Lend-Lease - the story of the US Soviet military aid

152
Lend-Lease - the story of the US Soviet military aid


Humanity has experienced one of the most difficult epochs for history its existence - the twentieth century. There were quite a few wars in it, but the Second World War was the most difficult test. To date, there are a huge number of episodes, facts, events and names that no one knows about. And there is a real threat that no one will know about them unless eyewitnesses tell about it. Among such little-known facts is the American Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union, during which military equipment, food, weapon, equipment, ammunition, as well as strategic raw materials. For certain political reasons, these supplies were highly classified until the 1992 year, and only the direct participants knew about them.

The total amount of Lend-Lease received by the Soviet Union amounted to the sum of the order of 9,8 billions of dollars. The help of America at that time was truly invaluable, and became one of the decisive factors that contributed to the defeat of fascist power.

A convoy of American military trucks carrying out lend-lease operations in the USSR is on the road in eastern Iraq


At the same time, the Soviet authorities not only artificially created a negative opinion regarding American assistance, but also kept it in the strictest confidence, and all of the direct participants were often outlawed. But finally, the time has come to dot the “i”, and find out at least a part of the whole truth about such fruitful (probably the only thing in history) cooperation of the two superpowers.

Both American and Soviet pilots, sailors who participated in the distilling of aircraft, in the transportation and escort of goods, made a real feat, bending around more than half of the globe, so our generation should not, just has no right to forget their feat and heroism.
The official start of the lend-lease negotiations was in the last days of September 1941. From the American side, A. Garriman took part in the talks, who was specifically sent to Moscow by the American president. October 1 1941 years he signed a protocol on deliveries to the Soviet Union, the amount of which was 1 billion dollars. Delivery time is nine months. But despite this, it was not until the beginning of November 1941 of the year that the American president signed the decree that the law on lend-lease (the full name of the document is English. "An Act to Promote the United States States ”), adopted by the US Congress 11.03.1941 of the year) extends to the Soviet Union.

The American bomber A-20 "Boston" (Douglas A-20 Havoc / DB-7 Boston), which crashed near the airport Nome in Alaska during the distillation in the USSR under a lend-lease. Later, the aircraft was repaired and successfully delivered to the Soviet-German front. Source: US Library of Congress

The first deliveries of weapons and equipment began in October, and by the end of the year 256 aircraft worth 545 thousand dollars were supplied to the Soviet Union. The sum of the entire aviation Lend-Lease during the war years was 3,6 billion dollars. However, from the very beginning there were certain difficulties with distillation. Unable to achieve a clear organization of supply. Especially the situation was complicated in the winter period of time, when it became clear that American airplanes were not adapted to cold weather: during severe frosts, tire tires became fragile, the hydraulic system froze. Therefore, it was decided to exchange technologies: the Soviet side shared the production technology of cold-resistant rubber, and the American side - hydraulics, resistant to frost.

But even more difficulties were experienced by people. The pilots during the distillation through the Verkhoyansk range were forced to climb to a great height (5-6 kilometers), not having oxygen devices. For many, this was beyond the power of, and a large number of aircraft crashed, falling on the rocks. Similar incidents occurred throughout the three years that distillation took place. So far, wreckage of aircraft with the remains of pilots has been found in the Russian taiga, and how many have not yet been found. In addition, many aircraft along with the crews just went missing.

General A.M. Korolev and Major General Donald H. Connolly, commander of the US service department in the Persian Gulf, shake hands against the background of the first train that passed through the Persian corridor as part of supplies from the USA to the USSR under the Lend-Lease. Source: US Library of Congress.

In total, over the years of the war, more than 14 of thousands of aircraft were transported from America to the Soviet Union: Bell P-39 Aero Cobra, Curtiss Kichawq and Tomahawk, Douglas A-20 Boston, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Repablik Thunderbolt P-47, North American B-25 Mitchell.

Most of these aircraft (approximately 8 thousand) were distilled along the Alaska-Siberia highway. The Spitfire Supermarin, the Hurricane Hawker, and the Hendley Page Hampden bombers were delivered to Murmansk from England. Lend-Lease also supplied one of the most unknown aircraft - Armstrong Albermarl.

The aircraft, which were manufactured in the United States, were driven by American and Canadian pilots to Alaska, and from there they were driven to the Soviet Union by pilots of the distillation Soviet division, which was created specifically for these purposes and consisted of five regiments.
Many of the older generation remember jeeps, airplanes, as well as the Studebakers and the American stew, which were supplied under the Lend-Lease.

A picture of the memory of Soviet and American pilots at the Fairbanks airfield at the Bell P-63 Kingcobra fighter. In Alaska, American aircraft destined for lend-lease supplies to the USSR were handed over to the Soviet side, and the Soviet pilots drove them to the Soviet Union.

In addition to great assistance in material terms, American Lend-Lease played a significant role in terms of the moral support of the Soviet troops. Being at the front, many Soviet soldiers felt more confident when they saw foreign planes in the skies that supported them. And the civilian population, seeing that the Americans and the British were helping with resources, understood that this could in many ways help defeat Nazi Germany.

American aircraft have always been visible on the fronts. They supported and covered air convoys with cargoes from the air, during the siege of Leningrad, the Kithiouk fighters carried out its air defense, they bombarded German sea transport in the Gulf of Finland, and participated in the liberation of Ukraine and the Kuban.

In addition to airplanes, under the Lend-Lease, jeeps were also delivered to the Soviet Union, although, according to the Soviet side, they asked for the supply of motorcycle carriages. However, on the advice of US Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, military cars were supplied, since the Americans had a great and very successful experience of using them. The total amount of jeeps received during the war years amounted to thousands of 44 units.

Jubilant Sofia residents welcome Soviet soldiers entering the Bulgarian capital for tanks "Valentine" (Valentine), supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease. Source: Estonian History Museum (EAM) / F4080.

In addition, 50 cars of models produced by American, British and Canadian firms came under Lend-Lease. Components for them were produced by a significantly large number of factories.

The largest number among all the vehicles supplied were US trucks US 6 Studebaker and RЕО - their volume amounted to thousands of copies 152. The total volume of such cars was about 478 thousands of units excluding spare parts (and they would have been enough to build several thousand cars).

Although the documents were signed later, the first sea convoys with lend-lease goods were already sent to the USSR in August 1941. They received the designation PQ (these are the initials of the British naval officer Edwards). Cargo was delivered to Murmansk, Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk. First, the ships arrived in Reykjavik, where they were formed into caravans of 20 ships, and then accompanied by guards from warships and delivered to the territory of the USSR. But very soon, German intelligence received the exact coordinates of the routes of these convoys. Then the loss began. One of the biggest losses is an episode that occurred in July 1942, when only 36 survived from 11 ships, at the bottom there were more than 4 hundreds of tanks, 2 hundreds of aircraft and 3 thousands of cars. In total, during the war, 80 ships were sunk by German submarines and torpedo bombs, even though warships and airplanes were involved in their protection. British and American naval forces lost 19 combat ships in the North Atlantic.

Soviet brigade for testing the Hurricane aircraft. Fighters of this model were supplied to the USSR under the Lend-Lease.


It should be noted that in Soviet history, there are many dark spots on the Lend-Lease. The opinion that the Americans deliberately delayed deliveries, waiting for the Soviet system to collapse, was generally accepted at that time. But at the same time, many questions arise: why did the Americans, with such haste, adopt a law on Lend-Lease and its extension to Soviet territory? Is it possible to consider as an accident the fact that the war “did it” in the term of this law?

Moreover, some researchers put forward the version that American Lend-Lease is the result of the work of Soviet intelligence. There were even rumors that Stalin himself played a big role in signing the law on lend-lease, allegedly he, in order to prevent the spread of Nazism, intended to be the first to start a war against Nazi Germany and very much hoped for help from the West in this war. But these are just rumors, no documentary evidence of these theories exists yet.

Soviet aircraft technicians repair the F-39 Aero Cobra fighter, which was supplied to the USSR from the USA under a lend-lease program, in field conditions. The unusual layout of this fighter was to place the engine behind the cockpit near the center of mass.

In any case, we must pay tribute to Stalin in this matter. It can be said that he proved himself to be practically a genius of diplomacy, wrapping up Lend-Lease supplies for the benefit of the USSR. When it became known that America and Great Britain expressed their readiness to render assistance to the USSR, he first mentioned the word “Sell”, but pride, or some other motive, did not give either the American or British sides to demand payment. In addition, the Soviet troops very often got the technique that was originally designed by the British, in particular, Bantam all-terrain vehicles, of which there were not so many.

Among other things, the Soviet leader did not hesitate to reprimand the Allies for the fact that the cargo was poorly packed, and also hinted that if Soviet troops could not continue military operations, the whole burden of the war would fall on the British.

The assembly of the aircraft Bell P-63 "Kingkobra" in the US plant, view from above. 12 exhaust pipes on each side are a clear sign of "Kingcobras" (for the P-39 "Air Cobra" - for 6 nozzles). On the fuselage are marked with the identification marks of the Soviet Air Force - the aircraft is intended to be sent to the USSR under a lend-lease.

Note that deliveries practically did not stop the entire war, with the exception of once in the 1942 year, when the United Kingdom prepared for operations in Africa, and once in the 1943 year, when the landing of the Allied forces in Italy was planned.

At the end of the war, part of the equipment, according to previous agreements, the Soviet side surrendered back to the allies. But at the same time, there was a substantial USSR debt to the US under Lend-Lease, the Soviet authorities refused to pay the rest of which in the amount of 674 million dollars, motivating it with trade discrimination against the USSR by the Americans. But, already in 1972, an agreement was signed, according to which the USSR agreed to pay the USA 722 million dollars. The last payment under this agreement was made in 2001.

Handing over frigates to the Soviet sailors fleet USA. 1945 year. American patrol frigates of the Tacoma type (displacement 1509 / 2238-2415t, speed 20 knots, armament: 3 76-mm guns, 2 40-mm twin “bofors”, 9 20-mm “Erlikons”, 1 jet bomb “Hedgehog” , 2 bomb spreaders and 8 airborne bombers (ammunition - 100 depth charges) were built in 1943-1945. In 1945, 28 ships of this type were transferred to the USSR by Lend-Lease, where they were reclassified as patrol ships and received the designation “EK-1 "-" EK-30. "The first group of 10 ships (" EK-1 "-" EK-10 ") was received by Soviet crews on July 12, 1945 in K old Bay (Alaska) and left for the USSR on July 15. These ships took part in the Soviet-Japanese war in August 1945. The remaining 18 ships (“EK-11” - “EK-22” and “EK-25” - “ EK-30 ") were taken by Soviet crews in August-September 1945 and did not take part in the fighting. On February 17, 1950 all 28 ships were expelled from the USSR Navy due to the return of the US Navy to Maizuru (Japan).

Thus, the lowering of the significance of the deliveries of military equipment, ammunition and food, which were carried out by American and British allies, was carried out on the basis of the ideological principles of the time. This was done allegedly in order to approve the postulate that the Soviet military economy has not just a great, but simply a huge superiority over the economies of capitalist states, not only Germany, but also the United States of America and Great Britain.

In contrast to the Soviet point of view, in American historiography, as is almost always the case in the West, the role of lend-lease supplies has always seemed to be a decisive factor in the ability of the USSR to continue to wage war against fascist Germany.

The Soviet-made American-made fighter Р-39 Aerocobra (Airacobra), which was supplied to the USSR under the lend-lease program, in flight.


But whatever the judgments were, one cannot deny the fact that Lend-Lease provided substantial support to the Soviet country in difficult times.

In addition, it must be said that practically nothing remained on the territory of the former Soviet Union that would serve as a reminder of the heroism of our people, who drove American planes, drove and escorted transports, except perhaps for three small museums and the remains of airplanes. At the same time, a completely opposite picture is observed in Alaska and Canada - plaques and large museums, well-kept cemeteries. Every year celebrations in honor of the veterans are organized in the cities along which the route was held.

Maybe it's time to think and at least try to change something? After all, this is also a part of that war, which we simply have no right to forget.

