Great Scythia and Indian civilization
A very interesting topic is the connection between the inhabitants of Great Scythia and the Aryans, whose invasion at the end of the second millennium BC. er on the plain between the great rivers of the Indus and the Ganges led to the formation of Indian civilization. This problem is important not only for India, but also for Russia, stories all peoples of the Indo-European language family. India is interesting because there the Aryans (Indo-Europeans) were able to preserve a significant part of the common European heritage, traditions, and ancient faith. Thanks to this, we can better understand the faith and traditions of the ancient Slavs, the ancient Rus.
It is not surprising that the problem of the Aryans caused and causes great interest. Often try to speculate on this topic. A typical example is the attempt of German scientists, politicians and ideologists of the second half of 19 - the first half of 20 for centuries to ascribe to themselves the honor of being direct descendants of the “Indo-Germans”.
Regarding the origin of the "Indo-Aryans", scientists were able to find out one truth: they arrived in the Indus Valley from the southern Russian steppes, at the turn of II - I thousand BC. er After that, scientists encounter a certain barrier associated with politics. It is necessary to answer the question - with which specific peoples of the southern Russian steppes, known in the historical epoch, should the Aryans, who have gone to the south, be associated? What did the Aryans have to do with the historical Cimmerians and Scythians, which were recorded in the sources over several centuries? As already noted in the articles of HE Great Scythia and superethnos Rus. Part of 1 и Great Scythia and superethnos Rus. H. 2The data of archeology and anthropology clearly show that the culture and population of Scythia of the Iron Age are completely consistent with the earlier - Aryan and Proto-Aryan periods. But despite this, many still vehemently deny the direct connection between Aryans and Scythians. In principle, this is not surprising if we recall the direct connection between Great Scythia and Rus. History is written by winners. We see how before our eyes the history of the USSR and our Victory in the Great Patriotic War are being rewritten, and we cannot even speak of earlier eras. Falsifiers of world history are trying to create as many “gaps” in the historical fabric as possible. Like, the Aryans lived and left, other nations came - Cimmerians and Scythians, then they disappeared, they were replaced by Sarmatians, and after their departure Alans, Goths and Slavs. Then on the place of the Great Scythia (Sarmatia) Russia was formed. Moreover, the current historians from politics (in the interests of the West and the East) have already thought of the fact that the current Russians have almost nothing to do with the Russians, the Russians. The Russians, in their opinion, are supposedly a mixture of Finno-Ugric peoples with Asians (Mongoloids) with a slight admixture of Slavic blood. So from the history of the Russian civilization cut off a huge historical era. And a conclusion is made under this constant shift of “different” nations — the Russians will also live and “disappear” from the expanses of Northern Eurasia.
Archeological data show that the direct ancestors of the Cimmerians and Scythians are carriers of the Andronovo culture (it covered the territories of Western Siberia, a significant part of Central Asia and the Southern Urals in the 17th-9th centuries BC) and the Srubna culture (it’s in the 18th-12th centuries) BC occupied the steppe and forest-steppe belt of Eastern Europe between the Dnieper and the Urals, noted in Western Siberia and the North Caucasus), occupied precisely those lands that can be called the ancestral home of the Aryans of India. It is clear that only a part of the population of these vast territories has gone to the south in search of new lands for living and development. In fact, this Aryan resettlement (it was not simultaneous, but stretched out for a very significant period) can be considered from the point of view of expanding the sphere of influence of Great Scythia to the south.
It should be noted that the concept of “arya” has been preserved in almost all the peoples of the Indo-European language family. For example, Greek - “aristocrat”, Irish - “aire” - “leader, nobility”, Scandinavian - “arjoster” - “noblest”, Russian “boyar” - “big ardent”, “ratai, oratai” - plowman, farmer , the Hittite - “ara” - “free”, etc. It is clear that this concept meant a social group of free community members who were at the same time warriors. According to the researcher of the ancient history of Rus and Rus, Yu. D. Petukhov, “arias” are an epithet-self-name of the Rus that does not require translation. “Arias” (“aryas”) are “ardent”, vitally active, energetic, viable (passionaries according to L. Gumilev). Therefore, often “arias-ardent ones”, falling to the south and being in the minority among the foreign population, created elite castes of rulers, administrations, and priests.
