 1944 year - 3592 units In total, 38580 guns were produced. ZIS-5 was serially produced from 41-th to 43-th year: in 1941 year —544 units; in 1942 year - 2476 units; in 1943 year - 57 units The total number of ZIS-5 guns is 3577.
Grabin autumn 1941 g. On those. the meeting of the design office of the plant number 92 proposed to insert into the rocking part of the F-34 the 57-millimeter anti-tank gun ZIS-2. He was supported, and after 15 days a new cannon, designated ZIS-4, was made in metal. At the end of 41, they began mass production of the ZIS-4, but only the 42 guns for the T-34 were successfully handed over, followed by an order to discontinue the release of the ZIS-2, and with it the ZIS-4.
SAU ZiS-30 (57-mm anti-tank gun ZiS-2 based on the A-20 “Komsomolets” artillery tractor) in firing position. Despite the decisive posture of the calculation, the ACS will not fire: the openers at the rear of the machine, lowered when fired, are raised. In this position, it is impossible to fire, because when fired, the gun has a strong return
In 1943, the mass production of ZIS-2 was resumed. Grabin made attempts to reanimate ZIS-4, especially since there was a backlog from 41. Plant No. 92 in the 1943 year produced the 170 ZIS-4, but its production at this point ceased, since for 1943, this gun was already weak for the T-34. The ammunition and ballistics of the ZIS-2 and -4 cannons completely coincided, but in September-November, the 43 of the year for the ZIS-4 fired around 2000 shots with an enhanced charge. The armor-piercing projectile had an initial speed of 1010 m / s, and a standard projectile ZIS-2 - 990 m / s.
According to the materials of the article by Alexander Shirokorad, the magazine "Equipment and weapons"
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