Italian soldiers at the wrecked Soviet medium tank MHNUMX "General Lee". Tanks M3 "General Lee" of the American were supplied to the USSR by Lend-Lease. Summer 3 g. Location: South-Eastern Ukraine (Donbass) or Rostov Oblast, Stalingrad direction.

A rare photo of Soviet tank crews with the Stunt M3A1, in American headsets, with the Thompson M1928A1 submachine gun and the M1919A4 machine gun. American technology was left fully leased by Lend-Lease - with equipment and even small arms for the crew.

Soviet pilots take the American average bomber A-20 (Douglas A-20 Boston), transmitted by lend-lease. Nome airfield, Alaska. Source: US Library of Congress.


British women are preparing the tank "Matilda" for shipment to the USSR under the Lend-Lease. In the UK then everything Soviet was very fashionable and popular, so that the workers with sincere pleasure displayed Russian words on the tank's armor. The first 20 "Matilda" arrived in Arkhangelsk with a caravan of PQ-1 11 in October, and only 1941 of such tanks arrived in the USSR before the end of 187. In total, the 1084 Matilda was sent to the USSR, of which 918 reached their destination, while the rest were lost on the way when the convoys sank.

Soviet reconnaissance vehicle M3A1 Scout Car, supplied under a lend-lease, in a battle on the streets of Vienna, Austria. Machine 1-th Guards Mechanized Corps 3-th Ukrainian Front.

Sending the Valentine's (Valentine) tank to the USSR under the Lend-Lease program. A tank with the inscription "Stalin" is transported by truck from the factory to the port. The photo was taken on 22 September 1941, when the tank factory Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Co. a solemn meeting took place, to which the Soviet ambassador Ivan Maisky was invited. The photo "Valentine" modification Mk.II.

A company of General Li, the M3s of American tanks, supplied under Lend-Lease in the USSR, is being pushed to the front line of the Soviet 6 Guards Army. July 1943

The Kingcobra P-63 fighter, previously supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease, has returned to the United States and is inspected by American technicians. Airbase Great Falls, USA.

Materials used:
http://www.pravda.ru/world/nationals/nasledie/08-05-2003/32832-lendliz-0/
http://blog.i.ua/community/662/703824/
http://www.utro.ru/articles/2005/04/27/433264.shtml
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  1. +20
    8 June 2012 09: 02
    It is then of course true that
    But whatever the judgments were, one cannot deny the fact that Lend-Lease provided substantial support to the Soviet country in difficult times.


    but:

    .... USSR debt to the USA under Lend-Lease, the balance of which is $ 674 million ...


    It was not a donation. It might just as well be said that "the purchase of equipment from the Allies has provided substantial support to their industry in difficult times ..."
    1. Aleksey67
      +9
      8 June 2012 10: 11
      There are themes of "eternal srach" (like Russia-Ukraine-gas) and Lend-Lease is one of them. Moreover, the disputants have a lot of arguments and arguments about their truth. But on the other hand, without such disputes and discussions, life becomes insipid and uninteresting wink
      1. George IV
        +10
        8 June 2012 11: 13
        This is, of course, the subject of uncontested debate.
        But it is also necessary to write articles in such a spirit that there is one opinion, and there is another. And then Valera cut it off. Invaluable and decisive help and that's it! Quite appreciated, not so decisive. If they really wanted to solve and "help invaluable" then they would have opened a second front already in the 42nd!
        1. +3
          8 June 2012 12: 31
          Georg iv,
          Invaluable and decisive help and that's it! Quite appreciated, not so decisive. If they really wanted to solve and "help immensely" then they would have opened a second front already in 42! --- so after all, the expression "who is the war, and who is the mother", has not been canceled !!!! and the Americans for 2 world wars just got rich !! and they acted on the principle - both ours and yours !!!! money is not known to smell !!!! so it was more correct to write - there was help, but at our own expense !! here in this amers fellows! we ought to learn from them, they will help us for a dollar and give it all 100 !!!
          1. +7
            8 June 2012 13: 57
            Did not like the article.
            Like this ..
            "..And how much and to whom did the US lend-lease?


            Of the $ 42951 million that the entire lending aid cost the Americans, for the defeat of three quarters of the armed forces of Germany and its European allies of the Red Army, the good Washington uncle allocated just 9119 million, that is, a little more than one fifth. While the British Empire alone received 30269 million, France - 1406 million, China - 631 million dollars. And even the countries of South America, whose combat feats without an electron microscope are almost indistinguishable, snatched their 421 million green.

            And how much and what did we pay for the land lease?


            The generally accepted version that the US lending aid was almost charitable does not stand up to scrutiny upon closer examination. First of all, because already during the war - as part of the so-called “reverse Lend-Lease” - Washington received the necessary raw materials with a total value of almost 20% of the transferred materials and weapons. In particular, 32 thousand tons of manganese and 300 thousand tons of chromium ore were shipped from the USSR to the States, the importance of which in the military industry was extremely great. It’s enough to recall that when the Germans, having retreated from Ukraine, lost their Nikopol manganese, the 150-mm frontal armor of their “royal tigers” began to hold shells worse than the similar 100-mm armor plate of previously issued ordinary “tigers”

            But that is not all

            In addition, we paid for allied deliveries in gold. And in considerable quantities. On one British cruiser "Edinburgh", which the sloppish British allowed the Germans to drown, there were 5,5 tons of gold. Our allys also benefited a lot from platinum, valuable timber, furs, as well as their beloved red fish and black caviar. Finally, at the end of the war, the Soviet Union returned a significant part of the weapons and military equipment, as expected under the treaty. Received in return a bill for a round sum of 1300 million dollars. Against the background of the write-off of Lendleigh debts to other beneficent powers, this looked like an outright robbery, and Stalin demanded that the debt be recalculated normally. Subsequently, the Americans were forced to admit that they had lied. However, interest was added to the total amount. The mutually recognized amount, taking into account this interest, according to the Washington agreement of 1972, was 722 million dollars. "
            Lend-lease ....... American help ....
            excerpt from here .... http: //alternathistory.livejournal.com/893297.html
            1. Born in USSR
              +1
              8 June 2012 15: 00
              I agree with you, I also want to add that the equipment was primarily supplied outdated or less successful in its characteristics.
          2. +1
            8 June 2012 14: 11
            How realistic it was to open a second front in 1942 is a very controversial issue. Do not forget that there were two more large theater of operations - the Pacific and African. An improperly prepared assault would simply drown.

            If you read the historical literature about the landing in Normandy, it becomes clear what enormous preparatory work was done there, starting from the production of new amphibious assault forces, and ending with the logistics and misinformation of the enemy.
            1. +3
              8 June 2012 14: 23
              Or maybe answer a simpler question?
              Why, when landing in Italy with complete superiority on the sea and in the air, the landing began in Sicily? Having allowed Germany to evacuate troops from the Apennine peninsula? And not at the base of the Italian boot? In Korea, for example, the landing was dissecting.
              That even why in Italy when the French coast was without fortifications and troops?
              1. loc.bejenari
                -1
                8 June 2012 14: 38
                but they were first of all taking care of their soldiers
                you compare the width of the Dnieper and La Manche and the Strait of Terren
                and remember what it cost our foothold on Bukrin there died more than the United States lost in the whole war
                1. +2
                  8 June 2012 14: 57
                  Quote: loc.bejenari
                  but they were first of all taking care of their soldiers

                  But how then to explain Dieppe?
                  And why did they touch Italy at all? What is the strategic importance of landing on Sicily? Germany, by definition, had to keep troops in Italy and Sicily - each soldier in Italy is less than the Germans on the Eastern Front --- and they (the USA) systematically squeezed the Germans out Italy, they did not even bother to cut off Sicily and the strait between Italy and Sicily was even smaller - at least 30 000 Germans quietly evacuated and went to fight against the USSR.
                  1. eSid
                    +2
                    8 June 2012 15: 18
                    Dieppe the Allies call themselves reconnaissance and the honing of landing operations.
                    And the "Italian Germans" did not go to the VF, but rolled back to Gustav's line, which the same allys had been picking for a long time and thoughtfully for half a year :)
                    1. +4
                      8 June 2012 15: 30
                      Quote: eSid
                      call intelligence reconnaissance

                      what about
                      Quote: loc.bejenari
                      they just took care of their soldiers first

                      Quote: eSid
                      to the Gustav line,

                      oh yes, all the Germans of the Italian group were hanging out near Monte Cassino, but for some reason the Germans brought Elephants to Italy and then exported them. Dresden, the US air fleets could be wiped off the face of the earth, and the railways through the Alps for some reason did not.
                      1. eSid
                        0
                        8 June 2012 15: 34
                        Kars, this is a question for the command of the Allied Air Force. He himself asked the question - why the hell did you have to bomb the monastery itself? After all, the Germans from the ruins that they equipped the NP, it was much harder to pick out.
                      2. +4
                        8 June 2012 15: 49
                        Quote: eSid
                        this is a question for the allied air force command

                        And you can ask a lot of such questions - for example, why during the bombing of the same Dresden the railway sorting station did not receive a single bomb.
                  2. Odious
                    +2
                    8 June 2012 17: 33
                    Igor my greetings with +.
                    On my own behalf, I want to add that Mr. Churchill very persistently suggested opening a 2nd front by landing in Greece. I hope those present understand the meaning of this not wise maneuver.
                    1. 0
                      8 June 2012 18: 23
                      Quote: Odious
                      Mr. Churchill very persistently proposed opening the 2 front by landing in Greece

                      "The Balkans are the soft underbelly of Europe", as Sir Winston used to say. Since the 18th century, the Balkans were under the close scrutiny of Britain, in the First World War they climbed into the Dardanelles, an amphibious operation. What is the style of a sea power to seize the straits and control the sea trade routes.
                      1. Odious
                        0
                        8 June 2012 18: 43
                        Hello Yuri.
                        But Churchill had in mind at that time not straits, but was going to prevent the Soviets into Europe deeply by this maneuver. However, he certainly would not have refused the straits.
              2. 0
                8 June 2012 22: 27
                [quote = Kars] Why, when landing in Italy with complete superiority on the sea and in the air, the landing began in Sicily? [/ quoteAnd despite this, on the first day
                Allied forces suffered heavy losses - only one soldier was injured - he was bitten by a donkey.
            2. +1
              8 June 2012 22: 24
              Quote: Pimply
              Do not forget that there were two more large theater of operations - the Pacific and African.
              Regarding the theater of operations in the Pacific, I will not say anything, but the fact that in Africa the Germans kept about 2% of their armed forces, this fact (although what I mean, without the seal and signature of the Reich Chancellor, you certainly won't believe me). , then watch the channel "Discovery". Dig in the web.
              And in the theater of the east in the Pacific, the Angles cheerfully surrendered Singapore to the Yaps; 70 British surrendered at the mercy of the victor.
              1. loc.bejenari
                -3
                9 June 2012 00: 32
                300000 Germans and Italians were captured at Cape Bon, this is clearly not 2%

                after landing in Italy, she emerged from the war — no German ally — that was
                1. +1
                  9 June 2012 12: 24
                  Quote: loc.bejenari
                  300000 Germans and Italians were captured at Cape Bon, this is clearly not 2%
                  I talked only about the Germans, so the flies are separate, and the cutlets are separate. How many of them were "hans", eh?
        2. +3
          8 June 2012 22: 12
          Oh, Lord, no need to tell that everything about Lend-Lease was hidden. Read the magazines of the 80s, the same "Technique of Youth", there are themes devoted to Lend-Lease. And the novel by VS Pikul, "Requiem for the caravan PQ-17" , dedicated to Lend-Lease was published in 1984 in "Roman Gazeta" with a circulation of two million! In general, this novel appeared in print back in 1970! And needless to say that the book is fiction, and Pikul wrote fiction. Here is what Rear Admiral Uzharovsky wrote : "Pikul wrote the purest and absolute truth! In order to judge this, you need to be not a tourist, but a sailor. You need to be at war. Comrade. Pikul carried it all on his back."
          1. 755962
            +1
            8 June 2012 23: 44
            If you call a spade a spade, then American help is nothing more than making money on our grief. And about PQ-17, it’s true. The history of lend-lease is mythologized by both opponents of the Soviet government and its supporters. The former consider that without military supplies from the USA and England the USSR would not be able to win the war, the latter - that the role of these supplies is completely insignificant. We bring to your attention a balanced look at this question by the historian Pavel Sutulin, originally published in his journal. http://statehistory.ru/35/Lend-liz--Mify-i-realnost/
          2. George IV
            0
            9 June 2012 23: 53
            But I never said that.
            Yes, you never know what Rear Admiral wrote. Pikul is certainly an authority. He himself was a sailor, but the complete picture is not the judgment of one admiral about an artistic (!) Work, but an objective study of historians.
    2. chukapabra
      +1
      10 June 2012 07: 01
      Quote: Kpox
      It was not a donation. It might just as well be said that "the purchase of equipment from the Allies provided significant support to their industry in difficult times ...

