Myths about the origin of Ukraine and the Ukrainians. Myth 4. Instead of a hymn, a requiem
The origin of the anthem of Ukraine, as well as everything connected with Ukrainians, is shrouded in a mist of lies. When you listen to the Ukrainian anthem, its tedious, painful melody, there is no desire to cry for pride in the country and admire this symbol of the state. Many have no desire to even get up. It is rather not a hymn, but a requiem, a memorial song.
It cannot be said that when listening to the hymn there is a feeling of weight and spaciousness. On the contrary, the very first line of the anthem (“Ukraine has not yet died” ... ”), in combination with the minor melody, creates a feeling of rigidity, monotony, sadness and depression. Why is that? Why is the Ukrainian anthem a tracing from the Polish anthem, which sets forth the program for the revival of the Polish state?
Before talking about the authorship and melody of the anthem, it is worth recalling the historical period when this hymn was written. This is 1862 year, Poland as a state has not existed for more than half a century. It is divided between Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Polish uprising of 1830 of the year is crushed, a new uprising is being prepared, which in the next year of 1863 will also end in failure.
One of the Polish generals who served in Napoleon’s army in 1797 wrote the song “I’m not Polska Even”, which quickly became a popular hit among supporters of the restoration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Like Mazurka Dombrowski, it became a national anthem during the Polish uprisings of 1830 and 1863 and in 1927, the national anthem of Poland.
Polish gentry, including those settled on the lands of Little Russia, dream of restoring the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and seeks to attract to their side clappers, part of the Russian intelligentsia, mostly young people infected under Polish influence by the idea of a separate “Ukrainian people”.
According to the canonical version, the authorship of the words of the future Ukrainian anthem, “Ukraine has not yet died,” belongs to the well-known Russian scientist Pavel Chubinsky, Ukrainophil and former member of the Polish group of claps. He allegedly wrote this verse in August 1862, on the eve of the Polish uprising. But Chubinsky himself never claimed authorship during his lifetime.
For the first time about the authorship of Chubinsky was written in the memoirs of a certain Beletsky. They were published in 1914 in the Ukrainian Life magazine, Ukrainian Life, whose goal was to promote the so-called Ukrainian cultural heritage. Is it any wonder that the editor of the magazine was the notorious Simon Petlyura.
According to Beletsky, at one of the parties of the Kiev klapomans, which was also attended by Beletsky, Chubinsky wrote an impromptu words of the hymn “Ukraine has not yet died”, as if to a Serbian song motif. The slyness is that the fact of the party was, and these verses were indeed written on it. But the shameful birthright of the Polish anthem and the authorship of the Poles, Beletsky is trying to hide behind the version of the Serbian trail.
It was not at all difficult to do this, since the Serbian version of Ghandriy Seiler “Serbia had not yet died” already existed, and even the same among Croatian Muslims - “Croatia had not yet died” by Lyudevita Gaya. An interesting spread of the Polish hit among stateless peoples! In the memoirs of another party participant, Nikolai Verbitsky, set out in his letters, everything looks much more plausible. As an ordinary student party sympathizing with a ripening uprising, the popular hit was reworked.
The verse was the fruit of collective creativity in rewriting the Polish hit "Yeshe Polska did not come up" in a hlopomanian manner. The action was attended by students clapboard, “born blood gentry of the Radzivils” Joseph of Rila and his brother Tadey Rylsky - the famous Polish poet, pseudonym Maxim Cherny (father and uncle of the Soviet poet Maxim Rylsky).
At the party were their friends Poles russophobes Paulin Sventsitsky (alias Paul His), Pavel Zitetsky and Ivan Navrotsky. The last two were late, but they brought a familiar Serb Peter Entic-Karic. Chubinsky himself appeared, as always, the last.
During the party, the Poles of Rylsky and Sventsitsky sang the “March of Dombrowski”, and the idea was born to write the same, but already in relation to the Polish-hlopomansky ideas. Collectively and poems were written. According to Verbitsky, only two lines remain from his text.
