Day of the district police officer
November 17 in Russia celebrates the Day of the district police commissioner - the professional holiday of the most "popular" of all police specialties. Perhaps, there is no other profession in the system of internal affairs bodies, which would be so close to ordinary people, directly related to their lifestyle, everyday problems and adversities. Precinct police are the face of the police, although they evoke far from the most unequivocal emotions among citizens. Many people have their claims to the district police officers, but their presence does not diminish the importance and seriousness of this service.
It was 17 on November 1923 of the year that the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR published a special instruction in which the functional duties of district wardens were described in detail. Thus, the service of district police officers in the Soviet militia appeared, from which it takes its history modern Russian service of district police officers. True, it should be noted that, in fact, units for the protection of public order with similar functions existed in the Russian police system before, much earlier than the release of the Soviet instruction itself.
During the reign of John IV, the first street wardens appeared in Russia, and in the 18th century the service was organized on more serious beginnings. So, in 1782, the “Charter of Deanery or the Police Officer” was officially approved and published. This document regulated the organization and performance of police service in the Russian Empire. In each major city, administrative and police units were created that were responsible for 200-700 yards, and the units, in turn, were divided into quarterly plots from 50-100 yards.
In each quarterly precinct served his quarterly guard. In fact, he performed the functions of not only the modern district ombudsman, but also an employee of the juvenile and passport and visa control units. His powers included supervision of public order, registration of residents of the quarter and their guests, observation of the behavior of young people and teenagers, and control of the reverence of servants of their employers and owners. In addition, the duties of the quarterly guard included the fight against domestic conflicts, quarrels, drunkenness, and hooliganism. The service was quite responsible and quite serious demands were made on the quarterly warden, primarily concerning his personal integrity.
The next large-scale reform of the service was carried out in the middle of the XIX century. So, 25 of December 1862 of the year saw the light of a new remarkable departmental document - “Provisional rules on police arrangements in cities and counties of the province”. This document regulated the creation of plots headed by district police officers in major cities of the country, and the plots, in turn, were divided into several neighborhoods with a population of thousands of people in 3-4. A new post was introduced - an officer from the neighborhood.
The competence of the guard of the guard included all the same duties that were previously carried out by the quarterly guard. Only, in contrast to the quarterly overseer, the policeman in charge of the subordinate had already a more significant staff - the policemen, who performed the functions of the modern patrol and inspection service of the police, and the street sweepers, who then were not just employees of the housing and communal services, but police assistants; and those who preserved public order and participated in the surveillance of suspicious persons.
Today, precinct police officers, as a rule, belong to the category of middle commanding officers of the internal affairs agencies - they are lieutenants, captains, and majors. Police officers wore a longitudinal shoulder strap like a modern sergeant or army lieutenant in pre-revolutionary Russia, and in their position were between city police officers and police officers. It cannot be said that the service of the guard near the guard was very prestigious or monetary, but many policemen regularly carried it, fought the best of crime, and helped live good citizens.
The institute of police guards left in the past along with the entire law-enforcement system of the Russian Empire, but already at the beginning of the 1920-s, the Soviet authorities realized the need to restore such a post in the workers' and peasant militia. Only called the post "local warden." In the Soviet Union, district police officers quickly became one of the most important links in the law enforcement system.
In the early years of the Soviet government, very serious personnel problems had to be solved - after all, the old police was disbanded, many of its employees died in the Civil War or were repressed in the first post-revolutionary years, and the new police needed skilled and experienced people. Most often, the police in the first half of 1920-s recruited either yesterday's Red Army soldiers, or Komsomol or party activists, and they had to practice the profession. Then, with the development of the Soviet law enforcement system, specialized educational institutions emerged from which police officers began to graduate, including those appointed to the posts of district police officers.
In the district police inspectors, the district wardens were renamed 1930 year. In 1939, the position was renamed again - to the district police officer, and in 1970 - back to the district police inspector. Such renaming distinguishes both Soviet and Russian law enforcement systems. As in pre-revolutionary Russia, in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, one district police officer (inspector) usually accounts for a specific number of residents, most often 3-3,5, thousands of people. But, of course, this number is “purely theoretical,” in fact, a precinct police officer, and then, and now has to work with a large number of people.
