Submarines and psychological warfare. Part of 2
In order to understand how Americans succeeded that succeeded, it is necessary to understand what command structures all these events managed.
To do this, turn to the sixties. 5 May 1968 of the year near the island of Oahu, part of the Hawaiian archipelago killed diesel submarine - carrier of ballistic missiles K-129.
The US Navy, interested in getting a sunken submarine itself, created a special department to coordinate with the CIA. It was this, at that time non-permanent structure, that coordinated the secret operation to lift the K-129, which the Americans carried out. Over time, this department has become a full-fledged member of the American intelligence community. The structure was named NURO - National Underwater Reconnaissance Office, translated as “Office of National Underwater Intelligence”.
NURO is the oldest and most authoritative branch of the American military intelligence community, and at the same time, the most secret. It is enough that officially the existence of this structure was not recognized until the 1998 year! NURO perfectly existed by that time for more than thirty years, and conducted military operations. According to the accepted procedure, the head of NURO should be the Minister of the Navy.
In 1981, this post was taken by John Francis Lehman.
Lehman is the man with whom the success of the US Navy in their confrontation with the Soviet Navy in the 80s is inextricably linked. And, it must be said that the main successes in this confrontation were not played by aircraft carriers or surface ships. These were submarines.
In those years, the U.S. Navy carried out intensive efforts to exert powerful military pressure on the Soviet Navy, and, among other things, conducted massive special and intelligence operations against the Soviet Union. The governing will of Lehman and his admiral henchmen turned these operations into a real Crusade. Even before Lehman, in the 70s, under the leadership of NURO, forces conducted by the Americans specially equipped for reconnaissance of the Habibut nuclear submarine carried out reconnaissance operations in those waters that the USSR declared closed, for example, in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Americans, for example, systematically "combed" the seabed at the training grounds of the Pacific fleet, in order to search for the wreckage of Soviet anti-ship missiles.
For example, they managed to collect more than two million fragments of the B-500 R-2 Bazalt anti-ship missiles, which allowed the Americans to completely reconstruct the rocket, carry out its “reverse engineering”, and develop effective means for REP. In the event of a war with the United States, these missiles would prove to be mostly useless.
It is worth noting that Americans carried out such operations in the post-Soviet period, as in the Northern Fleet in 1995 there was an episode when a pair of PDSS fighters who had the task of preventing such actions of this kind were killed - someone sneaked up to them and cut the hoses of rebreathers a knife. Such operations are being carried out even now (and the Navy should be worried about this, as well as how our anti-ship missiles will be effective against not only US ships, but also against ships of friendly US countries).
Under the leadership of NURO, Operation Ivy Bells (ivy flowers) was carried out to install listening equipment on communication cables of the Pacific Fleet, which ran along the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk. Then a series of similar operations were performed with more sophisticated spy equipment.
The actions against the USSR were sharply intensified with the arrival of the Navy Minister of the Navy Lehman for the post of chief of the NURO.
Lehman, being a convinced Catholic, hated the atheistic USSR. The fight against the Soviet Union was for him a personal crusade (as for any American Catholic). Being a “real” American, he absolutely did not consider it necessary to be careful in choosing the means, and proceeded from the postulates “Winners are not judged” and “America is always right.” Under Lehman, SEAL special forces raids on Soviet territory began, and they were so frequent that American mini-submarines were sometimes discovered even by accident, even in the afternoon. True, sloppiness in the Navy and the Marine aviation not allowed to sink or capture any of them. The American nuclear submarines received tasks that needed to be carried out directly in the Soviet territorial waters, and special forces carried out power grabs of Soviet military equipment directly at sea.
For example, during an anti-submarine search operation of the Soviet Navy “Mustache Tit” in 1985, the Americans, by some unidentified method, cut off a flexible, long-range sonar antenna from GISU “Sever”. The antenna cable turned out to be bitten, but no acoustic signature was recorded at the previous moment, the antenna simply disappeared, and the flow of data on the hydroacoustic situation was interrupted with it.
Sometimes military or border guards found bookmarks and caches made by foreign task forces.
These were hot times. And it is not surprising that the incident with the Soviet submarine in the Swedish territorial waters was used, which is called “in full”.
The details of these operations are still kept secret, and with the exception of what Weinberger blurted out in 2000, there was no information from the Americans and there was no information. This is understandable, such things are silent forever.