The first version of the future hymn included the quintessence of all Polish complexes on the Ukrainian issue. Which is understandable, given the nationality of the group of authors! One of the first options included such a stanza: “Those who bravely defended Mother Ukraine. Nalyvayko and Pavlyuk ... "
Tadei Rylsky and Pavlin Sventsitsky, whose relatives from babies to old men were cut out by Pavel Bout named Pavlyuk, did not like the mention of him. Tadey Rylsky proposed his own version: “Let us recall the holy death of the knights of the Cossacks ...”
And here is the verse from the first versions of the future anthem of Ukraine:
"Oh, Bogdan-Zinoviy, our drunk hetman,
Why did Ukraine sell the Muscovites to the nasty? ”
And then the primordially Great Poland claims: “We will, brother, go to the Don.” They see the future of this land, on the one hand, from the San river, the Vistula tributary in the depths of Poland, on the other hand, to the Don river in the depths of Russian territory That is, immediately claims to a part of Poland and the Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, half of Rostov, part of the Lipetsk and Volgograd regions of Russia!
After the suppression of the Polish uprising 1863 of the year, Sventsitsky, an admirer of Taras Shevchenko and an ardent Russophobe, emigrated to Lviv, which was then Austrian Lemberg, and “No More Ukraine Has Perished” issued another Ukrainian idol, Shevchenko.
The first publication of poems was carried out not somewhere, but again in Lviv. In the fourth issue of the local magazine "Meta" for the year 1863 were published four poems. Moreover, the first verse was “No More Dead,” after which there are really three poems by Shevchenko. And all ended with his signature. So, with the suggestion of Sventsitsky, they tried to attribute authorship to Kobzar.
But this caused too much doubt. The publishers of Shevchenko's poems in 1880-s requested such an expert in Ukrainian literature as Ukrainophile Kulish. He was aware of the innocence of Shevchenko. Not wanting to disclose the Polish trace and knowing closely Pavel Chubinsky (recently deceased), a colleague in the Ministry of Railways, Kulish attributed authorship to him.
Inspired by the publication of the Galician priest, a Pole by birth, Mikhail Verbitsky, the namesake of Nikolay Verbitsky, wrote music a week later. From that moment on, the Polish hit began to claim the anthem of Galicia. That same Galicia, where exactly at this time the Austrians created a new, Ukrainian nation, giving “Ukrainians” attributes like a flag, a hymn, and even stories. The official date of the first public performance of the song is considered to be 10 in March of 1865, when, in Przemysl, in the theological seminary, Ukrainian society organized an evening in memory of Shevchenko.
The origin and meaning of "Ukraine has not yet died" fully corresponds to the political slogans and views of the Polish gentry of Little Russia and Galicia on the eve of the uprising. Since the rebellion failed, the lyrics of the song did not spread. And he was a stranger to the Little Russian population, which, by the way, actively helped to eliminate the Polish rebellion. The song found fertile ground only among the Galician Ukrainophiles, who willingly sang to the Polish dudu.
Having briefly flashed in 1917-1920 as one of the variants of the national anthem of the sham UNR, the Polish hit was pulled out of the shoe in 1992. We got, shook off naphthalene, edited. President Kuchma remade the first stanza to: “Ukraine has not yet died and glory and will,” leaving only the first quatrain and chorus along the way. It was very politically incorrect to claim the San river in Poland and the Russian Don. In this form, it was approved in 2003 this Polish creation as the national anthem of Ukraine.
As you know, the anthem of any state is a program in which the past, present and future merge together, it is a call to its people, it is a prayer for their well-being. The national anthem should make the citizens of the country feel a sense of belonging to something greater and greater, preserve the memory of it for centuries. Anthem of France, the famous "Marseillaise", one of the most striking examples of a successful anthem, the melody of which does not leave anyone indifferent. It perfectly conveys the flavor of the country, its goals and aspirations.
