From the history of artillery education in Russia. H. 3
We ignore the consideration of the organizational formations and re-formations of artillery schools, their renaming and repeated associations with the engineering school with the subsequent division, but are only trying to trace some trends in the development of artillery education in Russia.
Set in 1756 at the head of Russian artillery, P. I. Shuvalov drew attention to the need to have educated people - and was forced to take up artillery schools.
P.I. Shuvalov
According to Shuvalov’s 9 of June 1759, it was indicated to start a “special printing house for printing the most important artillery and engineering corpses of essays and books translated into Russian dialect from other languages, on the same basis as in the land Cadet gentry corps made” (Centenary of the Ministry of War - Main Artillery Directorate. SPB, 1902. C. 257.). Shuvalov conceived the transformation of this school into a gentry corps "for artillery and engineering." This thought was carried out by Shuvalov’s successor, A. N. Vilbon in 1762.
The establishment of the Corps was of great importance for raising the level of artillery education. Methods of teaching were given a direction different from those used in artillery schools. Thanks to the increased volume of funds being disbursed and attention to the Corps from the government, knowledgeable people are involved in teaching. In the Corps not only taught, but also brought up. Of particular note is the teacher who bore the title of “director of the Classes,” I. A. Veliyashev-Volyntsev, who wrote one of the first Artillery Courses (we have already mentioned above). Many well-known artillerymen emerged from the Corps, who became famous not only by the artillery line, but also in other fields: Kutuzov M.I., Buksgevden O.A., Arakcheev A.A. and others.
Among the Corps pets released during the period under review to artillery, the following should be mentioned:
V. G. Kostenetsky - a selfless hero, distinguished by courage and determination; he participated in all the wars of the epoch - from the assault of Ochakov (1789) to the end of the Patriotic War 1812;
LM Yashvil, who participated with the same distinction in the battles under the command of A. V. Suvorov (Ochakov, Ishmael, Akkerman) and in the Napoleonic Wars;
PM Kaptsevich - a participant in many wars, in addition to the military service, who worked a lot in the central offices - especially when he was an employee of Arakcheev.
Particularly high was the artillery case in the Corps during the administration of the last AI Markevich (1812 - 1832).
A.I. Markevich was the largest scientist. He wrote a voluminous essay (1700 p. Large format) entitled "Course of the artillery art", published in 1820 - 1824. In this essay, not only were information about guns, shells, etc., but also extensive extracts from the reports of experiments, as well as articles on tactics, mechanics, fortification, attack, and defense of fortresses. This work was like an artillery encyclopedia.
How much Arakcheev did for the Russian artillery is well known. Speaking about this side of Arakcheev’s activity, one cannot but point out schools that were organized not without his participation in the Gatchina troops.
A. A. Arakcheev
A school of three divisions or, rather, classes was established in Gatchina troops. The first was taught penmanship, Russian, arithmetic, initial geometry; Here the ensigns and infantry and cavalry officers studied. In the second, artillery cadets studied Russian, mathematics and artillery. In the third, tactics and fortification were taught to all officers. The classes were conducted under the direction of artillery officers Kaptsevich, Sivers and Aprelev - from 14 to 16 hours daily (Ratch 1-th. Information about the artillery of the Gatchina troops. SPB, 1851. C. 93.).
The installation of training in this school and in general in the Gatchina troops was of great importance for the dissemination of correct views on the service of artillery and its combat use. In the Gatchina troops everything was strictly regulated - based on the experience of military and peacetime.
24 February 1804, on the initiative of Arakcheev, establishes a "Provisional Artillery Committee", which, in fact, was a permanent institution to consider proposals for the artillery unit and the production of experiments. In this Committee, the aforementioned Mackiewicz was particularly notable for his knowledge and the breadth of views. The committee developed instructions, instructions, decrees, which had a great influence on raising education and increasing interest in artillery, and contributed to the improvement of artillery. By the way, Arakcheev gave the following order to the Committee:
“About all the appearances in this (the Committee) for the study of the projectors, which is useful for the test, or the unfounded and weak notions of the projectors will be opened, published in the newspapers” (Centenary of the Ministry of War. C. 410.).
