Day of the National Guard of the Russian Federation
March 27 celebrates its professional holiday with the Russian National Guard. The holiday was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 10 of January 16 of 2017. In order to preserve the continuity of traditions, the Day of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was postponed to this date, and they made it the basis for the formation of the Federal Service of National Guard forces.
It was in 2017, after the creation of a new power structure, for the first time that the Day of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was celebrated as the Day of the National Guard. It is worth noting that the National Guard troops include not only former Interior Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but also private security guards, special forces units, and licensing and permitting work. And, nevertheless, speaking of the National Guard, we today mean, first of all, the former Russian Interior Troops.
During its existence, internal troops were one of the most important components of the protection of the national security of the Russian state. They played a crucial role in localizing and preventing many armed conflicts and mass riots in the country, took part in the aftermath of emergency situations, and assisted border guards in protecting the state border.
The Russian National Guard has a long and remarkable story. It has its roots in the Middle Ages, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible created the oprichnina. Then, the tasks of protecting and maintaining internal order in the country were carried out by a wide variety of formations — archers, Cossacks, and gendarmes. Modern troops of the National Guard can be considered the heirs of the Soviet Internal Troops, which, in turn, were created almost immediately after the victory of the October Revolution.
In the period from January to March 1918, the first armed groups were created, subordinate to the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR. In March 1918 of the year they were renamed the Combat Command of the Cheka, and on April 20 of the 1918 the Main Inspectorate of the Guard of the RSFSR was set up. Until the middle of the 1990-s, the functions of escorting prisoners and guarding places of detention were also assigned to the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. In May, the Internal Security Forces of the Republic (VOKhR) were created 1919, which can already be considered the immediate predecessor of the Soviet internal troops, performing the same tasks.
On September 1, 1920, the Council of Labor and Defense merged the Republic’s Internal Guard Troops, guard troops, railway defense, railway police and water police into the Internal Service Troops (VNUS). After more than two weeks, on September 17 of the same year, the military personnel of the VNUS were equal in rights to the military personnel of the Red Army. Since that time, all the military personnel of the Soviet internal troops enjoyed the same rights as the military personnel of the army and fleet, the acquisition of parts of internal troops was carried out through a single system of military commissariats.
But the series of reorganizations did not end at the formation of the VNUS troops, which was explained by the finding of the Soviet state in the period of the formation of state institutions and services. 19 January 1921, the VChK troops were created, and a year later, in February 1922, the Main Political Directorate (GPU) was created, which included the former VChK and, accordingly, the armed formations subordinate to it.
After the creation of the Soviet Union, the GPU was transformed into the OGPU - the United Main Political Administration of the USSR. New needs for the protection of public order, industrial enterprises, the fight against sabotage and espionage contributed to the creation of new structures within the OGPU troops.
In 1934, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR was created, which included border and internal security. In 1937, the General Directorate of Border and Internal Guard (GUPVO NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR (GUPVV). The number of troops at this time was 28 800 people - as we can see, very few, although in Stalin's time the internal troops had to solve very wide ranges of tasks - from participation in collectivization to the protection and convoy of prisoners.
In parallel with the growth in numbers and reorganizations, the structure of the troops was improved, methods of personnel training were developed, special educational institutions were opened to train the future command and political personnel of the NKVD troops. The Great Patriotic War was a real test of strength for the troops, during which they had to not only solve everyday tasks, but also fight with the Nazi occupiers and their allies.
By 1941, the number of internal troops was 173 900 people, including 27 300 people - in operational units, 63 700 people - in parts for the protection of communication lines, 29 300 people - in parts for the protection of important state-owned enterprises, 38 200 - in convoy troops, 15 400 - in military schools. Thanks to the mobilization of the number of troops increased by 100 thousands of people. The troops stationed in the west of the Soviet Union were the first to take part in the hostilities.
There is a well-known example of a heroic defense that the 230 regiment of the convoy troops of the NKVD of the USSR carried out on the Green Island (Rostov-on-Don). The regiment literally stood to death, defending every inch of the island’s land. The regiment took part in street battles during the defense of Rostov-on-Don in October 1941. In addition to the 230 of the convoy regiment, the 85 and 89 rifle battalions of the 19 rifle division of the NKVD of the USSR, which were carrying out the tasks of protecting important industrial enterprises, participated in the defense of Rostov-on-Don. All 900 people who served in the two battalions fell to the death of the brave during the defense of Rostov-on-Don. Not a single battalion soldier survived.
