New ships for the Caspian Flotilla

13
Last few decades Caspian flotilla The USSR, and then Russia, was not the highest priority unit of the Russian Navy. Due to the geographical and political features of the region, it was not given much importance for a long time. The fact is that in the old days the Caspian Sea was "divided" among themselves only by the Soviet Union and Iran. The latter was not considered a particularly dangerous opponent in terms of naval battles, therefore, they did not see the point of strengthening the Caspian flotilla. Everything changed with the collapse of the USSR, when instead of two countries on the coast of the Caspian Sea, five appeared simultaneously. Kazakhstan, the successor to the USSR, and Iran were supplemented by Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Accordingly, the division of the inland sea has become more complicated. There are still no specific international agreements regarding the division of the Caspian waters and the shelf.



It is the question of the ownership of minerals and other natural resources of the Caspian, according to many experts, in the future could cause military clashes. Therefore, regardless of its own peace policy regarding the sea, Russia should be engaged in the development of its forces in the Caspian Sea. In the past few years, such actions from single cases began to turn into a noticeable trend. First of all, it is worth noting the general intentions regarding the Caspian flotilla. According to the State Weapons Program-2020, by 2018, the material part of the Flotilla should be updated by 90%. In addition, when creating new ships, all features of their future service in the Caspian conditions are taken into account.

Currently, two small 21631 "Buyan-M" project artillery ships are being built at Zelenodolsk Shipyard at once: "Grad Sviyazhsk" and "Uglich". In addition, two ships of a similar class (the Astrakhan and Volgodonsk), but the earlier 21630 “Buyan” project are already serving in the Caspian Sea, and the third, the Makhachkala, will be commissioned this year. In addition to the 21630 and 21631 projects built or under construction, about a dozen more are planned to be built.

The projects “Buyan” and “Buyan-M” are interesting not only because they will become the basis of the striking force of the Caspian flotilla. In a sense, they are representatives of the newest type of ships. The last 10-12 years of Western military and designers are working on promising ships of the coastal zone. Thus, the American program LCS involves the creation of ships, similar to corvettes, adapted for operations near the coast. The reasons for American interest in such ships are worthy of a separate discussion and we will not dwell on them. But you need to consider the reasons for launching the construction of domestic projects of small rocket ships, largely similar to LCS. A considerable part of the borders of Russia passes through water bodies of shallow depth, including rivers. In such conditions, border guards or naval sailors need exactly ships like the "Buyanas." The dimensions of these ships are quite suitable for working in such conditions: the length of the hull 62 meter, draft - 2m and the displacement of the order of 500 tons (for the project 21631). Armament of ships is also sufficient for possible clashes in the conditions of lakes, rivers or the same Caspian Sea. The main caliber "Buyan" - 100-mm artillery installation A-190. In addition to it, the crew of the ship has two tomb installations with 14,5-mm machine guns KPV and launcher A-215, intended for firing unguided rockets of the BM-21 “Grad” complex. To protect against enemy planes and helicopters, the "Buyans" are equipped with two 30-mm anti-aircraft guns AK-306. The 21631 project ships will also receive a launcher for the Caliber or Onyx anti-ship missiles. It is worth making a small reservation. Due to the nature of the service in the Caspian Sea, only two “Buyana-M” will serve there. The rest is planned to be included in the Black Sea Fleet. The main tactical task of the ships of the 21630 and 21631 projects is to patrol the coastal zone. In addition, the hull design allows them to move in the mouths of rivers, naturally, with the corresponding depth of the latter.

At the beginning of this year, the composition of the Caspian flotilla was added to the patrol ship "Dagestan", belonging to the 11661 project. This ship is a “sistership” of the current flagship of the Flotilla - “Tatarstan”. Storozheviki with a displacement of about one and a half thousand tons are both artillery and rocket armament. So, for the fight against poorly protected targets, there is an 76-mm AK-176 gun mount and two KPV machine guns. In addition, Tatarstan and Dagestan have two torpedo tubes, two AK-630 anti-aircraft guns and two launchers for the X-35 or Caliber missiles. In terms of their capabilities, the 11661 project ships are a bit more powerful than the “Buyans”. At the same time, the presence of missile weapons at Buyanah-M compares their capabilities. The watchdogs of the 11661 project of the Caspian Flotilla have the same objectives as the ships of the 21630 and 21631 projects: coastal patrols and participation in various special operations, including anti-poaching.

