How "Russian" perovskite will help reduce the cost of launching military satellites

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A group of researchers at the University of Technology in the US state of Georgia presented a new method for creating surfaces that convert light energy into electricity. We are talking about the research group, which included scientists Thomas Brenner, Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena, Jordan Snaider, Ti Von, Shen Von, etc.

How "Russian" perovskite will help reduce the cost of launching military satellites




They propose the use of surfaces for solar cells from "impurity" perovskite. This, as noted, the authors of the study, allows us to generate flexible photovoltaic cells and light. In turn, this approach will allow covering practically any surfaces of spacecraft with a suitable layer, increasing the percentage of electricity generation and leading to the absence of the need to constantly reorient the frontal part of solar cells "to the Sun". It will also reduce the cost of transporting spacecraft to outer space.

According to its characteristics the efficiency of solar cells based on perovskite close to peers based on silicon.

The main problem was that the possibility of lasing perovskite spraying limited period of two months. However, after improving technology at the University of Georgia, as well as at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, perovskite spraying "works" for a much longer time.

Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science of the University of Georgia Juan Pablo Correa-Baena:
Perovskite solar cells have many potential advantages, because they are extremely lightweight and can be made on flexible plastic substrates. In perovskite has all opportunities to radically change the generating capacity in the absorption of light.


For your information: Perovskite was first discovered in Russia in 1839. It got its name in honor of the Russian statesman (minister) Count Lev Perovsky, who had a passion for collecting minerals. That is why the material is often called "Russian perovskite". The empirical formula of the material is CaTiO3. The largest deposits are in the Urals. Perovskite is also mined in the Alps in Austria and Switzerland. The first work on the use of perovskite in the solar power industry have been published in 2013 year. Now scientists are working on improving the technology, including to improve the efficiency of "battery".

The technology to stabilize the generation of electricity based on perovskite, voiced in the United States, is to add a small percentage of cesium and rubidium to the main crystal. Adding these "impurities" allows you to get electricity even from those areas of the battery, which during normal use were "dead" (in the absence of illumination).

Development of solar cells on the basis of "Russian" interested in the perovskite and the military. In particular, we are talking about the possibility of price reduction programs in orbit military satellites and their subsequent maintenance. Cheaper is possible due to the fact that the weight of the device will be smaller while maintaining the same power generation capabilities.
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  1. +12
    12 February 2019 11: 19
    - maybe you should start producing solar panels ???
    - no, we’d better sell the raw materials
    1. The comment was deleted.
    2. +7
      12 February 2019 12: 55
      Quote: nikolai.kolya
      - maybe you should start producing solar panels ???
      - no, we’d better sell the raw materials

      So they decided .... And since 1839 they have been selling raw materials (perovskite) !!!
      World History ... Bank Imperial.

      wassat
      1. +1
        12 February 2019 14: 52
        Quote: Nasr
        So they decided .... And since 1839 they have been selling raw materials (perovskite) !!!
        World History ... Bank Imperial.

        Well, don’t you joke .. Already choked on this bank and still menatep .. Ugh damn bastard!
    3. KCA
      +2
      12 February 2019 13: 08
      In this case, it is better to sell raw materials, the production and disposal of solar panels is extremely toxic.
      1. 0
        12 February 2019 21: 01
        Such plastic batteries can cover the roofs of all houses in Russia. National project however.
        1. KCA
          +1
          13 February 2019 05: 27
          And the meaning? Do we supply batteries in each basement? Inverters, transformers, stabilizers and other equipment where to place? Re-wiring and repair after laying wiring, who will do it and at whose expense? Who will connect the houses with solar panels to urban electricity networks and at whose expense? How many sunny days per year, for example, in Murmansk? Who will wash the batteries once a week? Read about how Musk decided to arrange a holiday of free electricity on a single island, cut down the whole forest on the island, put batteries in, went public all over the world, then threw everything and dumped him from the island, out of trouble, the locals could well lynch him if they caught him
        2. 0
          13 February 2019 11: 12
          Quote: Bearded
          Such plastic batteries can cover the roofs of all houses in Russia.

