YAG-7 family trucks. Last prewar

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In the second half of the thirties, the leading Soviet automobile manufacturing enterprises began to modernize their production facilities. Taking into account future technological opportunities, new projects of promising cars were created. Together with other enterprises, the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant was also preparing for modernization. Having built new workshops and mastered modern machines, he had to start building several new machines - first of all, the five-ton YAG-7 truck.

It must be recalled that all existing serial trucks developed by the YAZ had a lot of common features. Their design dates back to the I-3 project, which was based on foreign ideas from the mid-10s of the 20th century. As a result, such machines were not perfect and did not meet current engineering requirements. In this regard, at the end of the thirties, the YAZ design bureau was engaged in the development of a fundamentally new machine, suitable for full operation in the foreseeable future.



New concept


Work on the new truck project started at the very beginning of 1938 of the year. Developing the achieved success, the designers of the YAZ began to work on the machine with a payload at the level of 7 t. However, it immediately became clear that the project would again face the problem of engine selection. To obtain the desired traction and ride characteristics, an 110-120 horsepower engine was required, but such products were not available in our country at that time.

YAG-7 family trucks. Last prewar
Truck YAG-7. Figure Bronetehnika.narod.ru


Since the beginning of the thirties, the development of a family of promising diesel engines under the general name "Kocju" was conducted. By 1938, NATI developed a new model of this line - the MD-23 engine with a power of at least 110 hp, and it was proposed to be used on a new Yaroslavl truck. However, such an engine still needed refinement and was not ready for mass production. It was possible to launch the assembly of trucks with MD-23 only in 1939 year.

Not wanting to waste time, YAZ design bureau made a principled decision to create a “universal” truck project. It was proposed to create a chassis platform suitable for installing the MD-23 and capable of carrying 7 tons of cargo. In anticipation of the finished diesel, a “transitional” version of such a machine with a less powerful gasoline engine and 5 and load-carrying capacity should have been developed. Thus, the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant could master the production of a new five-ton, and then go on to produce a seven-ton truck.

A gasoline engine truck with a reduced payload was designated YAG-7. The second car with a diesel engine MD-23 called YAG-8. Such indexes can cause certain questions. The fact is that the figure in the name of the Yaroslavl truck usually indicated its payload in tons.

Given the future modernization of production facilities, engineers have introduced a number of new solutions to the new project. However, at the time of the construction of an experienced truck, the necessary technologies were missing. Because of this, YAZ was forced to seek help from other automobile plants. In particular, the elements of the frame of new design and some other units were performed at the Moscow Plant them. Stalin.

New design


In terms of its architecture, the YaG-7 differed little from its predecessors, but completely new units were used in its design. So, the frame was now assembled not from channels, but from forged parts from 7-mm steel sheet. The YAZ did not have the necessary press, and therefore stamping was sent from Moscow. The strength of the frame met the requirements of the project YG-8.

In front of the frame of the YAG-7, they placed the ZIS-16 carburetor engine with the HP 82 power. The inline six-cylinder engine was equipped with a carburetor MKZ-6 and had a liquid cooling. For new trucks, an improved tubular radiator was developed, but for technological reasons, the project used a serial cellular. Together with the engine, the ZIS company supplied a two-plate dry clutch. Especially for the YaG-7 in Yaroslavl developed a new four-speed manual gearbox. It was similar to existing products from the VMS, but differed in gear ratios. From the box there was a drive shaft connected to the main transmission of the driving rear axle.


Experienced YAG-7. Photo by Gruzovikpress.ru


In the YAG-7 transmission, a demultiplicator was provided to compensate for the lack of power in the ZIS-16 engine. The YAG-8 unified truck with a higher power diesel engine did not need such a device, but could save other transmission units.

The main transmission of the rear axle was built on new components, but its general parameters have not changed. Thus, spur spur gears were replaced with chevron gears, and conical spur gears gave way to conic gears with a helical tooth. Gear ratios were determined taking into account the characteristics of the future YG-8.

