Cartridges for submachine guns. Future and some fiction
Submachine gun yesterday, today, tomorrow. In the future, cartridges for submachine guns can specialize even more and turn into something absolutely fantastic today. Why? Yes, just everything goes to that. Protection is being improved - the means for overcoming it are also improving. Not without reason appeared the 12,7-mm ammunition and the automatic weapon ShA-12. This tool will solve all the problems of the battle at a distance of 100 meters. But is it the only way to go in this direction?
Any bullet can be compared to ... an arrowhead! Their task is the same - to hit the target and disable it. Therefore, the tip must have good aerodynamic quality and penetrating power. Interestingly, in the era of the Ancient World, the tips were mostly small, bronze, cast and bullet-shaped, that is, they were very much like modern bullets. Although on their surface, they had faces with spikes extending backwards, which modern bullets do not have. The bows, from which arrows with such tips were issued, were small in size. It is not difficult to be convinced of this; it is enough to look at the images of the Scythians on ancient vessels. That is, comparing it weapon with modernity, we may well attribute them to pistols and machine guns.
In the Middle Ages, petioled tips made of forged iron were used. And here is what is strange and surprising: they practically refused from the previous bullet-shaped tips. That is, their share among the finds is very small. But there were wide-palm tips the size of a palm, tips in the form of a crescent horns forward, if not in the form of a disk with sharply sharp edges, and even three-four-bladed. There were also flat tips with blades shifted along sides relative to the axis. It turned out that such arrows rotated in flight, which provided them with better stabilization when firing long distances. Tips have become more, and therefore the bows, too. That is, it was already a "rifle", designed for long-range shooting at ... unarmored targets.
That is, here it is in front of us, the world trend of development of long-range missile weapons, and the direction of its development is to shoot further and take the enemy out of operation, and for this it is easiest to shoot at a large target, that is, at horses. A wide wound - the horse quickly loses blood, and with it strength falls. Only near were needed armor-piercing arrows for firing at armored riders, which is why such tips and find a little. But there are many tips in the form of a chisel or chisel, which both the armor punched well and successfully inflicted deep wounds on the enemy without armor.
There are two interesting monographs: “Ballistics from arrows to rockets. Yu.A. Vedernikov, Yu.S. Khudyakov, A.I. Omelaev. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk. state tech. University, 1995 ”and more modern“ Ballistics of arrows according to archeology: an introduction to the problem area. A.V. Korobeynikov, N.V. Mityukov. Izhevsk: Publishing house KNOW KIT, 2007 ”, the authors of which examine ancient arrowheads with the help of mathematical formulas, determine their aerodynamic quality and penetration ability. Moreover, the authors of the first monograph, in addition, have done a tremendous work on the typology of the tips found in Siberia, and in particular, in the Minusinsk Basin. And they, on the basis of their study, created their own tip for the small arms of our day, which they called “polycliniform” and combining high penetrating power and excellent aerodynamics. It is difficult to say whether it will remain only theoretical development on the pages of a little-known scientific monograph, or will find its application later, something else is important, namely that today, in principle, you can think of a bullet of higher efficiency than the existing ones.
The "VO" has already been told about a possible ammunition with a discoid bullet, and today, in the light of the ever more specific requirements for cartridges for submachine guns, why not think about the benefits that would have been created? Let's start with the fact that even in 1868, the Russian general from artillery N.V. Maiyevsky, a professor of ballistics at the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy, proposed a project for a curved cannon charging from the breech that fired disc-like shells. When firing a projectile disk, placed on the edge, pressed centrifugal force to the lower part of the barrel and received the desired rotation. The gun was made and tested. It turned out that the projectile flew it 2500 m, while the core of the same weight only 500, but that accuracy was unsatisfactory, besides, the disk had nowhere to put a powder charge. But unsatisfactory, it was at a great distance, so this must be emphasized.
Well, now let's consider "our" cartridge and a bullet to it. Naturally, purely hypothetical, because the creation of a new cartridge requires a lot of work and painstaking research. Here it is important to determine the shape of the bullet, optimal in terms of ballistics and armor penetration, and the shape of the liner, and the powder charge. That is, this is work for the whole scientific research institute. But suppose, again hypothetically, that “everything worked out for us,” and what then could we have in the end?