          And so that during the hours of solar activity (and for a long time after due to accumulation in battery systems), energy consumption would drain, depriving the board of power plants of earnings (well, or of the budget, if money goes, nevertheless, into it)? wink Do not let go! stop The search for energy-efficient solutions to deprive of financing. Any information on the results - under the cloth, the heads of departments - retired or at an expense. wassat
  2. +4
    12 February 2019 11: 20
    Hmm, this is a good thing, not only for space, but also for our ordinary life. Imagine all the walls of houses on the street will be covered with such a spray, and this should be enough for the power consumption of the family in the house.
    1. +17
      12 February 2019 11: 24
      The housing office and others will not just leave it ... They will create a column "For overhaul and maintenance of perovskite solar cells")
      1. +1
        12 February 2019 11: 27
        Quote: Volodin
        ZhEK just does not leave it

        To refuse the services of the housing office and to control the generation of electricity from their own panels, and the whole roof will be paneled and there will be more sun. Moreover, even if transparent spraying is mastered by such an electro-extraction layer, then all windows can be covered, and they can be installed in private in any combination.
        1. 0
          12 February 2019 21: 11
          Quote: Irokez
          Quote: Volodin
          ZhEK just does not leave it

          To refuse the services of the housing office and to control the generation of electricity from their own panels, and the whole roof will be paneled and there will be more sun. Moreover, even if transparent spraying is mastered by such an electro-extraction layer, then all windows can be covered, and they can be installed in private in any combination.

          Try it, you will be extremely surprised by "our" Russian legislation. Believe me, they will force at least half of the consumed to buy from the "state", and for "quarrelsomeness, you can sit down.
      2. +4
        12 February 2019 11: 31
        Quote: Volodin
        The housing office and others will not just leave it ... They will create a column "For overhaul and maintenance of perovskite solar cells")

        How to drink to give.
      3. +4
        12 February 2019 11: 32
        Quote: Volodin

        Housing office and others just will not leave it ...

        good I wanted to install a windmill for myself, so that I could be independent of all of them .. I thought it over. I changed my mind .. I don’t need a dressing, Alex ... But I’ll put solar panels in my home, it’ll be profitable in my region. hiSo we live in spite of, and not for the sake of ...
        1. 0
          12 February 2019 11: 41
          Quote: GKS 2111
          Quote: Volodin

          Housing office and others just will not leave it ...

          good I wanted to install a windmill for myself, so that I could be independent of all of them .. I thought it over. I changed my mind .. I don’t need a dressing, Alex ... But I’ll put solar panels in my home, it’ll be profitable in my region. hiSo we live in spite of, and not for the sake of ...


          Everywhere green energy is dated and unprofitable, it is profitable for you.
          In the Russian Federation, such a maximum is possible in the Krasnodar Territory and the Crimea, and that is doubtful.
        2. +3
          12 February 2019 12: 56
          And you surely took everything into account in the calculations of Bataroe? I didn’t succeed even nearby ... the total cost of 2 sq. Of the system for 400 thousand was gone, this is two years ago. And the battery is not eternal, I thought five years, but they say it is not a fact ...
      4. +3
        12 February 2019 15: 00
        Quote: Volodin
        Housing office and others just do not leave it.

        Maybe for example, a graph appears for the consumption of sunlight! You will not spoil our ZhEKs and power engineers!
    2. 0
      12 February 2019 11: 39
      Quote: Irokez
      Hmm, this is a good thing, not only for space, but also for our ordinary life. Imagine all the walls of houses on the street will be covered with such a spray, and this should be enough for the power consumption of the family in the house.