This order, undoubtedly, should have had a great influence both on the work of the Committee, which could have been widely criticized, and on the projectors, who could not help but reflect on the project before presenting it.
According to the Regulation on the Committee, approved by 14 of December 1808, examinations of all persons submitted for artillery production were to be held in the presence of all members of the Committee.
Section 6 states:
“In order to provide artillery officers with the means of acquiring necessary knowledge for an artilleryman, the Committee publishes an artillery magazine of useful and entertaining content for an artillery officer.”
In the decree about the publication of the Artillery magazine, the Committee, by the way, expressed the following wish:
“Not only each member of the Committee, but all general lovers of science, especially those serving in artillery, are invited to participate in the useful publication by sending an essay to the provisional artillery committee to submit their essays, observations on practical exercises, extracts and translations concerning artillery related to the journal” .
It is interesting to note the following indications of the cited ruling. All materials submitted for placement in the Artillery magazine "should be reviewed at the meeting of all members and when they are suitable for placement in the magazine, they will be given to the Publisher of the Journal by approving the entire Committee's subscription ...".
An interesting announcement about the publication and acceptance of a subscription to the Artillery magazine, printed by the Committee in "Addition to the 16 No. St. Petersburg Vedomosti" 25 February 1808. Here is an extract from the latter:
“Thus, setting forth the following improvements in artillery as a Magazine, a vast field opens to the popularity of movable science lovers, in which no doubt new sources will arise to enrich this science with most useful works and to that much of this part of martial art improvement.”
Also during the management of the Arakcheyev artillery, several different levels were established for the lower ranks and officers.
Thus, artillery education was developed before the memorable event - the foundation of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School in 1820 (November 25) of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, which became the flagship in promoting artillery knowledge.
The main building of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School
Set in 1756 at the head of Russian artillery, P. I. Shuvalov drew attention to the need to have educated people - and was forced to take up artillery schools.
P.I. Shuvalov
According to Shuvalov’s 9 of June 1759, it was indicated to start a “special printing house for printing the most important artillery and engineering corpses of essays and books translated into Russian dialect from other languages, on the same basis as in the land Cadet gentry corps made” (Centenary of the Ministry of War - Main Artillery Directorate. SPB, 1902. C. 257.). Shuvalov conceived the transformation of this school into a gentry corps "for artillery and engineering." This thought was carried out by Shuvalov’s successor, A. N. Vilbon in 1762.
The establishment of the Corps was of great importance for raising the level of artillery education. Methods of teaching were given a direction different from those used in artillery schools. Thanks to the increased volume of funds being disbursed and attention to the Corps from the government, knowledgeable people are involved in teaching. In the Corps not only taught, but also brought up. Of particular note is the teacher who bore the title of “director of the Classes,” I. A. Veliyashev-Volyntsev, who wrote one of the first Artillery Courses (we have already mentioned above). Many well-known artillerymen emerged from the Corps, who became famous not only by the artillery line, but also in other fields: Kutuzov M.I., Buksgevden O.A., Arakcheev A.A. and others.
Among the Corps pets released during the period under review to artillery, the following should be mentioned:
V. G. Kostenetsky - a selfless hero, distinguished by courage and determination; he participated in all the wars of the epoch - from the assault of Ochakov (1789) to the end of the Patriotic War 1812;
LM Yashvil, who participated with the same distinction in the battles under the command of A. V. Suvorov (Ochakov, Ishmael, Akkerman) and in the Napoleonic Wars;
PM Kaptsevich - a participant in many wars, in addition to the military service, who worked a lot in the central offices - especially when he was an employee of Arakcheev.
Particularly high was the artillery case in the Corps during the administration of the last AI Markevich (1812 - 1832).