We will have this: a bikalybernuyu bullet, which in the cross section has the shape of a diamond, with two vertical guides. The diameter of the bullet 20 mm, and the height of the guides 11 mm. That is, she immediately has two calibers! The sleeve has a height of 23 mm, with transverse dimensions of 21 on 12 mm, and the total height of the cartridge 35 mm. The sleeve shape is a flat parallelepiped with rounded edges. Bullets of two types: regular and armor-piercing. A plain one is a hollow disk made of tompak alloy filled with lead and with a guide rod passed through it along the axis of rotation, also of tompac or copper. The part that is inside the disk has a square cross section, the protruding parts are round. Disc thickness - 5 mm, protruding guides - 3 mm. Armor-piercing bullet made of steel. The weight of a pure lead bullet (which is shown here in the photo) is exactly 10, so the real bullet should be even lighter. That is, the ammunition data is somewhere at the level of the American cartridge 11,43x23 / .45 ACP, which also has a sleeve length of 23 mm, and a total length of 32, 4 mm, with a bullet that weighs approximately at the level of the bullet from the Parabellum. Accordingly, the initial speed must be high enough - higher than that of the above-mentioned ammunition, as well as its energy should be higher. It remains only the most important thing - to ensure, at a distance of 100 meters, to her, accuracy that is the same accuracy of the bullet of the ShA-12 submachine gun and ... we can assume that the idea was a success!
Well, and the barrel of a weapon under such ammunition, naturally, corresponds in its profile to the pool. It is made of two halves by stamping or rolling, and then screwed together, which facilitates its manufacture. One of the sides of the guide channels is smooth, while the opposite side has a fine vertical serrated cut. When fired, the bullet presses its guides into the grooves and rolls along them, and on smooth it slides. Thus, it simultaneously receives both translational and rotational motion, like a gyroscope. The lead filling presses against the tompak sheath and presses it against the walls of the bore, and thus provides an obturation. The armor-piercing bullet does not have such an effect, but with the high quality of the manufacture of modern ammunition, gas breakthrough can be avoided. Due to the fact that the edge of the disk is very sharp, such a bullet will have a very strong damaging effect. The fact is that when braking or hitting an obstacle in such a bullet, there is a “top effect” - that is, it starts to move randomly and continues to rotate, that is, it causes a long and deep incision that can cause severe blood loss. However, at the same time, it is quickly inhibited and cannot pierce two targets at once, which is very important just for weapons used in the crowd in anti-terrorist operations. In addition, it is necessary to keep in mind the strong psychological impact of such “super lethal weapons”, information about which will, of course, be widely replicated by modern media.
The Hague Declaration of 1899 of the Year and the Hague Convention of 1907 of the Year prohibit bullets that easily unfold or flatten in a human body, whose hard shell does not cover the entire core or has cuts. This bullet has an axis of rotation that coincides with the center of gravity, it does not flatten or turn around, therefore it does not fall under the scope of these documents. At the same time, the sharp edge cuts multilayered Kevlar fabric well, and the armor-piercing bullet again has a good penetrating effect. In fact, we are facing a disk from a Bulgarian saw, so that with a high rate of fire of a weapon firing such bullets, it will be possible to use it ... “to cut trees”. True, not very thick!
Another benefit from this ammunition is that it can be easily redone by almost any modern submachine gun. It is only necessary to replace the barrel, bolt and put a new receiver for the store, since the store for such cartridges is wider than usual. The cartridges in it also go in one row, so it cannot be made with more than 25 cartridges, because otherwise it will be too long.
In a word, it’s easy to develop such a cartridge, to achieve satisfactory performance from it, and there it will be possible to alter some software for it. Well, the psychological impact of such weapons on any person will exceed all expectations. Seeing that the barrel of a submachine gun is aimed at him, whose line, as he knows from the media, cuts a man in half, he ... is unlikely to want to try it out for himself!
PS It is clear that all this is considered only hypothetically, as a kind of "mind game" and no more. But the tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it! And who knows what can expect us in the near and far future. The truth is always there somewhere ...
To be continued ...
Who knows, maybe someday such a machine gun will appear and shoot a gun with very unusual bullets ...
Let's start with a bow and arrowheads
Any bullet can be compared to ... an arrowhead! Their task is the same - to hit the target and disable it. Therefore, the tip must have good aerodynamic quality and penetrating power. Interestingly, in the era of the Ancient World, the tips were mostly small, bronze, cast and bullet-shaped, that is, they were very much like modern bullets. Although on their surface, they had faces with spikes extending backwards, which modern bullets do not have. The bows, from which arrows with such tips were issued, were small in size. It is not difficult to be convinced of this; it is enough to look at the images of the Scythians on ancient vessels. That is, comparing it weapon with modernity, we may well attribute them to pistols and machine guns.