Currently, only at the outfitting walls of the shipyards there is a whole “squadron” of ships that will serve in the Caspian flotilla. These are two small artillery ships of the projects “Buyan” and “Buyan-M”, two watchdogs of the 22460 “Rubin” project, boats of the 12200 “Sobol” project and several other boats and auxiliary vessels. Currently, out of more than thirty warships and boats in the Caspian flotilla, only half a dozen are less than 10-12 years old. The existing rates of construction of new equipment do not yet give any guarantees, but their further build-up may well lead to the full implementation of plans for re-equipment. However, even without “overclocking,” domestic shipbuilders are fully capable of updating the material part of the Caspian flotilla, if not by the required 90%, then at least by 50-70%. At the same time, an increase in the pace of construction will entail not only updating the Flotilla, but also the development of the shipbuilding industry as a whole.


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  1. tarnishes
    +5
    16 June 2012 08: 51
    One can only hope that it will be so, and the Navy update for the Caspian flotilla will not stop! good
  2. Ataturk
    +8
    16 June 2012 10: 30
    Seeing what is happening in the Caspian, I ask myself a question and recall one article. I present to your attention.

    Is Russia preparing for war with Iran or for Iran ?!
    Otherwise, why is the latest missile ship with the Russian Tomahawks being transferred to the Caspian?

    In early July, the Caspian flotilla of Russia will be replenished with a new missile ship of Project 11661 Dagestan. The reference range for the use of the complex (8 missiles) is up to 300 kilometers, but a number of media claim that it is capable of hitting ground targets at ranges up to 2600 kilometers.

    This is the first serial ship in the Russian Navy, which is armed with the latest Caliber-NK universal missile system, capable of using high-precision missiles for surface and sea targets.

    In any case, the question arises: why was it decided to send to the Caspian the only carrier of such powerful weapons so far in Russia? To confront whom? As you know, the Caspian Sea, in fact, is a large lake - there is no way out of the oceans. In order to lock such a ship in a confined space, one must have good reasons.

    Our neighbors in the Caspian are Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran. We have either friendly or stable business relations with each of these countries. None of them have powerful military ships at sea. But there is an unresolved territorial dispute about the division of state borders in the Caspian Sea with Iran. Moreover, while back in 2003, agreements were reached between Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan on the delimitation of adjacent sections of the bottom of the Caspian Sea, but Iran refuses to change its position. And this is not surprising, because the proven oil resources on the shelf are about 10 billion tons, the total oil and gas condensate resources are estimated at 18-20 billion tons. Iran seeks to obtain rights to most of them than other negotiators consider fair.

    At the official level, Iran’s relations with Russia look much better than its relations with most developed countries. However, Moscow regularly takes caution in working with its Middle Eastern neighbor. Let us recall the refusal to supply S-300 air defense systems under an already concluded contract. Nevertheless, the Iranian side is steadily curtsey to us and demonstrates a desire for serious rapprochement in various fields. So at the recent SCO summit, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he was going to Moscow and “was very interested in this visit,” expressing confidence that a breakthrough was possible in the relations between the two countries. “We have good experience and a history of cooperation between our countries. We are two friends and two neighbors who must cooperate and must expand this cooperation. History and the future require this from us, ”he emphasized.

    Iran’s intentions are obvious, but Russia's policies seem ambiguous. After last year’s Caucasus-2011 exercises, some experts argued that, judging by the composition of the opposing forces and the nature of their actions, we didn’t learn to fight with anyone — the Iranian army. If so, then the transfer of the Dagestan missile ship to the Caspian looks very logical.

