The stratospheric conventional battle of the MiG-31BM took place over the Perm region

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In the sky over the Perm Territory, a conditional air battle was fought, in which fighter-interceptors of the Russian Aerospace Forces MiG-31 took part. Recently, the use of these aircraft has become associated with the pilot operation of hypersonic “Daggers”.

The command and command of the VKS of the Russian Federation decided to set the tasks for the personnel on, if one may say so, the “traditional” use of these combat vehicles, namely, to intercept fighters of the conditional enemy.



It is noteworthy that the air battle took place in the stratospheric layer. According to representatives of the defense ministry, the development of actions to intercept and destroy the aircraft of a conditional enemy was carried out at (maximum) altitudes of about 18 thousand meters.

The stratospheric conventional battle of the MiG-31BM took place over the Perm region


It is noted that one of the MiGs performed the functions of a conditional violator of the air borders of the Russian Federation. He moved at an altitude of about 15 thousand meters. He was intercepted by two MiG-31BM fighters, which carried out conditional destruction from a height of about 18 km at speeds above 2800 km per hour. All the characteristics of MiG-31BM interceptors during conditional air combat in the stratosphere over the Perm region were once again confirmed. The characteristics of the radar "Zaslon-M", which detected the intruder at a distance over 200 km and, as a result, prevented the conditional enemy from entering the rear, were also confirmed.
  • Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
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  1. +1
    17 January 2019 20: 50
    The task to recapture, at least. Really there are options for confrontation.
    1. +13
      17 January 2019 21: 04
      I always said, and I will say, we have the most beautiful military equipment in the world! Everything perfect must be beautiful!
      1. +7
        17 January 2019 21: 45
        Quote: Halado romane
        -we have the most beautiful military equipment in the world!

        It's not about beauty, and not even about armament. The main thing is how many fighters per month are able to produce our plant in conditions of war and the cessation of the supply of foreign components, and how many aircraft are already in the army.
        Why does no one cite these figures? After all, these figures decide everything!
        1. +4
          17 January 2019 21: 53
          The main thing is Minai. And the technique and what it is and how much it is. But the main thing all the same is what we are!
          1. 0
            17 January 2019 21: 58
            But the main thing all the same is what we are!

            It seems that everything depends on us, on You and Me. As we act, this will continue.
            1. +6
              17 January 2019 22: 10
              Read the magazine "vzlyot", where all the numbers are published annually, both in civilian life and in military service and in space. Not a very bad magazine.
              1. 0
                17 January 2019 22: 43
                Thank you, be sure to read! Thanks for the advice!
          2. 0
            18 January 2019 02: 47
            laughing you will not praise yourself, no one will praise
        2. +2
          17 January 2019 21: 58
          Annual statistics on the production of military aircraft and helicopters in the network is available, about 150 pieces (if you count with helicopters). Foreign components are about 2% and the percentage is constantly decreasing, tending to zero, even electronics are practically all their own.
          1. The comment was deleted.
            1. +2
              18 January 2019 03: 40
              Teach a materiel, otherwise I heard a ring and does not know where it is. Last year, about 75 combat aircraft were created in Russia, of which 50 were for themselves and the rest for export. But in general, the number of MILITARY PLANES AND HELICOPTERS built in 2018 in Russia was ABOUT 150 PIECES (plus about 40 modernized).
              And the conditional opponent in this indicator is not really ahead of us.
              1. 0
                18 January 2019 06: 15
                Quote: Sarmat Sanych
                conditional opponent in this indicator is not really ahead of us

                Let's count (I don’t take modernization, it’s only about building new combat aircraft).
                For VKS and MA Navy.
                Su-34 .................. 14 units. - combat.
                Su-30SM ............. 14 units. - combat.
                Su-35S ................ 10 units. - combat.
                Yak-130 ................. 10 units. - UB.
                For China, Kazakhstan and Laos.
                11 Su-35, 4 Su-30SM and 1 Yak-130.
                Total Russia produced 60 combat aircraft.

