Day of the Space Forces of Russia
Every year, October 4 in our country celebrates the Day of the Space Forces of Russia, it is celebrated by all the current and former members of the Space Forces as their professional holiday. This festive date was established by order of the President of the Russian Federation from 31.05.2006 No. XXUMX “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the armed forces of the Russian Federation”. The holiday was timed to coincide with the launch of the first artificial satellite of the Earth, which in 549 opened the chronicle of cosmonautics, including the military one.
Almost 60 years ago, 4 October 1957, the successful launch of the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) took place with the direct participation of the Soviet military. The preparation for the launch, the launch and control of the satellite itself during orbital flight was carried out by specialists of the military units of the Space Forces. Especially for the management of the world's first satellite in the USSR, a whole network of ground-based measuring stations of the Command and Measurement Complex for Spacecraft Control was created. The locations of these sites were specifically identified by the Research Institute No. XXUMX of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union with the aim of providing work on spacecraft with high inclination angles, shooting telemetry and trajectory changes, transferring programs and commands to the maximum visible areas throughout the country. The same network of ground measuring stations was used by 4 on April 12 of the year to monitor the flight of the world's first manned spacecraft Vostok with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on board.
In the future, all domestic and international space programs were carried out with the participation of military units controlling spacecraft. The first manned flights, exploration of the Moon, Venus, Mars, carrying out complex experiments in open space, launching the Buran unmanned reusable orbital complex, controlling the manned Mir orbital station, creating the ISS - the International Space Station - this is not a complete list of Soviet achievements and the Russian cosmonautics, in which domestic military units of space designation made a significant contribution at various stages.
Back in 1960, the Third Directorate of the Main Directorate of Missile Weapons was created for organizing the management of space activities at the USSR Ministry of Defense, which in 1964 was transformed into TsUKOS - the Central Directorate of Space Facilities of the Defense Ministry and was part of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN), and 1970 year - in GUKOS - Main Directorate for Space Facilities of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In the 1982 year, due to the increased volume of tasks to be solved, GUUKOS and its subordinate units were removed from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinated directly to the Minister of Defense of the country;
At present, the Space Forces is a branch of the Air Force of Russia (VKS). Despite the fact that its history They have been leading since the 1950, as a separate branch of the army, they appeared relatively recently, it happened only in the 2001 year. In connection with the increasing role of space assets in the military and national security system of the Russian Federation, by presidential decree on the basis of unions, formations and launch and missile and space defense (CSC) 1 of June 2001 separated from the Strategic Missile Forces, an independent branch of military service was created - Space Forces Russia.
To date, Russian military units of the Plesetsk cosmodrome, the 15 Army of the VKS (Special Purpose) military center continue the space watch of the first Soviet military units of the launch and control of various spacecraft as part of the Main center for warning of a rocket attack, the Main Center for Space Intelligence, the Main test space center named after German Titov. The training of professional officers for the Space Forces of Russia is carried out in our days by the Military Space Academy named after A. Mozhaisky, located in St. Petersburg.
It can be noted that today an effective system of training, launching and controlling Russian spacecraft for various purposes, radar and orbital monitoring of missile-prone areas and ensuring global monitoring of the space situation has been created and successfully operates in the Russian Space Forces. The military and civilian personnel of the Space Forces successfully cope with the tasks of using and building up the combat capabilities of missile attack warning systems, replenishing and controlling the Russian orbital grouping of space systems and dual-purpose and military systems, controlling space, training our officers for our Space Forces country.
Nowadays, the Russian Space Forces solve a wide range of tasks, the main of which are:
- observation of space objects and the identification of threats to Russia in space and from space; if necessary, the countering of such threats;
- launching various spacecraft into orbits, controlling dual (military and civil) and military satellite systems in flight and using some of them in the interests of providing Russian troops (forces) with the necessary information;
- providing the highest levels of management with reliable information about the detection of launches of ballistic missiles and a warning about a rocket attack;
- maintaining the established composition and readiness for the use of various satellite systems for dual use and military purposes, their launch and control means.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, in 2018, as part of the combat duty monitoring of space control, specialists of the RCS center, the Main Space Intelligence Center of the Space Forces of the Russian Aerospace Force, carried out more than three thousand special works to monitor changes in the space situation during which they were able to detect and take on the support of the 900 order of various space objects, monitored the output into orbits of more than 500 spacecraft of various purposes, both pechili forecasting and control termination ballistic existence of about 180 space objects 10 issued warnings on dangerous close encounters of space objects with space vehicles, members of the Russian orbital constellation.