This concept was also used as an ethnonym, the self-name of the people. It gave the name to a number of countries that populated the Aryans - Ireland, Iran, Bharat (one of the names of India, from the Aryan tribe - Bharata). The concept of “arya” is connected with the origin of the name “Alans” - alternating lr, “aria - Arian - Alan” (V.I. Abaev. Ossetian language and folklore). And Alans-Roksolans were part of Sarmatia, which was the direct heir of Scythia.
The ancestral home of the Aryans of Iran and India was located in the southern Russian steppes. Archeological data suggests that both representatives of the Andronovo and Srubna cultures moved south. In addition, linguistic studies indicate that the Northern Black Sea region and the Azov Sea were the starting point of the movement of a significant part of the Indo-Aryans. In this region, and especially in the Kuban, the Don, the Crimea, many toponyms have been discovered that are identical to Old Indian (Sanskrit). It was not in vain that the inhabitants of the eastern Azov region in ancient times were called Sinds, but one of the Don names sounded like Sinu. Toponymy Azov Sindiki almost completely transferred to Bharat. It should be noted that a little later, researchers noticed the similarity of the toponymy of India with the names in the Russian North. N. R. Guseva, the largest specialist in Indian culture and Indian religions, and her follower, a researcher of the Russian North, historian S. V. Zharnikova, found interesting coincidences confirming the correctness of the northern origin of the “Aryans”. One of the most sacred and largest rivers of India is the Ganges, but there was the river Ganga in the Arkhangelsk province, as well as Lake Gango, Gangrek and Gangozero (Olonets province). The other sacred river of India is the Indus. Zharnikova found many “relatives” of this river in the Russian North: Indoga, Indomanka, Indega, Indiga. In ancient times, the entire Arctic Ocean and the White Sea were called Gandvik. Several interesting studies are devoted to this topic.
The origin of the Indian and Iranian (Persian) civilizations from modern Russian territories is indisputable. At the same time, there were serious differences between these civilizations. Iran and India were seriously different before the Islamization and Arabization of Persia. Indo-Slavic ties are much clearer and closer than Slavic-Iranian ones. This is another fact that speaks against the old myth about the Iranian-speaking Scythians. Researchers have found a significant amount of correspondences, not only in the toponymy of India and Russia, but also the faith of the ancient Slavs and the religion of the Vedas, Slavic languages and Sanskrit, rituals and traditions. The closest Slavic-Indian ties have always been a problem for the development of the theory of Iranian-speaking Scythians. How did the Slavs establish a direct connection with India, bypassing the "Iranian-speaking" Scythia? At the same time, if we assume that the Scythians were chipped (the ancestors of the Slavs) were direct descendants of the “Aryans” (some of whom went to India), then everything falls into place. Russian civilization and Indian civilization have one root - Great Scythia. True, the Russians (Superethnos of the Rus) are the descendants of those who stayed in their native land (ancestral homeland), and the “white Indians” are the descendants of the immigrants. What is the reason for the serious differences between the Iranian and Indian cultures? Earlier it was argued that the Indo-Aryan community is much older than Iranian, becoming an earlier impetus to the impact of the steppe civilization to the south (for example, the Scythians who remained in the steppes of Eurasia could be declared "Iranian-speaking"). But modern research suggests that this statement is a mistake. First, the proto-Iranian community has developed on the periphery of the Aryan steppe world - in Central Asia. Secondly, this event was earlier than the Indo-Aryan community - 6-4 thousand BC. er (in the Neolithic era). In the Bronze Age - 3 thousand. BC. e., began the movement of this community to the south-west, to Iran. This can be traced to the spread of culture t. "Gray pottery", which has continuity with the Iranian tradition of the historically famous period. The Proto-Indian community formed alongside the Proto-Indian, but received strong infusions from the north, and the Aryans penetrated into India much later - at the turn of 2-1 in thousand BC. er
For a long time, it was believed that the “Aryan invasion” became the cause of the death of the local Harappan civilization (it developed in the valley of the Indus River in the XXIII — XIX centuries BC). But then the facts were revealed that completely refuted this hypothesis. There is a gap of several centuries between the arrival of the Aryans and the fall of the cities of the Harappan civilization. The immigrants from Great Scythia brought iron smelting technology, developed religion, mythology, writing, urban culture, the state-community system, etc. to the south. In fact, they restored Indian civilization. In addition, there is an opinion and some evidence that the Harappan civilization of the Bronze Age was also created under the influence of the oldest Aryan civilization. The Bronze Age Indian civilization appeared so suddenly and perished so that it is difficult to talk about its local origin. Harappan's hieroglyphic writing has some similarities with the writing systems of various regions of Eurasia — it could not have arisen in isolation. In addition, the petroglyphs of northern India have analogues in Central Asia and southern Siberia (Altai). Siberia and Central Asia then belonged to the population of the Aryan civilization. It is clear that it could have a certain impact on North India. This explains the cause of the Harappan civilization and the cause of its death. Having lost the “nourishment” from the north, the Indian urban culture of the Bronze Age “sank” when the concentration of carriers of the appropriating farming method exceeded the permissible limit (“there are more workers who sell”).