                The systems in 2018 built 107 F-35 by order of FRP-1.
                From the summer of 2018 to the end of 2020, they plan to produce another 300 F-35s, but here, unfortunately, most of the orders have already been completed. Let's hope that if not our VKS / Navy, then at least foreign customers will sign new contracts.
                1. 0
                  18 January 2019 15: 23
                  You are confusing something, the Yak-130 was built for their market not 10, but not less than 14. Russia exported about 18 Yak-10s for export in the 130th, and the Su-30SM was delivered not only to Kazakhstan. Last year, according to F-35, mattress covers built a record number in the region of 70 pieces, but not 107. Yes, in 2016-2018 they were ahead, but in 2014-2015 Russia was ahead in annual output. In any case, the rival in annual output is only the United States, the rest are far behind, including the synanthropes. By the way, on the annual release of military helicopters, we are on a par with Matrasia.
                  1. +1
                    18 January 2019 19: 25
                    Quote: Sarmat Sanych
                    You confuse something

                    By no means.
                    At the expense of the Yak-130. For Russia, 10 aircraft were produced this year. The remaining 4 were produced in 2017, however, from July 2017 to March 2018 they were not transferred to the center, because deficiencies were eliminated after 2 accidents.
                    About the accident and the elimination of their consequences too lazy to look. But about 10 newly built, please:
                    https://topwar.ru/135600-minoborony-v-2018-godu-poluchit-14-istrebiteley-su-30sm-i-10-uchebno-boevyh-yak-130.html
                    Quote: Sarmat Sanych
                    For export in the 18th, Russia supplied about 10 Yak-130

                    Who did you put to? In what year is it produced? request
                    Quote: Sarmat Sanych
                    Su-30SM was delivered not only to Kazakhstan

                    How much and to whom?
                    Quote: Sarmat Sanych
                    According to f-35, mattress covers really did last year build a record number in the region of 70 pieces, but no 107

                    Read about the FRP-1 contract. 107 aircraft produced.
                    Quote: Sarmat Sanych
                    the rest are far behind, and synanthropes including

                    Sinatropes are completing the construction of the 4th J-20 assembly line, after the completion of the WS-15 test (they say it will be this year) they will produce 48 J-20 per year ... recourse
                    By 2020, they claim that there will be a fully operational combat regiment with the engines of the second stage of WS-15.

                    You don’t think, I really want ours to release as much as possible for ourselves and for export ... But so far, unfortunately, I have not seen this.
          2. 0
            18 January 2019 05: 36
            Quote: Sarmat Sanych
            Foreign components are about 2% and the percentage is constantly decreasing, tending to zero, even electronics are practically all their own.

            The most positive trend is that it’s worthless to depend on a foe or on the mood of partners in a dashing year. Hope ... but don’t take it yourself ... Yes
            Quote: Halado romane
            I always said, and I will say, we have the most beautiful military equipment in the world!

            It’s hard not to agree. We can only summarize the words of the heroine Faina Ranevskaya:
            BEAUTY IS A AWESOME POWER!
        3. 0
          18 January 2019 10: 44
          Because it is a state secret. I am sure there are always reserves, plus conservation, but no one will tell about this.
        4. 0
          18 January 2019 15: 41
          There is simply no principal in this topic. everything is important
      2. +5
        17 January 2019 22: 00
        -we have the most beautiful military equipment in the world! Everything perfect must be beautiful!

        It’s nice to die from beautiful military equipment ...
      3. 0
        17 January 2019 23: 54

        I always said, and I will say, we have the most beautiful military equipment in the world! Everything perfect must be beautiful!

        There is only one such maaalenko BUT - everyone has different tastes.
        What is beautiful to you is not beautiful to anyone else and vice versa. Therefore, "beautiful means the best", at least does not channel. )
    2. +7
      17 January 2019 22: 00
      The coolest interceptor ever made. A machine whose capabilities are still unused and half.
  2. +1
    17 January 2019 20: 53
    Do not become like us, at times, correct the text - not the plane, but the plane negative
  3. -3
    17 January 2019 20: 56
    That would be a fight at an altitude of some kind, 35 kilometers! I wonder if there will be an enemy of the MiG, not counting the Cp71 "black bird, or whatever they call it !!! recourse negative
    1. +1
      17 January 2019 21: 03
      Quote: ANCIENT
      Will there be an enemy MiG, not counting the Cp71 "black bird, or whatever they call it !!!