And what associations can the anthem of Ukraine "Already not died ..." cause? The first thing that comes to mind is “barely alive”, “breathing to the point”, “barely the soul in the body”. The first line of the national anthem says a lot. As the unforgettable captain Vrungel said: “As you call a boat, it will sail like this.” So it is with Ukraine: it floats incomprehensibly where and why it is unclear. Until the last reef there are not so many.
It cannot be said that when listening to the hymn there is a feeling of weight and spaciousness. On the contrary, the very first line of the anthem (“Ukraine has not yet died” ... ”), in combination with the minor melody, creates a feeling of rigidity, monotony, sadness and depression. Why is that? Why is the Ukrainian anthem a tracing from the Polish anthem, which sets forth the program for the revival of the Polish state?
Before talking about the authorship and melody of the anthem, it is worth recalling the historical period when this hymn was written. This is 1862 year, Poland as a state has not existed for more than half a century. It is divided between Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Polish uprising of 1830 of the year is crushed, a new uprising is being prepared, which in the next year of 1863 will also end in failure.
One of the Polish generals who served in Napoleon’s army in 1797 wrote the song “I’m not Polska Even”, which quickly became a popular hit among supporters of the restoration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Like Mazurka Dombrowski, it became a national anthem during the Polish uprisings of 1830 and 1863 and in 1927, the national anthem of Poland.
Polish gentry, including those settled on the lands of Little Russia, dream of restoring the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and seeks to attract to their side clappers, part of the Russian intelligentsia, mostly young people infected under Polish influence by the idea of a separate “Ukrainian people”.
According to the canonical version, the authorship of the words of the future Ukrainian anthem, “Ukraine has not yet died,” belongs to the well-known Russian scientist Pavel Chubinsky, Ukrainophil and former member of the Polish group of claps. He allegedly wrote this verse in August 1862, on the eve of the Polish uprising. But Chubinsky himself never claimed authorship during his lifetime.
For the first time about the authorship of Chubinsky was written in the memoirs of a certain Beletsky. They were published in 1914 in the Ukrainian Life magazine, Ukrainian Life, whose goal was to promote the so-called Ukrainian cultural heritage. Is it any wonder that the editor of the magazine was the notorious Simon Petlyura.
According to Beletsky, at one of the parties of the Kiev klapomans, which was also attended by Beletsky, Chubinsky wrote an impromptu words of the hymn “Ukraine has not yet died”, as if to a Serbian song motif. The slyness is that the fact of the party was, and these verses were indeed written on it. But the shameful birthright of the Polish anthem and the authorship of the Poles, Beletsky is trying to hide behind the version of the Serbian trail.
It was not at all difficult to do this, since the Serbian version of Ghandriy Seiler “Serbia had not yet died” already existed, and even the same among Croatian Muslims - “Croatia had not yet died” by Lyudevita Gaya. An interesting spread of the Polish hit among stateless peoples! In the memoirs of another party participant, Nikolai Verbitsky, set out in his letters, everything looks much more plausible. As an ordinary student party sympathizing with a ripening uprising, the popular hit was reworked.
The verse was the fruit of collective creativity in rewriting the Polish hit "Yeshe Polska did not come up" in a hlopomanian manner. The action was attended by students clapboard, “born blood gentry of the Radzivils” Joseph of Rila and his brother Tadey Rylsky - the famous Polish poet, pseudonym Maxim Cherny (father and uncle of the Soviet poet Maxim Rylsky).
At the party were their friends Poles russophobes Paulin Sventsitsky (alias Paul His), Pavel Zitetsky and Ivan Navrotsky. The last two were late, but they brought a familiar Serb Peter Entic-Karic. Chubinsky himself appeared, as always, the last.
During the party, the Poles of Rylsky and Sventsitsky sang the “March of Dombrowski”, and the idea was born to write the same, but already in relation to the Polish-hlopomansky ideas. Collectively and poems were written. According to Verbitsky, only two lines remain from his text.