      By agreement, only equipment and weapons remaining in the USSR after the war were paid. If the USSR wanted, could return all the equipment (after the victory) and then would not pay a dime at all. And it so happened that he left the equipment and did not pay the money. Under the Lend-Lease agreement, equipment and weapons lost in battle were not paid
  2. Dust
    -1
    8 June 2012 09: 37
    Lend-lease provided significant support to the Soviet country in difficult times - everything with which you can unconditionally agree, everything else in this material is easy to challenge and in most cases to refute ....
    1. Kibb
      -3
      8 June 2012 11: 26
      Quote: Dust
      easy to challenge and in most cases disprove

      For example?
      In addition, of course, "At the same time, the Soviet authorities not only artificially created a negative opinion about American aid, but also kept it in the strictest confidence, and all the direct participants were often outlawed.,"
      1. Dust
        -1
        8 June 2012 12: 26
        Who kept secret?
        There was no secret - although, of course, no one was going to stick out this help, especially since times changed, and the Allies (not ordinary people, of course) ALWAYS kept a fig in their pocket, so everything was fair ...
        1. Kibb
          0
          8 June 2012 14: 27
          Once again and according to the syllables of what?
          In addition to this statement in this material, what else can be easily challenged and refuted?
          Or really believe the statements
          Quote: Audim
          our allies forbade the use of these aircraft on the eastern front - only for the war with Japan

          Does anyone imagine how this can be done? Even if it was
          It’s like in the Rawlsf purchase agreement, the clause that the owner cannot control him is just the driver, well? If he sits behind the wheel, they will probably take Rolls?
          1. Dust
            -6
            8 June 2012 15: 34
            For paragraphs, do you want to refute the article? nothing to do...

            And this pearl?
            Although the documents were signed later, the first sea convoys with Lend-Lease cargo were already sent to the USSR in August 1941.

            Still, there is no Lend-Lease and is not expected, and for the cargo you have to pay in gold!

            The very spirit of the article is rotten ...
            1. Kibb
              0
              8 June 2012 15: 59
              Quote: Dust
              The very spirit of the article is rotten ...

              If it was written with military cargo would you feel better?
              1. Kibb
                -2
                8 June 2012 16: 27
                And I didn’t like the article, one-sided and superficial
          2. 0
            8 June 2012 19: 25
            there is such a thing — technical service — upon receipt of equipment, military specialists came to us to train crews and maintenance personnel — they also wrote up operation reports and ordered zips — so think at your leisure whether it is possible to drive equipment without them (WITHOUT THEIR VEDOM) - in violation of the contract, you can stay without the original zips and ammunition and it was simply not realistic to set up the issue at that time
            1. Kibb
              -2
              9 June 2012 13: 00
              Ah, they made fun of it. Terrible military expert indicates to the Soviet command where to apply and where not to apply equipment - oil painting
  3. Yoshkin Kot
    +2
    8 June 2012 09: 47
    Attention! You do not have permission to view hidden text.

    cool, and the stew was unmarked? or Sherman gave out for the T-35?
    , did not read further
  4. Audim
    +4
    8 June 2012 09: 59
    When it became known that America and the United Kingdom expressed their readiness to help the USSR, he first mentioned the word “Sell,” but pride, or some other motive, did not allow either the American or British parties to demand payment.
    and here below:
    But at the same time, there was a solid debt of the USSR to the United States under Lend-Lease, the remainder of which in the amount of $ 674 million the Soviet authorities refused to pay, citing the American discrimination in trade against the USSR. But, already in 1972, an agreement was signed under which the USSR agreed to pay the United States $ 722 million. The last payment under this agreement was made in 2001.
    Yeah, well, not at all.

    America’s help at that time was really invaluable, and became one of the decisive factors that contributed to the defeat of fascist power.
    Yeah, they didn’t even reach 5% of our runway in wartime, despite the fact that 80% of our production was destroyed. Well ryam is a huge help. What would we do without them. The truth is that before this, the Angolaxes restored Germany’s defense industry and set it on the USSR. Well it is, little things. And the rest of our allies are just fluffy elves.

    But at the same time, many questions arise: why did the Americans with such haste adopt the law on Lend-Lease and its spread to Soviet territory?
    Yeah, in the first year of the war they put as many as three !! (not a tone, namely, pieces) air bombs. Amazing responsiveness.

    In total, over the course of the war years, more than 14 thousand aircraft were transported from America to the Soviet Union: Bell R-39 Aerocobra ...
    It is interesting that in the United States this aircraft was never officially accepted for service - it was recognized as unsuccessful, but deliveries to the USSR for gold were called successful.

    Soviet fighter American-built R-39 "Aerocobra" (Airacobra), supplied to the USSR under the Lend-Lease program.
    And our allies forbade the use of these aircraft on the eastern front - only for the war with Japan - we insured ourselves against our loved ones.
    1. Kibb
      +1
      8 June 2012 11: 21
      Quote: Audim
      Yeah, well, not at all demanded

      And did anyone promise that it would be free?
      Quote: Audim
      Yeah, they didn’t even reach 5% of our runway in wartime.

      How many percent of the GDP were armored personnel carriers, ZSU, seagoing torpedo boats, gasoline, etc.?
      Quote: Audim
      It is interesting that in the United States this aircraft was never officially accepted for service - it was recognized as unsuccessful, but deliveries to the USSR for gold were called successful.

      The cobra on the eastern front came in handy
      Quote: Audim
      our allies forbade the use of these aircraft on the eastern front - only for the war with Japan - we insured ourselves of our loved ones

      Yes, yes - Pokryshkin, Golubev, Glinka ... they probably either fought with the Japanese or it was their dummies
      1. +3
        8 June 2012 11: 58
        ... Yes, Pokryshkin fought precisely on the P-39 "Airacobra" (Airacobra), and I think that it was a good plane in good hands ....
        1. 0
          8 June 2012 14: 27
          http://alternathistory.org.ua/realii-lend-liza-o-primenenii-anglo-amerikanskoi-a
          viatsionnoi-tekhniki-v-sssr-v-gody-vtoroi-mirovoi

          There is a good selection of articles on Alternative History.
        2. Odious
          +1
          8 June 2012 18: 52
          FREGATENKAPITAN
          And on the P-63 "Kingcobra" Alexey Maresyev. I don't know how reliable it is, but the photo in the book shows this particular car.
          1. +1
            9 June 2012 09: 59
            Remember that the MSS A.Maresyev fought on La-5 ...., made 86 sorties, shot down 4 before being wounded, 7 German planes after being wounded (on prostheses) ...... here is clearly not an American
        3. 0
          8 June 2012 22: 34
          Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
          Yes, Pokryshkin fought precisely on the P-39 "Airacobra" (Airacobra), and I think that it was a good plane in good hands ....

          But Boris Safonov, the GSS, who fought in the North, fought in the English fighter. Ask why he died and how.
          1. Kibb
            -2
            9 June 2012 00: 28
            It is unknown how Safonov died. And he died on an American fighter. The history with the bearing is only an assumption. Anyway, there are doubts about these silver bearings - Alison was also on Cobra and there were no problems with him
          2. +3
            9 June 2012 10: 06
            Boris Safonov, by the way, twice by the GSS, fought at the beginning of the war on I-16. he was presented at the Central Naval Museum in St. Petersburg, then moved to an American, died during a combat mission ..... the main version due to engine failure .. did not reach the coast ....
            I am a northerner. born there, served there .... I know the name of Safonov from childhood.
            1. Kibb
              0
              9 June 2012 13: 43
              Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
              main version due to engine failure

              Version but not fact
              but the fact that Alison stood on Cobra, and there the bearings did not melt, is a fact
              And to give the death of Safonov to P40 - as "look what kind of g they poured into us" is, to put it mildly, incorrect. That engine failures are so rare that no one else has crashed because of it?
      2. bamboo
        +1
        8 June 2012 17: 14
        + yes Pokryshkin fought on the cobra, it is a fact !!!
    2. +1
      8 June 2012 11: 42
      The Americans demanded payment for shipping. But neither is it interesting, the reverse Lend-Lease is interesting: we were told at school that the USSR supplied strategic materials, but on the Internet you can find a ridiculous amount ...
      1. Kibb
        -6
        8 June 2012 11: 51
        Quote: laurbalaur
        but on the Internet you can find a ridiculous amount ...

        as much as 2,5 million dollars
        1. +1
          8 June 2012 12: 04
          Somehow they were already discussing the topic of Lend-Lease, I cited documentary facts ......... no one denies the fact that the help of the Allies was needed ...... but, (I don’t remember the numbers now ... ... can be found on the internet) The Buryat-Mongolian Republic (it was like that in those years ... if I made a little mistake in the name, I apologize) supplied the USSR with various assistance more than all the allies (USA, England, Australia, etc.) taken together!!!..........
          You judge ....... allies greatly helped us or not!
          1. Kibb
            +1
            8 June 2012 12: 18
            Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
            The Buryat-Mongolian Republic (it was like that in those years ... if I was a little mistaken in the name, I apologize) delivered the USSR various assistance more than all the allies (USA, England, Australia, etc.) combined !!! ... .......

            This is how, and with what? Sheep sheepskin coats for 12 billion dollars?
            1. Kibb
              +1
              8 June 2012 13: 14
              To pass it is cool, but I would still like to know what the Buryat-Mongolian Republic so helped. And how did they manage to supply the USSR by entering into its composition?
              1. Dust
                0
                8 June 2012 15: 38
                Not Buryat-Mongolian, but Tuva, it seems then the Tavi-Tuvan Republic was called. but to check laziness, and then it was not part of the USSR, and the MPR was never part of the USSR ...
                1. Kibb
                  +4
                  8 June 2012 16: 07
                  "On June 25, 1941, the Tuvan People's Republic declared war on Germany. At the same time, she pledged to provide assistance to the Soviet Union. The republic's gold reserves (about 30 million rubles) were transferred to Moscow. From June 1941 to October 1944, Tuva supplied 50 thousand rubles for the needs of the Red Army." horses, 52 thousand pairs of skis, 12 thousand short fur coats, 15 thousand pairs of felt boots, 70 thousand tons of sheep wool, several hundred tons of meat, carts, sledges, harness and other goods for a total amount of about 66,5 million rubles. donations from the population purchased several dozen combat aircraft and tanks "
                  Significant help, but it’s help, but it’s close to the size of lendlize
                2. 0
                  8 June 2012 18: 27
                  Quite right, the Republic of Tuva, it even seems to have declared war on Nazi Germany at the beginning of the 1942.
                3. 0
                  9 June 2012 10: 28
                  The industrial power of the Soviet Union allowed him to survive the monstrous pogrom of 1941 and the tragic 1942. But in 1943 the Wehrmacht, relying on the increased power of German industry and advanced technologies, launched a counterattack on all fronts. Could the USSR then hold onto without Western supplies, that is the question. What do you think? ........
                  ... .-And how could Soviet Russia "hold out" during the intervention of 14 (!!!) countries in 17-20? When a large territory of the country was under occupation and under the rule of whites, greens, Makhno and God knows who else? ......... So, the question of whether they resisted or not is simply incorrect for a Russian person .... Let's go further - the USSR approached the 41st year with an ambiguous situation in the Armed Forces, on the one hand, the Army and the Navy were in the process of rearmament, which was supposed to end by 43-44, on the other hand, after the Yagoda-Yezhovo-Berievskaya purge, catastrophic changes took place in the Red Army, and unfortunately not for the better ... it came to the point that lieutenants were appointed commanders of battalions, corps , regiments ... As a result, by the beginning of the war, we had a large, but poorly trained and controlled army with a lot of aviation, armored vehicles, which in their bulk were obsolete ... (In fairness, it should be noted that after the devastation of the Civil and World War II, the USSR managed in 10 years to create from scratch the Army and the Air Force, which in the 30s, according to military experts, were considered the best in the world ...) After the devastating start of the war, by 43, the Soviet economy was essentially re-created, earned full force on Volga and Ur le, every day the production of military equipment of new models of tanks, aircraft, artillery increased ... The USSR, having recovered from the catastrophe of 41-42, was already ready to repulse not only a new attack by the Wehrmacht, but also go on the offensive along the entire front ... Next ...... attention! Specially to the issue of Western supplies ..... For your information, according to expert estimates, the aggregate republics of Mongolia and Tuva (then independent) in the USSR during the war years, only one third were less than that of the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Avtrasraliya, N.Zelandii and the Union of South Africa TOGETHER Taken !!!! Interesting information ? I will not give links to anyone I need to find easily ........ I summarize what was said. Thanks to the Western co-creators once again for their help, you just don’t have to introduce yourself as the SAVIORS of the USSR, otherwise it would be awkward to face the Mongols whose population at that time was about a million people !!!
                  1. Kibb
                    +1
                    9 June 2012 12: 14
                    Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
                    only one third were less

