Russian Marines Day
Every year on November 27 in Russia is celebrated the Day of the Marine Corps - the professional holiday of all military personnel, military servicemen, as well as civilian personnel serving or serving in the military units of the Marines of the Russian Armed Forces. History Russian naval infantry is already 313 years old, it was formed by Peter I back in 1705 year. For more than three hundred years of its existence, Russian marines have written many glorious victories in the history of our state. It is not by chance that the motto of the naval infantry of the Russian Navy is “Where we are, there is victory!”
The history of the Russian marines originates in the XVIII century, numbering more than three centuries. The decree on the creation of the first in the Russian Empire "regiment of naval soldiers" was signed then by Tsar Peter the First on November 16 (November 27 in a new style) 1705 of the year. It is this historical date according to the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy No. 253 from 15 in July 1996 of the year that was established as the Day of Marines of Russia. So, despite the rich and long history, Marine Day in our country is a relatively young holiday.
It is symbolic that it was Peter I, who is the founder of the Russian regular fleet, established and regiments of naval soldiers, which laid the foundation for the countdown of the glorious history of Russian marines. The Marines received their baptism of fire in the battles of the Northern War with Sweden, during which for the first time in our country a large landing force was created - a corps totaling about 20 thousand people. Subsequently, the "soldiers of the sea" took part in almost all the battles and wars that Russia had to wage.
Historically, the first military formations that most resembled traditional marines appeared in England in 1664. At that time, the marines were used on ships to conduct rifle fire on the crews of enemy ships, as well as boarding combat and guard duty. Formed in 1705, the Russian marines were baptized in 1706 in the Vyborg gulf when they were captured in the boarding battle of the Swedish bot "Espern", it also distinguished itself in the Gangut battle of the 1714 of the year, which ended in victory for the Russian fleet. In those years, naval landing teams of the Marine Corps were subordinate directly to the commanders of the ships, and the Chief of the Marine Corps Squadron was in charge of their special combat training. After the completion of the next military campaign, the boarding-landing teams joined their battalions, engaged in combat training and carried guard duty in the barracks and base.
At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, due to the change in the methods of warfare of fleets and the nature of wars, the marines in Russia were repeatedly subjected to a process of reorganization. During this period, the marines were considered mainly as a combat branch of service, the main purpose of which was landing operations. Russian Marines took part in the Russian-Turkish war (1768-1774), during the Mediterranean campaign of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov (1798-1800) during the war of Russia as part of the second coalition against France, when as a result of successful landing operations it was possible to free French troops of the Ionian Islands, take the fortress of Corfu from the sea, which was considered impregnable, and liberate the southern and central regions of Italy, take Naples and Rome. Later, the naval guards crew formed in 1810, became the only part of the Russian fleet, which at the same time was a ship crew and an infantry guards battalion, and took part in the 1812 Patriotic War. Participating in land battles, the naval guards crew partially carried out some of the functions of the marines, participating in the guidance of crossings through various water obstacles.
In 1813, units of the marine corps were transferred from the fleet to the army department, after which for almost 100 years there were no large regular marine formations in the Russian fleet. However, the heroic defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855 of the years demonstrated the need for a large number of naval infantry units in the fleet, confirming the importance of creating regular units of marines. During the defense of the city, such connections had to be urgently created on the spot from the crews of the ships submerged in the roadstead.
Despite this, the question of the formation of permanent units of the marines in Russia was again raised only in 1910, and the following year, the Main Marine Headquarters presented its project to create permanent infantry units located in the main bases of the Russian fleet: the infantry regiment of the Baltic Fleet also the Vladivostok battalion and the battalion of the Black Sea Fleet. In August 1914 of the year in Kronstadt three separate battalions were formed, the personnel for them was taken from the 1 of the Baltic naval crew and the Guards naval crew. Permanent units of the Russian marine fleet took part in the battles of the First World War (1914-1918), and also took part in the civil war in Russia, after its completion they were again disbanded.
