Cyclone-4 peace-grandson of ICBM R-36orb (SS-9 Mod 3 Scarp)
Since 1962, the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau has begun the development of the R-36orb ICBM (the P-36 strategic missile system with the 8-69 orbital rocket). This rocket could take a relatively light head to a low orbit and after that a nuclear strike on ground targets was delivered from space. Flight tests started in 1965 and 20 was completed on May 1968.
Adopted by the Decree of the Government of the USSR from November 19 1968.
P-36Orb allowed to throw a nuclear warhead into near-earth orbit, to strike at the enemy on any coil, "deceiving" the US early warning system.
The first and only regiment with orbital missiles 8K69 took over the combat duty 25 in August 1969g. on NIIP-5. As part of the regiment 18 launchers were deployed.
8K69 orbital missiles were removed from combat duty in January 1983g. in connection with the conclusion of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Arms (SALT-2), in which the ban on such systems was stipulated.
The Cyclone-36 space launch vehicle was created on the basis of the R-2orb ICBM and since the end of the 60-s to the present day, it has been launching various spacecraft into Earth orbit from the Baikonur cosmodrome.
Later, for the northern Plesetsk test site, a space rocket carrier Cyclone-3 was designed on its basis:
number of stages Payload
11K67- "Cyclone-2A" 2 IS ASAT
11K69 - "Cyclone-2" 2 US-A, -P, -PM
11K68 - "Cyclone-3" or "Cyclone-M" 3 Meteor, Ocean, Celina -D / P
The Cyclone-4 launch vehicle is designed for operational, high-precision launch into circular, geostationary, sun-synchronous orbits of one or a group of spacecraft for various purposes.
This is the newest and most powerful version of the Cyclone launch vehicles. PH series "Cyclone" are operated with 1969g. (Cyclone-2) and established themselves as the most highly reliable media in the world. The design scheme "Cyclone-4" meets modern requirements for the means of launching spacecraft.
The launch vehicle is a three-stage rocket with a sequential arrangement of stages, developed on the basis of the existing Cyclone-3 rocket launcher:
Using the first two stages 1 and 2 stages PH "Cyclone-3" with the necessary minimum modifications and maximum preservation of production technology;
taking into account the implementation of new technical solutions compared to the Cyclone-3 PH:
development of a new 3 stage with an increased stock of fuel components and a main engine based on the RD861K LRE with multiple launch options;
equipping the PH with new modern control, safety and measurement systems;
installation on the PH of the new head fairing;
selection of a separate structural assembly;
head unit to ensure the required level of cleanliness of the spacecraft zone under the fairing;
implementation of refueling of all PH stages from the end of the 1 stage on the launching pad;
introduction of the possibility of thermostating under a flow area of high-pressure air when canceling the launch of a PH.
The complex can provide 6 and more PH launches per year. Currently, the National Space Agency of Ukraine has signed an agreement with the Brazilian Space Agency on the creation of the Cyclone-4 space rocket complex. The launch of the Cyclone-4 PH will be carried out from the Alcantara cosmodrome. The first launch of the Cyclone-4 PH was scheduled for February 2012.
However, due to the big problems with the financing of the project from Ukraine, the launch was postponed to 2013 year.
In addition, today Yuzhmash has multimillion-dollar debts to power engineers. According to “Dela”, rocket planners owed the power supply company Dniproblenergo more than 10 million UAH. for the electricity supplied in 2010 – 2011.
Graph of energy capabilities of the launch vehicle (mass of spacecraft, height, inclination) for launching into circular and elliptical orbits 2.3
The energy potential of the PH "Cyclone-4" for the removal of PG into circular and elliptical orbits by the 90 inclination
Energy capabilities of the Cyclone-4 PH to remove GHGs into sun-synchronous orbits
GHG zone dimensions
Work on the creation of a space rocket complex include:
development of a new modification of the Cyclone PH;
the creation of an experimental ground test equipment PH and ground test equipment TC and SK;
construction of technical and launch facilities.
The location of the launch complex almost at the equator will allow an almost 20% increase in the payload, with an equal starting mass (compared to Baikonur).
The attractiveness of the project for the rocket and space industry of Ukraine and the industry of Ukraine in general
-space complex will be created on 90% by Ukrainian cooperation. The cooperation will be composed of the main developers and manufacturers of rocket and space technology, instrument-making, metallurgical, chemical enterprises and specialized construction organizations, which will ensure the long-term workload of enterprises. In general, the work that will be carried out in the framework of the project, can provide no less than 40 thousands of jobs.
-the project implementation creates unique prerequisites for the preservation and further development of the light cycling complex KRK series, allows you to solve a complex of scientific, technological issues from the transition to the new element base, the use of new types of materials, modern scientific and technical solutions and breakthrough technologies, which in general fundamentally increase the scientific and technical level of the Ukrainian rocket and space technology.
-the implementation of this important project for the space region of Ukraine will create a modern competitive launch vehicle, keep Ukraine one of the leading places among the countries that own rocket technologies and effectively use the unique capabilities of the launch center Alcantara for the operation of the space complex.
Instead of an afterword: the current state of the mine PU P-36 orb - "401 object":
Each silo - "separate start" for 8K69 - was a complex engineering structure, including a 40-meter concrete shaft with a diameter of 8.3 m, which is closed from the top by a sliding protective roof. Inside the reinforced concrete shaft, a container (launching cup) was placed, and a rocket was placed inside the container on the divider. The diameter of the launcher is 4.64. The head of the silo launcher was two-storeyed, it housed equipment to ensure long-term combat duty, preparation and launch. In the lower part of the mine there was a reservoir for industrial wastes. The mine was equipped with an elevator, which provided a quick descent to the bottom.
Sources of information:
http://www.yuzhnoye.com
http://delo.ua
http://www.nkau.gov.ua
Information