The chassis has received a front steering axle with single wheels and a driving rear axle with a gable. The suspension was built on longitudinal leaf springs, but now they were attached to the frame and axles with rubber supports. The pneumatic brake system with vacuum booster was redesigned. An advanced serial steering mechanism was used on the front axle, but the large steering wheel had to be retained.

Of great interest was the exterior of the experienced YAG-7. Machines of the new models were to receive a metal cab with a “fashionable” appearance. However, she had problems. YAZ could not manufacture such a product and could not order it on the side. Therefore, during the construction of the prototype machine, a ready-made cab from the GMC T-series 1936 of the year was used. Old identification marks were removed from the cab and they put their own. In the future, the possibility of borrowing the cabin from one of the serial domestic trucks was not ruled out.

In finished form, the YAG-7 had a metal hood with neat outlines with a vertical grille and horizontal louvers at the sides. Upper hatches this time absent. On the sides of the hood were installed wings, made at the same time with the steps under the doors. The all-metal cabin accommodates a control post and two passenger seats. Under the seats installed tank capacity 175 l. The cabin had front glazing with a central pillar and lifting windows in the doors.

As a cargo platform, a simple flatbed of wooden and metal parts was used. The front and rear sides were fixed, and the side could recline. In the future, the possibility of using YAG-7 and YAG-8 as a base for special equipment or a dump truck was not excluded.


The newest truck in the holiday column. Photo by Gruzovikpress.ru


The full length of the YG-7 truck was 6,7 m, width - 2,5 m, height - 2,32 m. The base and gauge corresponded to the previous YAZ technology. Curb weight - 5,3 tons, load capacity - 5 tons. Estimated speed on the highway reached 50-52 km / h. A prospective YAG-8 car with a MD-23 diesel engine should have similar dimensions and mass, but should have a higher payload capacity - 7 tons.

Prototypes and development


The development of new cars took several months, because of which the construction of two experienced chassis was able to start only in 1939 year. The assembly of two prototypes was completed in early November, and immediately after that they went to Moscow. Two samples were to become exhibits of the exhibition dedicated to the 15 anniversary of the Soviet automotive industry. After the end of the exhibition the car was sent to NATI.

Tests at the same time passed two cars of different types. First of all, YAG-7 itself was launched in the configuration of an onboard truck. The second prototype differed slightly reduced base and was a dump truck. This version of the car received its own name YAS-4.

The YAS-4 was distinguished by a reinforced frame with hinges for a lifting body. For the rise of the body was responsible hydraulic system, the pump which was driven by the propeller shaft. The machine was completed with a rectangular all-metal welded body. Bulk cargo was discharged through the opening swinging tailgate. As in the case of the previous dump trucks, the installation of new equipment led to the weighting of the machine and a reduction in capacity - to 4500 kg.

Over the following months, specialists from YAZ and NATI carried out the necessary tests and confirmed the calculated characteristics of the equipment, and also revealed ways of the required refinement. The design office of the plant was engaged in the improvement of the project.

10 March 1940 of the Year Sovnarkom adopted a resolution on the modernization of the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant. Before 1942, it was planned to build a number of new workshops, with the help of which the company would be able to produce a wide range of new products of various kinds, including engines and transmission units. A modernized plant could master the full production cycle. Until the end of the reconstruction, the YAZ design bureau had to develop new truck projects designed to be launched into the series with YaG-7.

Sad final


Unfortunately, after testing the spring 1940, traces of the experienced YAG-7 and YAS-4 cars are lost. At the same time there are fragmentary information about the continuation of work on the YAG-8 project. A prototype of such a machine was completed at the very end of 1941 of the year, but there are no exact data on it. In particular, it is not known whether the automakers were able to equip it with the originally planned diesel engine.


Prototype sample dump truck Yas-4. Photo 5koleso.ru


However, the diesel YAG-8 already had no prospects. It was planned to produce diesel engines of the Koju family at the Ufa Motor Plant, but by this time the enterprise had been transferred aviation industry. They did not look for a new platform for the production of diesel engines. Thus, the YAG-8 was left without real prospects and after the tests had to go for disassembly. In the future, based on the YAG-8, it was supposed to develop the YS-5 dump truck, but this project remained on paper.