                    I’m saying that I’m tired of the numbers, but I have to return to them.
                    Initially, you talked about one Tuva (we don’t take the mistake of the name of the republic - you honestly warned), and asserted that
                    Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
                    supplied the USSR with various assistance more than all allies

                    Now you claim that Mongolia and Tuva were put in a third less than the allies. I quoted a quote on Tuva, it’s not difficult to find on Mongolia, and now explain to me what is there that would cost at least a billion dollars, not to mention from 6 to 9. Who are these your mysterious experts?
                    Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
                    I summarize what was said. Thanks to the Western co-creators once again for their help, you just don’t have to introduce yourself as the SAVIORS of the USSR, otherwise it would be awkward to face the Mongols whose population at that time was about a million people !!!

                    Not smart to whom? Us or the Western Allies?
                    What would you not misunderstand me - the help of Tuva and Mongolia was really tangible and disinterested
                    1. 0
                      9 June 2012 14: 09
                      I didn’t apologize for this, I’ll explain to those who are new to the political map of the world ... until recently Tuva was called Tuva, and Tallinn-Tallinn, and Toshkent_ Tashkent, and so on ....
                      And once again I repeat - this is not we asserting - this is the official data from the official websites of the republics ...
                      1. Kibb
                        0
                        9 June 2012 15: 05
                        Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
                        Buryat-Mongolia

                        Do you remember what you wrote? Where is Tuva-Tuva?
                        Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
                        this is not what we affirm, this is official data from official websites of the republics ...

                        Who are you, are there many of you? Well, I read this data - there is no there and not nearly "more", not "two-thirds"
              2. A_pa_Beer
                -3
                8 June 2012 17: 59
                http://www.legendtour.ru/rus/mongolia/text/text_09.shtml
                What is difficult to search in tyrnet?
                1. Kibb
                  0
                  8 June 2012 18: 25
                  Quote: A_pa_Beer
                  What is difficult in tyrnet to search

                  So what to look for then? Mongolia, Tuva, Buryato-Mongolia may Atlantis
                  Question to Armenian radio - is it true that Rabinovich from Kiev won
                  a million in the lottery. The answer is not Rabinovich but Schneerson, not from Kiev but from Khatsapetovka, not a lottery but into cards, not a million but 200 thousand, and he did not win but he lied
                  1. A_pa_Beer
                    -2
                    8 June 2012 20: 32
                    Are you insane?
                    Or do you use hard drugs?
                    Your answer does not make sense.
                    1. Kibb
                      0
                      8 June 2012 21: 07
                      Opa, personal insults, A-aaa people are the directors of Tyrnet. Urgently.
                      Little to read the branch completely?
                      Okay I will help. There would be a certain republic that helped the USSR more than all the allies. But what kind of republic is incomprehensible. Buryato-Mongolia, Tuva (she is all the same, as Dust correctly pointed out)
                      you still nod to Mongolia
                      And what we see - Tuva rendered help, and without freight, but its volumes are still very different from previously worn
                      So clearer?
                      And about the burgundy anek, so you can shorter, "I heard the ringing but does not know where he is"
                      So with drugs you got hot dear
                      I won’t refuse a beer, but later
                  2. -1
                    9 June 2012 13: 55
                    .... zadolbali you minus .... or really hurts your eyes? Or just can’t believe that this could be so? .....
                    Well, if such a helpless give a link .... aru-kem.ru ›news.php ... ... plus the official website of the republics of Tuva (Tuva) or Mongolia ...... I emphasize official.
                    Plus a good link is given above ....
                    Although, as I understand it, the main argument here is to act on the contrary, denying the facts (12 chairs: - "This is our friend" _ "Himself!), The moderators are trying, the well-known word does not pass ... well, I think it's clear
                    1. Kibb
                      0
                      9 June 2012 15: 44
                      Quote: FREGATENKAPITAN
                      .... zadolbali you minus .... or really hurts your eyes?
                      I do not know what are you talking about.
                      If you want to communicate in this tone, then please.
                      What is true if you change your own statements three times. I did not poke your eyes with the fact that you confused the autonomous republic of the USSR with the then independent state of Tuva, or Tuva of indifference. Or with Mongolia?
                      I gave you a quote that lists the supplies and financial assistance of Tuva, and asked if this could be more than the supplies of the allies?
                      Then this one appeared .... with a beer and began to poke me with Mongolia. Is Mongolia and Tuva the same thing?
                      After which you ply Mongolia with Tuva and graciously agree to two-thirds of the deliveries, do you think that I have not seen your links before and is this the first srach about Land Lisa?
                      I asked you one single question. CAN ALL ALL LISTED IN DELIVERY be TWO THREE from allied supplies? I assure you that you don’t have to be an expert!
        2. Dust
          -3
          8 June 2012 12: 28
          Is that some 2,5 million? You don’t have to stick so much!
          The same adorers of the allies have already clogged up with allegations that everything that the USSR supplied was either complete bullshit, or it was so small that it wasn’t visible in the small scope ...
          1. Kibb
            0
            8 June 2012 12: 48
            Quote: Dust
            Is that some 2,5 million? You don’t have to stick so much!

            What is the other figure, although in general I don’t care, I don’t think that we were especially obliged to them. But hateful moods I do not like
            1. Dust
              -2
              8 June 2012 13: 04
              And who is talking about hat-making? But the amounts were two orders of magnitude greater, at least ...
              1. Kibb
                0
                8 June 2012 13: 38
                Quote: Dust
                who speaks of hatred

                And I am not you [
                Quote: Dust
                But the amounts were two orders of magnitude greater, at least ...
                So where are the amounts? maybe two orders, maybe three or four. I’m not saying no - indicate the amount and source.
                You wrote
                Quote: RedDragoN
                on the Internet you can find a ridiculous amount ...

                I went to Google and found 2.2 million (not even 2.5), which doesn’t suit you?
                1. Dust
                  -3
                  8 June 2012 15: 39
                  In one of the past disputes, an amount of about 200 million came up ...
                  1. Kibb
                    -1
                    8 June 2012 16: 10
                    Quote: Dust
                    In one of the past disputes, an amount of about 200 million came up ...

                    I saw other amounts, for example 7,5 billion
      2. Rockets
        0
        8 June 2012 13: 34
        The author of the article does not count! Superficial possession of the matter. The debt from CCCP passed to Russia and was not repaid. In 2003, Russia owed approximately 100 million US dollars. The deadline for payment is 2030. Somewhere at 17 lyam per year
        But, Russia paid off the debt ahead of schedule, a few years ago

        The author did not mention reverse convoys. Apparently, he didn’t even know about them.

        If the convoy had a designation, for example PQ -15, then the return convoy went under the letter QP-16 and carried everything that the USSR was rich in timber, ore and everything that the American Canadian, British would have come in handy. And they didn’t swallow a ton of gold on tons of warships, but they did
        Wouldn’t the wicked Americans allow the ship handler?! ^^
        Author write!
    3. Audim
      0
      8 June 2012 12: 42
      Soviet fighter American-built R-39 "Aerocobra" (Airacobra), supplied to the USSR under the Lend-Lease program.
      And our allies forbade the use of these aircraft on the eastern front - only for the war with Japan - we insured ourselves against our loved ones.
      Sory - it was about 63 cobras. They were not on the eastern front.
      1. Kibb
        0
        8 June 2012 13: 30
        Quote: Audim
        Sory - it was about 63 cobras. They were not on the eastern front
        Naturally not
        “First of all, the Kingcobras were replenished with units previously armed with P-39s. So, by August, a dozen vehicles arrived in the 17th and 21st Air Defense Regiments. And the very first unit to receive the Kingcobras was 28 The 39st Air Defense Regiment, based near Moscow at the Vnukovo airfield. Several vehicles also hit the neighboring 1944th Air Defense Regiment. According to the memoirs of veterans, this happened at the end of XNUMX.

        In the Air Force, the introduction of new fighters began in the summer. With the Germans, the "Kingcobras" were no longer able to fight. Priority was given to the Far Eastern air armies preparing for hostilities against Japan. "
    4. chukapabra
      +1
      11 June 2012 06: 48
      Quote: Audim
      Yeah, in the first year of the war they put as many as three !! (not a tone, namely, pieces) air bombs. Amazing responsiveness.

      In general, the position of the impudent lumpen.
      To begin with, this was not an American war. Hitler didn’t attack America (unlike Japan)
      But the help of America (Russia) is perceived by the NGE only for granted, but many at the same time have the audacity to declare that we are not obliged to America for this. A huge number of Americans died in wiring caravans, delivering aircraft and other equipment, many of which were not military men, but simply volunteers.
      They talk about a second front, in 1941, somehow forgetting that America was not ready for war at all, but these are trifles. Why was America in 41 obliged to open a second front supporting the USSR if she did not do this for her closest ally of England (who began to fight Hitler earlier than the USSR)? No one wondered why in England they do not scream about the second front ( although they needed him no less than the USSR, why did they completely pay off under the Lnd-Lease and said thanks?).
      So, unlike Hitler, who did not attack America, Japan attacked America and you probably don’t understand what is more logical from America’s side, it was first to deal with Japan, and when the forces and capabilities allowed to open a second front.
      For a Lend-Lease, I must say thank you to them, and not to flutter your wings here and yell at you. and thank you not even supposed to. And as for the payment, read carefully. Only the equipment that survived the battles and remained in the USSR after the victory was paid. How many vehicles died in the battles, how many convoys were defeated? Who paid for it? America out of pocket, so that a little respect
      Yeah, they didn’t even reach 5% of our runway in wartime, despite the fact that 80% of our production was destroyed.

      in the USSR knew how to manipulate numbers remarkably, look at the nomenclature of supplies.
      It was supplied, that is, that it was not produced in the Soviet Socialist Republic, but it was gasoline (aviation) and high-tech weapons. I will give a simple example, in building a house, communications such as water and electricity, the same can make up some 5% of the cost of the apartment, only you can’t live without it.
      TAKE THE QUESTION OF HOW MUCH LIFE OF THE SOVIET SOLDIERS AND CITIZENS AMERICAN HELP SAVED.
  5. laurbalaur
    +5
    8 June 2012 10: 00
    I had to try their 44-year-old stew in 88! quite tasty and even without GMOs))!
  6. +4
    8 June 2012 10: 06
    At the same time, the Soviet authorities not only artificially created a negative opinion about American aid, but also kept it in the strictest confidence, and often put all direct participants outlawed.,
    It's strange how one can keep aid secret and create negative opinion when the troops take advantage of it all. How can you dislike, for example, stew, or, for example, the same "Aircobra" on which one of the best aces of the war, Pokryshkin, flew?

