The fate of domestic electronics

68
The modern world can not be imagined without electronics. It is this industry that is currently the fastest growing and at the same time almost the main engine of progress. Over the past couple of decades, the global electronics industry has reached the point that it can provide not only production for military or industrial needs, but also for applied, civilian ones. It is obvious that attracting "civilian" finance has a beneficial effect on the prospects and pace of development. But it overwhelmingly refers to foreign electronics. Domestic now is experiencing not the best of times.

The beginning of the dawn of domestic electronics is often associated with the formation of the Ministry of Electronic Industry in 1965. One of the authors of the idea of ​​transforming the State Committee for Electronic Technology into the Ministry was A. Shokin, who became the first head of the new department. In the course of the transformation of the Soviet electronics industry in the early 60-s several enterprises of special importance were founded. As a result of all these actions, by the middle of 70's, the Soviet Union caught up with the USA in a number of product categories. Until the end of the next decade, Soviet electronics consistently ranked first in the world. It should be noted that the Soviet electronic industry provided not only the defense sector, but also the civilian.

By the end of the USSR, domestic electronics slowly but surely began to decline. In a number of important areas there was a lag in a couple of years. As it turned out, it was not the worst time. The abolition of the Ministry of Electronic Industry, held in 1991, as well as a sharp reduction in the financing of the industry, eventually led to the fact that over a decade the gap for a couple of generations increased 8-10 times. Until a certain time, the economic opportunities of the country did not allow to pay due attention to the development of electronics. The federal target program “Development of Electronic Component Base and Radio Electronics” for 2008-2015 was adopted only in the 2007 year. It cannot be said that this was a timely decision - the need for something like this was at least ten years before the adoption of the FTP. In total, more than 100 billion rubles are planned to be spent on the rise of domestic electronics, about a third of which have already been allocated.

Only the development of industry is similar to sport: the form is recruited long and difficult, and for its loss less time is needed incomparably. In addition, the collapse of the Soviet Union did not have the best effect on relations between enterprises. For example, the Minsk "Integral" - the leading Soviet plant for the production of microcircuits - remained in an independent Belarus. Similar things happened with Riga Alpha, Kharkov Radio Plant and Tashkent Photon. The loss of a single enterprise in itself could not significantly worsen the life of the entire industry, but several well-established factories and institutions, coupled with a lack of finance for restoring lost opportunities, did its dirty work. With regard to military needs, then ultimately, all this led to the current situation when de jure prohibited use of imported components is observed quite often. At the same time, a considerable part of imports comes precisely from the former Soviet republics. But this is not the case and you need to develop your own production.

Since 2009, the Russian Electronics holding company, owned by Russian Technologies, has been doing this. By analogy with UAC and USC, “Roselectronika” unites 73 scientific organizations and manufacturing enterprises. Gathering all the enterprises under a single start was not easy. We can recall the scandal with the NPP "Pulsar". About a year ago, the management of this enterprise stated that “Roselectronica” required from “Pulsar” impossible things bordering on the destruction of the entire production. It came to an appeal to President D. Medvedev, but in the end the parties reached a compromise and the more controversial topic did not appear. Another noteworthy story associated with the ex-Soviet "Silicon Valley". Two leading electronic enterprises - Zelenograd "Micron" and "Angstrom" - are still alive, although they were privately owned. It would be necessary to pay tribute to the new owners of the enterprises: not yielding to the "fashion" of recent years, they did not rent production premises for trade, etc., but continued to produce electronics. We are not aware of the reasons for these initiatives, but they are undoubtedly commendable. Thanks to them, the leading enterprises of the industry not only survived, but were able to develop at a very difficult time. Naturally, a significant lag behind foreign competitors remained, but it could be much larger.

The state promised one hundred billion to develop the industry is a very good means of achieving the goal. By restoring production, we will be able to transfer it to almost complete self-sufficiency. According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, in 2011, the Russian market of electronic components reached a record 55 billion rubles in recent years. It is worth making an important caveat: this figure refers specifically to the purchases of the element base and does not include the delivery of finished equipment. The country produces many electronic devices and the distribution of the market is as follows:
- about 13 billions of the above 55-ti spend on the purchase of enterprises engaged in the communications industry;
- 10,4 billion for electronics puts out other civilian industry;
- 10 billion rubles last year spent defense enterprises;
- About 3 billion was spent on electronic components from the automotive industry and from manufacturers of medical equipment.