And here are the cartridges and bullets for him. It is clear that these are weight and size layouts and they look a bit more primitive than they should be.
In the Middle Ages, petioled tips made of forged iron were used. And here is what is strange and surprising: they practically refused from the previous bullet-shaped tips. That is, their share among the finds is very small. But there were wide-palm tips the size of a palm, tips in the form of a crescent horns forward, if not in the form of a disk with sharply sharp edges, and even three-four-bladed. There were also flat tips with blades shifted along sides relative to the axis. It turned out that such arrows rotated in flight, which provided them with better stabilization when firing long distances. Tips have become more, and therefore the bows, too. That is, it was already a "rifle", designed for long-range shooting at ... unarmored targets.
The submachine gun itself (or rather, its layout) looks quite traditional, with the exception, of course, of the barrel. Butt folding. There are two openings for the ejection of the sleeves (both are covered with covers), both on the left and on the right. The shutter handle can be easily installed on either side, and it is also easy to change and discard the shutter. The shutter handle itself when shooting is still and does not bother the shooter.
The same PP, right side view. The folded butt and the tactical flashlight mounted on a special holder are clearly visible. Of course, one could have put Picatinny's slats, but ... it was not very easy to make them, despite all the external simplicity.
That is, here it is in front of us, the world trend of development of long-range missile weapons, and the direction of its development is to shoot further and take the enemy out of operation, and for this it is easiest to shoot at a large target, that is, at horses. A wide wound - the horse quickly loses blood, and with it strength falls. Only near were needed armor-piercing arrows for firing at armored riders, which is why such tips and find a little. But there are many tips in the form of a chisel or chisel, which both the armor punched well and successfully inflicted deep wounds on the enemy without armor.
The butt is removed if desired ... The shutter is, of course, the most up-to-date, oncoming, with the front part being a piston, as in the SP Spectr, which pumps air into the barrel housing in the heated part of the chamber when it is fired, and thus cools it.
Historians and physicists have already done this.
There are two interesting monographs: “Ballistics from arrows to rockets. Yu.A. Vedernikov, Yu.S. Khudyakov, A.I. Omelaev. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk. state tech. University, 1995 ”and more modern“ Ballistics of arrows according to archeology: an introduction to the problem area. A.V. Korobeynikov, N.V. Mityukov. Izhevsk: Publishing house KNOW KIT, 2007 ”, the authors of which examine ancient arrowheads with the help of mathematical formulas, determine their aerodynamic quality and penetration ability. Moreover, the authors of the first monograph, in addition, have done a tremendous work on the typology of the tips found in Siberia, and in particular, in the Minusinsk Basin. And they, on the basis of their study, created their own tip for the small arms of our day, which they called “polycliniform” and combining high penetrating power and excellent aerodynamics. It is difficult to say whether it will remain only theoretical development on the pages of a little-known scientific monograph, or will find its application later, something else is important, namely that today, in principle, you can think of a bullet of higher efficiency than the existing ones.
The store has a traditional design with openings for visual inspection, however, it is easy to make from transparent plastic.
In the image and likeness of development Maievsky
The "VO" has already been told about a possible ammunition with a discoid bullet, and today, in the light of the ever more specific requirements for cartridges for submachine guns, why not think about the benefits that would have been created? Let's start with the fact that even in 1868, the Russian general from artillery N.V. Maiyevsky, a professor of ballistics at the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy, proposed a project for a curved cannon charging from the breech that fired disc-like shells. When firing a projectile disk, placed on the edge, pressed centrifugal force to the lower part of the barrel and received the desired rotation. The gun was made and tested. It turned out that the projectile flew it 2500 m, while the core of the same weight only 500, but that accuracy was unsatisfactory, besides, the disk had nowhere to put a powder charge. But unsatisfactory, it was at a great distance, so this must be emphasized.
Cartridges in the store.
Flying saucer bullet
Well, now let's consider "our" cartridge and a bullet to it. Naturally, purely hypothetical, because the creation of a new cartridge requires a lot of work and painstaking research. Here it is important to determine the shape of the bullet, optimal in terms of ballistics and armor penetration, and the shape of the liner, and the powder charge. That is, this is work for the whole scientific research institute. But suppose, again hypothetically, that “everything worked out for us,” and what then could we have in the end?
The butt folded to the right does not interfere at all with the use of a weapon if the bolt handle is extended to the left and vice versa.