      NO ONE TO BE CONSIDERED ... (Worthy, and in general, an adversary) Because there are NO EQUALS (from long ago still), NO (from the word AT ALL) ...
      1. -1
        17 January 2019 21: 20
        DNR warrior - this is how your nickname should look like, not "separator" - is it not from the word separator for an hour? ?? wassat (joke)!
        1. +6
          17 January 2019 21: 32
          Quote: ANCIENT
          DNR warrior - this is how your nickname should look like, and not "separator"

          Want-do not want, but the desire to SEPARATE, that is, "SEPARATE" наш Donbass from Bandera Ukraine, you can’t get anywhere (as if certain forces in Kiev and Moscow wouldn’t want this ...).
          P: S. Transmit, so that in Moscow (in the Kremlin) that they are a dog tribe ...
          1. +2
            17 January 2019 22: 01
            We have a lot of guys went to the Donbass. One guy didn’t come back. To those who returned friends come from there. Their comrades in arms. So they do not look like those who write here under the DNI flags. You are not alone here, but they are similar, like two drops of water spat upon the Russian government, which means that one way or another the country. Tell those in Kiev or elsewhere who are behind you that they are trying in vain! Their time is gone.
            1. +2
              17 January 2019 22: 03
              Quote: Halado romane
              You are not alone here, but they are similar, like two drops of water spat upon the Russian government, which means that one way or another the country. Tell those in Kiev or elsewhere who are behind you that they are trying in vain! Their time is gone.

              Fu, at least you would figure out who, but what ...
              And into the account: "Dog tribe", alas, there is reason to say so.
              1. -1
                17 January 2019 22: 11
                And I have good reason to say that you exist only thanks to this "dog tribe". Unless, of course, you are from the DPR? It happens, of course, everywhere people are wrong.
                1. -3
                  17 January 2019 22: 20
                  What kind of people ?! What do they write ?! Yeah yeah! Tomorrow, the Eldest, will certainly get up early and go to the Kremlin. He will definitely pass it on to someone there that it is not known who, under the nickname Separ DPR, said such disgusting things! You do not worry only ...
                  1. +1
                    18 January 2019 05: 46
                    Jellied novel - if you yourself work as a "woodpecker", do not consider others to be your own kind! !! fool
            2. 0
              18 January 2019 03: 06
              Dear, see the New Year’s appeal of the Guarantor and the number of dislikes. Nobody spits on the country! A country is first and foremost its people. And it’s not that power that has actually been sitting for two decades and selling our resources. For so much time, managing not only not to restore industry, but also to destroy what was. Read about selling unique space equipment to China. Now they are on the far side of the moon. And we have trampolines. We have cowardly and corrupt power. This explains the ongoing Israeli attacks on the SAR, Ukraine on the LPR and the DPR. Forgiving gas debts to Chechnya (read the news). And further, the list is large. They are not afraid only to rob their people. But they are afraid that the people will wake up. That is why the Russian Guard has a staff comparable to the size of the army. That is why they are buying armored vehicles and machine guns. So no need here la la
          2. -2
            17 January 2019 23: 58
            Quote: Separ DNR
            Quote: ANCIENT
            DNR warrior - this is how your nickname should look like, and not "separator"

            Want-do not want, but the desire to SEPARATE, that is, "SEPARATE" наш Donbass from Bandera Ukraine, you can’t get anywhere (as if certain forces in Kiev and Moscow wouldn’t want this ...).
            P: S. Transmit, so that in Moscow (in the Kremlin) that they are a dog tribe ...

            A dog biting the hand of a nursing ..... You are alive there only because we are covering you.
            If you were more decisive there in 2014, you would be like Crimeans. under our nuclear umbrella.
            1. 0
              18 January 2019 02: 57
              Uncle, what are you talking about? Did you understand what you wrote about? He said correctly. And I agree with him. "Dog Tribe". The comrades have been there a lot. And what they said sounds much more unpleasant.
    2. 0
      18 January 2019 19: 53
      Quote: ANCIENT
      That would be a fight at an altitude of 35 kilometers!


      Well, you can’t so publicly demonstrate your dense ignorance of how and why the plane flies.
      For reference: the MIG-31 static ceiling is 21,5 km., The dynamic ceiling is 30 km. If this tells you anything.
  4. -1
    17 January 2019 21: 01
    The pilot and navigator who descended on this flight - I would like to see you on the ground.
    1. The comment was deleted.
  5. +4
    17 January 2019 21: 06
    According to representatives of the defense department, the development of actions to intercept and destroy a conventional enemy’s aircraft was carried out at (maximum) altitudes of about 18 thousand meters.