The first version of the future hymn included the quintessence of all Polish complexes on the Ukrainian issue. Which is understandable, given the nationality of the group of authors! One of the first options included such a stanza: “Those who bravely defended Mother Ukraine. Nalyvayko and Pavlyuk ... "
Tadei Rylsky and Pavlin Sventsitsky, whose relatives from babies to old men were cut out by Pavel Bout named Pavlyuk, did not like the mention of him. Tadey Rylsky proposed his own version: “Let us recall the holy death of the knights of the Cossacks ...”
And here is the verse from the first versions of the future anthem of Ukraine:
"Oh, Bogdan-Zinoviy, our drunk hetman,
Why did Ukraine sell the Muscovites to the nasty? ”
And then the primordially Great Poland claims: “We will, brother, go to the Don.” They see the future of this land, on the one hand, from the San river, the Vistula tributary in the depths of Poland, on the other hand, to the Don river in the depths of Russian territory That is, immediately claims to a part of Poland and the Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, half of Rostov, part of the Lipetsk and Volgograd regions of Russia!
After the suppression of the Polish uprising 1863 of the year, Sventsitsky, an admirer of Taras Shevchenko and an ardent Russophobe, emigrated to Lviv, which was then Austrian Lemberg, and “No More Ukraine Has Perished” issued another Ukrainian idol, Shevchenko.
The first publication of poems was carried out not somewhere, but again in Lviv. In the fourth issue of the local magazine "Meta" for the year 1863 were published four poems. Moreover, the first verse was “No More Dead,” after which there are really three poems by Shevchenko. And all ended with his signature. So, with the suggestion of Sventsitsky, they tried to attribute authorship to Kobzar.
But this caused too much doubt. The publishers of Shevchenko's poems in 1880-s requested such an expert in Ukrainian literature as Ukrainophile Kulish. He was aware of the innocence of Shevchenko. Not wanting to disclose the Polish trace and knowing closely Pavel Chubinsky (recently deceased), a colleague in the Ministry of Railways, Kulish attributed authorship to him.
Inspired by the publication of the Galician priest, a Pole by birth, Mikhail Verbitsky, the namesake of Nikolay Verbitsky, wrote music a week later. From that moment on, the Polish hit began to claim the anthem of Galicia. That same Galicia, where exactly at this time the Austrians created a new, Ukrainian nation, giving “Ukrainians” attributes like a flag, a hymn, and even stories. The official date of the first public performance of the song is considered to be 10 in March of 1865, when, in Przemysl, in the theological seminary, Ukrainian society organized an evening in memory of Shevchenko.
The origin and meaning of "Ukraine has not yet died" fully corresponds to the political slogans and views of the Polish gentry of Little Russia and Galicia on the eve of the uprising. Since the rebellion failed, the lyrics of the song did not spread. And he was a stranger to the Little Russian population, which, by the way, actively helped to eliminate the Polish rebellion. The song found fertile ground only among the Galician Ukrainophiles, who willingly sang to the Polish dudu.
Having briefly flashed in 1917-1920 as one of the variants of the national anthem of the sham UNR, the Polish hit was pulled out of the shoe in 1992. We got, shook off naphthalene, edited. President Kuchma remade the first stanza to: “Ukraine has not yet died and glory and will,” leaving only the first quatrain and chorus along the way. It was very politically incorrect to claim the San river in Poland and the Russian Don. In this form, it was approved in 2003 this Polish creation as the national anthem of Ukraine.
As you know, the anthem of any state is a program in which the past, present and future merge together, it is a call to its people, it is a prayer for their well-being. The national anthem should make the citizens of the country feel a sense of belonging to something greater and greater, preserve the memory of it for centuries. Anthem of France, the famous "Marseillaise", one of the most striking examples of a successful anthem, the melody of which does not leave anyone indifferent. It perfectly conveys the flavor of the country, its goals and aspirations.
And what associations can the anthem of Ukraine "Already not died ..." cause? The first thing that comes to mind is “barely alive”, “breathing to the point”, “barely the soul in the body”. The first line of the national anthem says a lot. As the unforgettable captain Vrungel said: “As you call a boat, it will sail like this.” So it is with Ukraine: it floats incomprehensibly where and why it is unclear. Until the last reef there are not so many.
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