Of course, two and a half thousand Russian enterprises engaged in the production of electronics, so far even together can not compete with the leaders of the world market. For example, for the 2011 year, the notorious Intel company has traded its electronic components for 54 billion dollars. The difference in sales is huge. But all the same, it turns out that the development of the national element base will entail huge profits by today's standards. For this, first of all, it is necessary to update the production equipment and master new technological processes for our country. Then, by the year specified in the Federal 2015 program, the existing gap on 12-15 years will be reduced several times and the next similar FTP will again bring our country into the industry leaders. Only in the best case it will be in eight or ten years, because competitors are also not standing still and are constantly creating new technologies and components.


On the materials of the sites:
http://ruselectronics.ru/
http://fasi.gov.ru/
http://pulsarnpp.ru/
http://www.argumenti.ru/
http://minpromtorg.gov.ru/
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  1. _arbit
    +1
    7 June 2012 10: 15
    It’s a pity that they sold Babayan ...

    PS: the tin seemed at first that the Chinese flag was highlighted, I thought all the PPC sold the DV to them already O.o
    1. Aleksey67
      +5
      7 June 2012 10: 26
      The whole article, especially the last part, is the anticipation of the "development" of funds allocated by the state and the "division" of upcoming profits winked
      1. 755962
        0
        7 June 2012 11: 10
        a critical situation in the field of electronics was formed in the days of the USSR. But if in the 80-90s of the last century the technological lag in microelectronics was one generation (on average five years), then in the first half of the 90s we lagged behind several generations (up to 15 years). As a result, the total introduction of foreign electronic components in all areas of industry, both military and civilian, began. Back in 1990, weapons, military and special equipment (VVST), as well as civilian products, were 100% equipped with domestic electronic components. The volume of serial deliveries of the entire range of electronic components (over 20 thousand items) amounted to about 104 billion rubles. in comparable prices. The largest volumes of electronic components in the military field were required by avionics, air defense and communications equipment, and in the civilian area, television sets and radios.
        Today, 65% of imported electronic components are used in the production of military and special products. The situation is even worse with microelectronics products for WWE - imported microcircuits make up 90%. The elemental base of domestic production is significantly outdated and technically behind the world level.http://www.electronics.ru/journal/article/807
        1. +2
          7 June 2012 15: 45
          755962 (1)
          a critical situation in the field of electronics was formed in the days of the USSR

          Dear colleague 755962 (1), do not confuse consumer electronics during the Soviet era and military-industrial.
          In the first category there was a lag, but in the second, not only was there no lag before the notorious perestroika, but there were some things ahead.
          1. smprofi
            +3
            7 June 2012 16: 43
            Gamdlislyam, well, you're not entirely right. if we take the element base, then the nomenclature with acceptance "5" ("army") has always been less than "household goods".
            another thing is that the developers of circuitry in the Union were a cut above, or even more, higher than the same ones. and the same programmers, too.
          2. ecdy
            +1
            8 June 2012 16: 09
            No, the colleague is just right. Explain to me a simple thing, in 80-90 years
            in consumer electronics there were no elementary processors for control
            of the same tape drive, they had to be made from discrete digital
            microcircuits that were very hot and gave frequent failures, let’s not be far
            walk, elementary transistors such as KT 819-818 last shit .. but, the scatter
            parameters simply catastrophic, noise level, etc. If you can’t
            to make such basic things, then where will they appear in the military field
            suddenly an elementary base, which, as you say, at a level, or even
            superior in some places in terms of parameters? This is pure propaganda and a fairy tale,
            to calm myself. Show me at least one mobile phone manufactured in Russia, which can connect to the Internet via WI-FI or
            via a cellular network, having an integrated navigation system or 3D LED
            TV size 1m39cm screen? So don’t need people noodles on
            hang your ears!
  2. +5
    7 June 2012 10: 16
    God help you. The industry is strategic. It’s just necessary to develop
    1. +1
      8 June 2012 02: 49
      RFNC-VNIIEF has completed the development of a supercomputer




      RFNC-VNIIEF specialists have completed the development of a compact supercomputer with a 5 teraflop performance, said Andrey Grebennikov, Deputy Head of the Department of the Institute of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics of RFNC-VNIIEF, on June 6 during the ATOMEXPO 2012 forum. According to him, the supercomputer has already been handed over to the state commission. The project is being implemented by the nuclear center as part of the state program for the development of supercomputers and grid technologies. To date, VNIIEF has already delivered 57 teraflop-class supercomputers to customers, which, as A. Grebennikova noted, is 35% of the needs of Russian enterprises.