Modernization of production facilities was delayed and by the beginning of World War II was carried out only partially. However, the Red Army and the national economy have not risked remaining without heavy trucks. The assembly of the YG-6 machines in the base and modified versions continued until the 1942 year, when the YAAZ was left without ZIS engines.

By releasing YAG-6 trucks, the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant did not stop engineering design. In 1941-42, new designs were created based on the YAG-7 platform. In particular, the possibility of equipping this car with American engines was being worked out. Procurement of engines abroad in theory also allowed to put in the series an updated version of the diesel YG-8. Moreover, YAAZ even managed to get a certain number of GMC-4-71 engines and test them on production trucks.

However, all these works did not make sense. At the turn of 1942 and 1943, it was decided to reprofile the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant. Now he had to collect not trucks, but tracked artillery tractors developed by NATI. In 1943, the first batch of I-11 type trucks rolled off the assembly line. In the future, they were repeatedly upgraded and built a large series.

Yaz returned to the subject of trucks after the war. In 1946-47, completely new types of equipment appeared, developed without extensive use of existing ideas and solutions proposed in previous projects. In fact in stories factory began a new era.

Yaroslavl Automobile Plant developed and built trucks of different models from the mid-twenties. Almost all such projects were created by deep modernization of old ones, and only in the late thirties the company was able to create a completely new platform. Unfortunately, the circumstances were such that these cars did not reach mass production. The creation and launch of production of a fundamentally new line has shifted by several years.
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27 comments
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  1. +6
    2 June 2019 06: 15
    Of course I know about chevron gears, but it is incredibly difficult to make them, even today, and in the thirties ......... this is hell and Somalia.
  2. +4
    2 June 2019 07: 42
    The main gear of the rear axle was built on new components, but its general parameters have not changed. So, spur gears were replaced with chevron gears
    The negative experience of using these gears was one of the reasons for abandoning the TG tank.
    More about engines for YaAZ. Groovik Press Magazine

    \ http: //www.gruzovikpress.ru/article/13596-istoriya-gruzovika-yag-7-nedostayushchee-zveno/ It was necessary to look for other ways. And they found a solution before the war - to use the GMC 71 family of diesel engines. They seemed very attractive: the number of cylinders changed, demand for the units (left or right), etc. According to some reports, in early 1941 one of the YAG-7 tried to put a GMC diesel, designating the car as a YAG-9. But by June, the project of the updated 7-ton Y-14 (OP-200) had already arrived, and in NATI they made a metrized copy3 of the GMC 4-71 diesel engine under the M-22 brand (prototype YAZ-204).
  3. +5
    2 June 2019 08: 03
    Informative and instructive ...., do not be shy to take good and copy, experience is a great thing
    1. -5
      2 June 2019 08: 41
      And in the USSR, no one was shy.
      Our automotive technology is 90 percent exactly copies, simplified taking into account the low quality of materials, primitive technologies, and the same organization of labor.
      The rest is officially acquired technology in the west. After 45 years, there were still the export of entire factories to the territory of the USSR, and the production of technology of the development of the 30s on this pre-war equipment.
      And so it was throughout the short existence of the most advanced country in the world.
      1. +9
        2 June 2019 08: 49
        and that’s right ... the most advanced country really didn’t exist for very long ... but before that it was for a very long time one of the most backward countries ... unfortunately, even being the most advanced country, in many respects it was very backward, and the most advanced teaching did not always help ....
        1. -7
          2 June 2019 08: 57
          I have another question.
          How did it happen that other countries without advanced training were able to overtake us by 50 - 100 years?
          It turns out that it did not help at all.
          Toward the end of its existence, the USSR as a whole was a technologically, structurally backward country, in some areas having a level of development of the 30s in the USA.
          Instead of providing the population with a decent standard of living, the USSR was engaged in gigantic projects involving all its forces and resources. That is, the advanced teachings could not solve the question - how to feed the population, and at the same time launch spacecraft.
          1. -7
            2 June 2019 09: 19
            There are explanations for this ... but very ugly and unpleasant, both for liberals and communists and for patriots ... the advanced teaching was a very strong dope ... but no one thought about the rollback after it, and the selectivity of this dope, well, and war ..., not in the sense of material destruction, but mental, the leadership simply blew the roof of power and irresponsibility, and the intoxication of victory ...., the rollback and depression overtook in the 60-70s ..., and perestroika like a collapse of the system .... and modern Russia is a parody of the USSR ... moreover, a caricature ... that has preserved all the Soviet squalor and killed everything that is less or less valuable ....,
            1. +4
              2 June 2019 10: 37
              Modern Russia is really a parody ... It is sad
              1. 0
                2 June 2019 10: 44
                hope for the best ....
                1. 0
                  2 June 2019 10: 54
                  Quote: wooja
                  hope for the best ....