    It is appropriate to ask the question: are we not considering relations with Iran as temporary and tactically advantageous, but strategically we see in it more potential adversary and competitor than ally and partner?

    With this question, the Free Press contacted Vladimir Sotnikov, a leading researcher at the Center for the Study of the Near and Middle East of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

    - Now relations between Russia and Iran are on an ascending line. Before Vladimir Putin was re-elected president, at an April conference in Qazvin, the Iranians openly complained that they did not understand why Russia had refused a deal to sell them S-300 systems. They were also, to put it mildly, surprised that in recent years, our country has for the most part taken a position that was consonant with the position of Western countries in various aspects of relations with Iran. Therefore, I would say that now that Putin has become our president, the Iranians have certain hopes for this. The words of the Iranians who took part in the conference can testify to his Iranian assessment as a politician. According to them, if Iranian citizens elected this president, then 99 percent of the population would vote for Putin.

    “SP”: - That is, Ahmadinejad is so persistently asking for Moscow to improve relations that have cooled down under Medvedev?

    - Partly, yes, because now Iran is in a very difficult position. International sanctions continue to apply, and if his hopes that as a result of the Moscow meeting of the delegations of the two countries on June 18-19 will not be able to agree on any positions with the six states negotiating the Iranian nuclear program are fulfilled, the country's economic situation will become even worse . Significant inflation, rising prices are already evident, the situation of the middle class and ordinary citizens is deteriorating, therefore, of course, the Iranians are hoping for new support from Russia. I suppose that they would like to create a direct strategic partnership with our country - they spoke about this almost openly at the April conference. At the same time, a distinctive feature of Iranian diplomacy in the past was that it harshly pursued its interests, and sometimes it harmed us. The Iranians tried to play the "Russian card", and not vice versa. As a result, this led to the fact that our country was losing its position in relations with other partners.

    Evgeny Satanovsky, President of the Institute of the Middle East, has a different opinion:

    - Any Russian warship located in the Caspian is there, if not against Iran, then in connection with Iran. Because the strike on this country, which can happen already in a fairly operational time frame, will lead to the appearance of Western troops in the region. First of all, American. As a result, the Russian border in this direction should be significantly strengthened in comparison with the current state. But this is happening in relation to Iran itself, or in relation to those who are going to fight with Iran - this is the second question. It is clear that this strengthening is not directed against the post-Soviet republics, given the wonderful relations that we have with Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan and good with Turkmenistan.

    If we talk about a dispute over the Caspian, it is worth recalling that several years ago for the first time since 1943, Russian fishing seiners were fired upon by Iranian border vessels. In this regard, nothing prevents us from strengthening the Caspian flotilla to a state that will block the possibility of a repetition of such conflicts for the rest of our lives.

    “SP”: - Under what circumstances can aggravation of relations between our countries occur?

    - It is impossible to answer this question. It can be redirected to the heads of state that are involved in the development of the situation. It is known that we should not have had any military conflicts with Georgia, and then President Saakashvili for some reason decided to strike at the Russian contingent in South Ossetia. So who can say what Iran needs and what can it do?
    1. Ataturk
      +4
      16 June 2012 10: 31
      “SP”: - Can we assume that today it seems almost impossible: Iran and the United States will begin a political rapprochement and pursue a coordinated policy?

      - Iran, of course, would like to establish relations with the United States. But on their own terms. The same is true for the United States. If this happened, the Europeans' cherished dream would come true to minimize energy dependence on Russia: Iranian gas will go through the Nabucco pipeline. Tehran, in turn, will intensify its territorial claims on the Caspian Sea, because it already requires 20% of the basin instead of the 12% that it is offered today.

      The only problem is that the conditions of the United States and Iran are diametrically opposed. Given that the presidential elections in Iran will be held in 2013, and in the US in November 2012, it is absolutely impossible to expect serious political changes before them. After the presidential election in Iran, the domestic political situation will be settled there for at least a year. That is, the beginning of attempts at rapprochement between Tehran and Washington is possible not earlier than 2014. But with a much greater degree of probability, hostilities will begin much earlier. Moreover, Saudi Arabia is doing everything possible for this. How and when the war begins, we cannot know. Just as they could not know the start time of all previous wars. Therefore, the union of Iran and the USA is an assumption, in reality, the following immediately after the Martians landed on the Caspian coast.