There are many other examples of heroism of soldiers of internal troops, both during the Great Patriotic War and after the victory. After all, the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs never stopped the daily combat service, which was full of various dangers. Take, for example, the escort troops, who served in the difficult conditions of the Soviet correctional institutions, or operational units.
The idea of creating the National Guard on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation began to be hatched back in the first half of the 1990-s. It was not only and not so much a political decision, as a tribute to the challenges and risks of modern Russian society, the world political situation. However, until 2016, the decision to establish the National Guard was not taken. Only in 2016 did the President of the Russian Federation sign No. 226-FZ “On the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation”, according to which the Federal Service of the National Guard was created.
General of the Army Viktor Zolotov, formerly commander-in-chief of the Interior Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, was appointed director of the Federal Service of National Guard troops — the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard troops. Zolotov is a native of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and he began his service in the USSR State Security Committee, in the legendary "nine".
Today, the FSFNG performs a very wide range of tasks in the sphere of the national security of the Russian state. First of all, this is, of course, the protection of public order and the provision of public security. Secondly, the FSVNG remained entrusted with the task of protecting important state facilities, special cargoes, facilities on communications, which were previously performed by the MVD of the Russian Federation. Thirdly, the FSFVNG solves the tasks of combating extremism, terrorism, ensuring the counterterrorist operation regimes, the state of emergency and martial law. Finally, FSFNG assists the police authorities, the border agencies of the FSB of the Russian Federation, and is engaged in ensuring state supervision over the observance of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the sphere of trafficking. weapons and the organization of private security activities.
The personnel of the Federal Service of National Guard troops are represented by military personnel (former Internal Troops), employees (private security, licensing and permitting authorities), civilian personnel. Correspondingly, FSFVG officers have both military ranks and special police ranks.
One of the oldest formations in the composition of the FSFVN is the Separate Orders of Zhukov, Lenin and the October Revolution. The Red Banner Operational Division named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. The division includes operational, combat and logistical support units. Parts of the division took part in almost all conflicts in the territory of the Russian Federation and the former Soviet Union.
The exploits of the Soviet military today inspire their successors - the soldiers of the Russian National Guard. Many veterans of the military operations in Afghanistan and counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus still serve in the ranks of the National Guard. Some of them are at the highest positions in the Federal Service of the National Guard. Thus, the first deputy director of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation - the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of Russia is Colonel-General Sergey Alimovich Melikov - a combat officer, Hero of Russia, “spotlight beret”, a member of the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus. And there are a lot of such military officers in the troops of the National Guard.
Take at least the riot police and special forces units that are part of the National Guard. They have always served the most militarily and physically trained police officers. Almost all Russian riot police and sobrovtsy have real experience of participating in hostilities, in counter-terrorism activities. One can talk endlessly about the feats of sobrovtsy and OMON in the fight against criminals, terrorists, including during the fighting in Chechnya and other "hot spots".
But even in peaceful life, the Rosgvardians perform feats, sometimes paying for them with their health, and even with their lives. The National Guard, like its predecessor, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, can rightly be called one of the most belligerent security forces in our country.
The feat accomplished in September 2014 by the commander of a military unit (a separate regiment for the protection of important state facilities and special cargoes) Colonel Serik Sultangabiyev is impressive. At the shooting range in the Sverdlovsk region, classes were conducted in combat grenade throwing. However, one soldier at the turn of a combat grenade throwing dropped a grenade brought into a combat position. Colonel Sultangabiev pushed the soldier away from the grenade and covered it with himself. As a result of the explosion, the officer, fortunately, survived, although he was seriously injured. For this feat of 24 in November 2014, Mr. Serik Sultangabiev was awarded the high title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
The feat of a young police lieutenant Magomed Nurbagandov, who served as the legal adviser of the Department of private security in the Republic of Dagestan, thundered all over Russia. His words “Work, brothers!” Became the true motto of the Russian law enforcement officers. Now, his younger colleagues serving in various structures of the FSFVG are equal to Nurbagandov's feat.