    Max height for Mig-31 - about 30km

    PS upset the Zaslon-M radar - modern high-altitude headlamps can detect aircraft with an epic level of Mig-31 at a distance of at least 350 km, or even more
    1. +4
      17 January 2019 21: 19
      What do you dislike? NATO fired from the northern flank, found missiles and rushed foxes to intercept, another harazment that this is not effective, but so far, so it is.
    2. +2
      17 January 2019 21: 25
      Quote: HyperSound
      According to representatives of the defense department, the development of actions to intercept and destroy a conventional enemy’s aircraft was carried out at (maximum) altitudes of about 18 thousand meters.

      Max height for Mig-31 - about 30km

      PS upset the Zaslon-M radar - modern high-altitude headlamps can detect aircraft with an epic level of Mig-31 at a distance of at least 350 km, or even more

      firstly, it’s not really quite a radar station, and secondly, they’ll increase
      1. The comment was deleted.
    3. +4
      17 January 2019 21: 46
      The radar station needs a good upgrade. It turns out that fighters that are not able to carry out "high-speed interception at long distances have a good PFAR, and those who can actually intercept at high altitudes and speeds have an old, slightly modernized" Zaslon ". distance of 31 km, the result is not encouraging. And at what distance it will intercept F-200, F-22, Rafal, Typhoon, they have much less EPR and many of them are armed with missiles with a launch range of the same 35 km ... It is clear that the MiGs were traveling at a very high speed, therefore, the acquisition of targets, the capture of them for escort, during this time the plane flies long distances.
      The thing is that we still haven’t adopted the BB DB R-37 missiles. The most long-range is now the R-33S, with a launch range of 160 km. Today it is very small. We create missiles for the T-50, forgetting that we already have several hundred good interceptors. It would have been possible to bring the rocket to mind long ago, and the phased array was more powerful.
      Paradox, we have an onboard radar on the Su-35 with a viewing range of 420 km. But he is not able to make a quick "jump" to the point of interception (even if he had long-range missiles). And the master of this business flies from the ancient airborne radar. Really at the top they don't understand the absurdity of the situation and its danger to the country's security.
      1. +1
        17 January 2019 21: 57
        Quote: comb
        needs a good upgrade

        By 2020, it was in the plans, and on the other hand, these are offensive factors; on its territory, the goals of the complex are
      2. +1
        17 January 2019 22: 46
        Quote: comb
        The thing is that we still haven’t adopted the BB DB R-37 missiles

        Like this? Accepted. True, I do not know how many of them are in service, perhaps very few
      3. +2
        17 January 2019 22: 47
        Quote: comb
        And the master of this business flies with the ancient radar

        Maybe the videoconferencing team is calculating, in case of a difficult goal, to give target designation to Migu31 from the side?
      4. +1
        18 January 2019 00: 09
        Do not confuse different things. The fighter must find the targets on its own, it is not at all necessary on a tip and help from the ground in this matter is an auxiliary thing. Landfill involves an independent action.
        The interceptor does not hang in the air for a long time. And their number cannot be at the level of front-line fighters. Therefore, he takes aim from the ground, which enables him to get to the interception point. since the detection and tracking of a target from the ground occurs MUCH earlier than by any airborne radars.
        In other words, it would be good for him to have a vision, but he can do quite calmly. Apparently, the construction of this mount causes difficulties for embedding a strong locator into it.
      5. 0
        18 January 2019 05: 11
        KS-172 is almost ready with a launch range of up to 400 km.
    4. +1
      18 January 2019 04: 20
      There is no exact data on the "Zaslon-M", but for today this phased array seems to have the most powerful radiation (one powerful transmitter, the beam of which is divided into emitters) among all fighters.
  6. -1
    17 January 2019 21: 11
    The problem is that no one is making an air defense breakthrough at such heights!
    1. +1
      17 January 2019 21: 27
      Quote: dgonni
      The problem is that no one is making an air defense breakthrough at such heights!

      this is your problem, moment 31 created to destroy small-sized low-flying targets
      1. -1
        17 January 2019 21: 45
        Mig31 created to destroy small low-flying targets