      A person with the income of comrade Galkin will be able to buy such a house. But such a person will not buy it, he will have enough of traditional Italian marble for the walls of his house. What is good for Cosmos is bad for terrestrial conditions. Efficiency of solar panels will never make the electricity received with their help cheaper than that obtained at power plants. We must not forget that the light from them is needed not during the day, when it is already so light, but at night, when they do not work. Batteries Electricity converters for charging batteries and for extracting from them for all kinds of devices. The efficiency of the battery itself is not higher than 23%. The efficiency of the converters is 80%. The efficiency of the battery is 70%. Multiply all these numbers and get the overall efficiency. 0,23 * 0,8 * 0,8 * 0,7 = 0,11 In other words, 11% !!! The payback periods of this nonsense are decades. And then, without taking into account the cost of repairs, maintenance and replacement of failed elements.
      You yourself can estimate the reality of this system. There is an online program that calculates the cost. Http://www.invertor.ru/teh.html
      1. +3
        12 February 2019 12: 09
        The life of the calcium titanate battery has been improved "significantly", from several months to "several years" (so far, in reality - 1-2 maximum). The life of a chemical battery is generally an unpredictable value, it doesn’t happen once at a time, it can die in less than a year, or maybe work in 10 years (this is not about special developments, but about what you will actually put to yourself as a drive from the available proposals). All of this is still more costly than the forced verification / replacement of the electric meter and the current tariffs "from the wire". Where there is a lot of sun - solar generation is profitable ... but only daily production is profitable, the costs of storage devices to compensate for consumption in the dark are still negative. For smart house technologies as a daytime source while you are not at home, powering up the refrigerator will do, but you only have to turn on something more greedy in consumption in the evening and ... in an hour or two you go to sleep in the dark.
        1. 0
          12 February 2019 12: 40
          Profitability ... Well, actually, everything should be considered in a complex - not only energy producers, but also distributors, storage devices and natural consumers too. I already wrote here that "kulibin", a pensioner who "went" on various inventions, lives in our dacha village (he even built "HAARP" for himself, to influence the weather, and Tesla's tower ... later, he was almost lynched by all gardening for this). But besides such quirks, he also has rational actions - he himself built an autonomous system of power supply, heating and air conditioning from scrap materials (from dumps, garbage dumps, illegal disposal sites of equipment and simply abandoned factories and farms). Moreover, as he claims, all this cost him a meager amount. I will completely believe it, since he really exists on retirement and has an old repaired "heel" in his yard. This is what I mean - solar panels, a wind turbine, an underground heat pump, accumulators are a battery of ordinary accumulators of those in cars. As he argues for household devices - refrigerator, freezer, microwave, TV, computer, etc., this electricity is quite enough even with a surplus.
          1. +1
            12 February 2019 12: 47
            Read other lunatics, for example, Petrik, and you will understand that this kulibin is. Cold thermonuclear reaction. conducted in Petrik in a bucket of water gives energy to the whole city.
            1. -3
              12 February 2019 12: 52
              Cold thermonuclear reaction. conducted in Petrik in a bucket of water gives energy to the whole city.

              Yah? Where to read something? What came across this "cold fusion" is that no one can repeat this very reaction in laboratory conditions, and what is repeated does not confirm that this is exactly a real thermonuclear fusion-energy release is so negligible that remains within the experimental error ...
            2. 0
              12 February 2019 15: 48
              Yes, where such smart people take ??????? when did they install a really working cold fusion reactor ?????
          2. +3
            12 February 2019 12: 55
            The electricity tariff provides for all this: from the extraction of fuel for energy to the transfer of this energy to your outlet. Let's just say that if all the listed energy-saving methods are applied in an ordinary apartment, there will be less crap with inventions, and the effect in monetary terms will be better (unless, of course, you use "bad" components))) While there is no acceptable production-transfer-storage efficiency, you can only burn an LED instead of a torch.
      2. +2
        12 February 2019 12: 20
        While there is no way to completely switch to solar energy, it’s possible to purely lighten rooms at night, given the fact that there are very economical LED bulbs, and there you can also turn on a computer with a TV set because they also do not eat much compared to a refrigerator, iron and electric oven etc.
    3. +1
      12 February 2019 12: 50
      Quote: Irokez
      Imagine all the walls of houses on the street will be covered with such a spray, and this should be enough for the power consumption of the family in the house.

      will not be enough
      Solar constant - the amount of power passing through a plane perpendicular to the sun's rays
      - in the orbit of the Earth is 1'367 W / m²,
      - on the surface of the planet is 1'000 W / m² at noon at the equator
      It is necessary to take into account the ellipticity of the planet's orbit, and the night comes on the planet every now and then, or even the weather changes, the latitude of "your wall of the house" again (Moscow (for example) is not Ecuador), it is not always possible to position it perpendicular to the flow of the sun (even on the roof ), The Sun "moves" across the sky, dust on the SB, and so on ...
      TOTAL:
      - annual insolation for Moscow, if we throw the solar battery (SB) horizontally on the ground, will be 1 kW * h / m² at 020% battery efficiency.
      - if we direct the same battery at a fixed optimum angle to the horizon in order to maximize the energy received per year, this figure will be 1'173 kWh / m².
      if we follow the sun, turning the battery back and forth, then 1 kW * h / m².