A.I. Markevich was the largest scientist. He wrote a voluminous essay (1700 p. Large format) entitled "Course of the artillery art", published in 1820 - 1824. In this essay, not only were information about guns, shells, etc., but also extensive extracts from the reports of experiments, as well as articles on tactics, mechanics, fortification, attack, and defense of fortresses. This work was like an artillery encyclopedia.
How much Arakcheev did for the Russian artillery is well known. Speaking about this side of Arakcheev’s activity, one cannot but point out schools that were organized not without his participation in the Gatchina troops.
A. A. Arakcheev
A school of three divisions or, rather, classes was established in Gatchina troops. The first was taught penmanship, Russian, arithmetic, initial geometry; Here the ensigns and infantry and cavalry officers studied. In the second, artillery cadets studied Russian, mathematics and artillery. In the third, tactics and fortification were taught to all officers. The classes were conducted under the direction of artillery officers Kaptsevich, Sivers and Aprelev - from 14 to 16 hours daily (Ratch 1-th. Information about the artillery of the Gatchina troops. SPB, 1851. C. 93.).
The installation of training in this school and in general in the Gatchina troops was of great importance for the dissemination of correct views on the service of artillery and its combat use. In the Gatchina troops everything was strictly regulated - based on the experience of military and peacetime.
24 February 1804, on the initiative of Arakcheev, establishes a "Provisional Artillery Committee", which, in fact, was a permanent institution to consider proposals for the artillery unit and the production of experiments. In this Committee, the aforementioned Mackiewicz was particularly notable for his knowledge and the breadth of views. The committee developed instructions, instructions, decrees, which had a great influence on raising education and increasing interest in artillery, and contributed to the improvement of artillery. By the way, Arakcheev gave the following order to the Committee:
“About all the appearances in this (the Committee) for the study of the projectors, which is useful for the test, or the unfounded and weak notions of the projectors will be opened, published in the newspapers” (Centenary of the Ministry of War. C. 410.).
This order, undoubtedly, should have had a great influence both on the work of the Committee, which could have been widely criticized, and on the projectors, who could not help but reflect on the project before presenting it.
According to the Regulation on the Committee, approved by 14 of December 1808, examinations of all persons submitted for artillery production were to be held in the presence of all members of the Committee.
Section 6 states:
“In order to provide artillery officers with the means of acquiring necessary knowledge for an artilleryman, the Committee publishes an artillery magazine of useful and entertaining content for an artillery officer.”
In the decree about the publication of the Artillery magazine, the Committee, by the way, expressed the following wish:
“Not only each member of the Committee, but all general lovers of science, especially those serving in artillery, are invited to participate in the useful publication by sending an essay to the provisional artillery committee to submit their essays, observations on practical exercises, extracts and translations concerning artillery related to the journal” .
It is interesting to note the following indications of the cited ruling. All materials submitted for placement in the Artillery magazine "should be reviewed at the meeting of all members and when they are suitable for placement in the magazine, they will be given to the Publisher of the Journal by approving the entire Committee's subscription ...".
An interesting announcement about the publication and acceptance of a subscription to the Artillery magazine, printed by the Committee in "Addition to the 16 No. St. Petersburg Vedomosti" 25 February 1808. Here is an extract from the latter:
“Thus, setting forth the following improvements in artillery as a Magazine, a vast field opens to the popularity of movable science lovers, in which no doubt new sources will arise to enrich this science with most useful works and to that much of this part of martial art improvement.”
Also during the management of the Arakcheyev artillery, several different levels were established for the lower ranks and officers.
Thus, artillery education was developed before the memorable event - the foundation of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School in 1820 (November 25) of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, which became the flagship in promoting artillery knowledge.
The main building of the Mikhailovsky Artillery School
- Semyon Zadonsky
- From the history of artillery education in Russia. H. 2
From the history of artillery education in Russia. H. 1
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