As a result, as a special branch of the Soviet Navy, the marines were re-formed just before the Great Patriotic War in 1939, when a separate rifle brigade was formed as part of the coastal defense forces of the Baltic Fleet. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the formation of brigades and battalions of marines began in the fleets, flotilla, and naval bases of the country. They were recruited mainly by personnel from ships, various coastal units and cadets of naval educational institutions. Basically, the units of the Marine Corps were intended to conduct combat operations in the coastal directions of the front, to carry out amphibious and anti-airborne operations. In total, during the war years, the 21 brigade and several dozen separate regiments and battalions of marines operated on the Soviet-German front. Marine units fought heroically against the enemy near Moscow and Leningrad, defended Odessa and Sevastopol, the Soviet Arctic, participated in the battles for Stalingrad and other significant battles of the war. A total of 150 thousands of people fought in these units.
Several brigades of marines in the ground forces reached Berlin, and in August 1945, the Soviet marines landed on the Kuril Islands, in the ports of Korea and South Sakhalin, taking part in the war with Japan. In total, during the war years, the marines took part in more than 120 landing operations of the Soviet troops. For their black jackets and incredible courage, the Germans called the marines "black death" and "black devils." Even when all the soldiers and officers of the Red Army were dressed in uniforms, the marines retained their caps and vest. For the heroism shown on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War, dozens of naval infantry formations received the honorary title of the Guard, as well as various honorary titles. Tens of thousands of marines received government orders and medals, more than 150 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
In 1956, once again in history as part of the reorganization of the Armed Forces, units and units of the marines were disbanded. They had to re-create them already in 1963, along with the growth of the tasks that the Soviet Navy had to solve. Parts of the marines were formed on the basis of motorized rifle regiments of the ground forces. The First Guards Marine Regiment, as before, reappeared in the Baltic Fleet. In the same year, 1963, the marine regiment was formed in the Pacific Fleet, in the 1966 year - in the Northern Fleet, and in 1967 - in the Black Sea Fleet.
In the postwar years, units of the marines were involved in special tasks in Egypt, Syria, Angola, Yemen, Guinea, Ethiopia, and Vietnam. In the 1990s, Russian marines from the Baltic, Northern and Pacific fleets took part in hostilities in the territory of the Chechen Republic. For the heroism shown in the battles in the North Caucasus, more than 20 marines were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, over five thousand “black berets” were awarded government orders and medals.
Today, the Russian Marine Corps is a highly mobile branch of the coastal forces of the Navy of the Russian Federation, designed for combat operations as part of naval, air, sea, airborne landings, as well as for the defense of the country's naval bases, islands, important coastal points and naval basing points. Parts of the marine corps land on land from landing boats and ships, or they land on the coast with coastal and ship-based helicopters with fire support from the fleet and sea ships aviation. In some cases, the marines can overcome various water obstacles on their own with the help of floating combat vehicles (in the vast majority of cases on armored personnel carriers). Russian marines are mainly equipped with ammunition, portable anti-aircraft and anti-tank systems, and automatic rifle weapons.
More recently, the main combat arms also appeared in service with the Russian Marine Corps Tanks. Earlier, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to strengthen all marine corps brigades with T-72B3 and T-80BVM tanks. Although these heavy combat vehicles are not capable of sailing, the Russian fleet has the necessary technical means to quickly bring them ashore. As the experience of recent exercises shows, the marines, after landing, do not have enough firepower to "cling to the bridgehead." In addition, tanks are needed for expeditionary operations that would be similar to the Syrian campaign. Experts believe that the introduction of tank battalions into the Marine Corps brigades will significantly increase their firepower and combat stability, as well as expand the possible range of tasks. It is assumed that Russian marines operating in regions of the country with a cold climate (in the Arctic and Kamchatka) will receive gas turbine main battle tanks T-80BVM, and the remaining units - T-72B3.
The process of re-equipping the marines of Russia with new military equipment continues. A significant number of modern armored personnel carriers BTR-82А were received in the marines, surpassing their predecessors BTR-80 in many ways. In addition, the Russian Marines receives new models of weapons, communications and equipment, including the unparalleled floating body armor "Korsar-MP". Also in the marines of the Baltic, Northern, Pacific and Black Sea fleets received new combat equipment "Warrior".
