
Development of regulatory framework for the structures of the HVP
The starting point and the main vector in the military-legal work on the formation of the regulatory framework for the creation of a new Glavka, of course, must be considered the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 30.07.2018 dated 454. By this document, the Ministry of Defense in the person of the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs assigned new responsibilities for organizing military-political work while preserving the former functions of the GURLS for ensuring law and order, military discipline, moral and psychological training and education of servicemen. Apparently, in a random way, the reinstatement of the positions of political politicians in the army coincided with the 100 anniversary of the creation of the first party political bodies and the introduction of commissioners in the Red Army.
As always, when defining the legal basis and the main functions of the central administration inside the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense, it is required to define or clarify the concepts and terms within the framework of military legal innovations. And it is necessary to begin with the definition of the content, meaning and essence of military-political work proper. Famous Russian lawyer Dereshko B.Yu. suggests in the modern understanding and on the basis of a functional approach the following definition: “Military-political work is an organizational and practical activity of commanders (chiefs) and military-political bodies for implementing state military policy in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, forming a state-patriotic worldview of military personnel , mobilization of personnel for the successful implementation of the tasks ". Apparently, this definition needs additional discussion in the professional community with the possibility of making clarifications, textual and semantic corrections. However, for the primary analysis, it is, in our opinion, quite suitable, so we take it as a basis. Based on the above definition, the previous experience of party political construction in the army and common sense in military affairs will inevitably provide, with a certain approximation, the potentially effective and workable construct of the military political system in the Russian army. Let us list the most important, in our opinion, organizational aspects related to this military-administrative system and let us indicate at what stage, according to the data of the open press, the decision on them is found:
1) the presence of an organizational-standard and strictly defined vertical of subordination of military-political workers from the company level to the central office of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation headed by the Deputy Minister of Defense (according to General Kartapolov, the organizational structure was approved by the Minister of Defense, and the situation is in the coordination stage);
2) formation of the military-political apparatus in the regimental unit, which allows to successfully solve any tasks in peacetime and wartime (by December 1, 2018, the appointment of deputy regimental commanders (and individual units also?) Had to take place;
3) the creation of military-political bodies in individual parts, formations and associations (at the stage of discussing the immediate prospects);
4) deployment of district and by type (sorts) troops of military-political structures with states that allow solving tasks of military-political and other support in the interest of increasing the combat readiness and combat capability of subordinate troops, forces and means, carrying out combat training and other tasks for the intended purpose ( detailed commentary is not published);
5) formation of the organizational-staff structure of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense capable of promptly and effectively responding to any aggressive manifestations and challenges from a potential enemy and terrorist formations, while maintaining a high morale, patriotic spirit and readiness of servicemen to take a conscious (independent) risk when performing combat tasks and in the event of a sudden attack of the enemy. The organizational structure of the new cupola is basically formed, although some adjustments are possible.
The listed stages of the formation of the military-political contour in the system of command and control of troops in such a short time is a very difficult task, requiring the participation of all interested parties. Further, at the stage of testing and testing the functioning of the military-political system, it will be necessary to identify all the “bottlenecks”, inconsistencies, interruptions in interaction, parallelism in functionality and other inconsistencies. So, 2019 will fully start the year, not only in connection with the introduction of military-political training in the troops according to new training programs, but it will also allow debugging the precise functioning of the entire system of military-political work in the troops.
In order to create a legal framework for the successful conduct of military-political work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and legal support for the formation of a new organizational and staff structure, General Dereshko B.Yu. proposes the development of internal regulations of the Ministry of Defense in the framework of 2-x of the main groups of documents. The military lawyer proposes to allocate for functional purposes: a) documents regulating military-political work in everyday conditions; b) documents defining the procedure for carrying out military-political work in special (combat) conditions. It is also necessary to supplement the duties of commanders and chiefs of all levels with provisions on the need to participate in military-political work within their competence.
Since general A.V. Kartapolov explained that there will still be time to work out the organizational structure and regulatory documents throughout the entire 2019 year, during this period it is quite possible to test the military-political system created by the troops for viability, eliminate the identified shortcomings and make the necessary corrections. And the tasks before the new political and educational system are far from simple. Moreover, many of the problems are old, arisen in earlier times and, due to various subjective and objective reasons, still unsolved.
Challenges and problems in the army, facing political commanders
At one time, a sociological study on the topic “The Russian army: social problems and ways to solve them” was conducted at the sociological center of the Ministry of Defense. Judging by the text and some dates given in it, this study was most likely conducted in 2012-2013. The results of his were posted in the public domain, which does not happen often.
In the published materials, as the main message, it is noted that social problems in the armed forces have become significantly aggravated and require prompt resolution. Among them, 9 identified the most pressing problems, many of which, judging by the publications in open sources, have not been solved yet. They will become a “heavy legacy” for the newly created military-political structures. Let us try to group the problems listed in the results of the study according to the principle that they can be solved by joint efforts of military-political workers.
1. Objective problems in Russian society and affecting the state of the Armed Forces. In relation to the army, they are of an external nature and are not subject to resolution by the efforts of the HVP system. These include the following problems identified by military sociologists:
- Up to 90,% of recruits come from families whose situation “has deteriorated sharply during the reforms”;
- reduction of the “qualitative characteristics of the recruiting contingent”;
- a fall in positive motivation for military service and an increase in the number of “refusers”;
- the incompleteness of the reforms of the acquisition system and the organizational structure of the RF Armed Forces;
- more than two thirds of the officers, even after the indexings, “assess their financial situation as mediocre”.