      The increased demand for compact supercomputers is explained by the fact that most of the computer simulation research carried out by Russian companies does not require "the power of tens of thousands of processors." The representative of RFNC-VNIIEF also noted that the specialists of the nuclear center managed to increase the productivity of compact hardware and software systems from 2010 to 2012 teraflops in two years (in the period from 1 to 5). It is planned that in 2012 financing of the program for the development of supercomputers and grid technologies will increase by 40% against the level of 2010, when 1,1 billion rubles were allocated from the federal budget for the development of this project to ROSATOM.

      http://sdelanounas.ru/i/a/x/aXJrdXRzay4xZ3MucnUvaW1nL2lya19iXzQwOTkuanBnP19faWQ9
      MTgzMTI = .jpg
      1. ecdy
        -2
        8 June 2012 16: 13
        It would be interesting to know where the processor is made for this supercomputer.
        1. ytqnhfk
          +3
          8 June 2012 21: 45
          in RUSSIA, we already produce 90 meter processors, and in development, 45 meter well with the nano prefix, of course
  3. +2
    7 June 2012 10: 24
    The most painful topic, since the days of the USSR, the electronic industry goes to Cinderella.
    1. 0
      7 June 2012 15: 49
      The times in the USSR were beating when the electronic industry lagged behind the West, but it never was Cinderella. Well, perhaps in the field of consumer electronics.
    2. chukapabra
      0
      7 June 2012 17: 47
      Quote: Farvil
      The most painful topic, since the days of the USSR, the electronic industry goes to Cinderella

      More agriculture
      1. Igor
        0
        7 June 2012 18: 04
        Quote: chukapabra
        More agriculture


        Well, it was only during perestroika that became a sore subject.
  4. +3
    7 June 2012 10: 31
    Why shouldn’t the government do without tax zone, let’s say, skolkovo for all companies that will place their microelectronics production here.
    Those who deploy production will train and hire our compatriots, then for these workers will receive, say, bonuses in the amount of 50% of the salary of the employee.
    But we will deploy in parallel our same production. for internal use. And over time, these workers will move into our production.
    And if we say we will sell what we have done according to their technology, then we pay% of sales to them, and we can use all the technologies in order to increase our production forces without restriction.
    I think propose the same AMD, which began to lose its position in the fight against intel, then they would agree.
    1. lotus04
      +1
      7 June 2012 10: 50
      Quote: arutun
      I think propose the same AMD which began to lose its position in the fight against intel


      Justify please.
    2. volodj
      0
      7 June 2012 11: 37
      As for AMD, it is unlikely that we have the cost of salaries, kickbacks and other bargains, significantly higher than in China
      1. +1
        7 June 2012 12: 05
        but it’s much easier to find frames.
        and AMD representatives are constantly hanging out on the Micron.
    3. 0
      7 June 2012 12: 08
      Why shouldn’t the government do without tax zone, let’s say, skolkovo for all companies that will place their microelectronics production here.
      So there is already a good tax climate
      Those who deploy production will train and hire our compatriots, then for these workers will receive, say, bonuses in the amount of 50% of the salary of the employee.
      And who will be recruited by Tajiks chtol or guests from SevKav
      But we will deploy in parallel our same production. for internal use. And over time, these workers will move into our production.
      And it is so in our territory. And where to get technological equipment for example for lithography?
      1. +2
        7 June 2012 15: 57
        Dear arutun colleague, Skolkovo is not created for the production of microelectronics, but for the development of high technologies in microelectronics based on scientific developments that still exist in Russia. But already these technologies will be further introduced into industrial production.
  5. +5
    7 June 2012 10: 48
    Without the electronic component of the Russian aircraft kirdyk.
  6. +1
    7 June 2012 10: 55
    in Soviet times it was a problem, but now all the more so we are obliged to catch up
  7. +3
    7 June 2012 11: 08
    As a result of all these actions, by the middle of the 70, the Soviet Union had caught up with the United States in a number of product categories. Until the end of the next decade, Soviet electronics was stably in first place in the world.

    Controversial statement. The USSR has always lagged behind the West in this area. There were single breakthroughs not affecting the overall situation.

    At present, Russia has only one way out: to attract Western companies, to exempt them from taxes, to allow them to leave their leaders for at least 10 years. That is what China did.
    1. Alexey Prikazchikov
      -2
      7 June 2012 11: 13
      I agree, almost by concept.
    2. +3
      7 June 2012 12: 04
      So do so.
      He was talking with a comrade now at my former university, he is teaching solid-state microelectronics.
      Says now the total lag behind world leaders 7-8 years no more. For a number of items 3-4 years.
    3. Insurgent
      0
      7 June 2012 20: 03
      Yeah, that counterfeit boards from China ended up in the military equipment of the United States. Such a competition in electronics is found by all the leading companies, Philips shmilips, everyone orders components in Taiwan
    4. Eugene
      +2
      8 June 2012 14: 42
      Well, in general, the first computer in the world to overcome 1000000 operations / s was made in the USSR.
      1. ecdy
        -1
        8 June 2012 16: 15
        This computer probably occupied an area with a football field
        1. Eugene
          +1
          8 June 2012 16: 57
          As well as its analogues then abroad.
      2. chukapabra
        0
        9 June 2012 20: 01
        Quote: Eugene
        Well, in general, the first computer in the world to overcome 1000000 operations / s was made in the USSR.