The history of the Soviet militia is in many respects the history of the district police officers, who often sacrificed their lives in order to fight crime and protect ordinary citizens. Perhaps, in each UVD and ATS there were heroes from among the district inspectors who were killed or seriously wounded in the line of duty. To tell about their exploits, the scale of the article is clearly not enough - you need a whole book, or even two.
Quite a few district policemen gave their lives during the Great Patriotic War. In some localities, they were the only representatives of the Soviet government with weapons in the hands at the time of the entry of Hitler's troops. Naturally, they engaged in an unequal battle with the enemy and died. After the war, the district militiamen had to “rake” the consequences of the military chaos that led to a colossal increase in crime, homelessness of children, and various forms of antisocial behavior.
In Soviet times, great attention was paid to the service of the district police officers, since crime prevention was proclaimed one of the main tasks of the Soviet police. Local police inspectors were also responsible for this activity. They were obliged to control the situation in the entrusted area, to know its residents, especially the “problem contingent”. I must say that for the most part the district police inspectors coped with their tasks. Those of us who still found the Soviet time, remember that the police officers served in their posts for a long time and the whole yard really knew them.
Gradually, the requirements for local police inspectors were increased — instead of sergeants and police foremen, the middle commanding staff began to be placed almost exclusively, given preference to either people with a special police education, or graduates of civilian universities who came by party or Komsomol permits or on their own initiative.
The situation began to change after perestroika and the collapse of the USSR. Following the economic reforms, the crisis overtook the law enforcement system. Young people have much more opportunities for self-realization, and very few people wanted to go to a difficult and dangerous police service. The law enforcement agencies have increased their turnover, many employees began to quit literally after a year or two years of service. And, as we know, young police officers were fired, and not those who had already made a career and wanted to make it to retirement.
Since there were many novice police officers at the precinct level, this service was the most affected. Someone was eager to transfer to other, more prestigious divisions - ESD, DAEC, someone just left the service, deciding for himself that working "in the civilian world" is much more advantageous in terms of not only financial, but also free time, disposition of himself .
The fact that the police precinct police officers were turned into “universal soldiers”, with which the leadership usually covers a variety of “holes” in the service, plays its role in the turnover. If you need to ensure security during a rally or sporting event - send precinct. It is necessary to perform the functions of the military enlistment office to search for draftees - again, the district police officers. It is necessary to cover the shortage of patrol officers - again district. As a result, the main activities at the polling stations - administrative practice, prevention of offenses and crimes - are suffering. Do not forget about the huge amount of “paperwork” that modern district police officers are forced to carry out, unsubscribing from endless statements of citizens, inspections from the prosecutor’s office and higher-level inspections.
Surprisingly, the situation has not become better even now. It would seem that a large competition in the educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is not as easy to get into the police as in the same 1990s, the salary has increased significantly. But at the precinct positions is still incomplete. This inevitably affects the criminal situation in Russian society, the prevention of crime and crime, the protection of public order. Many ordinary people complain that they do not know their district police officers at all, and, if necessary, cannot find them. And this is also not surprising. If one precinct serves the area where there should be five employees, what can be expected from his work? And, nevertheless, even now, in such a difficult situation, the district police officers as a whole manage their duties, literally day and night at work. This is the unit whose service you can envy at the very least - communication with problem contingents, raids on hangings and basements, the constant risk of a very different plan - from the attacks of criminals to the banal infection with the same tuberculosis, which many representatives of “district customers” the police.
Especially the labor service of district officers in rural areas, where one settlement may have several localities, the situation in which also needs to be monitored, and help from the regional department can arrive not immediately. The service of district police officers in the North Caucasus is dangerous - we know that they are often the targets of attacks by terrorists, because they personify Russian power and, at the same time, are as close to the people as possible.
Of course, the service of district commissioners needs further development and improvement. This is a national scale task, for the solution of which it will be necessary, first of all, to take several basic steps - to increase funding, reduce staff shortages, make service conditions more human and attractive for young people. All of these problems are closely related to each other, and one results from the other, so that focusing on only one of them will not work. But this is already a question not so much related to the service of the police themselves, but to the general system of organization of state administration in the country.