      For comparison, in Sochi the same indicators will be as follows: 1'365 / 1'571 / 2'129.
      That is, there is no sense in building there with the aim of sending energy to Moscow later: all profits will be spent on transmission losses
      Efficiency we took 100%
      But she is such a life
      Battery efficiency, which is optimistic about 18-20%, and in everyday life is closer to 16%, excluding photo-degradation over time

      let it be 18%
      By averaging the annual output of a square meter of battery installed at a fixed optimum angle in Moscow, we get 1'173 kW * h / m² / 8'760 h = 0.134 kW = 134 Watt / m². With an optimistic and real efficiency of 18%, our result is 0,18 x 134 = 24 watt / m²
      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 334 "On improving the procedure for the technical connection of consumers to electric networks" dated April 21.04.2009, 15 states that a private person can connect up to XNUMX kW to his house
      15 W / 000 (watts / m²) = 24 m² (625m * 25m) / this is for the roof! not for the wall)
      For a wall, it’s necessary to take a long and muddy count, but about 30% more = 800 m²
      *** or less, if we take 5 kW, let's say, but ...
      if the house has an area of ​​120 m2, then a boiler will be needed for heating power 12 kW.

      Wall height 4 m = read the length of the wall of the house (but not all, but only solar)
      then the cost (capital expenditures)
      SB of a Chinese manufacturer, tested for years at gigawatt Indian installations, reached the rate of $ 1,8 per watt (turnkey, with direct synchronization with the 220/33 / 10kV system built by it on 200 MW

      let it be $ 1.0 / watt


      in 2016, Moscow consumed 59 million kWh
      Total area of ​​the required solar battery: 59'068 000 000 / 1'173 / 0,18 = 279'757'506 m²

      279,8 km², that is, something around 17 to 17 km
      Thus, the price of repainting Moscow in "green" color will be:
      279'757'506 m² x 24 Watts / m² = 6'714'180'144 Watts = 6'700 MW ⇒
      ⇒ 6'700 MW x $ 1.0 = 6'700 million dollars = $ 6,7 billion
      and wash these 17x17 kilometers (dust)?
      and to clean these 17x17 km from snow?
      HOW MUCH UZBEKOV WILL BE REQUIRED?
      And at night and while they are "cleaning" where and how to store electricity? The cost of this "storage" per watt?
      Quote: Irokez
      and that should be enough for the family’s power consumption in the house.

      unlikely
      1. +1
        12 February 2019 13: 06
        Add to the discussion and the calculation of the overall efficiency - a solar battery - a converter for a battery - a battery - a converter for household appliances. Get something around 11%. Estimate the price of the devices according to the program contained here:
        http://www.invertor.ru/teh.html
        Compare with the price of electricity paid by the electricity meter and then compare the payback period. Get it - NEVER.
        I would like to add that it is not worth waiting for an increase in the efficiency of solar cells. 23% is the theoretically achievable maximum. Each semiconductor layer sees a narrow spectrum of the light component. Only green. only red, etc. To "take away" all the light energy, the panels are made multi-layered, composed of layers that sees its own spectrum. They are already making 18-20 layers. The sum of the layers makes the battery opaque. And increasing their number is pointless. More transparent layers stop absorbing light energy as it passes through the layer without contacting it.
        1. +1
          12 February 2019 13: 45
          Quote: Vkd dvk
          23% is the theoretically achievable maximum.

          You do not think correctly
          efficiency (theoretical) = 100% * PM / FSB
          Pm = Im * Um
          Im and Um, this is the current and voltage at maximum power (maximum power is equal to the area of ​​the shaded rectangle

          FSB is the radiation flux incident on the surface of the SB.
          ===============
          place number 1
          2009 Professor Martin Green of the University of New South Wales (University of New South Wales) in collaboration with two US research teams
          Five different types of solar cells were fused into a single battery, each of which was optimized for the effective perception of a relatively narrow frequency band.
          Efficiency = 43%

          place number 2
          2007 Christiana Honsberg and Allen Barnett from the University of Delaware, with the help of their colleagues from the same university, a number of industrial companies and scientific institutions, created a solar battery that showed unique efficiency = 42,8, XNUMX%
          The battery was made by sequentially depositing layers from a solution containing semiconductors-polymers and derivatives of fullerenes that formed heterostructures
          2a layer

          place number 3
          2006 Solar efficiency (40,7%) was set by Boeing-Spectrolab.
          the so-called multizone phenomenon or heterojunction is used - these are several of the thinnest layers of various semiconductors capable of capturing photons of different wavelengths