But we can make some guesses. Firstly, the fact that the operations were coordinated by NURO and Lehmann can be considered a reliable fact - it was their responsibility, which they did. Moreover, one of the officers of the CIA confirmed this fact to Tunander in a private conversation.
Secondly, the Dutch submarine example in 2014 shows that non-US submarines could be used in these operations. The latter fact also confirms the information collected by Tunander. So, it is known about the British participation in these operations, which was interrupted only for the time of the Falkland conflict.
Third, we can roughly guess what types of submarines were used in these provocations.
In his work "Submarine Deception In Swedish Waters in the 1980s"(" Some notes about the fraudulent actions of US and British submarines in Swedish waters on 1980 ") Tunander gives an estimate of one Swedish intelligence officer who claims that the British diesel-electric submarines of the Oberon class were used in these operations. First of all, we are talking about the Orpheus submarine (Orpheus), which was equipped with a lock chamber for five combat swimmers. According to this officer, submarines passed through the Danish straits submerged a couple of times a year (although this is prohibited by international standards), while the Danes did not mention this fact. Then they carried out various operations in the Baltic, including in the territorial waters of Sweden.
Later, Tunander sought out two officers of the KVMS of Great Britain who in the early eighties participated in such raids, commanding Oberon-class submarines. One of them said that during the operations on disembarking special forces from the Special Boat Service on the Soviet territory and its evacuation, in the early eighties, back to the Danish straits, it departed along the Swedish coast. To disclose any information about actions near or inside the Swedish territorial waters, this officer refused.
The second privately acknowledged that operations in the Gulf of Bothnia took place, but he refused to clarify anything.
According to the American submarines, Tunander collected a fairly large amount of evidence that could indicate the ultra-low nuclear submarine NR-1, which had been in service with the US Navy for a long time. This submarine, officially classified as a “rescue”, in fact could not be used as such, due to a host of factors, such as the lack of space on board for the rescued or equipment for resuscitation, but it had manipulators for remote work at the bottom and retractable wheels for hidden movement under the bottom, without the use of a propeller (which guarantees near-zero noise). So some of the acoustic signature records made by the Swedish Navy during the chase for submarines are most similar to the NR-1 signature.
Actually, covert operations are exactly what the NR-1 was created for, and it is not surprising if the Americans used it. The only question is that the NR-1 needed to have a support vessel, but covertly re-equip any transport for this task was not a problem for the Americans.
Regarding more serious submarines, Thunander throws suspicion on the Seawolf SSN-575 and Cavalla SSN-684 submarines, which in the early eighties were upgraded with a lock chamber for disembarking combat swimmers.
In fact, the idea of hidden passages of nuclear submarines in the close and shallow Baltic Sea looks strange and causes distrust.
However, there is one fact that can indirectly serve as a confirmation of the Tununder version.
As already mentioned in the previous part, in 1982, a foreign submarine found in Swedish territorial waters was damaged by depth charges. Tunander gives a lot of details of this event, including a signal spot, released a damaged submarine to the surface, which absolutely unambiguously characterizes this submarine as an American one, details regarding who left this submarine, testimony of Swedish Navy officers who heard sounds that are uniquely classified as the ongoing struggle for survivability and much more.
And at the same time, we know that the Civulf submarine, mentioned by Tununder, during secret operations of the 80-s, was seriously damaged and really fought for survivability. We know that this boat was awarded a medal for “Damage Control” for success in the struggle for survivability. And at the same time, this boat received a medal "Battle Excellence", which is given to the ships that distinguished themselves during the fighting. We know that in 1983, the boat was at the shipyard and was undergoing repairs, officially due to damage in the Pacific after the storm. Unofficially - due to injuries sustained during a secret operation somewhere in Soviet territorial waters. But who said that secret operations can only be in Soviet territorial waters?
There is one more evidence, unfortunately, all references to it have been removed from the Internet.
In the 1988 year, during the last incident that occurred before the collapse of the USSR, the following happened. During testing, a Swedish anti-submarine helicopter of the type “Vesterjotland”, a Swedish anti-submarine helicopter tracking its movement, detected an underwater target “hanging on its tail” by a Swedish boat. To check, the Swedish boat received an order to immediately surface, which was done. And then, an unknown object, abruptly picking up the course, slipped under the Swedish submarine and went into neutral waters with a “tremendous” speed, as it was then indicated.