        Sure, well?
        Once Rome was strong with the most advanced technology, and before it Macedonia, and before that Greece and Persia. England was an empire and Holland, and where is all this?
        Live in the present, think about the future and do not rest on our laurels. Only then can you save and increase
  8. Igor
    -1
    7 June 2012 11: 21
    In all air defense systems, foreign components are used, like this.
  9. +2
    7 June 2012 11: 22
    Article minus Soviet electronics was at the world level and do not forget, supercomputers could make the USSR, USA, and Japan the elementary base did not lag far, and there was something to do, and the USSR made a small nuance of a video recorder, and America didn’t, but lagged behind, but now they were catching up with nichrome and acre theft no movement.
    1. 0
      7 June 2012 11: 58
      I cry right now.
      The USSR would gladly buy a factory for the production of tape recorders than to produce this coffin-like "Electronics VM12" seamlessly drawn from Panasonic.
      1. +2
        7 June 2012 12: 23
        But now everything is there except Vega electronics, Rubin Record and Russian electronics, and a little more, and Russian military-industrial complex and no longer need to cry.
        1. -2
          7 June 2012 12: 31
          crying helps.
          but nothing that this market is growing by 10-15% every year
          1. +2
            7 June 2012 12: 34
            Market and industry are slightly different things.
            1. 0
              7 June 2012 12: 37
              Yeah, only here they are interconnected.
              For example, the same calf makes blanks for RAM, sends them to China, where they are finished, and packaging is done in Korea.
              Globalization.
              For example, circuitry is done in our country and harmful production in China.
    2. Tirpitz
      +1
      7 June 2012 12: 30
      Do not talk nonsense, dear. Especially when you compare the civilian sector.
      1. +1
        7 June 2012 12: 36
        If you are interested, see the export of TVs and picture tubes from the USSR
        1. +1
          7 June 2012 12: 45
          http://www.ruselectronics.ru/enterprises/ это список впредприятий их ростехнологий
          If you are interested, see the export of TVs and picture tubes from the USSR
          but you don’t tell me about electro-vacuum devices okay. Like my specialty. The USSR lagged behind world industry by 20–25 years at best.
          1. 0
            7 June 2012 13: 27
            And now how much?
            1. -1
              7 June 2012 13: 53
              in EV there is no lag.
              If you take TM then 5 years.
              1. +1
                7 June 2012 14: 37
                Okay, trust the specialist, although judging by the store it doesn’t exist at all
                1. +1
                  7 June 2012 14: 41
                  And you look back at many of the techniques already written made in Russia.
                  Just recently received a batch of monitors Samsung assembly Kaliningrad.
                  And I'm sure inside there is definitely part of our electronics.
                  1. ecdy
                    +1
                    8 June 2012 16: 22
                    Inside you will find only Made in China
                2. Arc76
                  +3
                  7 June 2012 18: 57
                  In 1988, at the Navy training ground for measuring the sonar noise of submarines, there were 4 computers made in Bulgaria. If you understand the importance of this part, you will understand that this was the best thing that existed in the USSR that year.
              2. ecdy
                0
                8 June 2012 16: 21
                If you take the electronics, then Russia is in a very deep LJZHZHZH .... ne !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                And do not build illusions!
    3. ecdy
      0
      8 June 2012 16: 19
      I well remember the times of 1989-90, where I had to work at DVK-2 at the Institute of Nuclear Physics,
      while foreign computers didn’t make any comparisons.
      They looked like from the future, including color monitors,
      and DCK it was not even the day before yesterday, but the middle age!
  10. Zloydog
    +2
    7 June 2012 11: 31
    In addition to the above, in Russia there are many smaller manufacturers of electronics, but not electronic components, in the world in general the production of electronic components is quite local, I think I will not lie if I say that 90 percent is China. Even Fujitsu components have no production facilities in Japan. Another thing is that the finished products and boards of the Chinese assembly are electronic market bets, they charge only at the price. And to reduce taxes to them is a dead issue, they are cheating at full height anyway, especially when importing components.
    1. +1
      7 June 2012 12: 01
      Now it’s a pity on a business trip but talking with our circuit designers on this topic received such an answer.
      If you need a lot of cheap components this is to China.
      If a little and good but expensive Europe and Russia.
      1. +3
        7 June 2012 15: 31
        Soviet (Russian) circuitry is now at the forefront. And our schemes have always been carefully studied by both the Japanese and the Americans. It is it that ensures the operability of the final device with a very large scatter of the initial parameters of the components. In short, in most cases, it is enough to replace, say, a pnp transistor with any of the same pnp, suitable for frequency characteristics and supply voltage. And the circuit will work!
        1. ecdy
          0
          8 June 2012 16: 25
          According to the circuitry, it may be unlikely, but that circuitry without
          good elementary base? Many Russian designers develop sound amplifier circuits and do not risk repeating them on domestic parts,
          because all the advantages of circuit design will be reduced to 0!
    2. +3
      7 June 2012 13: 17
      There are world-class manufacturers of electronic components in Russia. I know, because my company buys them. For example, oscillators and circulators.
  11. +2
    7 June 2012 11: 34
    In total, it is planned to spend more than 100 billion rubles on the rise of domestic electronics, about a third of which have already been allocated .....