      The military director of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis, Alexander Sharavin, discusses the military goals of strengthening the Caspian flotilla:

      - The situation on the Caspian Sea is still troubled. So far, no agreement has been reached on how to divide its water area. As you know, at the bottom of this sea are large reserves of hydrocarbons. The Iranian side offers options for dividing the water area, which are unacceptable to the rest of the parties: Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.

      The arms race in the region was not launched by Russia: Iran strengthened its naval forces in the region. Azerbaijan has greatly strengthened its own. Other states are trying to keep up. Russia was at the tail of this process. But now we are doing the same. We have in the Caspian for a long time very old ships based. There were not even units of combat swimmers. Now this situation is being corrected, and I believe that this is quite normal. This is a kind of vaccination so that no one would want to resolve the differences on the Caspian Sea by force.

      “SP”: - But who, besides Iran, has the strength to make such an attempt? It turns out that our efforts are primarily aimed at containing this state.

      - I do not consider it possible to draw such conclusions. I believe that we are strengthening in this region to maintain military stability - this is the first guarantee that no complicated situation with the use of force will develop there. Against Iran or not against it is not really so important.

      Opinion of the Deputy President of the Academy of Geopolitical Problems, Doctor of Military Sciences, Captain 1st Rank Konstantin Sivkov:

      - On ships of the Dagestan type, missile systems with a firing range of 250-300 kilometers can be installed. The Caliber-NK missile system in question is an analogue of the American Tomahawk. I think that the assertion that this ship will be capable of firing at ground targets at ranges up to 2600 kilometers is just a typo of a journalist, which was propagated by his colleagues. In no reference book will you find information that this complex is capable of firing at such distances. The fact is that a missile of this class will be able to strike at 2600 kilometers only in nuclear equipment, when the warhead weighs not half a ton, but 100 kilograms. But to equip a patrol ship with a displacement of only 1500 tons of nuclear weapons, and even send it to the Caspian is a heavy nonsense. I'm sure no one will do it. But even a ship with a “hand” of even 280 kilometers in this area is redundant. For shooting at sea targets there are hardly any worthy objects. These missiles have a half-ton warhead, and there the largest ship has a displacement of 1500 tons. He’ll just smash it to shreds. Therefore, I believe that "Dagestan" is focused on the use of ground targets. But to hit ground targets, the few missiles that he carries will not be enough. They will ensure the defeat at best of one object, such as an airfield or command post.

      "SP": - Then why have such a ship in the Caspian?

      “I don’t see the tasks for him there today.” If there were a military conflict with Iran, the Tu-95MS or Tu-160 strike, which would carry missiles similar to those mounted on Dagestan, would be much more effective. They have much more of these missiles. Plus, the planes are very mobile and have greater combat stability. In order to cause serious damage to the enemy’s military facilities, it is necessary to launch a salvo of 200-300 missiles. Only strategic aviation is capable of this. In addition, the last thing Iran would like to receive today is the aggravation of relations with Russia as well. He is already internationally isolated. Therefore, one should not expect a military conflict between our countries. I think that a ship with such weapons is much more needed as part of other Russian fleets, and in the Caspian it is completely redundant.

      "SP": - Why could our military leadership decide otherwise?

      - Apparently, the probability of its use in the direction of Central Asia or in case of aggravation of the situation in the Caucasus is being considered. Conflicts between South Ossetia and Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan continue to smolder. Let’s see who this ship can influence at a range of missiles of 300 kilometers? This is Iran. But we have already established that attacking him in this way is stupid. Missiles can be sent across Azerbaijan to a depth of 300 kilometers or through Dagestan in Georgia. But such a ship can be easily destroyed by enemy tactical forces. Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are not even considered - it is almost its own territory. I think that this ship could be transferred to the Caspian Sea, because our country is preparing for the beginning of the conflict in the Middle East and therefore is carrying out a general strengthening of our forces in this region. I think that our leadership is aware of the inevitability of a major war in the region.
      1. borisst64
        0
        17 June 2012 19: 19
        Ataturk

        "There are still no specific international agreements on the division of the Caspian water area and the shelf."