                  And the worst will come.
                  1. 0
                    2 June 2019 10: 57
                    undoubtedly .... such is the logic of development ....
            2. +5
              2 June 2019 11: 18
              Quote: wooja
              There are explanations for this ... but very ugly and unpleasant, both for liberals and communists and for patriots ... the advanced teaching was a very strong dope ... but no one thought about the rollback after it, and the selectivity of this dope, well, and war ..., not in the sense of material destruction, but mental, the leadership simply blew the roof of power and irresponsibility, and the intoxication of victory ...., the rollback and depression overtook in the 60-70s ..., and perestroika like a collapse of the system .... and modern Russia is a parody of the USSR ... moreover, a caricature ... that has preserved all the Soviet squalor and killed everything that is less or less valuable ....,

              This is a simplification. In reality, there have been many factors. The Great Patriotic War, for example, destroyed a lot of really ideological people - those who were supposed to build the future, and also not to let people like Khrushchev into the cannon shot.

              What happened next? To try to understand this, one can, for example, consider two figures - I.V. Stalin and N.S. Khrushchev. What is their difference? In my opinion, one of the key here is the attitude to the authorities.
              Stalin sees in it a tool - a tool for expressing the will of the ruling class (the working class at that time). And he uses this tool to create a base on which it will be possible to build a new society. That is, in fact, continues the line of V.I. Lenin, as if some would not try to beat Lenin against Stalin.
              But what about Khrushchev? For this person, power is an end in itself. He knew how to weave intrigues, yes, but what was behind it? Naturally, in order to move towards his goal, he did not disdain the corresponding measures in relation to the same Stalinist cadres.

              P.S. And yes - no one is perfect and I.V. had their own miscalculations.
              1. 0
                2 June 2019 11: 29
                simplification is natural, everything was much more complicated, and even Nikita was one of many complications, few would believe it, but Stalin was not a supporter of industrialization and total collectivization, but implemented Trotsky’s plans for over-industrialization ...., pretzels of political alignment, power, country , war ... secrets - which will forever remain secrets.
      2. -1
        2 June 2019 12: 49
        The machinery stock exported from Germany played a cruel joke on the USSR: Machines of the 30s worked for us until the 70s, and also served as the basis for the development of new machines, which was one of the reasons for leaving the USSR.
    2. 0
      2 June 2019 14: 21
      Quote: wooja
      Informative and instructive ...., do not be shy to take good and copy, experience is a great thing

      The problem was with the equipment. When licenses were officially purchased, the equipment of plants was also licensed. YaAZ was not lucky in that, in connection with the Soviet-Finnish War, the United States announced an embargo on trade relations with the USSR.
      1. +1
        2 June 2019 14: 24
        political developments are difficult to predict .....
  4. +5
    2 June 2019 09: 51
    Since the beginning of the thirties, the development of a family of promising diesel engines under the general name "Kodzhu" was carried out
    Work on the Kodju diesel engine intended for the Y-5 truck began in 1931 under the direction of N.R. Brilinga. The engine block of the Koju diesel engine was supposed to be made of aluminum. The engine had an original lateral combustion chamber in the form of a truncated cone with a horizontal axis, turning into a bell in the direction of the compression space. The rigidity of the block was provided due to the location of the connector below the axis of the crankshaft and transverse partitions in the planes of the main bearings. The engine had a common head, plug-in steel sleeves with transverse stiffeners. The main and connecting rod bearings were made of bimetallic tape. With a working volume of 10 liters, the engine had to develop a power of 82 ... 87 hp. at 1700 rpm.