    It is not just small, it is negligible.
    1. chukapabra
      +1
      7 June 2012 18: 00
      Quote: crossbow
      It is not just small, it is negligible.

      This is not enough. To absorb huge amounts is not realistic. You need to start with the construction of the plant (but will Western companies (of which there are a few (leading)) agree to build plants without tax benefits? Everyone makes money, but no one will build for beautiful eyes, only the existing industrial modern base can be counted on. They themselves will not be able to develop in Russia (not according to knowledge, half the time) again everything will run away for decades.
      Intel did not invest money earned in Israel in other countries. The corporation received 1.4 billion shekels from the government for the construction of a plant in Kiryat Gat, in accordance with the law on the promotion of foreign investment.

      http://nnm.ru/blogs/endeavourX/processory-obetovannye-ili-chto-delaet-intel-v-iz
      raile / page3 /
  12. +1
    7 June 2012 12: 01
    Two leading electronic enterprises - Zelenograd "Mikron" and "Angstrom" - are still alive, although they were privately owned. We should pay tribute to the new owners of the enterprises: not succumbing to the “fashion” of recent years, they did not begin to lease production facilities for trade, etc., but continued to manufacture electronics.
    Mikron classmates work they like everything. Now there is no problem buying equipment, unlike the USSR.

    Now it’s a pity on a business trip but talking with our circuit designers on this topic received such an answer.
    If you need a lot of cheap components this is to China.
    If a little and good but expensive Europe and Russia.

  13. Sleptsoff
    +1
    7 June 2012 12: 02
    It’s too late to develop something, and to be honest, we have never been particularly strong in civilian electronics. To stand on a par with the United States, Japan and Germany is too ambitious and naive. There is only one way, to look for some niche of our own, where we are still more or less at the level and develop it, for example, they say that we have good supercapacitors.
    1. +2
      7 June 2012 16: 06
      We have a good one, the so-called. "power microelectronics" - controllers of various kinds of high-current devices, power drives, steering gears, etc.
  14. GHG
    GHG
    +1
    7 June 2012 13: 30
    Few people know that in the 70s from the USA our intelligence exported documentation for the intel 8080 from which the first Soviet microcontroller of the KR580 series originated
    1. +1
      7 June 2012 13: 55
      No, ours made a functional copy (at least - that's what the Americans think)
  15. +2
    7 June 2012 14: 01
    but it’s also not worth going along the western route in this area, since how they shove microcircuits where they need to and do not need Russian operators cause persistent heartburn, why tie up the work of a tractor or a fishing vessel, which work where the hell, without service and maintenance bases, to computers that respond inappropriately to everything, down to frost or moisture. There is one plus - their service people do not miss all the ports where ours repair their import ships, service people scurry with tricky laptops and software that they don’t sell to us, and cut a good gesheft. They also have a bad habit - to discontinue the generation of electronic assemblies, and to sell them from warehouses at antique prices for repairs
    1. +2
      7 June 2012 14: 11
      Russian operators cause persistent heartburn, why tie the work of a tractor or a fishing vessel, which work a hell where, without service and maintenance bases, to computers that inadequately respond to everything, even frost or moisture
      oh and how does poor microelectronics work in space?
      Don't you know the standards?
      Turn to Comrade Professor, he will explain everything to you
  16. 0
    7 June 2012 14: 31
    Don't you know the standards?
    about standards, tell an electro-mechanic on a ship in the Bering Sea, which has a manual in Polish and the entire reinstallation on a computer, and a proprietary flash drive from spare parts that cannot be read by a card reader. I won’t say about space, I haven’t been there, but the systems are not there for 20 years, there is a stable voltage, and there are no sailors with hoses
    1. 0
      7 June 2012 14: 45
      Well then it means you neb.li because you did not provide the manual and you did not pass the certification. Was scheduled maintenance scheduled on time?
      1. 0
        7 June 2012 16: 15
        Dear, by the age of 20 years on the ship during repairs, replacements, installation of new equipment, such vinaigrette, Taiwan, Japan, Poland, Denmark, Germany are often recruited, often second-hand, more often Koreans or Chinese put what English thread, but purchased from a decommissioned vessel , for such cases, the abundance of electronics is a huge minus, it does not greatly improve operational reliability, it is still controlled by a person, but the cost of zip to them is prohibitive, it helps if there is always time and desire to get around it. And about planned maintenance, I say, it is carried out, but by the same Koreans, only in branded overalls and with empty eyes
        1. +1
          7 June 2012 16: 57
          III in this is the fault of the owners of NK. To electronics, what questions?
          Can we go to the sailing fleet right away?
          Ali the word automation does not tell you anything.
          1. 0
            8 June 2012 02: 52
            it could and would be good, linked to a single system with each other, but not in this case. Yes, and you can argue about the new system, I had the pleasure of reading the correspondence of the Polish luminary with Reksroth, the manufacturer of the electronic-hydraulic components, it is not surprising that they put these steamers almost new and waited a long time for there to be a Russian one to buy
  17. Pablomc
    +4
    7 June 2012 16: 20
    Let's not be hysterical.