        The time will come and dictating the conditions will be strong. And power is the Caspian flotilla as well.
    2. 755962
      +8
      16 June 2012 10: 35
      Warned - armed!
      "It is not the strongest who survive, but the most susceptible to change" (Charles Darwin)
  3. +3
    16 June 2012 11: 39
    As far as I know, under the USSR, the Caspian flotilla also existed, existed before. Questions for what was needed there, too, were?
    Obviously, there is a place rich in resources, among the countries of the allies is a country that pursues its policy in relation to this region. To speak on equal toad skins alone is not enough, one must also have muscles.
  4. Roman 3671
    +5
    16 June 2012 12: 00
    The payroll of the Caspian flotilla
    Patrol ships - 2, project 11661, type "Cheetah": "Tatarstan", "Dagestan"

    Small artillery ships - 3
    Small artillery ship of project 21630, type "Buyan" "Volgodonsk"
    Project 12411T MAK-160 small artillery boat

    Artillery boats - 6
    Artillery boats of project 1204
    AK-209
    AK-223
    AK-224
    AK-225
    AK-248
    AK-582

    Missile boats - 5
    Project 206-missile missile boats
    R-25 "Borovsk"
    R-30 "Budennovsk"
    R-50 "Karachay-Cherkessia"
    Project 12411T missile boat
    P-101 "Stupinets"
    12421 project missile boat
    R-32 Pennant in 2008 transferred from the Black Sea Fleet.
    Landing ships - 11
    Project 21820 landing craft, type "Dugong"
    D-105 "Ataman Platov"
    Project 12321 hovercraft
    MDK-18
    MDK-88
    Project 1206 hovercraft
    D-154
    D-459
    no board number
    Project 11770 landing craft
    D-131
    D-156
    no board number
    no board number
    no board number
    Minesweepers - 3
    Thus, the real opponent of the Russians in the Caspian Sea, the confrontation of which would require such a massive increase in the Caspian flotilla, is only Iran, which has the second largest group in the Caspian after Russia. He has here - at once three naval bases (Bender-Mehshehr, Bender-Enzeli, Bender-Pahlavi - the latter is a training one). The Iranian surface group in the Caspian Sea has about 90 vessels. Today, the shock force of the Iranian Navy in the Caspian is missile boats with a range of target destruction of up to 120 km. According to some reports, in the Caspian, Iran also has 1-2 mini-submarines of the Ghadir type, armed with torpedoes and also capable of transporting combat swimmers.

    For the Caspian Sea, Iran is building a Jamaran-class missile destroyer with Noor anti-ship missiles, artillery mounts and a helicopter. A series of small missile boats of the Peykaap II type is also under construction (a total of 75 units are planned to be built). The plans include the deployment of several helicopter carriers in the Caspian Sea. To this the Iranian naval command announced its intention to deploy in the Caspian Sea new 1000-ton corvettes of the "Mudge" type of its own construction with missile and anti-submarine weapons and a helicopter on board.