    In those years, a new form of detention was invented for the technical intelligentsia - the so-called “sharagi”. “... Only working conditions in a militarized environment can ensure the effective operation of specialists in counterbalance to the decaying atmosphere of civilian institutions,” G. Yagoda, deputy People's Commissar of the Interior, wrote in a letter to Molotov.

    Among the prisoners in the “sharags” was N.R. BRILLING According to the decision of the Special Meeting at the OGPU Board in April 1931 on the basis of Art. 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the scientist was sentenced to “imprisonment for 3 years with a sentence in a concentration camp - ITL.” Briling was the head of the bureau for the design of autotank and aircraft engines. The OGPU organized a bureau in the very center of Moscow, on Nikolskaya Street. In it, at the plant number 24 in Moscow, a two-stroke diesel engine N-5 (N - oil) was created with a capacity of 2000 hp, weighing 3000 kg. Another name given to the engine by prisoners is FED-8 (Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky). Also in the Design Bureau, YAGG diesel engines were designed and tested (G.G. Yagoda). In the “traditions” of Sharashka there was also the name “Koju” - Koba Dzhugashvili, the party nickname of I. V. Stalin.
  5. 0
    2 June 2019 10: 03
    Why are the YAG-7 and YAS-4 so similar to the German truck of those years? Opel in my opinion ....
    1. +3
      2 June 2019 10: 42
      because the American clones, Opel belonged to GM, and now it belongs that they copied and copied ...
      1. 0
        2 June 2019 11: 00
        Yes Dmitry, it was. Americans, in particular Ford, then advanced far, in particular recalling the famous Studebaker ... But still, I would rather take a DeLorean DMC-12 than a VAZ-2108. wink
        1. +1
          2 June 2019 11: 11
          undoubtedly ... but everything is much dirtier and simpler, Ford had a powerful lobby in the Kremlin, and the eight is the eight, unfortunately the people who determined the technical policy at that time, by modern standards, are closer to "effective managers" in terms of literacy and in terms of goals and principles, the time was such ...
        2. Fat
          0
          10 June 2019 18: 38
          Quote: sabakina
          But still, I'd rather take a DeLorean DMC-12 than a VAZ-2108.

          Stainless steel body beneficial effect on the turbulence of the flow of time ... (s) laughing
    2. +2
      2 June 2019 12: 53
      These trucks lagged behind (by design, architecture, materials, motors and technical solutions) by 10 ÷ 15 years from the USA, France, Germany .....
  6. +2
    2 June 2019 10: 08
    Oh, something, after all, is in this old design with rounded headlights.
    1. +3
      2 June 2019 10: 21
      I agree with you. Firms have lost their personality. Sometimes you look, either Ford, or Kia, or Hyundai .... ZIL-130 was such a handsome man ... In such a body and a new filling ...
      1. +2
        2 June 2019 10: 45
        for sure! I had Focus, then I went to Hundike for a year with a little, both white, I left the supermarket ... and if there were still white people who got cars, until you click on the signaling to see what dimensions they’re blinking on, you won’t understand where is yours ..)
  7. 0
    2 June 2019 21: 43
    Quote: Free Wind
    Of course I know about chevron gears, but it is incredibly difficult to make them, even today, and in the thirties ......... this is hell and Somalia.

    And the very joke is that history ascribes the discovery of this type of gear to Henri Citroen in a village in a mill. After which, Citroen climbed into the patent offices, but did not find anything about such gears, then Citroen filed a patent for the chevron gear on himself.
    Here is "hell and somali" in the village.

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