    Microelectronics is a very resource-intensive industry.
    And its formation takes decades and is a fundamental process, both scientific and economic.

    There is a time for everything, and the state now really does not interfere with this business and supports it!

    There is a time for everything .... we will gradually catch up.
    1. Ilyich
      0
      7 June 2012 17: 16
      Quote: PabloMC
      And its formation takes decades and is a fundamental process, both scientific and economic.

      There is a time for everything, and the state now really does not interfere with this business and supports it!

      There is a time for everything .... we will gradually catch up.

      I think it makes no sense in this case to catch up with the leaving tram for the following reasons:
      1. world market conditions.
      The field of microelectronics is developing too fast, it is necessary to catch up with a very good pace, and in this case it means development costs comparable to the military-industrial complex. In addition, in terms of price, China very tight seized the leadership and move it from there is almost impossible (at the moment)

      2. Development trends.
      The last fundamental (well, more or less) discovery in this area occurred about 40 years ago when VLSI was invented - an extra-large integrated circuit. All that happened afterwards is nothing more than a miniaturization of technologies and the development of ways to use them. Currently, technology has approached the molecular level, at which the very concept of electric current disappears, which makes a further increase in functionality unrealistic.

      3. Current products have serious flaws, in particular - they are incredibly fragile. Almost everything crashes them: electromagnetic effects, environmental influences (try splashing ordinary water on a regular keyboard. I'm not talking about processors), mechanical damage instantly puts the device out of order (for a long time, a movie disc was not read? wink ) Yes, and just over time, performance starts to fall by itself (remember your old computers: it seems the equipment is still the same, the programs are all the same, and the computer works the farther - the slower).
      In other words - personally, I see no reason to accelerate on a dead end. I think that investing in alternative technologies will be more effective. For example, technologies based on light or biological systems can be developed. Moreover, there are certain achievements in this area. It will be much cheaper and the country will get access to a new trend first.
      1. +2
        7 June 2012 17: 20
        In addition, in terms of price, China has very tightly seized the leadership and to move it from there is almost impossible (at the moment)
        Is China a Leader in Microelectronics? Why do you think so.
        In other words - personally, I see no reason to accelerate on a dead end.
        And what about current needs?
        1. Ilyich
          0
          7 June 2012 18: 00
          Quote: leon-iv
          Is China a Leader in Microelectronics? Why do you think so.

          I am talking about the price of goods. price of manufactured chips. Even the states buy components for their military technology from the Chinese, because they are cheaper than anywhere else.