“Military Review” congratulates all district police inspectors and service veterans on their professional holiday, wishes them successful service and the absence of combat and non-combat losses.
It was 17 on November 1923 of the year that the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR published a special instruction in which the functional duties of district wardens were described in detail. Thus, the service of district police officers in the Soviet militia appeared, from which it takes its history modern Russian service of district police officers. True, it should be noted that, in fact, units for the protection of public order with similar functions existed in the Russian police system before, much earlier than the release of the Soviet instruction itself.
During the reign of John IV, the first street wardens appeared in Russia, and in the 18th century the service was organized on more serious beginnings. So, in 1782, the “Charter of Deanery or the Police Officer” was officially approved and published. This document regulated the organization and performance of police service in the Russian Empire. In each major city, administrative and police units were created that were responsible for 200-700 yards, and the units, in turn, were divided into quarterly plots from 50-100 yards.
In each quarterly precinct served his quarterly guard. In fact, he performed the functions of not only the modern district ombudsman, but also an employee of the juvenile and passport and visa control units. His powers included supervision of public order, registration of residents of the quarter and their guests, observation of the behavior of young people and teenagers, and control of the reverence of servants of their employers and owners. In addition, the duties of the quarterly guard included the fight against domestic conflicts, quarrels, drunkenness, and hooliganism. The service was quite responsible and quite serious demands were made on the quarterly warden, primarily concerning his personal integrity.
The next large-scale reform of the service was carried out in the middle of the XIX century. So, 25 of December 1862 of the year saw the light of a new remarkable departmental document - “Provisional rules on police arrangements in cities and counties of the province”. This document regulated the creation of plots headed by district police officers in major cities of the country, and the plots, in turn, were divided into several neighborhoods with a population of thousands of people in 3-4. A new post was introduced - an officer from the neighborhood.
The competence of the guard of the guard included all the same duties that were previously carried out by the quarterly guard. Only, in contrast to the quarterly overseer, the policeman in charge of the subordinate had already a more significant staff - the policemen, who performed the functions of the modern patrol and inspection service of the police, and the street sweepers, who then were not just employees of the housing and communal services, but police assistants; and those who preserved public order and participated in the surveillance of suspicious persons.
Today, precinct police officers, as a rule, belong to the category of middle commanding officers of the internal affairs agencies - they are lieutenants, captains, and majors. Police officers wore a longitudinal shoulder strap like a modern sergeant or army lieutenant in pre-revolutionary Russia, and in their position were between city police officers and police officers. It cannot be said that the service of the guard near the guard was very prestigious or monetary, but many policemen regularly carried it, fought the best of crime, and helped live good citizens.
The institute of police guards left in the past along with the entire law-enforcement system of the Russian Empire, but already at the beginning of the 1920-s, the Soviet authorities realized the need to restore such a post in the workers' and peasant militia. Only called the post "local warden." In the Soviet Union, district police officers quickly became one of the most important links in the law enforcement system.
In the early years of the Soviet government, very serious personnel problems had to be solved - after all, the old police was disbanded, many of its employees died in the Civil War or were repressed in the first post-revolutionary years, and the new police needed skilled and experienced people. Most often, the police in the first half of 1920-s recruited either yesterday's Red Army soldiers, or Komsomol or party activists, and they had to practice the profession. Then, with the development of the Soviet law enforcement system, specialized educational institutions emerged from which police officers began to graduate, including those appointed to the posts of district police officers.
In the district police inspectors, the district wardens were renamed 1930 year. In 1939, the position was renamed again - to the district police officer, and in 1970 - back to the district police inspector. Such renaming distinguishes both Soviet and Russian law enforcement systems. As in pre-revolutionary Russia, in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, one district police officer (inspector) usually accounts for a specific number of residents, most often 3-3,5, thousands of people. But, of course, this number is “purely theoretical,” in fact, a precinct police officer, and then, and now has to work with a large number of people.
The history of the Soviet militia is in many respects the history of the district police officers, who often sacrificed their lives in order to fight crime and protect ordinary citizens. Perhaps, in each UVD and ATS there were heroes from among the district inspectors who were killed or seriously wounded in the line of duty. To tell about their exploits, the scale of the article is clearly not enough - you need a whole book, or even two.