Such a maneuver (separation) clearly indicates that an unknown object had a nuclear power plant, and the instantaneous set of power and stroke is a distinctive feature of American nuclear power plants.
So, it should be recognized that the version of the penetration of American submarines into the Baltic Sea and the secret operations conducted by them there, at least, has a right to exist.
In 1998, the book “Blind man's bluff” by Sherry Sontag, Christopher Drew and Annette Lawrence Drew was published. The book tells about the American secret operations of the Cold War, which used nuclear submarines. It cannot be said that this book would cover the topic completely, but at the end of this book there is a list of awards of American submarines broken down by year. Some of the submarines mentioned there do not appear in any well-known military operations, but their rewarding correlates to date with incidents in Swedish territorial waters.
And, as Thunander mentioned in his book, German submarines also participated in these operations. And recently we all saw a Dutch submarine posing as "Varshavyanka" or "Lada".
All this should be for us the most serious lesson. The influence of the small-sized Swedish “fifth column”, led by Gladio’s terrorist network activist Carl Bildt, and the systematic demonstration of periscopes to ordinary Swedes, led a large and important country to actively drift toward NATO hostile to our country. This, of course, weakened - already weakened - our defense capability, and caused tremendous political damage.
And the stupidity and incompetence of a single crew of an old submarine on a secondary theater of military operations became the root cause of this huge in scale process.
But the main thing is our inability to realize with what level of cynicism the West can act, how disregarding the United States, Britain and their NATO allies can relate to international norms and to the sovereignty of formally friendly nations for the sake of damage to our country.
And also - our inability to understand at what professional level our opponent can play if he is “squeezed”.
We are up to this level, unfortunately, still grow and grow.
And yet this is an example of what a professionally trained, well-equipped and properly managed fleet can do. This whole story is a reason to think for those who, in their wretched understanding of the issue, understand by the word "fleet" just a set of ships - even small ones (especially them), even large ones.
It remains only to hope that sometime in our intellectual development we will rise to a level allowing to counteract such strategies, and at the same time we are finally aware that the Anglo-Saxons and their assistants need to be put long ago outside the framework of ordinary human morality.
Ask questions:
1. Is there still a network of "Gladio", from which the Swedish "fifth column" has grown, the same "Military Sweden" Ole Tunundera?
2. If not, what is in its place?
3. Does the RF have agents inside?
4. Were details of the American-British operations in Swedish territorial waters disclosed at least at the intelligence level?
5. Have countermeasures been thought out against these operations continuing in the future (and they will continue - the Anglo-Saxons are not abandoning working “tools”)?
As the example of 2014 of the year shows, there were no countermeasures, except for Konashenkov’s statement ignored by all foreign media. And even getting into the press photo of the Dutch submarine did not change anything, absolutely. The power of the media machines of the West completely allows you to ignore reality.
What should be done in the correct version when the USA and their hangers-on again try to play the Russian submarine card in Swedish waters?
Theoretically, the correct answer is: it must be drowned... Yes, kill a bunch of Americans or Dutch or Germans or whoever will be there for a picture in the news - there is nothing “like that” in it.
How to do it?
This question is already very interesting, and, probably, you should not discuss it openly. Naturally, the participation of the Baltic Fleet in such an operation should be reduced to zero. But this does not mean at all that it is not necessary to do it, or that it is impossible.
And in such a situation, no media resources will be able to ignore the simple fact of whose submarine was eventually found in the Swedish territorial waters (with all the ensuing consequences). Here every Swedish Tunandera will popret the map - and there are quite a lot of them there.
And it would be nice to learn how to arrange such provocations themselves. There are quite a few countries in the world whose destruction of relations with the United States and Britain would benefit us. We should also think about carrying out somewhere “operations under a false flag” and not necessarily with submarines.
We live in a very cruel world. It is time for us to understand this simple fact and begin to act accordingly.
To do this, turn to the sixties. 5 May 1968 of the year near the island of Oahu, part of the Hawaiian archipelago killed diesel submarine - carrier of ballistic missiles K-129.
The US Navy, interested in getting a sunken submarine itself, created a special department to coordinate with the CIA. It was this, at that time non-permanent structure, that coordinated the secret operation to lift the K-129, which the Americans carried out. Over time, this department has become a full-fledged member of the American intelligence community. The structure was named NURO - National Underwater Reconnaissance Office, translated as “Office of National Underwater Intelligence”.
