Russia will build an anaerobic submarine at the expense of India
In 2019, Russia will still begin development work to create an anaerobic installation for promising non-nuclear submarines. India has to allocate money for it.
April 10 President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov said that in the year 2019 will begin work on the development of an air-independent power plant for non-nuclear submarines.
Early March Edition Flotprom reported that work on the creation of an anaerobic installation suspended due to lack of funding. Now there is money.
But not in the Russian budget.
First of all, it’s worth understanding why for the Russian underwater fleet This topic is important, but not a priority.
VNEU is now one of the main trends for promising non-nuclear submarines. And this is the main point, because for Russia the nuclear fleet is in absolute priority. That it is the main maritime element of deterrence for the United States and NATO countries. If at one time the United States focused on aircraft carriers, the Soviet Union, realizing that financially it would be very difficult for the country to deal with the Americans and their allies, made an emphasis on this element of the nuclear triad.
Diesel-electric boats also remained in the Navy, but the place they had prepared mainly on the outskirts. Their autonomy was several times lower than that of nuclear submarines, and they were also much more noisy. However, the appearance of the first boats with anaerobic plants changed the situation and attitude to non-nuclear boats.
Submarines from VNEU are virtually silent. Their principle is simple: electric motors powered by batteries, whose recharging can be done from diesel generators both on the surface and at depth, lead the boat forward. And if the previous generation of non-nuclear boats was much more noisy than nuclear submarines, then with the advent of air-independent power plants, the situation has changed to the opposite.
The second disadvantage of diesel-electric submarines was that their time spent under water was significantly lower than that of nuclear submarines on average of the order of 20 days against 60-90. However, a new generation of submarines with VNEU is able to remain under water for at least 45 days: such a period is announced, for example, for the Lada project.
There are several types of such installations, and different countries and companies choose their own. Sweden, for example, focused on the Stirling engine. The basis of the German boat engines of the 212 and 214 projects is an electrochemical generator and hydrogen intermetallide storage. Paris chose closed-cycle steam turbines. Our country has focused on installations with electrochemical generators (batteries).
Battery BTE-50K-E on the test bench in the Krylov State Research Center
The fuel for the engines will be high-purity hydrogen, which will be produced directly on board the submarine by converting diesel fuel to hydrogen-containing gas, which will be supplied to fuel cells that produce electricity.
The development of the latter is engaged in the Central Research Institute of Ship Electrical Engineering and Technology. Electricity is produced by the chemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen. The power of BTE-50K-E is 50 kilowatt, but now a more powerful electrochemical generator is in development - it will be able to produce a hundred. In total, the capacity of installations of promising non-nuclear submarines will be 250-450 kilowatts.
A hydrocarbon fuel converter is also under development.
The problem is that the Russian Federation is interested in such submarines, but to a much lesser extent than in nuclear submarines. A number of Russian enterprises (for example, Malakhit, which works on gas-turbine engines operating in a closed cycle, since 2010) were engaged in the VNEU in a proactive manner.
The decision came from India. New Delhi needed a new diesel-electric boat, and Russia offered it in February 2019 of the year. The Amur-1650 diesel-electric submarines is an export version of the Lada project. The project interested Indians who are ready to provide the necessary funding. This information, according to reports of the Mil.Press resource, was confirmed by Valery Polovinkin, scientific director of the Krylov State Research Center.
20 September 2018 of the year took place the launch of the submarine B-586 "Kronstadt", the second submarine project 677. It is these boats in the future is planned to equip the VNEU. Presumably, the engine should be ready in 2021 year.
April 10 President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov said that in the year 2019 will begin work on the development of an air-independent power plant for non-nuclear submarines.
Early March Edition Flotprom reported that work on the creation of an anaerobic installation suspended due to lack of funding. Now there is money.
But not in the Russian budget.
First of all, it’s worth understanding why for the Russian underwater fleet This topic is important, but not a priority.
VNEU is now one of the main trends for promising non-nuclear submarines. And this is the main point, because for Russia the nuclear fleet is in absolute priority. That it is the main maritime element of deterrence for the United States and NATO countries. If at one time the United States focused on aircraft carriers, the Soviet Union, realizing that financially it would be very difficult for the country to deal with the Americans and their allies, made an emphasis on this element of the nuclear triad.
Diesel-electric boats also remained in the Navy, but the place they had prepared mainly on the outskirts. Their autonomy was several times lower than that of nuclear submarines, and they were also much more noisy. However, the appearance of the first boats with anaerobic plants changed the situation and attitude to non-nuclear boats.
Submarines from VNEU are virtually silent. Their principle is simple: electric motors powered by batteries, whose recharging can be done from diesel generators both on the surface and at depth, lead the boat forward. And if the previous generation of non-nuclear boats was much more noisy than nuclear submarines, then with the advent of air-independent power plants, the situation has changed to the opposite.
The second disadvantage of diesel-electric submarines was that their time spent under water was significantly lower than that of nuclear submarines on average of the order of 20 days against 60-90. However, a new generation of submarines with VNEU is able to remain under water for at least 45 days: such a period is announced, for example, for the Lada project.
There are several types of such installations, and different countries and companies choose their own. Sweden, for example, focused on the Stirling engine. The basis of the German boat engines of the 212 and 214 projects is an electrochemical generator and hydrogen intermetallide storage. Paris chose closed-cycle steam turbines. Our country has focused on installations with electrochemical generators (batteries).
Battery BTE-50K-E on the test bench in the Krylov State Research Center
The fuel for the engines will be high-purity hydrogen, which will be produced directly on board the submarine by converting diesel fuel to hydrogen-containing gas, which will be supplied to fuel cells that produce electricity.
The development of the latter is engaged in the Central Research Institute of Ship Electrical Engineering and Technology. Electricity is produced by the chemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen. The power of BTE-50K-E is 50 kilowatt, but now a more powerful electrochemical generator is in development - it will be able to produce a hundred. In total, the capacity of installations of promising non-nuclear submarines will be 250-450 kilowatts.
A hydrocarbon fuel converter is also under development.
The problem is that the Russian Federation is interested in such submarines, but to a much lesser extent than in nuclear submarines. A number of Russian enterprises (for example, Malakhit, which works on gas-turbine engines operating in a closed cycle, since 2010) were engaged in the VNEU in a proactive manner.
The decision came from India. New Delhi needed a new diesel-electric boat, and Russia offered it in February 2019 of the year. The Amur-1650 diesel-electric submarines is an export version of the Lada project. The project interested Indians who are ready to provide the necessary funding. This information, according to reports of the Mil.Press resource, was confirmed by Valery Polovinkin, scientific director of the Krylov State Research Center.
20 September 2018 of the year took place the launch of the submarine B-586 "Kronstadt", the second submarine project 677. It is these boats in the future is planned to equip the VNEU. Presumably, the engine should be ready in 2021 year.
Information