Quite a few district policemen gave their lives during the Great Patriotic War. In some localities, they were the only representatives of the Soviet government with weapons in the hands at the time of the entry of Hitler's troops. Naturally, they engaged in an unequal battle with the enemy and died. After the war, the district militiamen had to “rake” the consequences of the military chaos that led to a colossal increase in crime, homelessness of children, and various forms of antisocial behavior.
In Soviet times, great attention was paid to the service of the district police officers, since crime prevention was proclaimed one of the main tasks of the Soviet police. Local police inspectors were also responsible for this activity. They were obliged to control the situation in the entrusted area, to know its residents, especially the “problem contingent”. I must say that for the most part the district police inspectors coped with their tasks. Those of us who still found the Soviet time, remember that the police officers served in their posts for a long time and the whole yard really knew them.
Gradually, the requirements for local police inspectors were increased — instead of sergeants and police foremen, the middle commanding staff began to be placed almost exclusively, given preference to either people with a special police education, or graduates of civilian universities who came by party or Komsomol permits or on their own initiative.
The situation began to change after perestroika and the collapse of the USSR. Following the economic reforms, the crisis overtook the law enforcement system. Young people have much more opportunities for self-realization, and very few people wanted to go to a difficult and dangerous police service. The law enforcement agencies have increased their turnover, many employees began to quit literally after a year or two years of service. And, as we know, young police officers were fired, and not those who had already made a career and wanted to make it to retirement.
Since there were many novice police officers at the precinct level, this service was the most affected. Someone was eager to transfer to other, more prestigious divisions - ESD, DAEC, someone just left the service, deciding for himself that working "in the civilian world" is much more advantageous in terms of not only financial, but also free time, disposition of himself .
The fact that the police precinct police officers were turned into “universal soldiers”, with which the leadership usually covers a variety of “holes” in the service, plays its role in the turnover. If you need to ensure security during a rally or sporting event - send precinct. It is necessary to perform the functions of the military enlistment office to search for draftees - again, the district police officers. It is necessary to cover the shortage of patrol officers - again district. As a result, the main activities at the polling stations - administrative practice, prevention of offenses and crimes - are suffering. Do not forget about the huge amount of “paperwork” that modern district police officers are forced to carry out, unsubscribing from endless statements of citizens, inspections from the prosecutor’s office and higher-level inspections.
Surprisingly, the situation has not become better even now. It would seem that a large competition in the educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is not as easy to get into the police as in the same 1990s, the salary has increased significantly. But at the precinct positions is still incomplete. This inevitably affects the criminal situation in Russian society, the prevention of crime and crime, the protection of public order. Many ordinary people complain that they do not know their district police officers at all, and, if necessary, cannot find them. And this is also not surprising. If one precinct serves the area where there should be five employees, what can be expected from his work? And, nevertheless, even now, in such a difficult situation, the district police officers as a whole manage their duties, literally day and night at work. This is the unit whose service you can envy at the very least - communication with problem contingents, raids on hangings and basements, the constant risk of a very different plan - from the attacks of criminals to the banal infection with the same tuberculosis, which many representatives of “district customers” the police.
Especially the labor service of district officers in rural areas, where one settlement may have several localities, the situation in which also needs to be monitored, and help from the regional department can arrive not immediately. The service of district police officers in the North Caucasus is dangerous - we know that they are often the targets of attacks by terrorists, because they personify Russian power and, at the same time, are as close to the people as possible.
Of course, the service of district commissioners needs further development and improvement. This is a national scale task, for the solution of which it will be necessary, first of all, to take several basic steps - to increase funding, reduce staff shortages, make service conditions more human and attractive for young people. All of these problems are closely related to each other, and one results from the other, so that focusing on only one of them will not work. But this is already a question not so much related to the service of the police themselves, but to the general system of organization of state administration in the country.
“Military Review” congratulates all district police inspectors and service veterans on their professional holiday, wishes them successful service and the absence of combat and non-combat losses.
- P P 'SЊSЏ RџRѕR "RѕRЅSЃRєRёR№
- https://voenpro.ru
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