NURO is the oldest and most authoritative branch of the American military intelligence community, and at the same time, the most secret. It is enough that officially the existence of this structure was not recognized until the 1998 year! NURO perfectly existed by that time for more than thirty years, and conducted military operations. According to the accepted procedure, the head of NURO should be the Minister of the Navy.
In 1981, this post was taken by John Francis Lehman.
Lehman is the man with whom the success of the US Navy in their confrontation with the Soviet Navy in the 80s is inextricably linked. And, it must be said that the main successes in this confrontation were not played by aircraft carriers or surface ships. These were submarines.
In those years, the U.S. Navy carried out intensive efforts to exert powerful military pressure on the Soviet Navy, and, among other things, conducted massive special and intelligence operations against the Soviet Union. The governing will of Lehman and his admiral henchmen turned these operations into a real Crusade. Even before Lehman, in the 70s, under the leadership of NURO, forces conducted by the Americans specially equipped for reconnaissance of the Habibut nuclear submarine carried out reconnaissance operations in those waters that the USSR declared closed, for example, in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Americans, for example, systematically "combed" the seabed at the training grounds of the Pacific fleet, in order to search for the wreckage of Soviet anti-ship missiles.
For example, they managed to collect more than two million fragments of the B-500 R-2 Bazalt anti-ship missiles, which allowed the Americans to completely reconstruct the rocket, carry out its “reverse engineering”, and develop effective means for REP. In the event of a war with the United States, these missiles would prove to be mostly useless.
It is worth noting that Americans carried out such operations in the post-Soviet period, as in the Northern Fleet in 1995 there was an episode when a pair of PDSS fighters who had the task of preventing such actions of this kind were killed - someone sneaked up to them and cut the hoses of rebreathers a knife. Such operations are being carried out even now (and the Navy should be worried about this, as well as how our anti-ship missiles will be effective against not only US ships, but also against ships of friendly US countries).
Under the leadership of NURO, Operation Ivy Bells (ivy flowers) was carried out to install listening equipment on communication cables of the Pacific Fleet, which ran along the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk. Then a series of similar operations were performed with more sophisticated spy equipment.
The actions against the USSR were sharply intensified with the arrival of the Navy Minister of the Navy Lehman for the post of chief of the NURO.
Lehman, being a convinced Catholic, hated the atheistic USSR. The fight against the Soviet Union was for him a personal crusade (as for any American Catholic). Being a “real” American, he absolutely did not consider it necessary to be careful in choosing the means, and proceeded from the postulates “Winners are not judged” and “America is always right.” Under Lehman, SEAL special forces raids on Soviet territory began, and they were so frequent that American mini-submarines were sometimes discovered even by accident, even in the afternoon. True, sloppiness in the Navy and the Marine aviation not allowed to sink or capture any of them. The American nuclear submarines received tasks that needed to be carried out directly in the Soviet territorial waters, and special forces carried out power grabs of Soviet military equipment directly at sea.
For example, during an anti-submarine search operation of the Soviet Navy “Mustache Tit” in 1985, the Americans, by some unidentified method, cut off a flexible, long-range sonar antenna from GISU “Sever”. The antenna cable turned out to be bitten, but no acoustic signature was recorded at the previous moment, the antenna simply disappeared, and the flow of data on the hydroacoustic situation was interrupted with it.
Sometimes military or border guards found bookmarks and caches made by foreign task forces.
These were hot times. And it is not surprising that the incident with the Soviet submarine in the Swedish territorial waters was used, which is called “in full”.
The details of these operations are still kept secret, and with the exception of what Weinberger blurted out in 2000, there was no information from the Americans and there was no information. This is understandable, such things are silent forever.
But we can make some guesses. Firstly, the fact that the operations were coordinated by NURO and Lehmann can be considered a reliable fact - it was their responsibility, which they did. Moreover, one of the officers of the CIA confirmed this fact to Tunander in a private conversation.
Secondly, the Dutch submarine example in 2014 shows that non-US submarines could be used in these operations. The latter fact also confirms the information collected by Tunander. So, it is known about the British participation in these operations, which was interrupted only for the time of the Falkland conflict.
Third, we can roughly guess what types of submarines were used in these provocations.