          Sharp is a serial product: a block of several Fresnel lenses, each of which has a tiny solar battery (III-V compound), measuring approximately 7 x 7 millimeters. Lenses concentrate sunlight 700 times.
          Efficiency 36%

          Inverter efficiency up to 98%, let 90%
          =================
          But this of course does not solve the problem.
          wink
          the point is

          Quote: Aibolit
          - in orbit of the earth is 1 W / m²,
          - on the surface of the planet is 1'000 W / m² at noon at the equator

          Even if you take 18%, then 247,68 W / m²
          compare with Moscow
          Quote: Aibolit
          With an optimistic and real efficiency of 18%, our result is 0,18 x 134 = 24 watts / m²

          It's ALREADY BETTER ORDER

          No in orbit:
          - half day and night
          -no "Moscow", but always the equator
          no snow, rain and dust
          is true:
          ellipticity of the Earth’s orbit
          degradation of SB from CI and micrometeorites.
          microwave transmission to Earth with good efficiency is almost mastered (channel security is not resolved)
          how they will solve the problem of the cost of launching PN into orbit for 1 kg, they will build
          1. 0
            12 February 2019 20: 41
            He who thinks clearly states clearly.
            You will have 100% efficiency when you leave this World and start living in space, receiving food and communication with this efficiency. The theoretical thresholds of a particular iron are limited by the possibilities obtained from conflicting constraints. They, contradictions, do not allow to have everything. If 100% efficiency in any business, the Universe would not exist at all. 100% EFFICIENCY indicates that SOMETHING with this property is NOT in any contact with others, since any contact is accompanied by loss.
            1. 0
              12 February 2019 21: 00
              Quote: Vkd dvk
              You will have 100% efficiency when you leave this World

              gag.
              I'm not talking about 100% efficiency
              Quote: Aibolit
              efficiency (theoretical) = 100% * PM / FSB

              if it’s hard to understand, then
              Efficiency (theoretical) = (Pm / FSb) * 100% <100%
              do not want in%
              so be it
              Efficiency (theoretical) = (Pm / FSb) <1

              PM is always (even theoretically) less than FSB
              1. 0
                12 February 2019 21: 31
                Don’t make a hunchback. You here with your schedules reminded a joke. Two scientists, a physicist and a mathematician, are traveling in a train compartment.

                Time passes the physicist says- What the hell, the rails are smooth, the wheels are round, what is knocking? Knock knock, knock knock ..... The mathematician thought for a long time, then he says, I realized that he was knocking. The formula for the area of ​​the circle is PI-ER- square. This square is knocking.

                Efficiency should not be considered what can be obtained by having absolutes. He is considered out of reality. Multilayer photocells collecting light, each layer of its spectrum, become opaque and it makes no sense to increase their number. Absolutely transparent layers do not pump out energy, since they do not come into contact with photons. They flash them without delay, and, therefore, without the release of energy. My friend, you can’t be such a naive mathematician from a joke!

                Layer-by-layer growth (today it is already about 20 layers that has a limitation in transparency; growing in a single layer, multi-zone crystals reduce the area of ​​each zone, hence the amount of pumped out energy.
                1. +1
                  12 February 2019 21: 54
                  Quote: Vkd dvk
                  Don’t make a hunchback. You here with your schedules reminded a joke.

                  No, of course I understand everything theoretically.
                  Possible with or without humpback
                  Quote: Vkd dvk
                  today it is already about 20 layers has a transparency limit

                  mold something documented (link,
                  Quote: Vkd dvk
                  their schedules
                  etc)
                  ?
                  I don't need jokes
                  1. 0
                    12 February 2019 22: 52
                    Quote: Aibolit
                    Quote: Vkd dvk
                    Don’t make a hunchback. You here with your schedules reminded a joke.