    It can be said that he proved himself to be practically a genius of diplomacy, wrapping Lend-Lease deliveries to the benefit of the USSR. ,
    It’s also an incomprehensible moment, according to the meaning of the text, I understand that Lend-Lease deliveries would still not matter to anyone, while Stalin managed to wrap them in favor of the USSR. It is unlikely that Britain began deliveries to Germany, the country with which it was at war.

    When it became known that America and the United Kingdom expressed their readiness to help the USSR, he first mentioned the word “Sell,” but pride, or some other motive, did not allow either the American or British parties to demand payment. ,

    For deliveries, the USSR paid in gold, moreover, cargo left the port, and not upon arrival at the destination. If transport was drowned in the Atlantic (when accompanied by convoys of the allies), then the USSR still had to pay for the cargo.

    And no one reduced the value of the land lease; even Zhukov and Mikoyan talked about the timeliness of this assistance.
    1. Dust
      +2
      8 June 2012 10: 12
      Lend-lease as such was not paid, deliveries went as if on loan, with payment after the war or the return of unused ...
      There were still purchases for gold, but this is not a Lend-Lease, but ordinary deliveries ...
      There were counter deliveries of raw materials ...
      1. Splin
        0
        8 June 2012 12: 15
        And the cruiser "Edinburgh" with cast iron blanks went to the bottom? When he was sinking, the British Russian ships did not allow them to help. After this incident, the calculations were made mainly after the war. And when the Katyushas were removed from the Studenbeckers, and then they were drowned in neutral waters. Or many people know how near Poltava they crushed planes with tanks under the watchful eye of the Yankees
        1. Dust
          +4
          8 June 2012 12: 30
          Read carefully - Edinburgh was carrying a delivery fee, not a Lend-Lease payment, there are different principles ...
          1. Splin
            0
            8 June 2012 12: 45
            It looked like this. We supply you 100 thousand rifles by ice-lease, and you need two hundred. We'll bet two hundred, just pay extra for the second half. At first, the United States stripped Britain off like that, and after that they both began to "shoe" the USSR .. Yes, supplies were a salvation, but what went on in the beginning? Battered British Harikeins and 40s American Lend-Lease Kitihawks. Nobody was going to deliver novye to the USSR before Stalingrad. So they fought on such hardware. Although it was crappy, it was better than none.
        2. Kibb
          +3
          8 June 2012 12: 37
          Quote: Splin
          When he drowned the British Russian ships were not allowed to help

          There were no Soviet ships there
          Quote: Splin
          And when Katyushas were removed from the Studenbeckers, and then drowned in neutral waters

          I doubt that you would not know what BM13 Normalized is and when they were withdrawn from service
          Quote: Splin
          Or many people know how near Poltava tanks crushed planes under the vigilant eye of the Yankees

          Especially all Kingcobras transmitted
          1. Splin
            +3
            8 June 2012 12: 52
            BM-13 was then placed on the ZiL-151 chassis and they were worse.
            1. Kibb
              0
              8 June 2012 13: 10
              Quote: Splin
              BM-13 after they were put on the ZiL-151 chassis and

              BM13N is the student’s chassis, they were rearranged only after full wear and tear of the Studebakers, for obvious reasons there were no spare parts for them
      2. Splin
        0
        8 June 2012 12: 59
        http://www.skipper.kiev.ua/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=425&Itemid
        = 138 & lang = ru
        1. Kibb
          -1
          8 June 2012 13: 05
          So, what do you want to say with this link, the story of the death of Edenburg is known.
          1. Splin
            0
            8 June 2012 13: 20
            I want to say that there was a payment during the war, moreover, this is the main amount. By the 41st year, Britain had become impoverished because of American supplies. For 50 rusty destroyers, the British leased their bases in the Antarctic to Americans for almost a hundred years.
            And in the 44th year, London almost paid off America for deliveries.
            -From where is the money?
            - Of the bank, of course. State Bank of the USSR.
            1. Kibb
              0
              8 June 2012 14: 12
              Quote: Splin
              I want to say that the payment was during the war, moreover, this is the main amount

              Quite possible
              I’ll tell you so, I’m sick and tired of this picking in the numbers, how many millions or billions are owed to anyone there.
              The rules of the game are
              We deliver - you pay, no one ever talked about free help
              England and the United States are temporary allies, that when they concealed their position towards the USSR? No.
              Demanded to pay denyuzhka after the war? Duc "the war is over, thank you all, everyone is free" - the USSR enemy number 1. They also sold us jet engines, idiots, but nobody is against Russian gold, right?
              Help was needed to survive, gold and everything else was secondary.
              What do you think they will put their people so that our losses are less?
              Are they talking about selfless help? These are their problems - we know what it cost us. But why distort and frankly lie?
              1. Splin
                -2
                8 June 2012 14: 38
                In general, I did not name a single digit. I just don’t know them. For America, it was a pure business. I wouldn’t be sitting in an armchair, not Roosevelt, but Truman in the 40th, they would sell weapons to both of them. Papa Kennedy was one of the main fascists in the USA
                Do not understate or exaggerate the merits of Lend-Lease. Yes, without him we would have died in the first year, but the British and Americans alike had made good money on our misfortune.
                How Churchill rejoiced on June 22, 41st. This is recorded in the chronicles.
                And I think they wanted it to be so initially when they surrendered the Sudetenland to Hitler.
                They wouldn’t supply us with weapons; Hitler would eat up the USSR and spread to them.
                1. Kibb
                  -2
                  8 June 2012 15: 08
                  Quote: Splin
                  In general, I did not name a single digit.

                  Claims are not for you specifically in numbers - I generally expressed my attitude
                  to this "dispute".
                  but I can’t believe that you are kind of knowledgeable and reasonable person
                  you really don’t know that Pikul is not a historian
                  Quote: Splin
                  When he sank the British Russian ships did not allow

                  That the battered Herikeyns and the P40, the British really took off from themselves, or do you think that they are more important than any Eagle or Coventry
                  Cho, far from all tanks and students were melt into the sea, and not all planes were crushed by bulldozers?
                  That Cobra didn’t come to us because Mr. but because we really needed her
                  Yes, you look at all what they write, it’s forbidden to use on the eastern front, thanks at least they didn’t forbid to fight with the Germans
                  1. Splin
                    -1
                    8 June 2012 15: 39
                    They didn’t tear them away from the heart, but honestly retouched they passed them to us. I don’t remember that somewhere in the column there were used planes. They knew very well that these machines, and in experienced hands, were not able to fight Messer. In the Battle of Britain, the Spitfaers attacked the 109th and these cows were finished off by bombers, and where Harikeyn also showed himself poorly. They disposed of garbage in this way. London was practically not bombed, and Spitov became more.
                    And how did the Gloucesters transmit to us, which are generally neither village nor city?
                    1. Kibb
                      -1
                      8 June 2012 16: 22
                      And somewhere it was written that there should be new spitfayers and slipped used. Hariki?
                      Quote: Splin

                      And how did the Gloucesters transmit to us, which are generally neither village nor city?

                      Why is the Gladiator worse than I15Bis and I153?
                      What they could, they gave it. As for the sleeps, they were not in our place, too, especially they did not favor them, unlike the cobra
                      1. Splin
                        +2
                        8 June 2012 17: 11
                        I agree, we have not a single western fighter fighter did not go. Another tactic. But the fact that they did not fit us was taken away with a bang.
                        Gloucester is certainly no worse than our Seagulls, but we had enough of this good, but the new generation was destroyed.
                      2. Kibb
                        -1
                        8 June 2012 17: 58
                        Well, imagine: there are 80 Spits, say, ten squadrons must be re-equipped and the Russians want a hundred fighters, what will the Spits give us?
                        This Cobra was then made for us and Bel constantly grinded them in accordance with our wishes. And in the 41st, Britain did not have many new planes, and there was a big F on all the theater, so there wasn’t much to give, but to sell
                      3. Splin
                        -4
                        8 June 2012 18: 17
                        Therefore, it is necessary to supply Kaku-like Gloucester instead of anything.
                        It was not a question that they posed it so posed, but be objective, admit in your history textbooks that the Russians fought in large numbers on Lend-Lease trash.
                      4. Kibb
                        +1
                        8 June 2012 18: 58
                        Firstly, Gladiator’s shipments are not confirmed by anything
                        Secondly, I don’t like it, don’t take it (I understand that the USSR is not in the right position, but
                        In the third -Gladiatra how many could be? And how many Cobras, Bostons, P40 (not a fotan of course, but they flew), Harikov (also junk, but also fought on LaGG)
                        Quote: Splin
                        recognize in your history books

                        Yes, I get to pour on their history textbooks - we almost every year re-stuff. Clever and so will figure out over time, but stupid anyway
                  2. 0
                    9 June 2012 14: 22
                    Pikul is not a historian? ..... Maybe ... yes he wrote HISTORICAL NOVELS ... but what is it? Love is a carrot from myself, a story from the archives ...,
                    I was fortunate enough to meet this wonderful person twice ..... Once he came to us in Kaliningrad, to the Higher Military School of Ukraine to meet, the second time in Liepaja at his invitation he was at his house ... so I’ll tell you that he’s not a historian Pikul for months or years did not climb out of the archives, including and closed where he had access, before each novel .....
                    1. Kibb
                      0
                      10 June 2012 20: 22
                      "Sharp-nosed Swordfish took off from the deck of Avenger" - I really love reading Pikul, he is a wonderful writer. But not a historian
    2. +2
      8 June 2012 12: 26
      .... the cruiser "Edinburgh" accompanied the convoy QP-11 (28.04.1942/7.05.1942/5,5 Murmansk - 2/1942/456 Reykjavik). He had on board about XNUMX tons of gold - partly payment for Soviet purchases in Great Britain and the USA, made in excess of the Lend-Lease program (supplies under Lend-Lease were not payable until the end of the war, partly - "reverse Lend-Lease": raw materials were supplied for production of communication equipment for the USSR, which was used for gilding contacts of all telephone, radio and navigation equipment produced for the Soviet army, aviation and navy May XNUMX, XNUMX sunk in the Barents Sea by submarine U-XNUMX (Captain Max-Martin Teichert).
      Rather, he was sunk by his EM, who finished off the Edinburgh with two torpedoes on board .... the crew was 100% removed and taken to Murmansk, they forgot to see gold ...
      In 1981-86, gold was raised, it was divided as follows: -third -United Kingdom, two-thirds-USSR
      1. Splin
        +1
        8 June 2012 12: 33
        Rather, 1/3 of the USSR and Great Britain and one third of the search team.
        1. Kibb
          +1
          8 June 2012 12: 52
          Quote: Splin
          Rather, 1/3 of the USSR and Great Britain and one third of the search team

          But the USSR got insurance during the war, about a third of the cost
          1. 0
            9 June 2012 09: 42
            The contractor company received 45% of the total ...
            By the way, during the lifting operation, there were representatives of the insurance company who recorded the volume of gold raised
    3. chukapabra
      +1
      11 June 2012 07: 41
      Quote: Parabelum
      It is strange how it is possible to keep help secret and create a negative opinion when the troops use it all.

      You probably didn’t live under the USSR. The official propaganda told a lot of fairy tales, and from the age of 36 the constitution was called * victorious socialism, and from 77 - * developed socialism * and who believed this?
      Quote: Parabelum
      How can you dislike, for example, stew, or, for example, the same "Aircobra" on which one of the best aces of the war, Pokryshkin, flew?

      Well, yes, by all accounts, the media went about help and about Pokryshkin’s plane.

      Quote: Parabelum
      When it became known that America and the United Kingdom express

      England could not provide assistance, but the USSR needed it even more.

      Quote: Parabelum
      For deliveries, the USSR paid in gold, moreover, cargo left the port, and not upon arrival at the destination. If transport was drowned in the Atlantic (when accompanied by convoys of the allies), then the USSR still had to pay for the cargo.