In his work "Submarine Deception In Swedish Waters in the 1980s"(" Some notes about the fraudulent actions of US and British submarines in Swedish waters on 1980 ") Tunander gives an estimate of one Swedish intelligence officer who claims that the British diesel-electric submarines of the Oberon class were used in these operations. First of all, we are talking about the Orpheus submarine (Orpheus), which was equipped with a lock chamber for five combat swimmers. According to this officer, submarines passed through the Danish straits submerged a couple of times a year (although this is prohibited by international standards), while the Danes did not mention this fact. Then they carried out various operations in the Baltic, including in the territorial waters of Sweden.
The silhouettes of our submarine pr. 613 and the British "Oberon" - an untrained person can confuse from afar. Although the Swedish military was not confused and specifically stipulated that they did not see the "Whiskey class".
Later, Tunander sought out two officers of the KVMS of Great Britain who in the early eighties participated in such raids, commanding Oberon-class submarines. One of them said that during the operations on disembarking special forces from the Special Boat Service on the Soviet territory and its evacuation, in the early eighties, back to the Danish straits, it departed along the Swedish coast. To disclose any information about actions near or inside the Swedish territorial waters, this officer refused.
The second privately acknowledged that operations in the Gulf of Bothnia took place, but he refused to clarify anything.
According to the American submarines, Tunander collected a fairly large amount of evidence that could indicate the ultra-low nuclear submarine NR-1, which had been in service with the US Navy for a long time. This submarine, officially classified as a “rescue”, in fact could not be used as such, due to a host of factors, such as the lack of space on board for the rescued or equipment for resuscitation, but it had manipulators for remote work at the bottom and retractable wheels for hidden movement under the bottom, without the use of a propeller (which guarantees near-zero noise). So some of the acoustic signature records made by the Swedish Navy during the chase for submarines are most similar to the NR-1 signature.
Actually, covert operations are exactly what the NR-1 was created for, and it is not surprising if the Americans used it. The only question is that the NR-1 needed to have a support vessel, but covertly re-equip any transport for this task was not a problem for the Americans.
The NR-1 is the smallest submarine in the world. Americans for a long time did not recognize the fact that she has wheels for movement.
Regarding more serious submarines, Thunander throws suspicion on the Seawolf SSN-575 and Cavalla SSN-684 submarines, which in the early eighties were upgraded with a lock chamber for disembarking combat swimmers.
In fact, the idea of hidden passages of nuclear submarines in the close and shallow Baltic Sea looks strange and causes distrust.
"Sivulf". And again, an unprepared average person can be convinced that he saw 613.
However, there is one fact that can indirectly serve as a confirmation of the Tununder version.
As already mentioned in the previous part, in 1982, a foreign submarine found in Swedish territorial waters was damaged by depth charges. Tunander gives a lot of details of this event, including a signal spot, released a damaged submarine to the surface, which absolutely unambiguously characterizes this submarine as an American one, details regarding who left this submarine, testimony of Swedish Navy officers who heard sounds that are uniquely classified as the ongoing struggle for survivability and much more.
And at the same time, we know that the Civulf submarine, mentioned by Tununder, during secret operations of the 80-s, was seriously damaged and really fought for survivability. We know that this boat was awarded a medal for “Damage Control” for success in the struggle for survivability. And at the same time, this boat received a medal "Battle Excellence", which is given to the ships that distinguished themselves during the fighting. We know that in 1983, the boat was at the shipyard and was undergoing repairs, officially due to damage in the Pacific after the storm. Unofficially - due to injuries sustained during a secret operation somewhere in Soviet territorial waters. But who said that secret operations can only be in Soviet territorial waters?
There is one more evidence, unfortunately, all references to it have been removed from the Internet.
In the 1988 year, during the last incident that occurred before the collapse of the USSR, the following happened. During testing, a Swedish anti-submarine helicopter of the type “Vesterjotland”, a Swedish anti-submarine helicopter tracking its movement, detected an underwater target “hanging on its tail” by a Swedish boat. To check, the Swedish boat received an order to immediately surface, which was done. And then, an unknown object, abruptly picking up the course, slipped under the Swedish submarine and went into neutral waters with a “tremendous” speed, as it was then indicated.
Such a maneuver (separation) clearly indicates that an unknown object had a nuclear power plant, and the instantaneous set of power and stroke is a distinctive feature of American nuclear power plants.