                    No, of course I understand everything theoretically.
                    Possible with or without humpback
                    Quote: Vkd dvk
                    today it is already about 20 layers has a transparency limit

                    mold something documented (link,
                    Quote: Vkd dvk
                    their schedules
                    etc)
                    ?
                    I don't need jokes

                    Then do not talk about the theoretical limit of efficiency of 100%.
                    Then it turns out that everything around has such a limit.
                    I wonder what the hell engineers are you ..... in perversions in gearboxes, increasing micropercent. when does any of them have 100?
                    Down with the afterburners in the internal combustion engine, down with the invention of superconductors .... Since everything has a deadlock of 100% efficiency.
                    1. 0
                      13 February 2019 00: 49
                      Quote: Vkd dvk
                      Then do not talk about the theoretical limit of efficiency of 100%.

                      I got the impression
                      Intelligence rams shocked British scientists
                      **
                      Repeat for the gifted:
                      1. I never wrote anywhere or talked about theoretical efficiency of 100%
                      (this is shoveling, believe me)
                      2. You have not only a problem with perception, but also with vision
                      "*" is the sign to MULTIPLE
                      3. Yes, and even the FSB, this is not the FSB (www.fsb.ru/), but
                      [/ I]
                      Quote: Aibolit
                      FSB is the radiation flux incident on the surface of the SB / solar battery /.

                      if needed"

                      Quote: Vkd dvk
                      you ..... in perversions in gearboxes

                      No.
                      Science has found that 8 percent of sheep regularly engage in homosexual relationships. And they have sex exclusively with other sheep, and not with sheep. Where did such vicious inclinations come from? Also from a big mind?


                      ** [i] according to Laura Avanzo and Jennifer Morton - neurophysiologists from Cambridge (University of Cambridge)
                      hi
                      1. -1
                        13 February 2019 01: 51
                        Your medical and veterinary specialty confuses the problem of sheep homosexuality.
                        Awful, but I didn’t get acquainted with rams at all and I can
                        judge only lamb. Apparently, from my close mind, but I don’t want to talk with a ram homosexual anymore.
    4. +1
      12 February 2019 13: 18
      Irokez
      Imagine all the walls of houses on the street will be covered with such a spray, and this should be enough for the power consumption of the family in the house.

      Wash swipe from dust. In addition, presented the skyscraper, its energy consumption and the area of ​​its roof with walls? Past the money right away. And most importantly - look out the window. Do you see the weather? I wish success in the extraction of solar energy even to light a light bulb
  3. +5
    12 February 2019 11: 36
    I don’t understand one thing, why did the author drag perovskite deposits and its Russian name? Throughout the world, this mineral is simply called calcium titanate.
    1. The comment was deleted.
      1. -1
        12 February 2019 13: 15
        The micro-length of your brain does not allow you to understand that the mineral is not called in the USSR, and not in Russia, where, according to your statement, this program works. So they call it, just abroad. where aspirations to glorify the country do not work.
    2. -2
      12 February 2019 12: 19
      I tried to adhere today's Russia to world progress ... We then multiplied our science (managers) by almost zero (health to those people who are trying to resist this!) There are no victories ... there are isolated cases in the defense industry. Therefore, they are trying either to cling to or belittle the merits of friends and enemies (oh sorry partners). Only salt is that these discoveries were made in tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union! And in modern Russia, if something was done, then with money (of partners) and for (partners), and then on the Soviet backlog. But the inertia with which the Soviet Union launched science is already ending and what will they do (academics) (who immediately became millionaires and only then (academics))?
    3. 0
      12 February 2019 12: 37
      Because. that the author knows that, along with chemical names, stones have a "commercial" name. Such as, for example, a diamond. Moreover, the cut diamond already has a different name. The special cut gives it the name "diamond". And, the exceptional qualities of this mineral are also given personal names. For example, "Shah".
      And, since the conversation turned in this direction, then the diamond deposits are named after the village in Africa, first discovered in the 19th century. Features of diamond deposits - small area and colossal depth, gave the name "Pipe". And in place - Kimberlik - kimberlite pipes.
      1. 0
        12 February 2019 14: 43
        Quote: Vkd dvk
        Because. that the author knows that, along with chemical names, stones have a "commercial" name.