Combat calculations of the 1 State Plesetsk test space center in the Arkhangelsk region launched medium-range space rocket (RKN) of the Soyuz-2.1b middle class, as well as the launch of the Soyuz-2.1в light-duty rocket complex. Also, the launch of the rokot rocket launcher with spacecraft of various purposes on board, two launches of advanced Sarmat ballistic missiles, as well as one test launch. At the same time, the specialists of the Main Testing Center named after G. Titov provided and conducted 14 launches of various spacecraft from the Baikonur and Plesetsk cosmodromes. In the 2018 year, the on-duty forces of the ground-based automated control complex of the Space Forces of the Russian Aerospace Forces conducted more than 500 thousands of spacecraft control sessions from the Russian orbital group. The average daily management session was over 1,6 thousands of sessions.
In the space forces, the active introduction and commissioning of new types of weapons, military and special equipment continues. Radar stations of the new generation Voronezh, which belong to the missile attack warning system, have taken up combat duty in Russia. The radar data, created using high prefabrication technology in the Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Leningrad and Orenburg regions, as well as in the Altai, Krasnodar and Krasnoyarsk Krai, are on alert. At the same time, work continues in Russia to create a new radar missile attack warning system in the Murmansk region and in the Komi Republic.
As part of the program being implemented today for the improvement and development of the national space control system, the Russian Space Forces continue to work on the creation of ground-based space control tools belonging to a new generation. In total, up to 2020, more than ten new radio engineering and laser-optical complexes are planned to be deployed on the territory of the Russian Federation, implementing various principles of detection and recognition of space objects. It is already known that the first laser-optical complex of a new generation is located on the territory of the Altai Territory, where it successfully performs the tasks of controlling space, while in the mode of experimental combat duty.
In 2018, for the re-equipping of the formations and military units of the Russian Space Forces with advanced weapons, the 50 order is used for various research and development activities aimed at creating new-generation systems and systems in the coming years. Also in 2018, more than 15 of various promising and modern measuring tools were received by military units of the Main Test Space Center, the work on the commissioning of new technology is actively continuing.
October 4 "Military Review" congratulates all the military personnel of the Russian Space Forces, both operating and former, on their professional holiday.
Based on materials from open sources
Almost 60 years ago, 4 October 1957, the successful launch of the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) took place with the direct participation of the Soviet military. The preparation for the launch, the launch and control of the satellite itself during orbital flight was carried out by specialists of the military units of the Space Forces. Especially for the management of the world's first satellite in the USSR, a whole network of ground-based measuring stations of the Command and Measurement Complex for Spacecraft Control was created. The locations of these sites were specifically identified by the Research Institute No. XXUMX of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union with the aim of providing work on spacecraft with high inclination angles, shooting telemetry and trajectory changes, transferring programs and commands to the maximum visible areas throughout the country. The same network of ground measuring stations was used by 4 on April 12 of the year to monitor the flight of the world's first manned spacecraft Vostok with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on board.
In the future, all domestic and international space programs were carried out with the participation of military units controlling spacecraft. The first manned flights, exploration of the Moon, Venus, Mars, carrying out complex experiments in open space, launching the Buran unmanned reusable orbital complex, controlling the manned Mir orbital station, creating the ISS - the International Space Station - this is not a complete list of Soviet achievements and the Russian cosmonautics, in which domestic military units of space designation made a significant contribution at various stages.
Flag of the Space Forces of Russia
Back in 1960, the Third Directorate of the Main Directorate of Missile Weapons was created for organizing the management of space activities at the USSR Ministry of Defense, which in 1964 was transformed into TsUKOS - the Central Directorate of Space Facilities of the Defense Ministry and was part of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN), and 1970 year - in GUKOS - Main Directorate for Space Facilities of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In the 1982 year, due to the increased volume of tasks to be solved, GUUKOS and its subordinate units were removed from the Strategic Missile Forces and subordinated directly to the Minister of Defense of the country;
At present, the Space Forces is a branch of the Air Force of Russia (VKS). Despite the fact that its history They have been leading since the 1950, as a separate branch of the army, they appeared relatively recently, it happened only in the 2001 year. In connection with the increasing role of space assets in the military and national security system of the Russian Federation, by presidential decree on the basis of unions, formations and launch and missile and space defense (CSC) 1 of June 2001 separated from the Strategic Missile Forces, an independent branch of military service was created - Space Forces Russia.