Today, on the Day of the National Guard Troops, “Military Review” congratulates all active and former military personnel, staff, and civilian personnel of the FSFVG. I wish you health, happiness, and most importantly - do without combat losses.
It was in 2017, after the creation of a new power structure, for the first time that the Day of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was celebrated as the Day of the National Guard. It is worth noting that the National Guard troops include not only former Interior Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but also private security guards, special forces units, and licensing and permitting work. And, nevertheless, speaking of the National Guard, we today mean, first of all, the former Russian Interior Troops.
During its existence, internal troops were one of the most important components of the protection of the national security of the Russian state. They played a crucial role in localizing and preventing many armed conflicts and mass riots in the country, took part in the aftermath of emergency situations, and assisted border guards in protecting the state border.
The Russian National Guard has a long and remarkable story. It has its roots in the Middle Ages, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible created the oprichnina. Then, the tasks of protecting and maintaining internal order in the country were carried out by a wide variety of formations — archers, Cossacks, and gendarmes. Modern troops of the National Guard can be considered the heirs of the Soviet Internal Troops, which, in turn, were created almost immediately after the victory of the October Revolution.
In the period from January to March 1918, the first armed groups were created, subordinate to the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR. In March 1918 of the year they were renamed the Combat Command of the Cheka, and on April 20 of the 1918 the Main Inspectorate of the Guard of the RSFSR was set up. Until the middle of the 1990-s, the functions of escorting prisoners and guarding places of detention were also assigned to the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. In May, the Internal Security Forces of the Republic (VOKhR) were created 1919, which can already be considered the immediate predecessor of the Soviet internal troops, performing the same tasks.
On September 1, 1920, the Council of Labor and Defense merged the Republic’s Internal Guard Troops, guard troops, railway defense, railway police and water police into the Internal Service Troops (VNUS). After more than two weeks, on September 17 of the same year, the military personnel of the VNUS were equal in rights to the military personnel of the Red Army. Since that time, all the military personnel of the Soviet internal troops enjoyed the same rights as the military personnel of the army and fleet, the acquisition of parts of internal troops was carried out through a single system of military commissariats.
But the series of reorganizations did not end at the formation of the VNUS troops, which was explained by the finding of the Soviet state in the period of the formation of state institutions and services. 19 January 1921, the VChK troops were created, and a year later, in February 1922, the Main Political Directorate (GPU) was created, which included the former VChK and, accordingly, the armed formations subordinate to it.
After the creation of the Soviet Union, the GPU was transformed into the OGPU - the United Main Political Administration of the USSR. New needs for the protection of public order, industrial enterprises, the fight against sabotage and espionage contributed to the creation of new structures within the OGPU troops.
In 1934, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR was created, which included border and internal security. In 1937, the General Directorate of Border and Internal Guard (GUPVO NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR (GUPVV). The number of troops at this time was 28 800 people - as we can see, very few, although in Stalin's time the internal troops had to solve very wide ranges of tasks - from participation in collectivization to the protection and convoy of prisoners.
In parallel with the growth in numbers and reorganizations, the structure of the troops was improved, methods of personnel training were developed, special educational institutions were opened to train the future command and political personnel of the NKVD troops. The Great Patriotic War was a real test of strength for the troops, during which they had to not only solve everyday tasks, but also fight with the Nazi occupiers and their allies.
By 1941, the number of internal troops was 173 900 people, including 27 300 people - in operational units, 63 700 people - in parts for the protection of communication lines, 29 300 people - in parts for the protection of important state-owned enterprises, 38 200 - in convoy troops, 15 400 - in military schools. Thanks to the mobilization of the number of troops increased by 100 thousands of people. The troops stationed in the west of the Soviet Union were the first to take part in the hostilities.
There is a well-known example of a heroic defense that the 230 regiment of the convoy troops of the NKVD of the USSR carried out on the Green Island (Rostov-on-Don). The regiment literally stood to death, defending every inch of the island’s land. The regiment took part in street battles during the defense of Rostov-on-Don in October 1941. In addition to the 230 of the convoy regiment, the 85 and 89 rifle battalions of the 19 rifle division of the NKVD of the USSR, which were carrying out the tasks of protecting important industrial enterprises, participated in the defense of Rostov-on-Don. All 900 people who served in the two battalions fell to the death of the brave during the defense of Rostov-on-Don. Not a single battalion soldier survived.
