Day of the rescuer of the Russian Federation
December 27 in Russia celebrates the Day of the rescuer of the Russian Federation. This is a professional holiday for all those who have dedicated their lives to saving others, eliminating the consequences of emergency situations, natural and man-made disasters.
The date of the holiday day 27 December was not chosen by chance. It was 27 December 1990 of the year, 28 years ago, on the basis of a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Russian Corps of Rescuers was created. This structure became the prototype for the Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (MOE), created a bit later.
In fact, the need to create a special structure that would be responsible for the prevention of emergency situations, emergency and rescue work arose a long time ago. Given the vast territory of the country, a large number of industrial facilities, a developed transport infrastructure, the presence of numerous environmental risks, the state simply had to have a centralized and well-organized system for dealing with emergency situations. However, before 1991, such a structure did not exist.
In the Soviet Union, the functions of dealing with the consequences of emergency situations were assigned, firstly, to civil defense forces subordinate to the USSR Ministry of Defense, and secondly to other military and paramilitary units of the USSR Ministry of Defense and the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. But, as practice has shown, the troops, due to the cumbersome structure and many other features, were not ready for prompt response to emergency situations.
30 July 1991 The Russian Corps of Rescuers was transformed into the RSFSR State Emergency Committee, which has already become the direct base for further organizational experiments and the improvement of the civil defense system in the country. It was on the basis of the State Committee for Emergency Situations of Russia 10 January 1994 of the year that the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia) was created.
In this way, story modern Russian rescuers are almost parallel to the history of modern Russian statehood. Despite the rather narrow specifics of the work of the department - the elimination of emergency situations and the fight against the consequences of natural disasters, the Emergency Committee (EMERCOM of Russia) played an important role in the development of post-Soviet Russia. This was largely due to the political figure that led the organization.
As soon as the Russian Corps of Rescuers was established, it was headed by 36-year-old Sergei Shoigu, in 1990-1991. who held the position of Deputy Chairman of the RSFSR State Committee on Architecture and Construction, and before that he worked as the second secretary of the Abansk city committee of the CPSU and instructor of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. For the party leader, and in the past, the construction engineer Shoigu, the leadership of the all-Russian rescue structure became a new type of activity in which he admittedly mastered and for several years managed to form a completely independent power structure of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
The young and purposeful Shoigu was best suited as the leader of the new structure. He energetically took up the creation of the ministry, which brought together a wide variety of components - civil defense troops transferred from the Ministry of Defense, rescue organizations subordinate to executive authorities, and trade unions. The new structure was tasked with monitoring and forecasting emergencies, preventing and eliminating emergencies, and conducting emergency rescue operations. The basis of the “power” of the Ministry of Emergencies was, of course, military units of the former civil defense forces of the USSR, but new rescue units equipped with high-class professionals were also formed. The Ministry of Emergencies has its own aviationmedical units.
One of the most well-known divisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, whose activities are regularly and widely covered in the media, is “Centrospas” - the State Central Airmobile Rescue Team of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia “Centrospas”. It was created by 13 March 1992 of the year to conduct search and rescue operations of any kind and to assist the population in “hot spots”.
The last activity was particularly relevant in those years - the beginning of the 1990-s was accompanied by a sharp exacerbation of the situation in the post-Soviet space. In the Russian Federation, “hot spots” arose in the North Caucasus, where the ethnic, confessional, and political interests of different peoples of the country intersected. Almost from the very beginning, the Emergencies Ministry structures were involved in assisting the civilian population in the republics of the North Caucasus - North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan.
“Tsentrospas” is staffed with top-class specialists, including not only professional rescuers, but also dog handlers, engineers, communications workers, medical workers, psychologists. Each Centrospas employee is trained in a range of rescue specialties and has specialties from 6 to 15. The Tsentrospas consists of a search and rescue unit on duty, a search and rescue service, a mining search and rescue unit, a chemical search and rescue unit, a search and rescue unit for technical intelligence, a diving search and rescue unit, a unit for logistics, an analysis and the organization of the search and rescue service.
Over the past three years, Centrospas is headed by Kirill Stanislavovich Borodin, a veteran of the squadron - international-class rescuer, Honored rescuer of the Russian Federation. A graduate of the Moscow Geological Exploration Institute, Kirill Borodin, from his youth, was professionally engaged in tourism and speleology, and these studies led him to the rescue service. He became one of the first lifeguards of the Centrospas, being enrolled in the 1 squad on July 1992.
