Defend Moscow: missile defense, air defense and fighter
In the event of the beginning of a hypothetical full-scale armed conflict with the use of all available means and weapons, Moscow and the central industrial region are exposed to particular risks. The vast majority of strategically important military and administrative facilities are concentrated in these territories, which makes them an important target for the first attacks. As a result, our country needs to maintain and update the defense systems of Moscow and the surrounding regions in order to ensure the sustainability of state and military control even in the most difficult conditions.
Both in the past and now, the main threat to Moscow is the strategic nuclear forces of a potential enemy. Land and sea-based ballistic missiles, as well as strategic aviation and cruise missiles of various types. The effective use of ground forces is thus excluded, which creates a characteristic picture and requires the creation of a special defense structure.
Missile Defense
For a number of reasons, the main threat to the central industrial region and Moscow is the ballistic missiles of the likely enemy, located on land objects and on submarines. Understanding of this appeared in the middle of the last century, which led to the development and construction of an advanced missile defense system. In 1971, the A-35 system took up combat duty. To date, it has been replaced by the newer A-135 Amur, which is currently undergoing modernization.
Radar "Don-2"
System A-135 is operated by the 9 th missile defense division, which is part of the 1 th army of air defense and missile defense. All military units of this division, which are responsible for the operation of various elements of Amur, are located in the Moscow region - directly in the protected area.
The Amur receives information about the missile strike from the enemy both from the missile attack warning system and from its own tracking devices. The main component of the A-135 is the multifunctional radar station Don-2Н. Radar with active phased antenna arrays provides an overview of the entire upper hemisphere. The purpose of an ICBM combat unit type is determined at a distance of 3700 km and at an altitude of up to 40 thousand km. Don-2H is responsible for tracking and targeting interceptor missiles.
As part of the A-135 there are five firing systems with missile launchers. According to different sources, there are up to 68 missiles on duty at the same time. Now in operation are missiles 53Т6 / PRS-1, designed to intercept ballistic missiles in the near zone. A product with a special warhead is capable of hitting targets at ranges up to 100 km and altitudes up to 45 km. Currently, work is underway on the updated anti-missile PRS-1M. It will be distinguished by increased range and height of defeat, as well as improved shooting accuracy.
In recent years, defense industry enterprises have been working to improve the A-135 system, aimed at improving its tactical and technical characteristics. On the completion of such work will take several years. The upgraded version of "Cupid" is denoted as A-235. According to various estimates, the updated missile defense system will retain its functions, but will have advantages over modern ones.
Air defense
The task of protecting Moscow and the central industrial region from enemy air strikes and enemy cruise missiles rests with the other two units of the 1-th army of air defense and missile defense. These are 4-I and 5-I divisions of air defense, stationed in a number of settlements of the Moscow region. Armed with these divisions are modern anti-aircraft missile systems of several main types.
Tests prospective antimissile
The two air defense divisions from the 1 Army each consist of one radio engineering regiment and four anti-aircraft missile regiments. Almost all the anti-missile regiments of the two divisions have now been reequipped with C-400 systems. At the same time, two regimental sets of older S-5PM air defense systems are still in service with the 300 th air defense division. In the foreseeable future, a full rearmament of the division will take place, thanks to which it will expand its capabilities. In total, in the units of the 1 Army, an air defense missile defense system on duty costs around the 20 divisions with two types of anti-aircraft complexes.
Air defense divisions, armed with modern air defense systems, are able to protect Moscow, the Moscow Region and nearby regions from a number of air threats. C-400 systems are capable of fighting tactical and strategic aircraft, special aircraft for various purposes, as well as aviation weapons and cruise missiles. There is the possibility of destruction of ballistic missiles of short and medium range.
Several types of guided missiles are used to fight against different targets in different ranges. The maximum range for aerodynamic targets is defined in 400 km. Height - up to 35 km. The range of ballistic targets reaches 60 km. Each complex can simultaneously launch and direct up to 20 missiles.
Military aviation
At the bases of the Moscow region and the nearest regions a significant number of aviation units for various purposes are concentrated. There are fighter, bomber, transport and other parts. In the context of the defense of Moscow and the central industrial region, the regiments and divisions involved in the reconnaissance, control and interception of enemy aircraft are of the greatest interest.