        Not this way. It just turned out that the MiG-25 is the most perfect and most useless aircraft. However, like the SR-71, like the Valkyrie or our T-4 "weaving". It turned out that there are no goals for him. There will be no stratospheric interceptions. And they will fly up, pour out a bunch of cruise missiles and leave. So the platform came in handy, as it was large in size, capable of lifting a decent radar station, plus a second pilot-operator, plus missiles. And they converted the MiG-25 into the MiG-31. Although for these purposes a larger iron, such as the Tu-128, would be better suited, not necessarily smart, the main thing is that it could hang out longer and have a huge radar with a bunch of simultaneously fired targets and a bunch of missiles.
        1. -1
          17 January 2019 21: 49
          Quote: dauria
          Not this way. It just turned out that the MiG-25 is the most perfect and most useless aircraft. It turned out that there were no goals for him. There will be no stratospheric interceptions. And they will fly up, pour out a bunch of cruise missiles and leave. So the platform came in handy,

          it may be a beast
        2. -2
          17 January 2019 22: 45
          Quote: dauria
          And they will fly up, pour out a bunch of cruise missiles and leave
          There will still be Shraki sending them to the living air defense positions, not so much, the regiment of the Russian air defense swallows one shrike for the irradiating installation. One is destroyed in the battalion, the badge is looking for the target and it’s aimed at it for a long time and will always arrive, because. in an active search for means of guidance. Started to work ---- everything,. light bulb.
          1. +2
            17 January 2019 23: 26
            Quote: Thunderbolt
            Quote: dauria
            And they will fly up, pour out a bunch of cruise missiles and leave
            There will still be Shraki sending them to the living air defense positions, not so much, the regiment of the Russian air defense swallows one shrike for the irradiating installation. One is destroyed in the battalion, the badge is looking for the target and it’s aimed at it for a long time and will always arrive, because. in an active search for means of guidance. Started to work ---- everything,. light bulb.

            let it be to you, what "scars for the living", they will ditch 2/3 of the total ammunition in order to slightly shake the air defense system, and when the air defense will mend holes, the moments will just work, but by this time Washington and others will already feed the fish
            1. +2
              18 January 2019 03: 59
              Quote: poquello
              let it be to you, what "scars for the living", they will ditch 2/3 of the total ammunition in order to slightly shake the air defense system, and when the air defense will mend holes, they will just work in moments

              In theory, yes, but I saw live how the train flew out with a cork of champagne from an irradiated radar and Polyana. Our aviation found them and began to illuminate them as if the path from the missile was going. And then the brigade commander decided to withdraw the l / s. NATO has the means of searching and delivering to radio emission is much more sophisticated than near Astrakhan. Therefore, I would not extol it. Any radar device is good for fighter cover. Air defense and forms "dead zones" where it overwhelms the enemy and where Russian fighters accumulate for a falcon strike. Violation of this balance, there is a shooting The radar and subsequent blinding of the air defense. They are preparing to hack the Russian air defense since the Cold War, so it is unnecessary to quack. If we compare the NATO takeoff against the Russians, it turns out that we have a regiment in the south, a regiment in the north, in the center 2, and their last strategic air force maneuvers -2017 have clearly demonstrated that only European members can organize three three-regimental full-blooded divisions /// support and support ///. In 2017, NATO aviation began to develop powerful Ukrainian air hubs. I think you will understand what this means.
              1. 0
                18 January 2019 14: 36
                Quote: Thunderbolt
                Since 2017, NATO aviation began to develop powerful Ukrainian air hubs.

                predictably, like a further howl about the Iskander
                Quote: Thunderbolt
                Any radar device is good for fighter cover. Air defense and forms "dead zones"

                with shells this problem is removed, they take shracks and alarms
        3. +1
          18 January 2019 00: 16
          Stratospheric intercepts. But most certainly it should take place? Is it really impossible at such heights, with low air resistance, to quickly jump to the point of interception? And, having fallen into denser layers, having received good control, do your job?
          1. 0
            18 January 2019 05: 53
            unconfirmed
            Quote: Vkd dvk
            Stratospheric intercepts. But most certainly it should take place? Is it really impossible at such heights, with low air resistance, to quickly jump to the point of interception? And, having descended into denser layers,