We will have this: a bikalybernuyu bullet, which in the cross section has the shape of a diamond, with two vertical guides. The diameter of the bullet 20 mm, and the height of the guides 11 mm. That is, she immediately has two calibers! The sleeve has a height of 23 mm, with transverse dimensions of 21 on 12 mm, and the total height of the cartridge 35 mm. The sleeve shape is a flat parallelepiped with rounded edges. Bullets of two types: regular and armor-piercing. A plain one is a hollow disk made of tompak alloy filled with lead and with a guide rod passed through it along the axis of rotation, also of tompac or copper. The part that is inside the disk has a square cross section, the protruding parts are round. Disc thickness - 5 mm, protruding guides - 3 mm. Armor-piercing bullet made of steel. The weight of a pure lead bullet (which is shown here in the photo) is exactly 10, so the real bullet should be even lighter. That is, the ammunition data is somewhere at the level of the American cartridge 11,43x23 / .45 ACP, which also has a sleeve length of 23 mm, and a total length of 32, 4 mm, with a bullet that weighs approximately at the level of the bullet from the Parabellum. Accordingly, the initial speed must be high enough - higher than that of the above-mentioned ammunition, as well as its energy should be higher. It remains only the most important thing - to ensure, at a distance of 100 meters, to her, accuracy that is the same accuracy of the bullet of the ShA-12 submachine gun and ... we can assume that the idea was a success!
This is a barrel for discal bullets. Despite the seemingly complex shape, it is no more difficult to make than an ordinary round cut.
And roll and slide ...
Well, and the barrel of a weapon under such ammunition, naturally, corresponds in its profile to the pool. It is made of two halves by stamping or rolling, and then screwed together, which facilitates its manufacture. One of the sides of the guide channels is smooth, while the opposite side has a fine vertical serrated cut. When fired, the bullet presses its guides into the grooves and rolls along them, and on smooth it slides. Thus, it simultaneously receives both translational and rotational motion, like a gyroscope. The lead filling presses against the tompak sheath and presses it against the walls of the bore, and thus provides an obturation. The armor-piercing bullet does not have such an effect, but with the high quality of the manufacture of modern ammunition, gas breakthrough can be avoided. Due to the fact that the edge of the disk is very sharp, such a bullet will have a very strong damaging effect. The fact is that when braking or hitting an obstacle in such a bullet, there is a “top effect” - that is, it starts to move randomly and continues to rotate, that is, it causes a long and deep incision that can cause severe blood loss. However, at the same time, it is quickly inhibited and cannot pierce two targets at once, which is very important just for weapons used in the crowd in anti-terrorist operations. In addition, it is necessary to keep in mind the strong psychological impact of such “super lethal weapons”, information about which will, of course, be widely replicated by modern media.
The window sleeve is made on both sides of the receiver.
All strictly according to the canons of international law
The Hague Declaration of 1899 of the Year and the Hague Convention of 1907 of the Year prohibit bullets that easily unfold or flatten in a human body, whose hard shell does not cover the entire core or has cuts. This bullet has an axis of rotation that coincides with the center of gravity, it does not flatten or turn around, therefore it does not fall under the scope of these documents. At the same time, the sharp edge cuts multilayered Kevlar fabric well, and the armor-piercing bullet again has a good penetrating effect. In fact, we are facing a disk from a Bulgarian saw, so that with a high rate of fire of a weapon firing such bullets, it will be possible to use it ... “to cut trees”. True, not very thick!
A powerful tactical flashlight immediately blinds the enemy in the dark ...
There would be a cartridge, and a submachine gun is easy to make!
Another benefit from this ammunition is that it can be easily redone by almost any modern submachine gun. It is only necessary to replace the barrel, bolt and put a new receiver for the store, since the store for such cartridges is wider than usual. The cartridges in it also go in one row, so it cannot be made with more than 25 cartridges, because otherwise it will be too long.
At least it was quite convenient to hold this submachine gun in your hands! It does not interfere with its use even a thick winter jacket.
Challenge for the future NTTM
In a word, it’s easy to develop such a cartridge, to achieve satisfactory performance from it, and there it will be possible to alter some software for it. Well, the psychological impact of such weapons on any person will exceed all expectations. Seeing that the barrel of a submachine gun is aimed at him, whose line, as he knows from the media, cuts a man in half, he ... is unlikely to want to try it out for himself!
PS It is clear that all this is considered only hypothetically, as a kind of "mind game" and no more. But the tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it! And who knows what can expect us in the near and far future. The truth is always there somewhere ...
To be continued ...
- Vyacheslav Shpakovsky
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