In the city of Ivanovo, the 144 th regiment of long-range radar detection aircraft is based, the only one in the country. It has X-NUMX A-15 and A-50U machines, as well as one IL-50M air command point. At the airfield Chkalovskiy (Moscow region), the 22-I division of special purpose is based, having equipment for various purposes. It has 8 VKP IL-13 and IL-22М, as well as two aircraft IL-22 electronic intelligence.
The anti-aircraft missile regiment of the 1 Army Air Defense Missile Defense is deploying to the position
The Khotilovo airfield (Tver Oblast) is the base for the 790 th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 105 th mixed division of the Western Military District. He owns the 24 interceptor MiG-31BM and MiG-31BSM, as well as up to 30 fighters Su-27, Su-27UB and Su-30СМ. Another squadron of MiG-31 interceptors, which is organizationally related to the 4 State Aviation Personnel Training and Military Test Center, is based at the SavaSleyka airfield (Nizhny Novgorod Region).
We should also mention the Kubinka airbase, where the 237-th Guards Center for the display of aircraft equipment is located. I.N. Kozhedub. The Russian Knights and Swifts aerobatics groups serve as part of the 237 CPCP. They have two dozen Su-27, Su-30CM and MiG-29 types of aircraft, suitable for solving initial combat missions.
It should be noted that in the regions of the central industrial region there are many other air bases and aviation connections with a large number of various vehicles. However, in their case, they are armed with transport and training aircraft, long-range bombers, tankers, as well as the entire spectrum of helicopter technology of the armed forces. For obvious reasons, such aviation units cannot participate in repelling a nuclear missile strike or an attack of long-range enemy aircraft. However, some of them can be used to retaliate or in solving other tasks.
Development prospects
Moscow and the nearest regions are of particular importance for the economy, as well as for military and government control, which places special demands on their protection, primarily against strikes with the use of strategic weapons. At present, the central industrial region has a developed defense system, including various means from the composition of different types of armed forces. In the future, the development of this system should continue.
The modernization of the Amur ABM A-135 system, which involves the production and implementation of various new types of products. The replacement of individual components of the Don-2Н radar and control systems has already started. It is important that these processes are carried out without removing the station from duty and stopping its work. At the same time, a new modification of a serial anti-missile with enhanced characteristics is being refined.
Aircraft aerobatic teams "Swifts" and "Russian Knights", based in Kubinka
Modernization of air defense units is still associated with the decommissioning of aging C-300PM anti-aircraft missile systems and the use of modern C-400. In the distant future, a new stage of updating the material part is expected. This time the regiments of the 1 division of the air defense and missile defense will have to master the latest C-500 complexes. While this air defense missile system is at the stage of development work, but in the future it will be tested and put into a series.
The serial production of modern fighters of a number of types continues, and this material part goes to various units, including the central region. So far, only the Su-30CM and the upgraded MiG-31 can be considered the newest on the bases of the Moscow region and the nearest areas. Over time, the share of new technology at the bases of the region will be increased, but so far the priority is the modernization of parts in other areas.
It is easy to see that in the construction of the defense of Moscow and the central industrial region, the greatest attention is paid to the means of anti-missile and air defense, while aviation is updated more slowly. The reasons for this are simple and straightforward. As an administrative and military center, Moscow and the nearest facilities are a priority target for a potential adversary. Therefore, it is precisely this region that runs the risk of being hit by the first blow of a potential enemy with the use of ballistic and cruise missiles, long-range aviation, etc.
Modern domestic air defense missile systems are capable of intercepting both aircraft and cruise missiles, as well as combat blocks of medium-range ballistic missiles. In the fight against enemy aircraft, they are assisted by modern fighter aircraft. For the interception of more complex ballistic targets meets the missile defense system being upgraded. Thus, strategically important areas of the country have modern and effective defense in depth.
This means that the results of the first attack of the enemy will be far from the desired, and the Russian armed forces and civilian structures will remain operational for the retaliatory strike and subsequent actions. This factor in itself can be an effective means of deterring the likely adversary from thoughtless actions and aggression.