November 27 "Military Review" congratulates all active soldiers and officers, as well as veterans of the Marine Corps of Russia on their professional holiday.
Based on materials from open sources
The history of the Russian marines originates in the XVIII century, numbering more than three centuries. The decree on the creation of the first in the Russian Empire "regiment of naval soldiers" was signed then by Tsar Peter the First on November 16 (November 27 in a new style) 1705 of the year. It is this historical date according to the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy No. 253 from 15 in July 1996 of the year that was established as the Day of Marines of Russia. So, despite the rich and long history, Marine Day in our country is a relatively young holiday.
It is symbolic that it was Peter I, who is the founder of the Russian regular fleet, established and regiments of naval soldiers, which laid the foundation for the countdown of the glorious history of Russian marines. The Marines received their baptism of fire in the battles of the Northern War with Sweden, during which for the first time in our country a large landing force was created - a corps totaling about 20 thousand people. Subsequently, the "soldiers of the sea" took part in almost all the battles and wars that Russia had to wage.
Historically, the first military formations that most resembled traditional marines appeared in England in 1664. At that time, the marines were used on ships to conduct rifle fire on the crews of enemy ships, as well as boarding combat and guard duty. Formed in 1705, the Russian marines were baptized in 1706 in the Vyborg gulf when they were captured in the boarding battle of the Swedish bot "Espern", it also distinguished itself in the Gangut battle of the 1714 of the year, which ended in victory for the Russian fleet. In those years, naval landing teams of the Marine Corps were subordinate directly to the commanders of the ships, and the Chief of the Marine Corps Squadron was in charge of their special combat training. After the completion of the next military campaign, the boarding-landing teams joined their battalions, engaged in combat training and carried guard duty in the barracks and base.
At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, due to the change in the methods of warfare of fleets and the nature of wars, the marines in Russia were repeatedly subjected to a process of reorganization. During this period, the marines were considered mainly as a combat branch of service, the main purpose of which was landing operations. Russian Marines took part in the Russian-Turkish war (1768-1774), during the Mediterranean campaign of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov (1798-1800) during the war of Russia as part of the second coalition against France, when as a result of successful landing operations it was possible to free French troops of the Ionian Islands, take the fortress of Corfu from the sea, which was considered impregnable, and liberate the southern and central regions of Italy, take Naples and Rome. Later, the naval guards crew formed in 1810, became the only part of the Russian fleet, which at the same time was a ship crew and an infantry guards battalion, and took part in the 1812 Patriotic War. Participating in land battles, the naval guards crew partially carried out some of the functions of the marines, participating in the guidance of crossings through various water obstacles.
In 1813, units of the marine corps were transferred from the fleet to the army department, after which for almost 100 years there were no large regular marine formations in the Russian fleet. However, the heroic defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855 of the years demonstrated the need for a large number of naval infantry units in the fleet, confirming the importance of creating regular units of marines. During the defense of the city, such connections had to be urgently created on the spot from the crews of the ships submerged in the roadstead.
Despite this, the question of the formation of permanent units of the marines in Russia was again raised only in 1910, and the following year, the Main Marine Headquarters presented its project to create permanent infantry units located in the main bases of the Russian fleet: the infantry regiment of the Baltic Fleet also the Vladivostok battalion and the battalion of the Black Sea Fleet. In August 1914 of the year in Kronstadt three separate battalions were formed, the personnel for them was taken from the 1 of the Baltic naval crew and the Guards naval crew. Permanent units of the Russian marine fleet took part in the battles of the First World War (1914-1918), and also took part in the civil war in Russia, after its completion they were again disbanded.