          Quote: leon-iv
          And what about current needs?

          and the current needs may well be met by China. At the same level as now. I'm not talking about giving up my electronics altogether. I am only talking about the fact that "catch up and overtake" (and we are going to overtake, right? Otherwise, what's the point in catching up?) is not quite a correct slogan. It's enough just to keep up. Accordingly, more serious components should be made on their own, and less serious (all sorts of auxiliary microcircuits) - in China. As it is now. In the meantime, to develop an alternative technology, devoid of the shortcomings of modern and more promising than now.
          1. 0
            7 June 2012 21: 37
            I am talking about the price of goods.
            and where does the production and development?
            And engineering support?
            If the whole world buys in China, this does not mean that everything is being developed there.
      2. Passing
        0
        7 June 2012 19: 51
        Quote: Ilyich
        Currently, technology is close to the molecular level.

        Let’s also cut and saw to the molecular level, for example, a 0,38nm silicon lattice pitch, and modern technologies are only just approaching 25nm. There is, there is room to reduce, and in addition, there is a huge reserve - a radical increase in the number of print layers. So, for the next 30-100 years, this technology will be relevant.
        Quote: Ilyich
        Current products have serious flaws, in particular - they are incredibly fragile. Almost all of them fail

        Well, if you compare with a crowbar, then yes, fragile. But after the plane crashed, the only functioning device is the black box solid state drives. It is not silicon wafers themselves that are "fragile", but the specific design of the device.
        Quote: Ilyich
        and it’s just that over time, performance starts to fall by itself (remember your old computers: it seems the equipment is still the same, the programs are all the same, and the computer works the farther - the slower).

        Electronics has nothing to do with degradation, rearrange Windu and you will be happy.wink
        Freezes, spontaneous reboots and "blue screens" are really signs of impending degradation.
        Quote: Ilyich
        In other words - personally, I see no reason to accelerate on a dead end. I think that investing in alternative technologies will be more effective. For example, technologies based on light or biological systems can be developed. Moreover, there are certain achievements in this area. It will be much cheaper and the country will get access to a new trend first.

        And who will guarantee that having spent hundreds of billions of dollars and decades, we will get a real competitive product? We will develop bio / optical processors, but it turns out that it was necessary to develop some quark-gluon processors ?!
        And in general, if we are not able now to repeat the well-known achievements of silicon electronics, then how in such a miraculous way can we jump over the stage? It doesn’t happen, it's a projection.
        1. chukapabra
          0
          7 June 2012 20: 18
          Quote: Passing by
          for example, a 0,38nm silicon lattice pitch, and modern technologies are only just approaching 25nm


          And here are the first Ivy Bridge crystals made 22nm technology was born on Fab 28, located in Kiryat Gat. The fact that everything will be just like that, I knew a year and a half ago, when they took me inside the plant and showed how the equipment is being installed.

          http://nnm.ru/blogs/endeavourX/processory-obetovannye-ili-chto-delaet-intel-v-iz

          raile / page3 /
          We already produce 22nm laughing
          1. Ilyich
            0
            8 June 2012 16: 06
            Quote: chukapabra
            We already produce 22nm

            You, where is it? In Germany?
            1. chukapabra
              -1
              9 June 2012 19: 54
              Quote: Ilyich
              Quote: chukapabra
              We already produce 22nm
              You, where is it? In Germany?

              We have it in Israel
        2. Ilyich
          0
          8 June 2012 16: 03
          Quote: Passing by
          Put to the molecular level yet to cut and saw

          Unprincipled. What is the difference, how much is the structure of the microcircuit than the crystal lattice: one and a half times or two? it's about what's next crucially (in order to achieve a significant increase in productivity) it is impossible to reduce the structure of the silicon crystal. Not from a good life, manufacturers began to produce multi-core processors, right? If they had the possibility of further miniaturization, they would have followed this path.
          Quote: Passing by
          Well, if you compare with a crowbar, then yes, fragile. But after the plane crashed, the only functioning device is the black box solid state drives. It is not silicon wafers themselves that are "fragile", but the specific design of the device.

          I do not agree. It is silicon wafers in and of themselves that are fragile. And the rest of the technology elements are not far away. Take even the disks. Yes, take any electronics. The given example is incorrect. Remember what dimensions the flight recorder has. Everything in it is aimed at preserving the medium. If we protect all electronic devices in a row with the same methods, we will return to the size of computers of the 60s. Those. with the room. Meaning then in microelectronics? It’s easier then to solder with individual transistors.
          Quote: Passing by
          Electronics have nothing to do with degradation, rearrange Windu and you will be happy. Wink

          lol Think you're the only one so smart? I say: the same versions of programs, the same equipment. Now it’s more difficult to notice, because the programs themselves connect to the Internet and pull out everything they need. But when the Internet was not (well, let's say from 1995 to 2000) we tried to experiment. Dogs brake winked
          Quote: Passing by
          Freezes, spontaneous reboots and "blue screens" are really signs of impending degradation.