      Fairy tales .
  7. BAT
    0
    8 June 2012 10: 08
    Article --- complete nonsense !!! Well, if it weren’t for American help, it would have been a complete collapse for us. Judging by this photo selection, the Soviet Army fought exclusively with American weapons. Complete nonsense!!! and help was not free. Amers would just help. To whom is war, and to whom is mother dear? If you really would like to help in that war, then you would have opened a second front much earlier. And so, just a business ... I put a minus. It’s a pity that I can only put one on. I would bet a lot.
  8. raptorr
    -5
    8 June 2012 10: 11
    If there wasn’t a Lend-Lease war on the eastern front, it could have ended differently. FACT
    1. +1
      8 June 2012 10: 21
      "If there weren't b% the name of something or someone%, then the story could have turned out differently." But this is not a fact, but a subjunctive mood :) I do not dispute the importance of the supply of equipment and weapons by the allies (the same Katyushas successfully worked on the Studebakers), but to assess this as the BASIC victory over Nazi Germany, in my humble opinion, is still wrong.
    2. jo_lik
      -3
      8 June 2012 14: 34
      Quote: raptorr
      There wouldn’t be a Lend-Lease

      The victory parade would be in Paris.
  9. +3
    8 June 2012 10: 20
    Without these supplies, the USSR would have won the war without a doubt, but it was possible to have fought for a year and a half longer, and the losses would have been even greater.
    1. Dust
      -1
      8 June 2012 10: 25
      Most likely, but no one ever argued with this!
    2. Audim
      -1
      8 June 2012 10: 49
      According to various estimates, which I saw on the internet (there are no unofficial, official ones, as everything is known from both sides), help was from 2.5 to 4.5% of our destroyed runway.
      They fought for 4 years. Let’s add, let’s say 5% that we’ve fought would be 2,5 months longer.

      This is nothing at all.
      But how much scream from the allies that they supposedly helped without a fee, Tear off the last piece from their loved ones.
      1. Kibb
        +1
        8 June 2012 14: 45
        It’s like it was in the USSR before - the issue of that made up so many percentages from a certain period of such a year, at prices of 1913.
        Can you evaluate how much the war dragged on the absence of a couple of dozen M3 in a particular sector of the front?
        The presence or absence of armored personnel carriers in the troops is how much of the GDP? Same with zsu
        How many B2 engines have American aluminum crankcases, and how much is this from GDP?
        Will penicillin be considered in GDP either in human lives or in millions of dollars?
        And how many little things are different? Fences from American field takeoffs in almost every city where, after the war, airfields were ...
        Quote: Audim
        They tear off the last piece from their loved ones.

        The British really tear
      2. Tirpitz
        0
        8 June 2012 17: 28
        Deliveries are quite significant, when evacuating from Ukraine, the USSR lost aluminum and there was simply nowhere to produce it (these are not turning lathes under the sky), plus entire plants were supplied.

        Supply Range
        The nomenclature of Lend-Lease supplies was determined by the Soviet government and was designed to fill up the bottlenecks in the supply of our industry and the army.
        Aircraft 22 150
        Tanks 12
        Passenger jeeps and all-terrain vehicles 51 503
        Trucks 427 284
        Motorcycle 35 041
        Tractors 8 701
        Rifle 8 218
        Automatic weapons 131 633
        Pistols 12 997
        Explosives 345 735 tons
        Dynamite 70 pounds (400 tons)
        Gunpowder 127 tons
        TNT 271 pounds (500 tons)
        Toluene 237 pounds (400 tons)
        Detonators 903
        Building equipment $10
        Freight wagons 11 155
        Locomotive 1
        Track layers 8 089
        Anti-submarine ships 140
        Frigate 28
        Torpedo boat 202
        Icebreaker 3
        Submarine 105
        Cargo ships 90
        Torpedo 197
        Radar 445
        Engines for ships 7784
        Food stock 4 tons
        Machinery and equipment $ 1
        Anti-tank guns 5
        Anti-aircraft guns 8
        Artillery shells 473
        Steel 2 tons
        Non-ferrous metals 802 tons
        Aluminum pipes 5 tons
        Insulated copper wire 181 616 tons
        Petroleum products 2 670 000 tons
        Chemical 842 tons
        Cotton 106 tons
        Woolen fabrics 69 square meters
        Leather 49 tons
        Tire 3
        Rubber 81 tons
        Army boots 15 pairs
        Blankets 1
        Alcohol 331 066 L
        Field telephone sets 423 107
        Buttons 257 723 498 pcs.
        In addition: complete refineries, radars, naval mines, military, staff and hospital tents, overhead cranes for machine-building enterprises, field bakeries, optics - from sniper sights to sophisticated fire control devices, field kitchens, cement, rails with hundreds of thousands of tons , surgical instruments, tens of thousands of tons of barbed wire, tens of millions of electric bulbs, equipment for hospitals, landing equipment, thousands of tons of camouflage nets, parachutes, forging and pressing equipment, particularly precise grinding machines, etc. [17].
        1. CC-18a
          0
          8 June 2012 23: 55
          In peacetime, approximately the same supplies and nomenclature exist between many countries ... to call simple interstate trade some help ... it must be perverted greatly!

          In addition, do not forget, the USSR conducted reverse lendlization and the USSR supplied many valuable materials and resources to England and the USA. If I’m not mistaken, the copper wire for communication from copper was made by the allies of our copper supplied to them, while returning in the form of a wire somewhere 1/10 of the rest 9/10 settled in the allies.
          1. Kibb
            0
            9 June 2012 00: 47
            And you can give an example when in peacetime some country delivered four thousand tanks and 12 thousand aircraft for four years. Half a million cars, about 22 ships and boats, etc.?
            I really don’t understand where the boats came from.
            1. CC-18a
              0
              10 June 2012 02: 15
              Yes, any country, just shout the order.
              India, for example, buys hundreds of T-90s from us. At the same time, the modern production of tanks is not much like in the Second World War, but much less, we are talking about thousands no more.
              Here are the statistics:
              In World War II, the United States, England, Germany, and Italy from 1939–1945. and the USSR for 1941-1945. 279,8 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns

              280/12 = 23. That is, 1/23 spent at that time (the largest military) was purchased THE USSR.
              Unfortunately, I do not have data on the number of tanks produced for the period 2007-2012, I can assume the current on the basis of these data:
              In February 2001, India signed a contract with Russia for the supply of 310 T-90C tanks in response to Pakistan's purchase of Ukrainian T-80UD tanks and Al-Khalid’s own tanks. At the factory in Avadi planned release 1000 T-90S tanks. In November 2007, another supply contract was concluded. 347 tanks of this type from Russia

              Honestly too lazy to delve deeply, but the above quote can be calculated from India. 10 tanks of only T-657S were purchased in 90 years, how many other tanks I don’t know.
              The world tank complex produces well, by force ... damn well, let's say 5000-6000 is clearly more than real numbers, but we take it with a margin.
              equate to a 5-year period the same period as the Second World War: 3000 and 328 let it be ... 3000/328 = 1/10 roughly speaking.
              In the modern world where there is no world war, where there is no total extermination of peoples, there are countries that buy more tanks in peacetime than the Soviet Union in Lendlize.
              Or I’m directly writing:
              Now India is purchasing more tanks in relation to the world number of production than when the Soviet Union bought land lends in wartime.

              C.T.D.
              Lendlis is a simple trade, and by modern estimates and standards, it turned out to be even modest.
        2. 0
          1 January 2020 11: 12
          during the evacuation from Ukraine, the USSR lost aluminum and there was simply nowhere to produce it

          How is it nowhere? 3 factories were evacuated to the Urals, including equipment, materials, workers, engineers and directors. We expanded production by the end of the war several times. As the technological units, the plants were not lost, the location simply changed.
          1. 0
            1 January 2020 12: 19
            Quote: Mikhail Che
            3 factories were evacuated to the Urals, including equipment, materials, workers, engineers and directors

            Evacuation during the war, this is the same fake as industrialization in the 30s. Something was evacuated, of course, in detail. But basically everything remained in place. Something was not even burned or blown up.
  10. Audim
    0
    8 June 2012 10: 39
    And the first photograph is probably so that everyone here would be inspired by the idea that this is how the Anglo-Saxons took care of us (in the photographs purchased by the Communists, in 1921 I would steam locomotives for the gold of the church and the Romanovs)

    Another interesting fact is that all documents on Lend-Lease are blocked from both sides and the secrecy was extended in 2001 at the request of the United States.

    And anyway - Why on this site is the translation of US propaganda? If only a link to the English original was given.
    1. +5
      8 June 2012 10: 54
      in the 21st year of the USSR was not (and there is an inscription on the photo) .. therefore, you are wrong
    2. +1
      8 June 2012 12: 36
      I support ... for that they minus ....... This story with steam locomotives and other equipment used to get around .... Trotsky and his brother, an American banker, are involved
  11. 8 company
    -7
    8 June 2012 10: 45
    The fact that they will try to infuse the article is immediately clear. We are the coolest and could do without any bourgeois help, as we did during the famine of 1932-33. Still, the question of payment is interesting: so what did the USSR pay for, and for what not, and to what extent?
    1. Audim
      +1
      8 June 2012 11: 03
      The question is not that we are the coolest of all, but that:
      1. Restored and armored Germany Anglo-Saxons.
      2. Anglo-Saxons set Germany against the USSR
      3. When peppered it became clear that it could fly back and then with the wrong hands and lives began to cover themselves
      4. Until the war was almost won by the USSR, a second front was not opened
      5. And when they entered the second front, they declared that they were the savior of Europe and the Russians were standing on the side
      6. Well, and most importantly, they did not hesitate to demand money for deliveries to save themselves by other people's lives.

      Well, of course, Russian bastards why still do not bow at the legs.
      1. 8 company
        -1
        8 June 2012 11: 33
        Quote: Audim
        1. Restored and armored Germany Anglo-Saxons.


        Try to think, where did the factories and equipment in the USSR come from? I’ll tell you a terrible secret: these are the very Anglo-Saxons who designed them, helped build and equipped them.
        1. Audim
          0
          8 June 2012 11: 59
          The difference between the factories in the USSR and Germany, as always in the dough.

          Factories in the USSR were built and purchased for money of the USSR. From the side of the Anglo-Saxons this was not help - it was a business.

          But the factories in Germany are not for the German brand but for the money of the Anglo-Saxons.
          1. 8 company
            -3
            8 June 2012 12: 04
            Quote: Audim
            But the factories in Germany are not for the German brand but for the money of the Anglo-Saxons.


            What is it like? Is it possible in more detail about such unprecedented lack of money from the bourgeois side?
            1. Dust
              -3
              8 June 2012 12: 34
              Many factories in Germany belonged to companies that seem to be opponents - this is business, nothing personal ...
              And they read, as if almost on the same conveyor, or at least in neighboring workshops, weapons were made both for the Nazis and for their own (almost sent as part of Lend-Lease to the USSR) - cool, right?
        2. +2
          8 June 2012 12: 44
          8 companyand no one denies this !!! money is everything !!!! they are our plants, we are their gold. so everyone is happy because then there was a crisis, and here is such a mutual salvation !!!
          1. 8 company
            -4
            8 June 2012 13: 37
            Quote: datur
            they are our plants, we are their gold. so everyone is happy because then there was a crisis, and here is such a mutual salvation !!!


            So I am about the same. It's just that someone claims above that the United States sold equipment to the USSR, and gave it to Germany for free. It is also necessary to take into account such a juicy detail: in the USSR during industrialization, a well-known organization under the modest name "Comintern" was actively operating, which was financed by the Soviet state and was engaged in organizing aid to the communist parties of capitalist countries, i.e. financing the world revolution. It turns out that the American bourgeois were selling the latest equipment to those who were going to destroy them.
            1. Dust
              0
              8 June 2012 15: 44
              You are a little mistaken about the Comintern and its activities - far from everything is not simple there, as it seems from the outside ...
              1. 8 company
                -3
                8 June 2012 16: 25
                Quote: Dust
                You are a little mistaken about the Comintern and its activities - far from everything is not simple there, as it seems from the outside ...