So, it should be recognized that the version of the penetration of American submarines into the Baltic Sea and the secret operations conducted by them there, at least, has a right to exist.
In 1998, the book “Blind man's bluff” by Sherry Sontag, Christopher Drew and Annette Lawrence Drew was published. The book tells about the American secret operations of the Cold War, which used nuclear submarines. It cannot be said that this book would cover the topic completely, but at the end of this book there is a list of awards of American submarines broken down by year. Some of the submarines mentioned there do not appear in any well-known military operations, but their rewarding correlates to date with incidents in Swedish territorial waters.
Cover. The book is available on Amazon. In Russian, of course, was not translated - stories about how the West carved us, we are unpopular, but in vain. You need to learn from your enemies.
And, as Thunander mentioned in his book, German submarines also participated in these operations. And recently we all saw a Dutch submarine posing as "Varshavyanka" or "Lada".
All this should be for us the most serious lesson. The influence of the small-sized Swedish “fifth column”, led by Gladio’s terrorist network activist Carl Bildt, and the systematic demonstration of periscopes to ordinary Swedes, led a large and important country to actively drift toward NATO hostile to our country. This, of course, weakened - already weakened - our defense capability, and caused tremendous political damage.
Swedish submarine "Gottland" in San Diego, USA. The crew stayed in America for a year, teaching Americans to fight low-noise submarines with air-independent GEM. This is, so to speak, the finale of the American psychological operation. Or not yet the final?
And the stupidity and incompetence of a single crew of an old submarine on a secondary theater of military operations became the root cause of this huge in scale process.
But the main thing is our inability to realize with what level of cynicism the West can act, how disregarding the United States, Britain and their NATO allies can relate to international norms and to the sovereignty of formally friendly nations for the sake of damage to our country.
And also - our inability to understand at what professional level our opponent can play if he is “squeezed”.
We are up to this level, unfortunately, still grow and grow.
And yet this is an example of what a professionally trained, well-equipped and properly managed fleet can do. This whole story is a reason to think for those who, in their wretched understanding of the issue, understand by the word "fleet" just a set of ships - even small ones (especially them), even large ones.
It remains only to hope that sometime in our intellectual development we will rise to a level allowing to counteract such strategies, and at the same time we are finally aware that the Anglo-Saxons and their assistants need to be put long ago outside the framework of ordinary human morality.
Ask questions:
1. Is there still a network of "Gladio", from which the Swedish "fifth column" has grown, the same "Military Sweden" Ole Tunundera?
2. If not, what is in its place?
3. Does the RF have agents inside?
4. Were details of the American-British operations in Swedish territorial waters disclosed at least at the intelligence level?
5. Have countermeasures been thought out against these operations continuing in the future (and they will continue - the Anglo-Saxons are not abandoning working “tools”)?
As the example of 2014 of the year shows, there were no countermeasures, except for Konashenkov’s statement ignored by all foreign media. And even getting into the press photo of the Dutch submarine did not change anything, absolutely. The power of the media machines of the West completely allows you to ignore reality.
What should be done in the correct version when the USA and their hangers-on again try to play the Russian submarine card in Swedish waters?
Theoretically, the correct answer is: it must be drowned... Yes, kill a bunch of Americans or Dutch or Germans or whoever will be there for a picture in the news - there is nothing “like that” in it.
How to do it?
This question is already very interesting, and, probably, you should not discuss it openly. Naturally, the participation of the Baltic Fleet in such an operation should be reduced to zero. But this does not mean at all that it is not necessary to do it, or that it is impossible.
And in such a situation, no media resources will be able to ignore the simple fact of whose submarine was eventually found in the Swedish territorial waters (with all the ensuing consequences). Here every Swedish Tunandera will popret the map - and there are quite a lot of them there.
And it would be nice to learn how to arrange such provocations themselves. There are quite a few countries in the world whose destruction of relations with the United States and Britain would benefit us. We should also think about carrying out somewhere “operations under a false flag” and not necessarily with submarines.
We live in a very cruel world. It is time for us to understand this simple fact and begin to act accordingly.
- Alexander Timokhin
- US Navy, bastion-karpenko.ru, Wikipedia commons, HI Sutton, Claes Thorson
- Submarines and psychological warfare. Part of 1
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