On the materials of the sites:
http://mil.ru/
https://ria.ru/
https://tass.ru/
http://nvo.ng.ru/
http://russianknights.ru/
https://bmpd.livejournal.com/
Both in the past and now, the main threat to Moscow is the strategic nuclear forces of a potential enemy. Land and sea-based ballistic missiles, as well as strategic aviation and cruise missiles of various types. The effective use of ground forces is thus excluded, which creates a characteristic picture and requires the creation of a special defense structure.
Missile Defense
For a number of reasons, the main threat to the central industrial region and Moscow is the ballistic missiles of the likely enemy, located on land objects and on submarines. Understanding of this appeared in the middle of the last century, which led to the development and construction of an advanced missile defense system. In 1971, the A-35 system took up combat duty. To date, it has been replaced by the newer A-135 Amur, which is currently undergoing modernization.
Radar "Don-2"
System A-135 is operated by the 9 th missile defense division, which is part of the 1 th army of air defense and missile defense. All military units of this division, which are responsible for the operation of various elements of Amur, are located in the Moscow region - directly in the protected area.
The Amur receives information about the missile strike from the enemy both from the missile attack warning system and from its own tracking devices. The main component of the A-135 is the multifunctional radar station Don-2Н. Radar with active phased antenna arrays provides an overview of the entire upper hemisphere. The purpose of an ICBM combat unit type is determined at a distance of 3700 km and at an altitude of up to 40 thousand km. Don-2H is responsible for tracking and targeting interceptor missiles.
As part of the A-135 there are five firing systems with missile launchers. According to different sources, there are up to 68 missiles on duty at the same time. Now in operation are missiles 53Т6 / PRS-1, designed to intercept ballistic missiles in the near zone. A product with a special warhead is capable of hitting targets at ranges up to 100 km and altitudes up to 45 km. Currently, work is underway on the updated anti-missile PRS-1M. It will be distinguished by increased range and height of defeat, as well as improved shooting accuracy.
In recent years, defense industry enterprises have been working to improve the A-135 system, aimed at improving its tactical and technical characteristics. On the completion of such work will take several years. The upgraded version of "Cupid" is denoted as A-235. According to various estimates, the updated missile defense system will retain its functions, but will have advantages over modern ones.
Air defense
The task of protecting Moscow and the central industrial region from enemy air strikes and enemy cruise missiles rests with the other two units of the 1-th army of air defense and missile defense. These are 4-I and 5-I divisions of air defense, stationed in a number of settlements of the Moscow region. Armed with these divisions are modern anti-aircraft missile systems of several main types.
Tests prospective antimissile
The two air defense divisions from the 1 Army each consist of one radio engineering regiment and four anti-aircraft missile regiments. Almost all the anti-missile regiments of the two divisions have now been reequipped with C-400 systems. At the same time, two regimental sets of older S-5PM air defense systems are still in service with the 300 th air defense division. In the foreseeable future, a full rearmament of the division will take place, thanks to which it will expand its capabilities. In total, in the units of the 1 Army, an air defense missile defense system on duty costs around the 20 divisions with two types of anti-aircraft complexes.
Air defense divisions, armed with modern air defense systems, are able to protect Moscow, the Moscow Region and nearby regions from a number of air threats. C-400 systems are capable of fighting tactical and strategic aircraft, special aircraft for various purposes, as well as aviation weapons and cruise missiles. There is the possibility of destruction of ballistic missiles of short and medium range.
Several types of guided missiles are used to fight against different targets in different ranges. The maximum range for aerodynamic targets is defined in 400 km. Height - up to 35 km. The range of ballistic targets reaches 60 km. Each complex can simultaneously launch and direct up to 20 missiles.
Military aviation
At the bases of the Moscow region and the nearest regions a significant number of aviation units for various purposes are concentrated. There are fighter, bomber, transport and other parts. In the context of the defense of Moscow and the central industrial region, the regiments and divisions involved in the reconnaissance, control and interception of enemy aircraft are of the greatest interest.