During his twenty-six years of service in the squadron, Kirill Borodin has mastered many rescue specialties - he is a diver, a speleologist, and a submarine swimmer, and the commander of a gas rescuer section. The most serious rescue unit EMERCOM of Russia keeps on such people as Kirill Borodin. I must say that the state appreciates the merits of rescuers. For example, Kirill Borodin was awarded the Order of Courage, medals of the Order for Services to the Fatherland 1 and 2 degrees, numerous professional awards.
The Centrospas also has Heroes of the Russian Federation. Vladimir Danatovich Logoshin. A graduate of the Moscow Energy Institute, Legoshin came to serve in the Emergency Committee in 1992 year. In 1996, he became deputy head of the Centrospas squadron, and participated in numerous rescue operations in various parts of the world - from Abkhazia to Rwanda and Burundi. In 1995, Logoshin was in the squadron of the rescuers of the “Centrospas”, parachuting to the North Pole. Gold Star of Hero of Russia Legoshin received in 2000 year.
Two employees of the Centrospas squad were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation. Andrei Nikolaevich Rozhkov (1961-1998), a rescuer and a mountaineer, had been professionally engaged in mountaineering for a long time, and then came to the service in rescue structures and soon became the deputy head of the Centrospas squadron. The Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, Bosnia, the First Chechen conflict - this is not the full combat path of the lifeguard Andrei Rozhkov. He died 22 on April 1998, while diving into the waters of the Arctic Ocean - a lifeguard was testing a new diving equipment. It was for his death during the testing of equipment that he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
Valery Valentinovich Zamaraev (1959-2004) came to Centrospas after thirteen years of service in the fire protection, where he reached the lieutenant colonel and the post of fire department chief.
In 1996, Zamaraev was appointed to the position of deputy chief of the search and rescue service of the Centrospas squadron. Like other rescuers of the squadron, he visited various “hot spots”, participated in the aftermath of numerous man-made disasters. 3 September 2004, Valery Zamaraev died during the liberation of hostages in Beslan - he was seriously wounded by an unexploded grenade from a rifle-mounted grenade launcher and died in an ambulance carriage. Posthumously Valery Zamaraev was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation.
You can talk about the exploits of the rescuers of the “Centrospas” detachment for a very long time. This is a kind of elite of Russian rescuers, people of the highest professional skill and no less personal courage, which, as we have shown in the examples given, are ready to give their lives in the name of serving their duty - saving people.
In addition to the "Centrospas", emergency rescue centers exist in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, solving the most diverse range of tasks in the field of prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations. The personnel of the EMERCOM of the Russian Federation are staffed with military personnel, employees who have the rank of internal service, state civil servants, civilian (civilian) employees. In 2002, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation included bodies and forces of the state fire brigade and state fire supervision, who were removed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in whose jurisdiction they were from the Soviet time.
The inclusion of fire protection in the EMERCOM of Russia system caused quite a heated discussion in Russian society, especially in the professional environment. Moreover, in 2005, the fire service was divided into two components. The Federal Fire Service remained in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and regional formations were transferred to the jurisdiction of the relevant structures of the regional executive authority. What consequences this has led to is a topic for individual materials.
The successful work of the EMERCOM of the Russian Federation contributed to the formation of a purely positive image of the Minister - the founder of the structure, Sergei Shoigu, who was transferred to the work of the Governor of the Moscow Region, and is now the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and it is difficult not to recognize his achievements in this position.
After Sergey Kozhugetovich Shoigu left the post of Minister of Emergency Situations, from 11 to 17 in May 2012, Ruslan Hadjismelovich Tsalikov served as minister, from 2012 to 2018. Minister of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation was Lieutenant-General of the Reserve Vladimir Andreevich Puchkov - a graduate of the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School, who served in the civil defense forces from 1983 and then in the EMERCOM system of Russia. In 2018, Vladimir Puchkov was replaced by Colonel-General Yevgeny Nikolaevich Zinichev, who came from the structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, from the structures of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.
Today, on the Day of the rescuer of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to once again emphasize that the courageous people working in the EMERCOM of Russia, in other structures and formations responsible for saving people and fighting the consequences of emergency situations deserve honor and respect. These are real warriors who risk their own lives just the same way, and often give them away in the name of saving other lives. The rescue profession retains its romantic aura and a certain prestige, so many young people willingly enter the service in the structures of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, in specialized educational institutions.
“Military Review” congratulates all servicemen and employees of the Emergencies Ministry, employees of other rescue structures, veterans and all involved in rescue activities on their professional holiday, wishes all the best, and most importantly - the lack of losses among the “rescuers” and among the rescuers themselves. Russia needs your service very much!