The arrival of the Aryans in the era of the Iron Age restored the connection of the region with Great Scythia, and Indian civilization was restored. It must be said that contacts between the north and the south continued into more recent eras. In the period of the highest flourishing of Great Scythia (7-6 centuries BC), when the Middle East and China were in the sphere of influence of northern civilization, India also received new “infusions”. K 6-5 vv. BC er Saki (Central Asian Scythians) advanced into Eastern Afghanistan and North-Western India. Saki-Scythians had a significant impact on the socio-political situation, the religion and culture of India. Suffice it to say that the famous Buddha (Prince Siddhartha Gautama) was from a noble family of Saka origin - Shakya Muni. A little later - 3-1 centuries. BC er the Indo-Scythian kingdoms were created. This was the result of expansion to the south during the rule of the Sarmatians. In 2 century BC. er there were Kushans, people of Aryan origin. The heyday of the Kushan Empire fell on I - III century BC. e., then it included in its composition the territory of modern Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and North India. According to N. I. Vasilyeva, in this period there is a restoration of vague traditions: there is "the creation of highly organized political structures of the imperial, state-communal type, re-equipment on a new technological basis (" knightly "cavalry), strengthening the" solar "religion." In fact, at the turn of the new era, India experienced a “second coming of the Aryans”, who restored the orders and traditions of a society of the “Vedic” type. India in this period - 2 c. BC er - 5 c. n er reached its highest peak - political, cultural, economic. This period was called the “golden age” (“classical”) of India. It was at this time that the Indian culture was created, which had a huge impact on the surrounding regions and all of humanity. Buddhism and Buddhist art alone influenced Ceylon, Indonesia, Central and Central Asia, Southeast Asia, China, Tibet, and Japan.
The Kushan empire covered mainly North India, but the Scythians advanced far to the south, based in the north-west of the Deccan Peninsula (Maharashtra). In the 2 century, they created the state of Kshatrap. It is possible that the strong Scythia of this region led to the formation there of a special ethnos Marathas. In the 5-7 of the century, India received several more “impulses” from the north. As a result, a new ethnic-class ruling group of Rajputs was formed. The Rajputs ruled India for several centuries, at which time civilization was experiencing a new cultural advance. Subsequently, the pressure of the Arabs and Islam limited the influence of the Rajput aristocracy, but could not completely supplant it. True, in general, almost all 2 th. er for Indian civilization was not the most successful period of history. Direct ties with Great Scythia (its successor - Rus - Russia) were interrupted. All forces were aimed at survival. But the Indian civilization, despite the enormous pressure of the Islamic world, and then of Western civilization, was able to survive and preserve its core.
In the 20 century, the USSR and India fruitfully cooperated. At present, Russia and India have every opportunity to create a sustainable strategic alliance. True, both civilizations must end the influence of the Anglo-Saxons on their policies, culture and elite.
Sources:
Vasilyeva N. I., Petukhov Yu. D. Russian Scythia. M, 2006.
N. Guseva. The Russian North - the ancestral home of the Indians M., 2003.
Guseva N. R. Slavs and Arya. The path of gods and words. ” M., 2001.
Zharnikova S.V. Archaic Roots of the Traditional Culture of the Russian North. 2003.
Kuzmina E.E. Where did the Indo-Aryans come from? The material culture of the tribes of the Andronovo community and the origin of Indo-Iranians. - M., 1994 / http://www.arheolog-ck.ru/Kuzmina-1994.pdf
Petukhov Yu. D. Roads of the Gods. M., 1990.
Petukhov Yu. D. History of the Rus. The earliest era. M., 2001.
Smirnov KF, Kuzmina E.E. The origin of Indo-Iranians in the light of the latest archaeological discoveries. M., 1977.
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