As a result, as a special branch of the Soviet Navy, the marines were re-formed just before the Great Patriotic War in 1939, when a separate rifle brigade was formed as part of the coastal defense forces of the Baltic Fleet. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the formation of brigades and battalions of marines began in the fleets, flotilla, and naval bases of the country. They were recruited mainly by personnel from ships, various coastal units and cadets of naval educational institutions. Basically, the units of the Marine Corps were intended to conduct combat operations in the coastal directions of the front, to carry out amphibious and anti-airborne operations. In total, during the war years, the 21 brigade and several dozen separate regiments and battalions of marines operated on the Soviet-German front. Marine units fought heroically against the enemy near Moscow and Leningrad, defended Odessa and Sevastopol, the Soviet Arctic, participated in the battles for Stalingrad and other significant battles of the war. A total of 150 thousands of people fought in these units.
Several brigades of marines in the ground forces reached Berlin, and in August 1945, the Soviet marines landed on the Kuril Islands, in the ports of Korea and South Sakhalin, taking part in the war with Japan. In total, during the war years, the marines took part in more than 120 landing operations of the Soviet troops. For their black jackets and incredible courage, the Germans called the marines "black death" and "black devils." Even when all the soldiers and officers of the Red Army were dressed in uniforms, the marines retained their caps and vest. For the heroism shown on the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War, dozens of naval infantry formations received the honorary title of the Guard, as well as various honorary titles. Tens of thousands of marines received government orders and medals, more than 150 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
In 1956, once again in history as part of the reorganization of the Armed Forces, units and units of the marines were disbanded. They had to re-create them already in 1963, along with the growth of the tasks that the Soviet Navy had to solve. Parts of the marines were formed on the basis of motorized rifle regiments of the ground forces. The First Guards Marine Regiment, as before, reappeared in the Baltic Fleet. In the same year, 1963, the marine regiment was formed in the Pacific Fleet, in the 1966 year - in the Northern Fleet, and in 1967 - in the Black Sea Fleet.
In the postwar years, units of the marines were involved in special tasks in Egypt, Syria, Angola, Yemen, Guinea, Ethiopia, and Vietnam. In the 1990s, Russian marines from the Baltic, Northern and Pacific fleets took part in hostilities in the territory of the Chechen Republic. For the heroism shown in the battles in the North Caucasus, more than 20 marines were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, over five thousand “black berets” were awarded government orders and medals.
Today, the Russian Marine Corps is a highly mobile branch of the coastal forces of the Navy of the Russian Federation, designed for combat operations as part of naval, air, sea, airborne landings, as well as for the defense of the country's naval bases, islands, important coastal points and naval basing points. Parts of the marine corps land on land from landing boats and ships, or they land on the coast with coastal and ship-based helicopters with fire support from the fleet and sea ships aviation. In some cases, the marines can overcome various water obstacles on their own with the help of floating combat vehicles (in the vast majority of cases on armored personnel carriers). Russian marines are mainly equipped with ammunition, portable anti-aircraft and anti-tank systems, and automatic rifle weapons.
More recently, the main combat arms also appeared in service with the Russian Marine Corps Tanks. Earlier, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to strengthen all marine corps brigades with T-72B3 and T-80BVM tanks. Although these heavy combat vehicles are not capable of sailing, the Russian fleet has the necessary technical means to quickly bring them ashore. As the experience of recent exercises shows, the marines, after landing, do not have enough firepower to "cling to the bridgehead." In addition, tanks are needed for expeditionary operations that would be similar to the Syrian campaign. Experts believe that the introduction of tank battalions into the Marine Corps brigades will significantly increase their firepower and combat stability, as well as expand the possible range of tasks. It is assumed that Russian marines operating in regions of the country with a cold climate (in the Arctic and Kamchatka) will receive gas turbine main battle tanks T-80BVM, and the remaining units - T-72B3.
The process of re-equipping the marines of Russia with new military equipment continues. A significant number of modern armored personnel carriers BTR-82А were received in the marines, surpassing their predecessors BTR-80 in many ways. In addition, the Russian Marines receives new models of weapons, communications and equipment, including the unparalleled floating body armor "Korsar-MP". Also in the marines of the Baltic, Northern, Pacific and Black Sea fleets received new combat equipment "Warrior".
November 27 "Military Review" congratulates all active soldiers and officers, as well as veterans of the Marine Corps of Russia on their professional holiday.
Based on materials from open sources
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