The date of the holiday day 27 December was not chosen by chance. It was 27 December 1990 of the year, 28 years ago, on the basis of a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Russian Corps of Rescuers was created. This structure became the prototype for the Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (MOE), created a bit later.
In fact, the need to create a special structure that would be responsible for the prevention of emergency situations, emergency and rescue work arose a long time ago. Given the vast territory of the country, a large number of industrial facilities, a developed transport infrastructure, the presence of numerous environmental risks, the state simply had to have a centralized and well-organized system for dealing with emergency situations. However, before 1991, such a structure did not exist.
In the Soviet Union, the functions of dealing with the consequences of emergency situations were assigned, firstly, to civil defense forces subordinate to the USSR Ministry of Defense, and secondly to other military and paramilitary units of the USSR Ministry of Defense and the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. But, as practice has shown, the troops, due to the cumbersome structure and many other features, were not ready for prompt response to emergency situations.
30 July 1991 The Russian Corps of Rescuers was transformed into the RSFSR State Emergency Committee, which has already become the direct base for further organizational experiments and the improvement of the civil defense system in the country. It was on the basis of the State Committee for Emergency Situations of Russia 10 January 1994 of the year that the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (EMERCOM of Russia) was created.
In this way, story modern Russian rescuers are almost parallel to the history of modern Russian statehood. Despite the rather narrow specifics of the work of the department - the elimination of emergency situations and the fight against the consequences of natural disasters, the Emergency Committee (EMERCOM of Russia) played an important role in the development of post-Soviet Russia. This was largely due to the political figure that led the organization.
As soon as the Russian Corps of Rescuers was established, it was headed by 36-year-old Sergei Shoigu, in 1990-1991. who held the position of Deputy Chairman of the RSFSR State Committee on Architecture and Construction, and before that he worked as the second secretary of the Abansk city committee of the CPSU and instructor of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. For the party leader, and in the past, the construction engineer Shoigu, the leadership of the all-Russian rescue structure became a new type of activity in which he admittedly mastered and for several years managed to form a completely independent power structure of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.The young and purposeful Shoigu was best suited as the leader of the new structure. He energetically took up the creation of the ministry, which brought together a wide variety of components - civil defense troops transferred from the Ministry of Defense, rescue organizations subordinate to executive authorities, and trade unions. The new structure was tasked with monitoring and forecasting emergencies, preventing and eliminating emergencies, and conducting emergency rescue operations. The basis of the “power” of the Ministry of Emergencies was, of course, military units of the former civil defense forces of the USSR, but new rescue units equipped with high-class professionals were also formed. The Ministry of Emergencies has its own aviationmedical units.
One of the most well-known divisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, whose activities are regularly and widely covered in the media, is “Centrospas” - the State Central Airmobile Rescue Team of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia “Centrospas”. It was created by 13 March 1992 of the year to conduct search and rescue operations of any kind and to assist the population in “hot spots”.
The last activity was particularly relevant in those years - the beginning of the 1990-s was accompanied by a sharp exacerbation of the situation in the post-Soviet space. In the Russian Federation, “hot spots” arose in the North Caucasus, where the ethnic, confessional, and political interests of different peoples of the country intersected. Almost from the very beginning, the Emergencies Ministry structures were involved in assisting the civilian population in the republics of the North Caucasus - North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan.
“Tsentrospas” is staffed with top-class specialists, including not only professional rescuers, but also dog handlers, engineers, communications workers, medical workers, psychologists. Each Centrospas employee is trained in a range of rescue specialties and has specialties from 6 to 15. The Tsentrospas consists of a search and rescue unit on duty, a search and rescue service, a mining search and rescue unit, a chemical search and rescue unit, a search and rescue unit for technical intelligence, a diving search and rescue unit, a unit for logistics, an analysis and the organization of the search and rescue service.
Over the past three years, Centrospas is headed by Kirill Stanislavovich Borodin, a veteran of the squadron - international-class rescuer, Honored rescuer of the Russian Federation. A graduate of the Moscow Geological Exploration Institute, Kirill Borodin, from his youth, was professionally engaged in tourism and speleology, and these studies led him to the rescue service. He became one of the first lifeguards of the Centrospas, being enrolled in the 1 squad on July 1992.