    Thus, today Iran is the second largest military power in the Caspian after Russia. But the fact is that, according to expert estimates, Iran is able in a short time to increase the grouping of its ships in the Caspian by 1,5 times by transferring forces from the Persian Gulf, where the main bases of its Navy are located, as well as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, which has its own naval forces.
    Other countries of the Caspian region:
    Azerbaijan can only boast of old patrol boats with a flagship in the form of the Qusar patrol ship (former "Bakuets" of project 159A). True, with the help of the United States, Azerbaijan created a special-purpose naval force - according to Russian estimates, it is armed with ultra-small submarines of the Triton-1M and Triton-2 types, as well as submarines of the Sirena type. Kazakhstan is just building a naval base in Aktau, while all of its naval power until recently consisted of border boats and one patrol ship, until it bought from Ukraine several boats of the "Grif" type and 4 patrol boats of the "Kalkan" type ( later South Korea transferred 3 “Sea Delphin” type artillery boats, and the USA transferred four landing boats to Kazakhstan, but today only two “Super Bars” missile boats have been ordered from Russia). Turkmenistan only plans to complete the construction of a naval base in the port of Turkmenbashi by 2015. Today, the Turkmen are armed with Ukrainian patrol boats of the Kalkan-M and Grif-T types, seven coast guard boats (leased from Iran), an American Point Jackson class patrol boat, two Russian Sobol patrol boats and three patrol ship. Also, Russia has ordered two Project 12418 Molniya-class missile boats. This year, Turkmenistan bought two high-speed patrol boats from Turkey.
    1. +4
      16 June 2012 14: 44
      And do not forget about aviation in Russia. The presence of long and medium-range aircraft that can cross the "puddle" of the Caspian Sea several times back and forth. This is also worth considering in my opinion.
  5. Marat
    +2
    16 June 2012 15: 04
    The Caspian Sea is our common inland lake - and the prospect of the emergence of the military potential of aggressors here, albeit in a direct - albeit indirect way through agent countries - is alarming.
    In the event (God forbid) of defeating Iran, the Caspian will become a sea of ​​confrontation and tension. The same Iranian navy will immediately become hostile

    Strengthening the military potential of Russia and its allies in the Caspian is a guarantee of stability and peace in the region. Ideally, this lake should be fully controlled by the Union of Eurasian Republics and not have the potential for conflict at all - to become 100% peaceful
  6. +1
    16 June 2012 17: 08
    Very good news about the development of the Russian military potential in the Caspian. Perhaps this is the answer to the desire to build a trans-Caspian gas pipeline.
  7. Vito
    0
    16 June 2012 17: 55
    Yes, CASPIUS is a tasty morsel and not only for coastal states. Ruchenki to this region (stuffed with oil) stretch as far as the Anglo-Saxon Penates, only a powerful fleet will make any freebie lovers feel who is in charge of CASPIA! The days of promises and assurances of "friendly" intentions are over.
  8. 0
    16 June 2012 22: 08
    The business is necessary and timely. It is a pity that such a thing is necessary in all parts and scales, but the potential, thanks to some people, ... alas .... not the USSR. But let's hope that the potential adversary will allow, at least a little better preparation for the future confrontation. Sincerely.
  9. passmel32
    0
    17 June 2012 16: 16
    Did you see it? what is done with the country?
    Imagine, they made the project a national data search http://ydn.ru/fpoisk
    Here any information about each of us. As I found myself here, I was simply stunned, and the main thing is accessible to everyone.
    Addresses, phone numbers, my correspondence in the social. networks, even photos.
    You can delete the information, which is very good - you go through authorization, find it for yourself and delete it.
    And then there is nobody who is looking for ...
  10. +1
    18 June 2012 07: 10
    And we are also arming the Caspian.
    Recently, we bought European Exocet MM40 Block 3 anti-ship missiles. And 20 EC725 Super Cougar tactical transport helicopters.
    Well, the ship's boats too.
    1. Marat
      0
      18 June 2012 19: 10
      All right VVooVVaa! Not all of Russia alone pull the strap. And so it is invested in the Arctic in the northern fleet, in Syass, in the Pacific Fleet - but in fact it is all our common security. In fact, we are already becoming a single federation with Belarus and Russia.
  11. mishan
    0
    19 June 2012 14: 44
    I would like to clarify that project 20361 is not an ordinary modernization of project 20360, as stated in the article. Etc. 20360 is a small artillery ship, and pr. 20361 is a small missile ship with a 2 times increased displacement compared to 20360. In fact, this is a completely different ship with different tasks. It is also worth noting that 2 projects are being issued simultaneously and in parallel, i.e. one project has not replaced another, which emphasizes their different scope.

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