There are many other examples of heroism of soldiers of internal troops, both during the Great Patriotic War and after the victory. After all, the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs never stopped the daily combat service, which was full of various dangers. Take, for example, the escort troops, who served in the difficult conditions of the Soviet correctional institutions, or operational units.
The idea of creating the National Guard on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation began to be hatched back in the first half of the 1990-s. It was not only and not so much a political decision, as a tribute to the challenges and risks of modern Russian society, the world political situation. However, until 2016, the decision to establish the National Guard was not taken. Only in 2016 did the President of the Russian Federation sign No. 226-FZ “On the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation”, according to which the Federal Service of the National Guard was created.
General of the Army Viktor Zolotov, formerly commander-in-chief of the Interior Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, was appointed director of the Federal Service of National Guard troops — the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard troops. Zolotov is a native of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, and he began his service in the USSR State Security Committee, in the legendary "nine".
Today, the FSFNG performs a very wide range of tasks in the sphere of the national security of the Russian state. First of all, this is, of course, the protection of public order and the provision of public security. Secondly, the FSVNG remained entrusted with the task of protecting important state facilities, special cargoes, facilities on communications, which were previously performed by the MVD of the Russian Federation. Thirdly, the FSFVNG solves the tasks of combating extremism, terrorism, ensuring the counterterrorist operation regimes, the state of emergency and martial law. Finally, FSFNG assists the police authorities, the border agencies of the FSB of the Russian Federation, and is engaged in ensuring state supervision over the observance of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the sphere of trafficking. weapons and the organization of private security activities.
The personnel of the Federal Service of National Guard troops are represented by military personnel (former Internal Troops), employees (private security, licensing and permitting authorities), civilian personnel. Correspondingly, FSFVG officers have both military ranks and special police ranks.
One of the oldest formations in the composition of the FSFVN is the Separate Orders of Zhukov, Lenin and the October Revolution. The Red Banner Operational Division named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. The division includes operational, combat and logistical support units. Parts of the division took part in almost all conflicts in the territory of the Russian Federation and the former Soviet Union.
The exploits of the Soviet military today inspire their successors - the soldiers of the Russian National Guard. Many veterans of the military operations in Afghanistan and counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus still serve in the ranks of the National Guard. Some of them are at the highest positions in the Federal Service of the National Guard. Thus, the first deputy director of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation - the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of Russia is Colonel-General Sergey Alimovich Melikov - a combat officer, Hero of Russia, “spotlight beret”, a member of the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus. And there are a lot of such military officers in the troops of the National Guard.
Take at least the riot police and special forces units that are part of the National Guard. They have always served the most militarily and physically trained police officers. Almost all Russian riot police and sobrovtsy have real experience of participating in hostilities, in counter-terrorism activities. One can talk endlessly about the feats of sobrovtsy and OMON in the fight against criminals, terrorists, including during the fighting in Chechnya and other "hot spots".
But even in peaceful life, the Rosgvardians perform feats, sometimes paying for them with their health, and even with their lives. The National Guard, like its predecessor, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, can rightly be called one of the most belligerent security forces in our country.
The feat accomplished in September 2014 by the commander of a military unit (a separate regiment for the protection of important state facilities and special cargoes) Colonel Serik Sultangabiyev is impressive. At the shooting range in the Sverdlovsk region, classes were conducted in combat grenade throwing. However, one soldier at the turn of a combat grenade throwing dropped a grenade brought into a combat position. Colonel Sultangabiev pushed the soldier away from the grenade and covered it with himself. As a result of the explosion, the officer, fortunately, survived, although he was seriously injured. For this feat of 24 in November 2014, Mr. Serik Sultangabiev was awarded the high title of Hero of the Russian Federation. The feat of a young police lieutenant Magomed Nurbagandov, who served as the legal adviser of the Department of private security in the Republic of Dagestan, thundered all over Russia. His words “Work, brothers!” Became the true motto of the Russian law enforcement officers. Now, his younger colleagues serving in various structures of the FSFVG are equal to Nurbagandov's feat.
Today, on the Day of the National Guard Troops, “Military Review” congratulates all active and former military personnel, staff, and civilian personnel of the FSFVG. I wish you health, happiness, and most importantly - do without combat losses.
Information