                Since you worked in the Comintern, unlike me, an outside observer, could you express yourself more specifically, otherwise you are a little difficult to understand.
  12. -5
    8 June 2012 10: 57
    Yes, this is not help, but business would be better for me if the Amers and Anglo-Saxons fought the Germans themselves on their Lend-Lease machines, and then Vanya took out the whole war on his ridge and after the victory they shared everything equally, all the more the supply peak fell on the 0th year when everything became clear .Yes, the technique was generally not flaky but it was not necessary to compare the USSR, which embarked on the path of industrialization of 44 lat and the pi-peace with its highly developed industry.
    1. -1
      8 June 2012 19: 41
      hey, he's very smart ... my grandfather went through half the war on a "studer" ... and with this "student", according to the award list, when leaving the encirclement, he crushed someone from the "Hans", "Fritzes" and others ... and after the war (thank God, I found my grandfather), I highly praised this car. ... and one more thing: teach the theory: who, how much and what sent, for example, to the 6th Guards. TA? and on what technique did Pokryshkin take his Stars? learn - come ...
      1. 0
        8 June 2012 23: 29
        Okay, I’ll say differently on the technique that the Anglo-Saxons sent themselves to Berlin from the west in 42, it would be better for us, because Stalin always agreed to reduce the supply if the Allies spoke of a second front
        1. +1
          9 June 2012 19: 24
          words are, of course, great. arguments (preferably from serious sources) lead)
        2. 0
          10 June 2012 15: 37
          really! Joseph Vissarionovich easily agreed ??? though not Stanislavsky, but I don’t believe it ... even, as you know, in the 44th to the west, an outdated battleship with a cruiser was taken ... though not new, but? what's this? decline in supplies? and in 42 you wanted ice? no, comrade! in the 42nd the Anglo-Saxons thought how ... to cover their opa ... a little the situevina on our front got better - they increased the volume of supplies at a pace ... they got used to it ... when they need it - ohh th .... take at least Loza's memories, when in the Mongolian steppes "Shermans" against the Kwantung Army were prepared for a year ahead ...
  13. raptorr
    +4
    8 June 2012 11: 31
    In the winter of 42-43, the situation in Stalingrad was like a scales. Houses, streets were constantly changing hands. The Germans have already reached the Volga in some places. Even if the help of the Allies was not so significant in comparison with the GDP of the USSR at that time. But she still helped tip the scales toward the USSR. And if this help did not exist ... If the Germans had nevertheless taken Stalingrad .... There would have been the strength to arrange a new frontier of defense and reverse the situation ... UNKNOWN
    1. Dust
      -1
      8 June 2012 12: 37
      Do not remember what exactly in those moments. when the situation was such that the delicate balance could shift in any direction, our "loyal" allies preferred to play the role of observers and not interfere in the dispute? Moreover, the United States behaved much more honestly, because the British began to shove sticks in the wheels with redoubled energy ...
  14. high school student
    +3
    8 June 2012 11: 51
    The article contains rare interesting photos. But help is good when an unselfish friend helps, and Americans do not differ in disinterestedness.
    Lend Lease - a program of US assistance to the Soviet Union stipulated that at the end of the war all property that had been preserved should be returned to the Americans.
    According to eyewitnesses, they tried to assemble this equipment in the kit as it was delivered, up to the set of tools for repair and when it was brought to the Soviet ports where the American ships stood, they sawed it to pieces in front of the eyes of our soldiers who brought it, and pressed it on scrap metal. And they seem to have the right what they want to do, because in fact, this is THEIR technique, and on the other hand, such an open spit in the face - they say, it’s better to cut yourself less, but you won’t leave anything
    1. Dust
      +1
      8 June 2012 12: 38
      And half the country at that time lay in ruins ...
    2. Odesit
      +1
      9 June 2012 09: 21
      To the gymnasium.
      Here is their true face.
  15. Splin
    0
    8 June 2012 12: 24
    There is a photograph of Kingcobra with red stars. But we didn’t return a single P-63 .. This is the only aircraft we have in service.
  16. +1
    8 June 2012 13: 40
    FREGATENKAPITAN,

    This story is known to many.

    But it only surfaced recently ..

    Greg Brooks, an American treasure hunter, announced the discovery of a wreck with a cargo of platinum worth about three billion dollars. This was February 2 reports BBC News.

    According to Brooks, the head of Sub Sea Research, he discovered the British merchant ship Port Nicholson, torpedoed by a German submarine in 1942. The skeleton of the ship was found by him on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean 80 kilometers from the US coast.

    According to Brooks, the information that together with "Port Nicholson" sank a large load of platinum, he gathered from the registers of the US Treasury. According to him, platinum ingots were transferred to the United States by the Soviet Union as a payment for military supplies.

    I draw your attention torpedoed in 1942 ..

    In my opinion there are many secrets in this story about land lease

    But the fact that the United States and world capital worked on two fronts does not cause any doubt.
    The simplest analysis of the geographical position of the countries of Europe remaining officially neutral. Spain. Portugal. Sweden. partly France and Switzerland.
    Large countries with developed port infrastructure and a financial center.

    But the fact that the United States and world capital worked on two fronts does not cause any doubt.
    The simplest analysis of the geographical position of the countries of Europe remaining officially neutral. Spain. Portugal. Sweden. partly France and Switzerland.
    Large countries with developed port infrastructure and a financial center.
  17. eSid
    +1
    8 June 2012 15: 16
    All the same, they land the lease, they say, and forget that, past the equipment, a lot of strategic materials and equipment were supplied, which allowed in the conditions of the collapse of 41-42 years, the evacuation of industry, to accumulate enough potential to go on the offensive in 43 the whole front.
    There wouldn’t be LL, a victory would be, but in what year and at what cost?
    1. Kibb
      0
      8 June 2012 22: 14
      Quote: eSid
      equipment that allowed in the conditions of the collapse of 41-42 years., the evacuation of industry,

      For example, rotary machines for processing tower epaulettes, multi-spindle machines that made it possible to finally make a normal box for T34, radars ... the truth is later
  18. Rodver
    +1
    8 June 2012 15: 51
    It is a pity that Russia and Germany fought with each other. Ideally, it would be that they would fight in alliance with the entire trading and financial system of the Anglo-American world, and those who then ruled this world and today governs.
    1. +1
      8 June 2012 16: 30
      Quote: Rodver
      It is a pity that Russia and Germany fought with each other.

      This situation was discussed back in the time of the Romanovs. Yes, their own oligarchs interfered.
  19. Owl
    +2
    8 June 2012 16: 05
    In 1992, he worked with a platoon of soldiers in a warehouse of the RAV of district subordination (I don't remember the city, the Moscow region), where samples of small arms (pistols, submachine guns) were stored in hundreds of boxes from a complete set of equipment samples supplied under Lend-Lease. The equipment went to the front without small arms of the crew members, the weapons were stored, what I saw was taken out of the western part of the USSR, before or immediately after the collapse of the Union. During the Cold War, these types of weapons were supposed to be used in a "special period", that is, a few days or hours before the start of the War.
    1. Kibb
      0
      8 June 2012 16: 33
      HM interesting.
      The equipment seemed to be coming with weapons, probably later seized.
  20. 0
    8 June 2012 16: 27
    "For certain political reasons, these deliveries were strictly classified until 1992, and only the direct participants knew about them" - the author, where does this nonsense come from? If you did not know about this "secret", then it is rather your problem. How can it be a secret that everyone knew about. It was on the American M4A2 "Sherman" that my father fought. And no secret was made of it.
  21. Tirpitz
    +1
    8 June 2012 17: 38
    The USSR took into account all the "Lend-Leases" and other hardships of the war, and in the post-war period, many factories could produce military products. Example: the diameter of pasta in the USSR was 5,45 mm, which meant that within a day the food factory could switch to the production of cartridges for AK. This was told to us at ONAFT by a professor at the Department of Food Industry.
    1. Splin
      +2
      8 June 2012 17: 52
      I don’t know about pasta, but Soviet cigarettes and cigarettes were 7,62 caliber. Specially measured when they heard this bike.
    2. 0
      8 June 2012 18: 15
      Tirpitz
      How tired you are with these legends ... if you studied at the Department of Food Industry, then you probably know (if you studied well) that the technology for making pasta is slightly different from the technology for producing cartridges, imagine, even the equipment is slightly different, completely a little - exactly to the extent that the materials of the "products" differ .... By the way, your professor is clearly distinguished by intelligence and ingenuity - he managed to change the caliber in the bike from 7.62 to 5.45 .... in the spirit of the times. But you differ from the bird talker for the worse - well, think for yourself. at a pasta factory. even your way. sleeves had to do. or bullets ... next. I suppose it shouldn't continue? Good luck to you.
      1. Brother Sarych
        +4
        8 June 2012 18: 52
        There is one inaccuracy in this story - in fact, pasta factories could be quite easily adapted for the release of gunpowder, and not cartridges ...
        1. +2
          8 June 2012 23: 16
          Brother Sarych
          As I understand it, is the 5.45 macaroni "caliber" mentioned above very important in the production of gunpowder? By the way. earlier this bike mentioned a rifle caliber.
          Regarding your comment, it is more believable, since part of the equipment is hypothetically (I just don’t know for sure, I don’t want to trynit, but to look for confirmation or refutation is laziness) may well be suitable for the production of gunpowder. In such a case, the missing equipment should also be stored in such factories. But what about the pasta caliber?
      2. Splin
        +1
        8 June 2012 19: 06
        This is known about the tobacco industry. But only has to do with cigarettes only. In the Civil War, cigarette factories were easily converted to cartridge production.
        But with cigarettes this will not work, their production is not possible to reverse. The point here is production technology.
        The modern production of cigarettes is a line along which a huge long cigarette goes, into which tobacco is wrapped, and this super-cigarette is cut into individual cigarettes by the machine, which are then packaged in packs.
        Cigarettes are produced in a different way, there the tobacco mixture is stuffed into the finished cigarette case (by the way, this is the name). To cigarette does not tear for its manufacture using a more dense tissue paper. By the way, that’s why Belomor is constantly fading, if you do not drag on for a long time. Air does not penetrate through the walls of the cigarettes and burning is difficult.
        And since it is not important for production what to stuff - tobacco in cigarettes or gunpowder in a cartridge, you can quickly reorient the enterprise. I believe that the process of manufacturing a cartridge case and a cigarette case is also similar, only the material is different, here is brass, and there is paper.

        So this is not quite a bike, but it’s been known since the Civil, but the diameter of the cigarette remained 7,62!
        1. Kibb
          0
          8 June 2012 19: 46
          Quote: Splin
          And since it’s not important for production what to stuff - tobacco in a cigarette or gunpowder in a cartridge, my

          How do you imagine that? The sleeve is seamless, so brass is no longer available — not paper. The diameter of the sleeve 7.62x54R is not 7,62; under three lines it is squeezed
          pull it in several steps, the bottom part of the original billet - so no long tubes. A circle is knocked out of brass from which a cap is made and a sleeve is already pulled out of it
          So what place is Makranі and cigarettes here, sorry I can’t understand
          The same with shell shells and carcasses. The tin can is twisted and the bottom is a separate blank and the sleeve is again seamless
          1. Splin
            0
            8 June 2012 19: 59
            You ask as if I made this cartridge myself. This is a pistol cartridge for a revolver. This is taken from the site "Russian America"
            1. Kibb
              0
              8 June 2012 20: 43
              I see a photo, it’s also stretching for a nagan, it’s only crimping on the pool
              If all this has some reason, then very theoretically very equipment for cutting tobacco can be used for grinding gunpowder, pasta - for the formation of ballistic gunpowder. Just what for?
              1. Splin
                -1
                8 June 2012 20: 53
                In civilian life, probably every blacksmith was a "ravist". Wherever possible there and riveted ...
        2. 0
          9 June 2012 12: 32
          Quote: Splin
          So this is not quite a bike, but it’s been known since the Civil, but the diameter of the cigarette remained 7,62!

          Looks like the cartridge from the German "Nagant"?
    3. 0
      8 June 2012 18: 41
      Quote: Tirpitz
      This was told to us at ONAPT by a professor at the department of food industry.