            Theorize, but a goal such as Pershing, the attack of the minute, your decision .. P.P. And yes, physics was canceled in vain. Although I am a cut hunk, studying in a German special school, and Friedrich is rather a scolding, returning to dolls
            1. 0
              18 January 2019 14: 21
              Pershing. Flight time ..... Erroneous start of the duty officer is possible. Mass, no. As far as I know, everything except those standing on the battlefield, without goals. Hot and produce decay products that go on all the time. Physics. Which you yearn for. In refrigerators and with controlled drainage of all rubbish.
              SUDDENLY, nobody will put hundreds of them without an indication. Neither they nor we.
              Thermal poisons are generally unique. Three years later, the complete replacement of tritium-containing elements, because half-life is doing its part. An order will be received from them or from us - Shtirlitsa both they and ours will be informed, and we (they) will find out about such an order faster than a warrior.
              Next.
              Flight time is minutes. With an interceptor there are small chances to meet away from the protected object, but without it? Is the situation better or worse? Such is the theory.
            2. 0
              18 January 2019 14: 57
              Quote: Thunderbolt
              Pershing, approach of the minute, your decision

              But didn’t we test our cheap stuff like sm3?
          2. 0
            18 January 2019 08: 15
            Stratospheric intercepts. But most certainly it should take place?

            Victor! Here I agree with you. A moment at the top will work, but how to get it there? I am not a pilot, unfortunately, but how long does the "flight time" take? "Thin" how long could hang? 45 minutes?
            1. 0
              18 January 2019 15: 11
              To intercept at this speed, and in the case of a large banquet, there will be no order to return. And in half an hour MIG will be already ....

              Further. If I am right, then the mallet is designed so that in the event of an accident or shot down over its own territory or the territory of an ally, the blocking will not allow the nucleus to explode. And the lock is removed when flying over the enemy or his ally. Which will absolutely lead to an explosion in any case, not even over the target. In order to cause at least such harm. What, for an interceptor is tantamount to a feat. Whether he wants it or not.
      2. -7
        17 January 2019 21: 48
        Really? I have seen. The 31st high-altitude interceptor closed the era of blackbird. The development of the topic is 25k but clearly not a low-rise. By the way! During my urgent service, the 25th was the most combat-ready aircraft in the USSR Air Force! And for one reason only. The presence of ahrenitelnogo amount sewed on board as well as pure alcohol. Young pilots were taught specifically in terms of the use of radar and other aircraft systems!
        1. +2
          17 January 2019 21: 52
          Quote: dgonni
          Really? I have seen.

          Maladtsa, Avax to help you
  7. 0
    17 January 2019 23: 16
    Well, the data is a little inaccurate, his maximum speed is not 18 km, but about 30. Well, the radar was not able to. I think that 200 km at such an altitude is not the limit for her.
  8. DPN
    0
    17 January 2019 23: 57
    If everything worked out, then Permyaks are the salty ears of the GOOD !!!
  9. +1
    18 January 2019 00: 42
    detecting the intruder at a distance of over 200 km

    A raptor, therefore, can visually detect ...
    The "traditional" use of these combat vehicles, namely, to intercept fighters

    traditional is bombers
  10. The comment was deleted.
  11. +1
    18 January 2019 05: 06
    wow .. nice nice to read that))
  12. 0
    18 January 2019 05: 33
    One word is "Foxhound". The Fox Hound is a unique vehicle with great potential for modernization.
  13. -2
    18 January 2019 05: 51
    Those. the enemy will be such a hero (stupid), fly 15km, knowing what to glow like a Christmas tree? And what is there at the breakthrough on the rough, hiding behind the hills and mountains, but can you intercept at 30m? 20-40m the working height of the breakthrough of the Kyrgyz Republic and information security in fact. And B-1B is imprisoned for a long time at these heights.
    This article is an indicator of attitude towards Central Asia, it is also an electorate, like a plate for pasta. Bulk, for they all cheat with a cry of Hurray!
  14. 0
    18 January 2019 10: 19
    Joyful, keep it up!
  15. -1
    18 January 2019 11: 13
    R-33, 200km per mig31, etc. - failure
  16. 0
    18 January 2019 13: 32
    Quote: dirk182
    Dear, see the New Year’s appeal of the Guarantor and the number of dislikes.

    What resource? Country of origin, accounts? Have you even tried to delve a little deeper?
    In addition, you are well aware, probably, that like does not have any verification mechanisms. You can focus on them when buying a TV with some caution, but not when choosing the fate of your country.
  17. 0
    18 January 2019 15: 40
    Clear sky.

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