To date, Russian military units of the Plesetsk cosmodrome, the 15 Army of the VKS (Special Purpose) military center continue the space watch of the first Soviet military units of the launch and control of various spacecraft as part of the Main center for warning of a rocket attack, the Main Center for Space Intelligence, the Main test space center named after German Titov. The training of professional officers for the Space Forces of Russia is carried out in our days by the Military Space Academy named after A. Mozhaisky, located in St. Petersburg.
Photo: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
It can be noted that today an effective system of training, launching and controlling Russian spacecraft for various purposes, radar and orbital monitoring of missile-prone areas and ensuring global monitoring of the space situation has been created and successfully operates in the Russian Space Forces. The military and civilian personnel of the Space Forces successfully cope with the tasks of using and building up the combat capabilities of missile attack warning systems, replenishing and controlling the Russian orbital grouping of space systems and dual-purpose and military systems, controlling space, training our officers for our Space Forces country.
Nowadays, the Russian Space Forces solve a wide range of tasks, the main of which are:
- observation of space objects and the identification of threats to Russia in space and from space; if necessary, the countering of such threats;
- launching various spacecraft into orbits, controlling dual (military and civil) and military satellite systems in flight and using some of them in the interests of providing Russian troops (forces) with the necessary information;
- providing the highest levels of management with reliable information about the detection of launches of ballistic missiles and a warning about a rocket attack;
- maintaining the established composition and readiness for the use of various satellite systems for dual use and military purposes, their launch and control means.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, in 2018, as part of the combat duty monitoring of space control, specialists of the RCS center, the Main Space Intelligence Center of the Space Forces of the Russian Aerospace Force, carried out more than three thousand special works to monitor changes in the space situation during which they were able to detect and take on the support of the 900 order of various space objects, monitored the output into orbits of more than 500 spacecraft of various purposes, both pechili forecasting and control termination ballistic existence of about 180 space objects 10 issued warnings on dangerous close encounters of space objects with space vehicles, members of the Russian orbital constellation.
Photo: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Combat calculations of the 1 State Plesetsk test space center in the Arkhangelsk region launched medium-range space rocket (RKN) of the Soyuz-2.1b middle class, as well as the launch of the Soyuz-2.1в light-duty rocket complex. Also, the launch of the rokot rocket launcher with spacecraft of various purposes on board, two launches of advanced Sarmat ballistic missiles, as well as one test launch. At the same time, the specialists of the Main Testing Center named after G. Titov provided and conducted 14 launches of various spacecraft from the Baikonur and Plesetsk cosmodromes. In the 2018 year, the on-duty forces of the ground-based automated control complex of the Space Forces of the Russian Aerospace Forces conducted more than 500 thousands of spacecraft control sessions from the Russian orbital group. The average daily management session was over 1,6 thousands of sessions.
In the space forces, the active introduction and commissioning of new types of weapons, military and special equipment continues. Radar stations of the new generation Voronezh, which belong to the missile attack warning system, have taken up combat duty in Russia. The radar data, created using high prefabrication technology in the Irkutsk, Kaliningrad, Leningrad and Orenburg regions, as well as in the Altai, Krasnodar and Krasnoyarsk Krai, are on alert. At the same time, work continues in Russia to create a new radar missile attack warning system in the Murmansk region and in the Komi Republic.
As part of the program being implemented today for the improvement and development of the national space control system, the Russian Space Forces continue to work on the creation of ground-based space control tools belonging to a new generation. In total, up to 2020, more than ten new radio engineering and laser-optical complexes are planned to be deployed on the territory of the Russian Federation, implementing various principles of detection and recognition of space objects. It is already known that the first laser-optical complex of a new generation is located on the territory of the Altai Territory, where it successfully performs the tasks of controlling space, while in the mode of experimental combat duty.
Photo: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
In 2018, for the re-equipping of the formations and military units of the Russian Space Forces with advanced weapons, the 50 order is used for various research and development activities aimed at creating new-generation systems and systems in the coming years. Also in 2018, more than 15 of various promising and modern measuring tools were received by military units of the Main Test Space Center, the work on the commissioning of new technology is actively continuing.
October 4 "Military Review" congratulates all the military personnel of the Russian Space Forces, both operating and former, on their professional holiday.
Based on materials from open sources
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