      And do not tell me in what year the professor told you this?
  22. A_pa_Beer
    -7
    8 June 2012 18: 03
    Lend-lease for the USSR and England. AT %. Moreover, one of them fought a continental war. And someone sat behind the strait and conducted grandiose actions in saf.afrika.
  23. panzer
    0
    8 June 2012 18: 04
    "If your neighbor's house is on fire, and you have a garden hose, lend it to your neighbor before your house catches fire. When the fire is extinguished, the neighbor will return the hose to you, and if it is damaged, he will pay for it when he saves some money ... “President Roosevelt uttered these words on December 17, 1940, when the lend-lease issue was being decided. It turns out that let the neighbor put out the fire and we will look from the outside, and we will earn some extra money ... And then we will come running, pour out the last bucket of water and proudly declare: Hurray !!! We won!!!
  24. FTALL
    -2
    8 June 2012 18: 44
    This is certainly not the site on which you need to leave a similar comment but I will leave ..
    about payment: after all, only what was not used during the war was not spent and destroyed and what was not delivered after the war, and this was 5% of the deliveries .... there were commercial contracts in non-land lease systems ..SSSR for all I couldn’t pay for all deliveries .. of course, it’s not charity but the American calculation, because the USSR did the work for the USA and the USSR made the most significant contribution to the victory, but in whose victory it is better to keep silent ...
    1. A_pa_Beer
      -4
      8 June 2012 20: 21
      So for sure, there was a return (which was flattened in front of the people)
      Payment in blood, they did not accept.
  25. r.anoshkin
    -3
    8 June 2012 19: 04
    For certain political reasons, these deliveries were strictly classified until 1992, and only the direct participants knew about them.The help of America at that time was really invaluable, and became one of the decisive factors that contributed to the defeat of the fascist force .------ -Two phrases, and immediately understandable, the author is an asshole, the article is custom-made. I know about Lend-Lease from childhood (1968 gr), and without it, Victory Day could have been a maximum in the autumn of 1945.
    1. A_pa_Beer
      -6
      8 June 2012 20: 27
      r.anoshkin-kg / am, read the documents (muda ... g)
      if not for "help omerigi, paddling pools and beer lovers"
      as well as neutral countries (SWEDISH)
      We ourselves would have fought with the Fuhrer.
      1. Odesit
        +2
        9 June 2012 09: 06
        Bullshit. Someone yesterday after our victory over the Czechs drunk great! It will pass.
        By the way, everyone with a victory 4 \ 1 !!!!! Keep it up!
    2. -3
      8 June 2012 21: 12
      r.anoshkin
      Yeah, another secretary appeared ... what kind of secrecy can be talked about if I found in the city library all the information terribly classified by evil communists for a history report at school ..... judging by what you have now stated, the degree of reliability of all that you write - the value is negative. But for political reasons, are you lying to us here, or just out of stupidity - I have not been given a chance to know ... can you admit? Very curious! By the way, I'm younger than you. but, apparently, he studied better at school, what’s your history? :)))))
      1. +3
        9 June 2012 03: 55
        So, damn it, men, I 71 g / r
        and I really prepared a report on history ... so in 84-85, and, to see the Klaipeda (one of two) library escaped control ... it’s not funny by itself .... democratic truth-seekers .... ...
  26. A_pa_Beer
    -1
    8 June 2012 20: 29
    And thanks to those who donated the last pound / dollar to help the distant USSR country!
  27. 8 company
    -4
    8 June 2012 20: 37
    By the way, I forgot to praise the author of the article. The topic was raised quite adequately and carefully; short but to the point; excellent photos, especially tanks "General Lee" impressed. And the conclusion is very sensible: he walked through both our urapatriotic liars and overseas - exactly the same liars, only exaggerating the role of Lend-Lease and the United States in defeating the Germans.
    With an output phrase: Lend-Lease provided substantial support to the Soviet country in difficult times. I completely agree. Thanks to the author, thanks to the Americans for their help. I also want to remind you that the United States before the 2nd MV was a country that adhered to the principles of non-interference in wars and armed conflicts. In particular, there was an embargo on the supply of weapons to the warring parties in Spain in 1936. Therefore, Roosevelt had to sweat a lot to get the approval of Lend-Lease from Congress.
  28. Tyumen
    +2
    8 June 2012 22: 22
    American planes are not adapted to cold weather: in severe frosts, rubber tires became fragile, the hydraulic system froze.

    the Soviet side shared the technology for the production of frost-resistant rubber, and American - hydraulics resistant to frost.

    Where is the logic?
  29. CC-18a
    0
    8 June 2012 23: 51
    Well ... this is direct agitation of pin * dos, not even polished at all!
    And most importantly, someone believes in it O_O is how to be a limited person in order to support this article and the opinion of the author.

    The truth is one, it is that landlis did not play any significant role in the victory. Whether there was a lendlize or not, we would have won, and so, from here a simple but logical iron conclusion - there was no significant help.
    And there was no help, there was trade! Lendlis is no help!, this is just a trade agreement drawn up through a loan, exactly the same one that you sign at the bank ... my tongue doesn’t turn around shouting that banks essentially save our lives! the same is true for lendlysis.
    1. Odesit
      +2
      9 June 2012 09: 01
      I agree with the SS-18a.
      With or without supplies, we would still win the war.
      Maybe thanks for the car, but we paid for it with interest.
      As comrade Abdula said in the immortal film "White Sun of the Desert" - "we will pay in gold"!
      So they paid. And the point.
      1. +2
        9 June 2012 14: 31
        Odessa +100500, said everything, the topic can be closed!
        1. Odesit
          +1
          9 June 2012 21: 50
          Thank you Mr. Fregatenkapitan!
          Happy hunting to you!
  30. Odesit
    +1
    9 June 2012 08: 30
    How much can you shake the air about this ?!
    Delivered some goods (of dubious quality) - thanks!
    We paid for these goods!
    People are fighting in the war, not tanks and planes, and the blood of the Russian Soldier has no value. Here, for these holy shed blood, these monkeys will never pay with us.
    In this context, it is said that that war was 90 percent of their own creation and was originally planned exclusively against you and me, but went diametrically to the turn.
    As they say - for what they fought for it and ran!
    So it’s not what heroes to do of them, they are not heroes, but CRIMINALS.
    Lend-lease, Lend-lease, already sore mouth, tired.
    1. +1
      9 June 2012 11: 51
      Correctly Odessa completely and completely agree with you, these babosy cut down on the blood of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers and we owe them, the shtob didn’t rub it all over the neck
      1. Odesit
        0
        9 June 2012 12: 10
        Thanks for the kind word Oleg!
        I shake my hand firmly.
        By the way, in our glorious hero city, pronounced with one letter "c" - Odessa, and sometimes you can hear - Adesa.
        Well, I'm not talking about spelling, but about colloquial speech.
  31. wolverine7778
    +1
    9 June 2012 14: 35
    All the same, the photograph of Soviet and American pilots at the P-63 Kingcobra. Looks great when it was united by a common enemy. And the story may repeat itself. everything has a turn in this world, everything))) winked
  32. wolverine7778
    +1
    9 June 2012 14: 55
    Or maybe Stalin should have been sent in three letters when Roosevelt and Churchill offered a land lease? lol
  33. +1
    9 June 2012 14: 59
    .Yes one more thing ... somehow I missed: -.......In addition, it must be said that practically nothing remained on the territory of the former Soviet Union that would serve as a reminder of the heroism of our people, who drove American planes, drove and escorted transports, except perhaps for three small museums and the remains of airplanes. At the same time, a completely opposite picture is observed in Alaska and Canada - plaques and large museums, well-kept cemeteries. Every year celebrations in honor of the veterans are organized in the cities along which the route was held.
    .... Well, to put it mildly, this is not true ..... Meetings of veterans of northern convoys are annually held in Murmansk, they even invite former Luftwaffe pilots participating in raids on caravans ...
    ... Well, the fact that they have more monuments and museums ... so they in their mass only saw the war in the cinema ..... millions of us died during the war ..... and they were all heroes !
  34. r.anoshkin
    0
    10 June 2012 15: 48
    Strange comments, apparently with a crossover. The first two and a half lines of my previous com are quotes from the article (see above). First read the article, dibeloids, and then what is lower.
  35. -1
    11 June 2012 00: 15
    It is not only and not so much the quantity and quality of the delivered weapons and raw materials, but the timeliness of deliveries. Lend-lease played a decisive role at that critical moment, when the USSR industry had not yet had time to deploy at full capacity in the evacuation and give the front what was required of it.

    It was the 1942 campaign that was carried out under the sign of Lend-Lease technology. This is not surprising, because our tank factories were still malfunctioning, while English vehicles were forming near the theater of operations and therefore mostly went to the southwest direction, devouring the tanks like a good locomotive firebox.
    Here, other samples of British and first American tanks arrived at the front, which, despite their radically different appearance, had the same index - M-3. In the summer - fall of 1942, light "Stuarts" and medium "General Lee", together with the "Tetrarchs" and "Churchills" took part in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of the Caucasus.

    Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin
    The armor shield of Stalin. History of the Soviet tank (1937-1943)
  36. +3
    11 June 2012 04: 11
    I wonder how much the authors of such opuses get in dollars?
    False article. Because it’s half-truth. How much was the L.-L. technique from Soviet production? For tanks, 12%; for aircraft, 18%. etc. In accordance with the indicated percentages, it is necessary to evaluate the role of supplies.
    1. Andrew-53
      0
      13 June 2012 19: 50
      The number of modern Lend-Lease fighters (Cobras, Spitfires, Thunderbolts) is a very insignificant figure against this background - only 12%. BUT! How can you compare the primitive Yak-1 with the unglued skin and morally outdated Ishachki with the most modern combat aircraft in the world that have retained their fighting qualities to the end of 50x ?! It is much more objective to compare them with domestic fighters that have approximately equal performance characteristics. Many such, you ask. Lot!

      First of all, La-xnumx. After testing Lavochkin in Rekhlin, the Germans wrote about this plane "it is very different from everything that the Russians have done before."
      La-7, Yak-3, Yak-9T (2700 fighters of this series were released, modifications of the Yak-9U - all these machines were not much inferior to their foreign “colleagues.” The only thing that can be reproached them is the build quality, but it improved from Year in year. Instrument, radio and navigation equipment of the cabin was also poorer, but given the specifics of the Eastern Front, it had little value.

      As a result, more than 25 000 Soviet fighters meet the best international standards. The ratio of Lend-Lease to domestic production in this segment was 35%! Here it is perhaps the most interesting figure.

      In the East, there is a wise parable about the last straw that broke the neck of an overloaded camel. Lend-Lease is the opposite of a saving straw, but on a grand scale - THIRD of the most advanced fighter jets of the Red Army air forces were supplied from abroad.


      Truck theme

      Other cornerstones of the Lend-Lease were motor vehicles and aviation fuel (51% of jet fuel was supplied to the USSR from abroad, details in the previous article).

      Truck deliveries are worthy of a separate article. I will mention only short facts: the cumulative production of cars of all types in the USSR during the war years - 162 000 pcs. Another 260 000 machines were mobilized into the army from the national economy. Trophy German technology - 70 000 machines at the end of the war.
      Lend-Lease Supplies - 450 000 trucks and jeeps. (!)
      Also, the qualitative factor is usually not taken into account: for example, the ZiS-5 engine power is only 78 hp. Dodge, Studebaker and Ford GPV were equipped with engines of 90-111 hp. This quote. And here is the question. How much food, uniform, etc. It was delivered to us by Lend-Lease. I answer. So much that it was possible to contain 11 million army throughout the war. And about the stew, tell those who fluff from hunger in winter 41/42 in the rear.
  37. +1
    11 June 2012 23: 38
    Presentation on a given topic. No more.
  38. 0
    22 July 2022 20: 19
    I don't know if it's true or not. After the end of the war, the USSR returned part of the EQUIPMENT to the USA through Vladivostok, where the Americans brought PRESS, the process is as follows - Reception of a technician + the entire set arranged for her - such as a Canister, a set of keys, etc. - then it is under PRESS and loaded with METAL for shipment to the USA.

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