        Well, so what? The perovskite mineral does not have the semiconductor properties necessary for the production of solar cells. It is necessary:
        a) destroy to obtain soluble titanium compounds;
        b) conduct deep cleaning to obtain semiconductor purity;
        c) synthesize the material on the substrate;
        d) to conduct alloying.
        Please note: perovskite itself is not needed to obtain the final product. It is much easier to deal with ready-made, say, titanium tetrachloride - if only because it is easily cleaned and processed into the target product. So the Russian perovskite deposits are by no means here.
        1. -2
          12 February 2019 20: 28
          Your idea not to use this material as a raw material, but to take others from somewhere (not from the air, or from the beard of Old Man Hottabych), to the manufacturer and author of the article. If there is an economic effect, then, you look, you will earn loot on an island in the Indian Ocean.
          1. 0
            12 February 2019 22: 53
            For your information, the main minerals of titanium ores are: ilmenite (43,7-52,8% TiO2); rutile, anatase and brookite (94,2-99,5); leukoxene (61,9-97,6); loparitis (38,3-41); sphene (33,7-40,8). But perovskitt takes the last place in this list. And you cannot directly use it for the production of semiconductor material - if you at least understand something in chemistry and material science, you will have to agree with this.
            1. -2
              12 February 2019 23: 01
              It's not my business to consider the effectiveness of manufacturing batteries from other minerals. I repeat, inform the manufacturer about your offers. Get a bonus. It is not only the titanium content in the ore that matters. The prevalence, location of production, distance and ease of processing are important. Finally. open the topic and write there about your absolutely useful knowledge.
              1. 0
                12 February 2019 23: 55
                Quote: Vkd dvk
                It's not my business to consider the effectiveness of manufacturing batteries from other minerals.

                Quote: Vkd dvk
                I repeat, inform the manufacturer about your offers.

                Troll? I repeat once again: not one of the minerals in the production of solar cells is used directly. This is clear? No? If it is not clear, then read the primer: az, beeches, lead ... And with your suggestions to the manufacturers, and contact yourself - what am I to do with it? They will send you there: read a primer.
                1. 0
                  13 February 2019 14: 16
                  I can’t treat your paranoia. Contact acc. organization.
  4. 0
    12 February 2019 12: 33
    I recalled the news when, for the development of solar panels, a certain comrade was nearly 228 years old under article 11. This dangerous business is science.
    https://rg.ru/2015/07/15/batareya.html
    1. -1
      12 February 2019 12: 50
      Do not confuse scientific discoveries and criminal. They wanted to close comrades for embezzlement from production, and participation in the circulation of drugs.
      Try to do something shooting in your kitchen. Get and you will look for an excuse for having suffered for science.
      You don’t have to be an idiot anyway.
      And remember the precepts of Ostap Bender that the Criminal Code must be honored.
      1. 0
        12 February 2019 13: 38
        You should at least follow the link or something before dragging some thefts.
        1. 0
          12 February 2019 20: 33
          This is a complaint to the author of the same message. The drug is described as glue, but for some reason, it missed the items that were glued. Here it is not necessary to read the article, but the case materials.
          Were you not taught by practice to hide from prosecution for outright theft for political articles? Do you really need to get a stake on your head (according to a Russian proverb).
  5. 0
    12 February 2019 13: 26
    Well, for now, it’s raining like flies from dichlorvos
  6. 0
    12 February 2019 15: 54
    According to its characteristics the efficiency of solar cells based on perovskite close to peers based on silicon.

    Current generation. However, samples are being prepared that are several times superior to silicon. The potential efficiency of such solar cells is already visible> 60%! This is a colossal figure. Perovskites are much more efficient material in solar energy than silicon. To generate the same amount of electricity, a perovskite layer is needed 180 times thinner than the same silicon layer.

    Perovskites are very promising and not fully understood. The recently discovered processes taking place in them cannot be explained by modern science. Research related to this material is considered one of the promising and breakthrough areas.
    By the way, the highest quality crystals are located in two places on Earth - in Switzerland and here in the South Urals.
  7. +1
    12 February 2019 17: 11
    Quote: astepanov
    I don’t understand one thing, why did the author drag perovskite deposits and its Russian name? Throughout the world, this mineral is simply called calcium titanate.

    Really? Do not understand, open the dictionary and understand.