During his twenty-six years of service in the squadron, Kirill Borodin has mastered many rescue specialties - he is a diver, a speleologist, and a submarine swimmer, and the commander of a gas rescuer section. The most serious rescue unit EMERCOM of Russia keeps on such people as Kirill Borodin. I must say that the state appreciates the merits of rescuers. For example, Kirill Borodin was awarded the Order of Courage, medals of the Order for Services to the Fatherland 1 and 2 degrees, numerous professional awards.
The Centrospas also has Heroes of the Russian Federation. Vladimir Danatovich Logoshin. A graduate of the Moscow Energy Institute, Legoshin came to serve in the Emergency Committee in 1992 year. In 1996, he became deputy head of the Centrospas squadron, and participated in numerous rescue operations in various parts of the world - from Abkhazia to Rwanda and Burundi. In 1995, Logoshin was in the squadron of the rescuers of the “Centrospas”, parachuting to the North Pole. Gold Star of Hero of Russia Legoshin received in 2000 year.
Two employees of the Centrospas squad were posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation. Andrei Nikolaevich Rozhkov (1961-1998), a rescuer and a mountaineer, had been professionally engaged in mountaineering for a long time, and then came to the service in rescue structures and soon became the deputy head of the Centrospas squadron. The Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, Bosnia, the First Chechen conflict - this is not the full combat path of the lifeguard Andrei Rozhkov. He died 22 on April 1998, while diving into the waters of the Arctic Ocean - a lifeguard was testing a new diving equipment. It was for his death during the testing of equipment that he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.Valery Valentinovich Zamaraev (1959-2004) came to Centrospas after thirteen years of service in the fire protection, where he reached the lieutenant colonel and the post of fire department chief.
In 1996, Zamaraev was appointed to the position of deputy chief of the search and rescue service of the Centrospas squadron. Like other rescuers of the squadron, he visited various “hot spots”, participated in the aftermath of numerous man-made disasters. 3 September 2004, Valery Zamaraev died during the liberation of hostages in Beslan - he was seriously wounded by an unexploded grenade from a rifle-mounted grenade launcher and died in an ambulance carriage. Posthumously Valery Zamaraev was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation.You can talk about the exploits of the rescuers of the “Centrospas” detachment for a very long time. This is a kind of elite of Russian rescuers, people of the highest professional skill and no less personal courage, which, as we have shown in the examples given, are ready to give their lives in the name of serving their duty - saving people.
In addition to the "Centrospas", emergency rescue centers exist in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, solving the most diverse range of tasks in the field of prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations. The personnel of the EMERCOM of the Russian Federation are staffed with military personnel, employees who have the rank of internal service, state civil servants, civilian (civilian) employees. In 2002, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation included bodies and forces of the state fire brigade and state fire supervision, who were removed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in whose jurisdiction they were from the Soviet time.
The inclusion of fire protection in the EMERCOM of Russia system caused quite a heated discussion in Russian society, especially in the professional environment. Moreover, in 2005, the fire service was divided into two components. The Federal Fire Service remained in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and regional formations were transferred to the jurisdiction of the relevant structures of the regional executive authority. What consequences this has led to is a topic for individual materials.
The successful work of the EMERCOM of the Russian Federation contributed to the formation of a purely positive image of the Minister - the founder of the structure, Sergei Shoigu, who was transferred to the work of the Governor of the Moscow Region, and is now the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and it is difficult not to recognize his achievements in this position.
After Sergey Kozhugetovich Shoigu left the post of Minister of Emergency Situations, from 11 to 17 in May 2012, Ruslan Hadjismelovich Tsalikov served as minister, from 2012 to 2018. Minister of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation was Lieutenant-General of the Reserve Vladimir Andreevich Puchkov - a graduate of the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School, who served in the civil defense forces from 1983 and then in the EMERCOM system of Russia. In 2018, Vladimir Puchkov was replaced by Colonel-General Yevgeny Nikolaevich Zinichev, who came from the structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, from the structures of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.
Today, on the Day of the rescuer of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to once again emphasize that the courageous people working in the EMERCOM of Russia, in other structures and formations responsible for saving people and fighting the consequences of emergency situations deserve honor and respect. These are real warriors who risk their own lives just the same way, and often give them away in the name of saving other lives. The rescue profession retains its romantic aura and a certain prestige, so many young people willingly enter the service in the structures of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, in specialized educational institutions.
“Military Review” congratulates all servicemen and employees of the Emergencies Ministry, employees of other rescue structures, veterans and all involved in rescue activities on their professional holiday, wishes all the best, and most importantly - the lack of losses among the “rescuers” and among the rescuers themselves. Russia needs your service very much!
Information