In the city of Ivanovo, the 144 th regiment of long-range radar detection aircraft is based, the only one in the country. It has X-NUMX A-15 and A-50U machines, as well as one IL-50M air command point. At the airfield Chkalovskiy (Moscow region), the 22-I division of special purpose is based, having equipment for various purposes. It has 8 VKP IL-13 and IL-22М, as well as two aircraft IL-22 electronic intelligence.
The anti-aircraft missile regiment of the 1 Army Air Defense Missile Defense is deploying to the position
The Khotilovo airfield (Tver Oblast) is the base for the 790 th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 105 th mixed division of the Western Military District. He owns the 24 interceptor MiG-31BM and MiG-31BSM, as well as up to 30 fighters Su-27, Su-27UB and Su-30СМ. Another squadron of MiG-31 interceptors, which is organizationally related to the 4 State Aviation Personnel Training and Military Test Center, is based at the SavaSleyka airfield (Nizhny Novgorod Region).
We should also mention the Kubinka airbase, where the 237-th Guards Center for the display of aircraft equipment is located. I.N. Kozhedub. The Russian Knights and Swifts aerobatics groups serve as part of the 237 CPCP. They have two dozen Su-27, Su-30CM and MiG-29 types of aircraft, suitable for solving initial combat missions.
It should be noted that in the regions of the central industrial region there are many other air bases and aviation connections with a large number of various vehicles. However, in their case, they are armed with transport and training aircraft, long-range bombers, tankers, as well as the entire spectrum of helicopter technology of the armed forces. For obvious reasons, such aviation units cannot participate in repelling a nuclear missile strike or an attack of long-range enemy aircraft. However, some of them can be used to retaliate or in solving other tasks.
Development prospects
Moscow and the nearest regions are of particular importance for the economy, as well as for military and government control, which places special demands on their protection, primarily against strikes with the use of strategic weapons. At present, the central industrial region has a developed defense system, including various means from the composition of different types of armed forces. In the future, the development of this system should continue.
The modernization of the Amur ABM A-135 system, which involves the production and implementation of various new types of products. The replacement of individual components of the Don-2Н radar and control systems has already started. It is important that these processes are carried out without removing the station from duty and stopping its work. At the same time, a new modification of a serial anti-missile with enhanced characteristics is being refined.
Aircraft aerobatic teams "Swifts" and "Russian Knights", based in Kubinka
Modernization of air defense units is still associated with the decommissioning of aging C-300PM anti-aircraft missile systems and the use of modern C-400. In the distant future, a new stage of updating the material part is expected. This time the regiments of the 1 division of the air defense and missile defense will have to master the latest C-500 complexes. While this air defense missile system is at the stage of development work, but in the future it will be tested and put into a series.
The serial production of modern fighters of a number of types continues, and this material part goes to various units, including the central region. So far, only the Su-30CM and the upgraded MiG-31 can be considered the newest on the bases of the Moscow region and the nearest areas. Over time, the share of new technology at the bases of the region will be increased, but so far the priority is the modernization of parts in other areas.
It is easy to see that in the construction of the defense of Moscow and the central industrial region, the greatest attention is paid to the means of anti-missile and air defense, while aviation is updated more slowly. The reasons for this are simple and straightforward. As an administrative and military center, Moscow and the nearest facilities are a priority target for a potential adversary. Therefore, it is precisely this region that runs the risk of being hit by the first blow of a potential enemy with the use of ballistic and cruise missiles, long-range aviation, etc.
Modern domestic air defense missile systems are capable of intercepting both aircraft and cruise missiles, as well as combat blocks of medium-range ballistic missiles. In the fight against enemy aircraft, they are assisted by modern fighter aircraft. For the interception of more complex ballistic targets meets the missile defense system being upgraded. Thus, strategically important areas of the country have modern and effective defense in depth.
This means that the results of the first attack of the enemy will be far from the desired, and the Russian armed forces and civilian structures will remain operational for the retaliatory strike and subsequent actions. This factor in itself can be an effective means of deterring the likely adversary from thoughtless actions and aggression.
On the materials of the sites:
http://mil.ru/
https://ria.ru/
https://tass.ru/
http://nvo.ng.ru/
http://russianknights.ru/
https://bmpd.livejournal.com/
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