    Dictionary for you:
    https://www.thefreedictionary.com/perovskite

    examples:
    Scientific American: Solar Cell “Wonder Material” —Perovskite — Falls Short of Expectations
    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/solar-cell-wonder-material-perovskite-falls-short-of-expectations/

    US Department of Energy: Perovskite Solar Cells
    https://www.nrel.gov/pv/perovskite-solar-cells.html

    The Guardian: Perovskites: the future of solar power?
    https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/perovskites-future-solar-power

    Science Direct: Perovskite - an Overview
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/perovskite

    The French National Center for Scientific Research: Photovoltaïque: la fièvre pérovskite
    https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/photovoltaique-la-fievre-perovskite

    University of Freiburg: Perowskit-Struktur
    http://ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de/Vorlesung/Strukturtypen/sonstige_perowskit.html


    You there are candidate candidates left and right to review, according to your words, but not aware that the name “perovskit” is generally accepted and claim that it is not used abroad?

    So maybe you do not review candidates? Do you have any relation to science? To whom, in fact, what matters, but the question is connected with the abundance of your critical statements, where you present yourself as a kind of authoritative figure.

    You should not think that there are no literate people on the site, and there is no one to correct you, so you can go too far, criticizing. Criticism is not far from drunkenness) In different areas, specialists are present here - both techies and humanities. Check thrice what you write a fortioriif you really review young scientists and are a "figure."
  8. 0
    12 February 2019 20: 37
    Scientists (ours) came up with - let's do it ourselves good . Why are we waiting (I mean our bourgeois bully ), when in the west, China will begin to do - then we buy negative ? (the question is essentially rhetorical request ) Solar energy - put a can of water on the windowsill and wait until it heats up. fellow
  9. 0
    12 February 2019 20: 49
    Quote: Aibolit
    Lenses concentrate sunlight 700 times.

    But you don’t need to go crazy and believe frank lies too. Estimate the temperature in the core of concentrated light. Semiconductors live up to a temperature ten times lower than what is obtained at such a concentration. You won’t tell (unless, of course, you yourself know) what the production of such puffs results in, with precise positioning of the lens focus from each of a million battery cells. Both the example with lenses and the example with concave surfaces of the battery cells. Concentrating light is about the same.
  10. 0
    13 February 2019 14: 47
    Quote: Aibolit
    Sharp is a serial product: a block of several Fresnel lenses, each of which has a tiny solar battery (III-V compound), measuring approximately 7 x 7 millimeters. Lenses concentrate sunlight 700 times.
    Efficiency 36%

    Your (apparently triple) higher education is not enough to understand that electricity is not provided by the lens, but by the semiconductor element itself. It follows that the CAM element must be sufficient AREA to produce sufficient power. The power that can be pulled out of the luminous flux of about 1 kW per square meter. meters at the latitude of Moscow does not mean pulling it out with LENSES, but with the area of ​​the semiconductors themselves. But in order to concentrate with such a coefficient, the area of ​​the lens should be much larger than the area of ​​the elements. Probably, something is proportional to the square root of the area increment. Then it is possible to collect the power of the light flux 700 times into the beam. Collecting microlenses in such an amount - 700 times, implies a decrease in the area of ​​the elements themselves. which leads to a decrease in the possible received power.
    Are you familiar with the lever known even to Archimedes? And with the laws of leverage?
    Filter the information provided by illiterate zhurnalyugami, and calculated for idiots.
    It is not necessary to have brains in order not to understand that the power from 1 meter to 1 kW will remain the same, assemble it with a smooth surface, or lens.
  11. 0
    16 February 2019 12: 30
    Quote: cat Rusich
    Scientists (ours) came up with - let's do it ourselves good . Why are we waiting (I mean our bourgeois bully ), when in the west, China will begin to do - then we buy negative ? (the question is essentially rhetorical request ) Solar energy - put a can of water on the windowsill and wait until it heats up. fellow

    Read here. https://habr.com/en/post/421329/

    A bit complicated calculations, but if you pay attention to the RESULTS, it turns out. that the production of solar energy today is not profitable even for regions with the highest solar activity, which in no way belong to the territory of Russia. And, moreover, they will not be beneficial for us.

    It briefly mentions ways of storing energy by pumping water to storages discharged during periods when energy is needed. So, there is such a place on Earth. In Chile. The only thing in the world. There is a high plateau, with a natural notch at the top, located next to the ocean. From where it is possible to pump water at the peak of production (during the day) upward, into an artificial lake, and generate electricity at night. What good is this place? The fact that the inevitable salinization of the soil and water leakage does not threaten anyone there. This is a deeply deserted place.