          But in this case - it is really easier to rearrange Windows. Although it often happens that this is due to equipment, here you are right.
          Quote: Passing by
          And who will guarantee that having spent hundreds of billions of dollars and decades, we will get a real competitive product?

          Man, well, what, nafik, guarantees? What are you speaking about? this is not the case when there are any guarantees. Do you think that the Americans, developing nuclear weapons, had any guarantees? wink No. did not have.
          I recommend reading about this by Vsevolod Ovchinnikov. "Hot ash". Still 70s book, but surprisingly impartial. Not an ounce of the party's leading role, only the bare facts in a journalistic presentation. And it is very easy to read. I read it back in grade 8. no, honestly, you will not regret your time. good
          So ... what am I talking about ... You just do not need to put all your eggs in one basket. It is necessary to work with various promising technologies. One will not burn out - the other will burn out.
          There is one more argument: pay attention to what exactly fundamental discoveries are much cheaper for moneythan applied. For example, the development of the theory of relativity by Einstein was made almost on personal enthusiasm, but the development of nuclear weapons based on it attracted billions of dollars. And this is not an isolated case. the same can be said about the theory of jet propulsion and rockets, etc.
          You just need to "feed the brains". And they still exist in the country.
          There is one more thing. These technologies will be developed anyway. Just someone else. But then - you really have to catch up. As for the fact that "it turns out that it was necessary to develop something that was not what we did", then I will tell you this: n.e.kh.r.n chasing fashion. Gotta be her the legislator.
          Quote: Passing by
          And in general, if we are not able now to repeat the well-known achievements of silicon electronics, then how in such a miraculous way can we jump over the stage? It doesn’t happen, it's a projection.

          I completely agree with the statement. But I didn’t mean it that much. No need to jump the steps. You need to go a different way. If we draw an analogy with a tram that is heading for a dead end (current technology), then we don’t need to try to run ahead of it and try to break through the wall with our forehead. It’s easier to go to the next street and take another tram, you know?
    2. -1
      5 November 2023 02: 12
      Hello incurable optimists from 2023.
  18. 0
    7 June 2012 17: 33
    Forward, only forward! Give breakthrough technology!
  19. Van
    0
    7 June 2012 19: 30
    Give 3D Replication and Nanotechnology ...
  20. +1
    7 June 2012 19: 33
    "For example, Minsk Integral, the leading Soviet microcircuit factory, remained in independent Belarus." I read and cried. He is now a leader in the production of stickers. It's a shame to tears. The salary is a penny, the products are bullshit. But they take it to the enterprises - there is such a decree, if it is done from us - then it is taken only from us, and no one cares about whether or not. Recently he was laughing from a domestic laptop - made in Belarus - but produced by narrow-eyed. : (((
  21. mind1954
    +1
    8 June 2012 02: 16
    The critical situation in the field of electronics in the USSR has not formed,
    And FORMED IT !!! Another academician Alexandrov at the congress of the CPSU
    from the USSR Academy of Sciences convinced everyone that it’s good that we lag behind the west in
    Electronics - it's cheaper and less hassle !!!
    I can only quote Chertok's words that he said shortly
    before his death: "What kind of development of cosmonautics can we talk about,
    if we destroyed the entire electronics industry. "
    In the late 50s, we destroyed agriculture,
    after 1964, they began to destroy industry,
    and after 1967 they began to prepare the restoration of capitalism in the USSR!
    And stop fooling around and fooling around dupaka !!!
    1. 0
      9 June 2012 00: 54
      It is remarkably said that they smashed domestic electronics like Roman vandals. And how they worked under such blows.
  22. 0
    10 June 2012 22: 29
    we have our own way of developing electronics
    (especially interesting "prots" without active cooling)
  23. Dr.oPaSaYn
    0
    13 June 2012 13: 12
    you know it reminds the appearance of Pak fa (t-50) when our '' '' '' 'PATRIOTS' '' ''
    '' '' they allowed the moment 1.44 ... very few people were expecting something like this from our Aviation industry soon ... And the electronics are walking in such steps that many have never dreamed of it is not necessary to go in order in the technical process (90 45 32 22 ) you can easily jump from 90 to 32 because the process technology is just reducing the size of transistors ...
  24. Pouptlopmup
    0
    16 July 2012 19: 32
    We will collect for you on the Internet database
    potential customers for your business
    (name, phone, fax, e-mail, names, addresses, occupation,
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  25. 0
    29 March 2015 13: 06
    The task is super-heavy. The lag is obvious and the Americans are not asleep.

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