2. Problems whose solution is included in the “zone of responsibility” of military-political bodies and political politicians:
- the need to "form a defense consciousness";
- Up to 70,% of officers and ensigns assessed the condition of their units as incapable of "performing combat missions";
- there was a "significant value reorientation of servicemen."
Here are just some of the main aspects of the problems identified during the sociological studies mentioned in the army. And as we can see, far from all of them are solved at the level of the Main Directorate of Internal Affairs and deputy commanders for military-political work. Activation and consolidation of efforts on the scale of the state and society is required in order to achieve positive results in increasing combat readiness and enhancing the combat capability of the Russian army.
The time has passed, and improvements are not visible in all
And now we will try to update the given excerpts from the studies of army sociologists with examples and facts of today. Thus, according to official statistics, the number of citizens living at the level of the poverty line and beyond its lower limit is December 2018 of the year, according to various estimates, from 20 to 22 million people. From this it follows that the recruitment of the Armed Forces, especially by the contingent, continues mainly at the expense of people from materially disadvantaged families. There is no doubt about the decline in the quality indicators of health and the level of general educational training of draftees, and also contract soldiers. After all, often the military service of the future contractor also begins with a recruiting office.
And the beginning of patriotic education in the army for many becomes familiarity with the national history. As polls and results of sociological studies show, young people of military age, for the most part, do not even know the most famous events of Russian history and the names of the heroes-defenders of the Fatherland.
Today, not too many young men of military age are trying, out of patriotic motives, to put on military uniforms and join the ranks of the armed defenders of the Motherland. In early October, General E.V., Chief of the Main Organizational Directorate of the General Staff. Burdinsky reported a decrease in 2 times the number of draft dodgers in the 2018 autumn draft year. At the same time, according to his data, as REGNUM news agency reported, citing an interview with the general in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, it was planned to recruit 2018 people in the fall of 132500. True, the day before, the Minister of Defense at a conference call called another number. Of these 132500 people, 118440 recruits will be sent directly to the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The remaining 14060 people, apparently, were intended to replenish other power structures.
In public space, there are diverging data on the number of "draft dodgers" and "otkazniks" from the army service. It must be admitted that the days of the movie hero - soldier Ivan Brovkin, who was striving to get into military service, have sunk into summer. Now it is more often possible to meet those who by hook or by crook seeks to evade the fulfillment of their duty to defend the Motherland. Again, the head of the General Staff Head mentioned above said that at present, compared with 2016, the number of draft evaders had decreased significantly and amounted to 1600 people. However, this somehow does not quite coincide with the data that was presented in the State Duma in April 2018 of the year. Then it was a question that about 164 to thousands of draftees, draft dodgers failed to hand the summons from the military registration and enlistment offices. Legislators in connection with this problem have developed amendments to the law, obliging conscripts, under the penalty of punishment, to appear on their own in the military registration and enlistment office for the summon they have not received in the army. Apparently, we are “reaping the benefits” caused by a decline in the prestige of military service, as well as from the inadequate quality of military-patriotic work with pre-conscription youth. And among the adult population, the male part of which largely relates to the stock and reserve of the Armed Forces, this is not all right. Although in recent years, military history and reconnaissance work have intensified somewhat.
Certainly positive, in our opinion, the effect will be of military-military dictation, as reported by General A.V. Kartapolov. The first one is dedicated to February 23. It will be dedicated to the knowledge of the history of our army. The second will be held on the eve of May 9 and will cover the period of the Great Patriotic War. However, this can not stop. Such events with reference to dates, of course, can be annual. But these are one-time spiritual and patriotic forms of influence, and continuous military-patriotic work with the maximum coverage of participants is claimed. Without discounts on remoteness from cultural and military-historical centers, the lack of any materials and other resources. Each situation has its own forms and methods of military-patriotic work, and they should be more actively used with benefit for the common cause.
The incompleteness of the reorganization of the Russian Armed Forces that was once begun is a deterrent, and often an impediment to improving the situation in the troops. Under the former Minister of Defense, an attempt was made to transfer the army to the US brigade model. The brigade began to reorganize the division. It was largely damaged, and in some cases, destroyed the division of the division-army in the contour of the combat command and control of troops. As you can see, now everything is back to square one. Divisional and army structures are being revived. Parts and connections are returned to the old ones and the legendary names of the times of the Great Patriotic War are assigned again. All this, of course, will contribute to the military-patriotic work and increase morale among the troops.
These days, the requirements for combat training of troops have risen sharply. Training, drills and surprise combat readiness tests have once again become an everyday military practice. The rearmament of the army and the commissioning of ultramodern and unique types and systems are proceeding at an accelerated pace. weapons and military equipment. Now the important task of the commanders and their deputies in military-political work becomes the organization of combat training and moral-psychological preparation for successful development, and upon receiving an order, and for the combat use of this modern equipment and weapons.
In general, positive changes in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are already yielding results. In recent polls by VTsIOM, 92% of Russians expressed confidence that the Russian Armed Forces are capable of repelling sudden aggression and resisting any adversary. For comparison: in 2013, this indicator was only 66% and was almost a third lower than the current one.
Продолжение следует ...
(Part 1-I.)