The fate of domestic electronics
The beginning of the dawn of domestic electronics is often associated with the formation of the Ministry of Electronic Industry in 1965. One of the authors of the idea of transforming the State Committee for Electronic Technology into the Ministry was A. Shokin, who became the first head of the new department. In the course of the transformation of the Soviet electronics industry in the early 60-s several enterprises of special importance were founded. As a result of all these actions, by the middle of 70's, the Soviet Union caught up with the USA in a number of product categories. Until the end of the next decade, Soviet electronics consistently ranked first in the world. It should be noted that the Soviet electronic industry provided not only the defense sector, but also the civilian.
By the end of the USSR, domestic electronics slowly but surely began to decline. In a number of important areas there was a lag in a couple of years. As it turned out, it was not the worst time. The abolition of the Ministry of Electronic Industry, held in 1991, as well as a sharp reduction in the financing of the industry, eventually led to the fact that over a decade the gap for a couple of generations increased 8-10 times. Until a certain time, the economic opportunities of the country did not allow to pay due attention to the development of electronics. The federal target program “Development of Electronic Component Base and Radio Electronics” for 2008-2015 was adopted only in the 2007 year. It cannot be said that this was a timely decision - the need for something like this was at least ten years before the adoption of the FTP. In total, more than 100 billion rubles are planned to be spent on the rise of domestic electronics, about a third of which have already been allocated.
Only the development of industry is similar to sport: the form is recruited long and difficult, and for its loss less time is needed incomparably. In addition, the collapse of the Soviet Union did not have the best effect on relations between enterprises. For example, the Minsk "Integral" - the leading Soviet plant for the production of microcircuits - remained in an independent Belarus. Similar things happened with Riga Alpha, Kharkov Radio Plant and Tashkent Photon. The loss of a single enterprise in itself could not significantly worsen the life of the entire industry, but several well-established factories and institutions, coupled with a lack of finance for restoring lost opportunities, did its dirty work. With regard to military needs, then ultimately, all this led to the current situation when de jure prohibited use of imported components is observed quite often. At the same time, a considerable part of imports comes precisely from the former Soviet republics. But this is not the case and you need to develop your own production.
Since 2009, the Russian Electronics holding company, owned by Russian Technologies, has been doing this. By analogy with UAC and USC, “Roselectronika” unites 73 scientific organizations and manufacturing enterprises. Gathering all the enterprises under a single start was not easy. We can recall the scandal with the NPP "Pulsar". About a year ago, the management of this enterprise stated that “Roselectronica” required from “Pulsar” impossible things bordering on the destruction of the entire production. It came to an appeal to President D. Medvedev, but in the end the parties reached a compromise and the more controversial topic did not appear. Another noteworthy story associated with the ex-Soviet "Silicon Valley". Two leading electronic enterprises - Zelenograd "Micron" and "Angstrom" - are still alive, although they were privately owned. It would be necessary to pay tribute to the new owners of the enterprises: not yielding to the "fashion" of recent years, they did not rent production premises for trade, etc., but continued to produce electronics. We are not aware of the reasons for these initiatives, but they are undoubtedly commendable. Thanks to them, the leading enterprises of the industry not only survived, but were able to develop at a very difficult time. Naturally, a significant lag behind foreign competitors remained, but it could be much larger.
The state promised one hundred billion to develop the industry is a very good means of achieving the goal. By restoring production, we will be able to transfer it to almost complete self-sufficiency. According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, in 2011, the Russian market of electronic components reached a record 55 billion rubles in recent years. It is worth making an important caveat: this figure refers specifically to the purchases of the element base and does not include the delivery of finished equipment. The country produces many electronic devices and the distribution of the market is as follows:
- about 13 billions of the above 55-ti spend on the purchase of enterprises engaged in the communications industry;
- 10,4 billion for electronics puts out other civilian industry;
- 10 billion rubles last year spent defense enterprises;
- About 3 billion was spent on electronic components from the automotive industry and from manufacturers of medical equipment.
Of course, two and a half thousand Russian enterprises engaged in the production of electronics, so far even together can not compete with the leaders of the world market. For example, for the 2011 year, the notorious Intel company has traded its electronic components for 54 billion dollars. The difference in sales is huge. But all the same, it turns out that the development of the national element base will entail huge profits by today's standards. For this, first of all, it is necessary to update the production equipment and master new technological processes for our country. Then, by the year specified in the Federal 2015 program, the existing gap on 12-15 years will be reduced several times and the next similar FTP will again bring our country into the industry leaders. Only in the best case it will be in eight or ten years, because competitors are also not standing still and are constantly creating new technologies and components.
On the materials of the sites:
http://ruselectronics.ru/
http://fasi.gov.ru/
http://pulsarnpp.ru/
http://www.argumenti.ru/
http://minpromtorg.gov.ru/
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